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Country Policy Analysis Country Policy Analysis Nutrition Impact of Agriculture and Food Systems Brazil November 2013 UN System Standing Committee on Nutrition country study for the second International Conference on Nutrition 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was written by Sabrina Ionata de Oliveira Granheim PGDip, MSc, International Nutrition Consultant. Critical inputs for this report and additional contributions are acknowledged from Janine Coutinho, Michele Lessa, Juliane Perini from the Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger (MDS), Oscar Suriel and Ana Carolina Feldenheimer da Silva from PAHO, the National Food and Nutrition Security Council (CONSEA) and Marzella Wüstefeld from the UNSCN Secretariat for the support and contributions in all steps of this case study. In particular, all case study participants and interviewees who have kindly contributed with their time, knowledge and views are acknowledged and their participation is highly appreciated. This report was possible thanks to the sponsorship by the German Government. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF BOXES ................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... 6 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................... 7 II. PURPOSE OF STUDY AND RESEARCH ...................................................................... 12 III. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 13 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Situation analysis ....................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 National nutrition situation ................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 Dietary transition ................................................................................................. 21 3.2.3. Agriculture and food and nutrition security situation in the country ..................... 23 3.3 Priorities in the current national nutrition policy and action plans ............................... 29 IV. METHODS..................................................................................................................... 32 V. FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................... 39 5.1 Main challenges identified for the Brazilian food system ............................................ 39 5.2 Analysis of the nutrition sensitivity of primary policies ................................................ 47 5.2.1 Overview and policy scoring ................................................................................ 47 5.2.2 National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (PNSAN) and National Food and Nutrition Security Plan 2012 – 2015 (PLANSAN) ......................................................... 49 5.2.3 National Agroecology and Organic Production Policy (PNAPO) and National Agroecology and Organic Production Plan 2013-2015 (PLANAPO) ............................. 53 5.2.4 Agriculture and Livestock Plans 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 ................................ 55 5.2.5 Harvest Plan for Family Farming 2013-2014 and Harvest Plan for Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012-2013-2014 ....................................................................................... 57 5.2.6 National Programme for Strengthening of Family Farming (PRONAF) ................ 58 5.2.7 Food Purchase Programme (PAA) ...................................................................... 61 5.2.8 National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) ..................................................... 65 5.3 Analysis of secondary policies ................................................................................... 69 5.3.1 Bolsa Familia Programme (PBF) ......................................................................... 69 5.3.2 Brazil without Extreme Poverty Plan (Brasil Sem Miséria – BSM) ....................... 70 5.5 Funding and implementation...................................................................................... 72 5.5.1 Implementation ................................................................................................... 72 5.5.2 Funding ............................................................................................................... 73 3 5.6 Policy processes and alignments ............................................................................... 75 5.6.1 Coordination mechanisms and institutional arrangements ................................... 75 5.6.2 Terminology ........................................................................................................ 78 5.7 Monitoring and evaluation and relevant indicators ..................................................... 80 VI. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 83 6.1 Impact of policies and programmes on nutrition outcomes ........................................ 84 6.2 Opportunities for future action .................................................................................... 87 VIII. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 89 IX. ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................... 93 ANNEX 1. GUIDELINE FOR THE COUNTRY CASE STUDIES ...................................... 93 ANNEX 2. LIST OF WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS (n=13) ............................................ 104 ANNEX 3. INTERVIEW GUIDE ..................................................................................... 105 ANNEX 4. ONLINE INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE (PORTUGUESE) ......................... 107 ANNEX 5. LIST OF STUDY PARTICIPANTS (N=22) .................................................... 109 ANNEX 6. POLICY SCORING CRITERIA – DETAILED ................................................ 110 4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Political map of Brazil, federation units and regions Figure 2. Evolution of nutritional status of children under 5, 1989 – 2006 Figure 3. Stunting rates in children under 5 years of age for different population group, geographical location and income group Figure 4. Nutritional status of adult and adolescents, males, 1898, 2002-3 and 2008-09 Figure 5. Nutritional status of adult and adolescents, females, 1898, 2002-3 and 2008-09 Figure 6. Evolution of consumption of food products, 1974-75 to 2002-03 Figure 7. Changes in large-scale crop production 1990-2008 Figure 8. Household food insecurity 2004 Figure 9. Household food insecurity 2009 Figure 10. Assessment framework for nutrition policies Figure 11. Results of policy scoring according to nutrition-sensitivity criteria Figure 12. Aspects discussed by the national policy documents (n=7) Figure 13. Evolution of the FNS national budget 2004 – 2010 Figure 14. Structure of SISAN LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Participation of macronutrients in the diet in metropolitan regions, determined by food purchase, 1974 to 2003. Table 2. Agribusiness export projections 2012-13 to 2022-23 Table 3. Participation of family agriculture in the production of selected food products (2006) Table 4. Criteria for assessing the nutrition-sensitivity of policies, action plans and programmes Table 5. Summary of nutrition-sensitivity of policies according to the established criteria Table 6. Nutrition-sensitivity of PNSAN and PLANSAN 2012-2015. Table 7. Nutrition-sensitivity of PNAPO and PLANAPO 2013-2015. Table 8. Nutrition-sensitivity of Agriculture and Livestock Plans 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 Table 9. Nutrition-sensitivity of Harvest Plan for Family Farming 2013-2014 and Harvest Plan for Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012-2013-2014 Table 10. Nutrition-sensitivity of PRONAF Table 11. Nutrition-sensitivity of PAA Table 12. Nutrition-sensitivity of PNAE Table 13. Distribution of FNS budget by thematic area Table 14. Terminology used in policies and strategies analyzed Table 15. Summary of indicators of DataSAN LIST OF BOXES Box 1. Ways to enhance nutrition-sensitivity of programmes Box 2. Convergence in Policy Formulation and Planning Policy Box 3. Responsibilities of nutritionists in PNAE 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS ANVISA National Health Surveillance Agency ASBRAN Brazilian Nutrition Society CAISAN Interministerial Chamber on Food and Nutrition Security CGAN General Coordination for Food and Nutrition CNSAN National Conference on Food and Nutrition Security CONAB National Food Supply Company CONSEA National Council for Food and Nutrition Security EBIA Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FNS Food and Nutrition Security FNDE National Fund for the Development of Education GDP Gross Domestic Product IBASE Brazilian Institute of Social and Economic Analysis IBGE National Institute of Geography and Statistics IDEC Brazilian Institute for Consumer Defense IPEA Institute for
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