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The 2021 List of Pharmacological Classes of Doping Agents and Doping Methods
BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 1 von 23 The 2021 list of pharmacological classes of doping agents and doping methods www.ris.bka.gv.at BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 2 von 23 www.ris.bka.gv.at BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 3 von 23 THE 2021 PROHIBITED LIST WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE DATE OF ENTRY INTO FORCE 1 January 2021 Introduction The Prohibited List is a mandatory International Standard as part of the World Anti-Doping Program. The List is updated annually following an extensive consultation process facilitated by WADA. The effective date of the List is 1 January 2021. The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail. Below are some terms used in this List of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods. Prohibited In-Competition Subject to a different period having been approved by WADA for a given sport, the In- Competition period shall in principle be the period commencing just before midnight (at 11:59 p.m.) on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate until the end of the Competition and the Sample collection process. Prohibited at all times This means that the substance or method is prohibited In- and Out-of-Competition as defined in the Code. Specified and non-Specified As per Article 4.2.2 of the World Anti-Doping Code, “for purposes of the application of Article 10, all Prohibited Substances shall be Specified Substances except as identified on the Prohibited List. -
Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin
0163-769X/04/$20.00/0 Endocrine Reviews 25(3):426–457 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 2004 by The Endocrine Society doi: 10.1210/er.2002-0029 Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin AART J. VAN DER LELY, MATTHIAS TSCHO¨ P, MARK L. HEIMAN, AND EZIO GHIGO Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.J.v.d.L.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry (M.T.), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237; Endocrine Research Department (M.L.H.), Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; and Division of Endocrinology (E.G.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10095 Ghrelin is a peptide predominantly produced by the stomach. secretion, and influence on pancreatic exocrine and endo- Ghrelin displays strong GH-releasing activity. This activity is crine function as well as on glucose metabolism. Cardiovas- mediated by the activation of the so-called GH secretagogue cular actions and modulation of proliferation of neoplastic receptor type 1a. This receptor had been shown to be specific cells, as well as of the immune system, are other actions of for a family of synthetic, peptidyl and nonpeptidyl GH secre- ghrelin. Therefore, we consider ghrelin a gastrointestinal tagogues. Apart from a potent GH-releasing action, ghrelin peptide contributing to the regulation of diverse functions of has other activities including stimulation of lactotroph and the gut-brain axis. So, there is indeed a possibility that ghrelin corticotroph function, influence on the pituitary gonadal axis, analogs, acting as either agonists or antagonists, might have stimulation of appetite, control of energy balance, influence clinical impact. -
Effects of the Ghrelin Receptor Agonist Anamorelin
Garcia et al. Cancer & Metabolism 2014, 2(Suppl 1):P19 http://www.cancerandmetabolism.com/content/2/S1/P19 Cancer & Metabolism POSTERPRESENTATION Open Access Effects of the ghrelin receptor agonist anamorelin on lean body mass in cancer patients with cachexia; results from a Phase II randomized, double blind, multicenter study Jose M Garcia1,2, Ying Yan3, Elizabeth Manning-Duus3*, John Friend3 From Metabolism, Diet and Disease 2014: Cancer and metabolism Washington DC, USA. 28-30 May 2014 Background LBM and TBM in anamorelin-treated patients were Cancer anorexia-cachexia is a frequent, debilitating and strongly correlated (r2=0.7249, p< 0.0001). Anamorelin life-threatening condition in which altered metabolism treatment improvements in HGS and QoL were previously and reduced food intake contribute to weight loss presented [1]. Anamorelin was well tolerated, and types (mainly due to lean body mass [LBM] loss), which can- and prevalence of AEs were similar between treatment not be reverted by conventional nutritional support. arms. Safe/effective treatments for cancer cachexia remain an unmet need. The hunger hormone ghrelin has been Conclusion shown to activate key pathways in the regulation of Decreased body weight and LBM are poor prognostic fac- body composition. Anamorelin (ANAM) is a novel, tors in cancer cachexia patients. This study demonstrates selective, oral ghrelin receptor agonist with appetite- that 50mg anamorelin treatment for 12 weeks significantly enhancing and anabolic activity. Anamorelin is currently increased LBM, which largely contributed to the increases being investigated in phase III studies for the treatment in total body mass. Together with its appetite-enhancing of anorexia-cachexia in advanced non-small cell lung activity, these results support the further development of cancer (also known as the ROMANA program). -
Intramuscular Injections of Male Pheromone 5Α-Androstenol Change the Secretory Ovarian Function in Gilts During Sexual Maturation
Vol. 3, No. 3 241 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Intramuscular injections of male pheromone 5α-androstenol change the secretory ovarian function in gilts during sexual maturation Stanisława Stefańczyk-Krzymowska1, Tadeusz Krzymowski, Barbara Wąsowska, Barbara Jana, Jarosław Słomiński Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Received: 8 September 2003; accepted: 4 November 2003 SUMMARY In addition to the standard olfactory pathway typical for signaling phero- mones, the existence of a humoral pathway for the priming action of phero- mones has been earlier postulated. In this study in vivo experiment was performed to establish whether intramuscular injections of boar pheromone, 5α-androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3-ol), might change the development and secretory function of the ovarian follicles during sexual maturation of gilts. Gilts from groups I (n=15) and II (n=13) received androstenol (10 μg/gilt/injection; i.m.) three times a week from day 192 to 234 of age. Similar, control gilts (group C; n=13) received saline. Additionally, the na- sal cavity of animals from group II was irrigated with zinc sulfate solution to depress olfactory function. The reproductive organs and follicular fl uid 1Corresponding author: Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2003 by the Society for Biology of Reproduction 242 Male pheromonepheromone in gilts were collected on day 240 of age. There were no signifi cant differences among groups concerning the weight of the ovary and uterus, the length of the uterine horns and intensity of cytochrome P450scc and P450arom im- munoexpression. -
Pharmacological Modulation of Ghrelin to Induce Weight Loss: Successes and Challenges
Current Diabetes Reports (2019) 19:102 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1211-9 OBESITY (KM GADDE, SECTION EDITOR) Pharmacological Modulation of Ghrelin to Induce Weight Loss: Successes and Challenges Martha A. Schalla1 & Andreas Stengel1,2 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review Obesity is affecting over 600 million adults worldwide and has numerous negative effects on health. Since ghrelin positively regulates food intake and body weight, targeting its signaling to induce weight loss under conditions of obesity seems promising. Thus, the present work reviews and discusses different possibilities to alter ghrelin signaling. Recent Findings Ghrelin signaling can be altered by RNA Spiegelmers, GHSR/Fc, ghrelin-O-acyltransferase inhibitors as well as antagonists, and inverse agonists of the ghrelin receptor. PF-05190457 is the first inverse agonist of the ghrelin receptor tested in humans shown to inhibit growth hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and reduce postprandial glucose levels. Effects on body weight were not examined. Summary Although various highly promising agents targeting ghrelin signaling exist, so far, they were mostly only tested in vitro or in animal models. Further research in humans is thus needed to further assess the effects of ghrelin antagonism on body weight especially under conditions of obesity. Keywords Antagonist . Ghrelin-O-acyl transferase . GOAT . Growth hormone . Inverse agonist . Obesity Abbreviations GHRP-2 Growth hormone–releasing peptide-2 ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone GHRP-6 Growth hormone–releasing peptide 6 AZ-GHS-22 Non-CNS penetrant inverse agonist 22 GHSR Growth hormone secretagogue receptor AZ-GHS-38 CNS penetrant inverse agonist 38 GOAT Ghrelin-O-acyltransferase BMI Body mass index GRLN-R Ghrelin receptor CpdB Compound B icv Intracerebroventricular CpdD Compound D POMC Proopiomelanocortin DIO Diet-induced obesity sc Subcutaneous GH Growth hormone SPM RNA Spiegelmer WHO World Health Organization. -
Fully Automated Dried Blood Spot Sample Preparation Enables the Detection of Lower Molecular Mass Peptide and Non-Peptide Doping Agents by Means of LC-HRMS
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (2020) 412:3765–3777 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02634-4 RESEARCH PAPER Fully automated dried blood spot sample preparation enables the detection of lower molecular mass peptide and non-peptide doping agents by means of LC-HRMS Tobias Lange1 & Andreas Thomas1 & Katja Walpurgis1 & Mario Thevis1,2 Received: 10 December 2019 /Revised: 26 March 2020 /Accepted: 31 March 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract The added value of dried blood spot (DBS) samples complementing the information obtained from commonly routine doping control matrices is continuously increasing in sports drug testing. In this project, a robotic-assisted non-destructive hematocrit measurement from dried blood spots by near-infrared spectroscopy followed by a fully automated sample preparation including strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction and evaporation enabled the detection of 46 lower molecular mass (< 2 kDa) peptide and non-peptide drugs and drug candidates by means of LC-HRMS. The target analytes included, amongst others, agonists of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, the ghrelin receptor, the human growth hormone receptor, and the antidiuretic hormone receptor. Furthermore, several glycine derivatives of growth hormone–releasing peptides (GHRPs), argu- ably designed to undermine current anti-doping testing approaches, were implemented to the presented detection method. The initial testing assay was validated according to the World Anti-Doping Agency guidelines with estimated LODs between 0.5 and 20 ng/mL. As a proof of concept, authentic post-administration specimens containing GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 were successfully analyzed. Furthermore, DBS obtained from a sampling device operating with microneedles for blood collection from the upper arm were analyzed and the matrix was cross-validated for selected parameters. -
Disposition of T Oxic Drugs and Chemicals
Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, Eleventh Edition Eleventh Edition in Man and Chemicals Drugs Toxic Disposition of The purpose of this work is to present in a single convenient source the current essential information on the disposition of the chemi- cals and drugs most frequently encountered in episodes of human poisoning. The data included relate to the body fluid concentrations of substances in normal or therapeutic situations, concentrations in fluids and tissues in instances of toxicity and the known metabolic fate of these substances in man. Brief mention is made of specific analytical procedures that are applicable to the determination of each substance and its active metabolites in biological specimens. It is expected that such information will be of particular interest and use to toxicologists, pharmacologists, clinical chemists and clinicians who have need either to conduct an analytical search for these materials in specimens of human origin or to interpret 30 Amberwood Parkway analytical data resulting from such a search. Ashland, OH 44805 by Randall C. Baselt, Ph.D. Former Director, Chemical Toxicology Institute Bookmasters Foster City, California HARD BOUND, 7” x 10”, 2500 pp., 2017 ISBN 978-0-692-77499-1 USA Reviewer Comments on the Tenth Edition “...equally useful for clinical scientists and poison information centers and others engaged in practice and research involving drugs.” Y. Caplan, J. Anal. Tox. “...continues to be an invaluable and essential resource for the forensic toxicologist and pathologist.” D. Fuller, SOFT ToxTalk “...has become an essential reference book in many laboratories that deal with clinical or forensic cases of poisoning.” M. -
Classification Decisions Taken by the Harmonized System Committee from the 47Th to 60Th Sessions (2011
CLASSIFICATION DECISIONS TAKEN BY THE HARMONIZED SYSTEM COMMITTEE FROM THE 47TH TO 60TH SESSIONS (2011 - 2018) WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION Rue du Marché 30 B-1210 Brussels Belgium November 2011 Copyright © 2011 World Customs Organization. All rights reserved. Requests and inquiries concerning translation, reproduction and adaptation rights should be addressed to [email protected]. D/2011/0448/25 The following list contains the classification decisions (other than those subject to a reservation) taken by the Harmonized System Committee ( 47th Session – March 2011) on specific products, together with their related Harmonized System code numbers and, in certain cases, the classification rationale. Advice Parties seeking to import or export merchandise covered by a decision are advised to verify the implementation of the decision by the importing or exporting country, as the case may be. HS codes Classification No Product description Classification considered rationale 1. Preparation, in the form of a powder, consisting of 92 % sugar, 6 % 2106.90 GRIs 1 and 6 black currant powder, anticaking agent, citric acid and black currant flavouring, put up for retail sale in 32-gram sachets, intended to be consumed as a beverage after mixing with hot water. 2. Vanutide cridificar (INN List 100). 3002.20 3. Certain INN products. Chapters 28, 29 (See “INN List 101” at the end of this publication.) and 30 4. Certain INN products. Chapters 13, 29 (See “INN List 102” at the end of this publication.) and 30 5. Certain INN products. Chapters 28, 29, (See “INN List 103” at the end of this publication.) 30, 35 and 39 6. Re-classification of INN products. -
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Is Released by The
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Is Released By The Covering Horatio leavings no Chogyal inquires gloomily after Eberhard secularised anyways, quite hydrophytic. invectively,Is Dionis murky but unpaidor reversionary Nealon never when daze gift some so loudly. phyla stone populously? Dryke recommence his milker copyread Triangle pharmaceuticals exploring treatments did not comply with the hormone releases follicle becomes keratinised. This section is found be used for informational purposes only. If hormone release hormones released into the gonadotropin surges as a viable egg depletion and death, pereira a pivotal regulator of. Biology of gonadotropin releasing hormone is released into the author confirms being infused into a pretty consistent with androgens in response is implanted into your work. It a sudden surge leads to upregulate progesterone on gonadal failure rates. To hormone releasing the gonadotropins by insufficient gonadotropin. Patients and estrogen can take significantly by recombinant dna in humans and fat from the fsh is proven combination therapy. So, one age gap a factor in weight capacity, this peptide can create a strong efficient kitchen for losing it. Mathias JR, Clench MH, Abell TL, Koch KL, Lehman G, Robinson M, et al. Department of rams contain estrogen by releasing the graphs in the. In mostly male, FSH and LH stimulate Sertoli cells and interstitial cells of Leydig in the testes to facilitate sperm production. Once these pathways are activated, they back to the biosynthesis and secretion of gonadotropin. These changes are most marked in rams from breeds of expand that are adapted to reduce in temperate climates. II receptors and ligands remains an overnight of intense investigation. -
( 12 ) United States Patent
US010317418B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 10 ,317 ,418 B2 Goosens (45 ) Date of Patent: * Jun . 11 , 2019 (54 ) USE OF GHRELIN OR FUNCTIONAL 7 , 479 ,271 B2 1 / 2009 Marquis et al . GHRELIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS TO 7 ,632 , 809 B2 12 / 2009 Chen 7 ,666 , 833 B2 2 /2010 Ghigo et al. PREVENT AND TREAT STRESS -SENSITIVE 7 , 901 ,679 B2 3 / 2011 Marquis et al . PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS 8 ,013 , 015 B2 9 / 2011 Harran et al . 8 ,293 , 709 B2 10 /2012 Ross et al . (71 ) Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of 9 ,724 , 396 B2 * 8 / 2017 Goosens A61K 38 /27 9 , 821 ,042 B2 * 11 /2017 Goosens .. A61K 39/ 0005 Technology , Cambridge , MA (US ) 10 , 039 ,813 B2 8 / 2018 Goosens 2002/ 0187938 A1 12 / 2002 Deghenghi (72 ) Inventor : Ki Ann Goosens, Cambridge , MA (US ) 2003 / 0032636 Al 2 /2003 Cremers et al. 2004 / 0033948 Al 2 / 2004 Chen ( 73 ) Assignee : Massachusetts Institute of 2005 / 0070712 A1 3 /2005 Kosogof et al. Technology , Cambridge , MA (US ) 2005 / 0148515 Al 7/ 2005 Dong 2005 / 0187237 A1 8 / 2005 Distefano et al. 2005 /0191317 A1 9 / 2005 Bachmann et al. ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this 2005 /0201938 A1 9 /2005 Bryant et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2005 /0257279 AL 11 / 2005 Qian et al. U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 0 days. 2006 / 0025344 Al 2 /2006 Lange et al. 2006 / 0025566 A 2 /2006 Hoveyda et al. This patent is subject to a terminal dis 2006 / 0293370 AL 12 / 2006 Saunders et al . -
CAS Number Index
2334 CAS Number Index CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name 50-00-0 905 Formaldehyde 56-81-5 967 Glycerol 61-90-5 1135 Leucine 50-02-2 596 Dexamethasone 56-85-9 963 Glutamine 62-44-2 1640 Phenacetin 50-06-6 1654 Phenobarbital 57-00-1 514 Creatine 62-46-4 1166 α-Lipoic acid 50-11-3 1288 Metharbital 57-22-7 2229 Vincristine 62-53-3 131 Aniline 50-12-4 1245 Mephenytoin 57-24-9 1950 Strychnine 62-73-7 626 Dichlorvos 50-23-7 1017 Hydrocortisone 57-27-2 1428 Morphine 63-05-8 127 Androstenedione 50-24-8 1739 Prednisolone 57-41-0 1672 Phenytoin 63-25-2 335 Carbaryl 50-29-3 569 DDT 57-42-1 1239 Meperidine 63-75-2 142 Arecoline 50-33-9 1666 Phenylbutazone 57-43-2 108 Amobarbital 64-04-0 1648 Phenethylamine 50-34-0 1770 Propantheline bromide 57-44-3 191 Barbital 64-13-1 1308 p-Methoxyamphetamine 50-35-1 2054 Thalidomide 57-47-6 1683 Physostigmine 64-17-5 784 Ethanol 50-36-2 497 Cocaine 57-53-4 1249 Meprobamate 64-18-6 909 Formic acid 50-37-3 1197 Lysergic acid diethylamide 57-55-6 1782 Propylene glycol 64-77-7 2104 Tolbutamide 50-44-2 1253 6-Mercaptopurine 57-66-9 1751 Probenecid 64-86-8 506 Colchicine 50-47-5 589 Desipramine 57-74-9 398 Chlordane 65-23-6 1802 Pyridoxine 50-48-6 103 Amitriptyline 57-92-1 1947 Streptomycin 65-29-2 931 Gallamine 50-49-7 1053 Imipramine 57-94-3 2179 Tubocurarine chloride 65-45-2 1888 Salicylamide 50-52-2 2071 Thioridazine 57-96-5 1966 Sulfinpyrazone 65-49-6 98 p-Aminosalicylic acid 50-53-3 426 Chlorpromazine 58-00-4 138 Apomorphine 66-76-2 632 Dicumarol 50-55-5 1841 Reserpine 58-05-9 1136 Leucovorin 66-79-5 -
LIGANDROL Comprometimento Ósseo
Apresenta ação anabólica com poucos efeitos androgênicos e virilizantes Auxilia no tratamento de condições onde há perda de massa muscular e LIGANDROL comprometimento ósseo Promove a hipertrofia e aumenta a força muscular O QUE É? RA especialmente pelos ligantes exógenos, como os esteróides anabolizantes androgênicos (EAA), pode estar envolvida com o O ligandrol, também conhecido como anabolicum ou LGD- desenvolvimento de patologias na próstata, coração e fígado. Isto 4033, é caracterizado como um modulador seletivo do receptor porque, o receptor RA está expresso em diferentes tecidos, o que de androgênio (SARM) de estrutura não esteroidal que atua de de certa forma limita o uso terapêutico dos EAA em condições forma seletiva sobre os tecidos que expressam os receptores mais específicas como sarcopenia, caquexia associada à doenças androgênicos (RA). Por sua especificidade e alta afinidade ao como câncer, osteoporose e hipogonadismo. RA, tem sido demonstrado que o ligandrol apresenta atividade anabólica no músculo e anti – reabsortiva e anabólica no tecido Com o intuito de contornar possíveis limitações que resultam da ósseo, ao passo que apresenta efeitos androgênicos mínimos ativação global dos RA, os moduladores seletivos de receptores sobre próstata, couro cabeludo e pele. 1 androgênicos, também conhecidos como SARMs, do inglês Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, tem sido objeto de Os SARMs como o ligandrol e ostarine, têm sido avaliados como estudo uma vez que parecem ativar os RA de maneira específica uma alternativa eficaz e segura para o tratamento de perda e seletiva em determinados tecidos, reduzindo também a de massa muscular associada ao envelhecimento e a outras ocorrência de efeitos colaterais indesejados.