Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
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Bull. Min. Res. Exp. (2016) 153:63-90 153 BULLETIN OF THE MINERAL RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION Foreign Edition 2016 153 ISSN : 0026 - 4563 Bulletin of the Mineral AND EXPLORATION RESEARCH MINERAL BULLETIN OF THE BULLETIN OF CONTENTS Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary Geology/Stratigraphy of Pertek and Its Vicinity (Tunceli, Turkey) ............................................................................................................................Erdal İ. HERECE, Şükrü ACAR/ Research Article 1 Tectonic Deformations in the Quaternary Deposits of the Lake Van (Edremit Bay), Eastern Anatolia, Turkey .............................. Selim ÖZALP, B. Serkan AYDEMİR, Şeyda OLGUN, Barbaros ŞİMŞEK, Hasan ELMACI, Murat EVREN, 45 Ömer EMRE, M. Burak AYDIN, Oktar KURTULUŞ, Füsun ÖCAL, Aslı Z. CAN, Mehmet N. YANMAZ, Ramazan APA, Tamer Y. DUMAN/Research Article Diagenetic History of the Rock Units of Bozkır Unit Controlled by the Triassic Rifting, Bozkır-Konya ..............................................................................................Hüseyin YALÇIN, Ömer BOZKAYA, Mine TAKÇI/Research Article 63 Trace Fossils from Submarine Fan and Basin Plain Deposits of the Late Eocene Ceylan Formation, Gelibolu Peninsula (SW Thrace) ................................................................................................................ Huriye DEMİRCAN, Alfred UCHMAN/Research Article 91 Ostracod Fauna and Environmental Characteristics of Köprüköy / Erzurum (East Anatolia) Region Research and Exploration ................................................................................................................................. Ümit ŞAFAK, Meral KAYA / Research Article 113 Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Kocadal (Torul, Gümüşhane, Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey) Zn-Pb-Ag, Au And Cu Mineralizations ....................................İsmail CİHAN, Levent TOSUN, Özcan DUMANLILAR, İsmet CENGİZ, Taner ÜNLÜ/Research Article 139 Spatial Cluster and Outlier Identification of Geochemical Association of Elements: A Case Study in Juirui Copper Mining Area .......................................... Tien Thanh NGUYEN, Danh Tuyen VU, Le Hung TRINH, Thi Le Hang NGUYEN/Research Article 159 Investigation of the Water Resources in Köprüören Basin (Kütahya) wıth Environmental Isotopes ...................................................................................................................................................Şebnem ARSLAN/Research Article 169 Investigation of the Seismic Velocity Distribution and Crustal Structure of Turkey by means of Gravity Data ................................................................................................................................................................Uğur AKIN/Review Article 185 Geophysical Regional Gravity Map of Turkey and Its General Assessment .......................................................................................................................................................Selim ARSLAN / Review Article 203 Proposals for the Standard Presentation of Elements of Natural and Cultural Heritage Within the Scope of Geopark Projects .........................................................................................................................Yahya ÇİFTÇİ, Yıldırım GÜNGÖR/ Review Article 223 Phone : 0 (312) 201 10 00 2016 http://bulletin.mta.gov.tr Fax : 0 (312) 287 91 88 Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................................................................239 Adress : MTA 06520 - Ankara - TURKEY Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Notes To The Authors ...................................................................................................241 DIAGENETIC HISTORY OF THE ROCK UNITS OF BOZKIR UNIT CONTROLLED BY THE TRIASSIC RIFTING, BOZKIR-KONYA Hüseyin YALÇINa*, Ömer BOZKAYAb and Mine TAKÇIc aCumhuriyet University, Dept. of Geol. Eng., 58140 Sivas, Turkey bPamukkale University, Dept. of Geol. Eng., 20070 Denizli, Turkey cCumhuriyet University, Graduate School of Sciences, 58140 Sivas, Turkey Research Article Keywords: ABSTRACT Taurus Belt, Extensional The Bozkır Unit representing the northern edge of the Taurus Belt comprises, from bottom to top, three distinct basin, Phyllosilicate, structural entities; the Upper Triassic pre-rift (Korualan Group), the Upper Triassic-Upper Cretaceous syn-rift Mineralogy and (Huğlu Group) and the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boyalı Tepe Group as to their structural settings. The Korualan Group Geochemistry is represented by the alternations of carbonate (limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite) with radiolarite and chert intercalations and clastic rocks (sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, shale). The Huğlu Group is made up of volcanic (basalt, andesite) and pyroclastic (tuffaceous sandstone) rocks including radiolarite, limestone and clastic rock (sandstone, siltstone, shale) intercalations. The Boyalı Tepe Group is completely made of carbonate rocks. The carbonate-silisiclastic-volcanogenic rocks of the Bozkır Unit contain carbonate (calcite, dolomite), quartz, feldspar (plagioclase, anorthoclase), phyllosilicate (illite, chlorite, mixed-layered illite-chlorite / I-C, chlorite-vermiculite / C-V, chlorite-smectite / C-S, rare smectite), augite, hematite, analcime and heulandite in order of abundance. On the basis of illite Kübler Index data; Korualan and Huğlu Group reflect low grade diagenetic, high grade diagenetic and high grade diagenetic-anchizonal characteristics, respectively. The illite/micas of the pre-rift units and units related to the rifting have muscovitic, and phengitic and seladonitic compositions, respectively. The distributions of chondrite- normalized trace and rare earth element (REE) contents in illites present similar trends for Korualan ve Huğlu groups, but the quantities of these elements slightly increase in the Huğlu Group. δ18O–δD isotopic compositions of water forming the illite minerals are different than that of sea water and are found to be between the Eastern Mediterranean Meteoric Water (EMMW) and magmatic water compositions. It also shows that temperature of the water forming illite minerals varies from low to high values. The findings from the rocks of Bozkır Unit suggest that pre- and syn-rift units have different mineralogical-petrographic and geochemical properties. The younger units Received: 05.02.2016 within the rift due to extension and crustal thinning related to rifting must have been exposed in higher diagenetic Accepted: 29.03.2016 conditions by more burial and heat with respect to older units on the edges. 1. Introduction related to rifting and the following inversion has significantly influenced the diagenetic/metamorphic In diagenetic-low grade metamorphic rocks, evolution of the rocks with detailed mineralogical- the mineralogical parameters such as; the mineral petrographic studies carried out successively in Triassic assemblages, illite crystallinity, b cell dimension (Antalya Unit) and Eocene (Maden Group) diagenetic/ of white K-micas, phyllosilicate polytypes and etc. metamorphic deposits in western Taurus and the (Bozkaya and Yalçın, 1996) are extensively used in southeastern Anatolian regions (For example; Bozkaya world literature for the last 30 years at an increasing rate et al., 2006b; Bozkaya and Yalçın, 2010). in order to establish the geological evolution of related rocks (Frey, 1987; Liou et al., 1987; Merriman and The Bozkır Unit, which consists of rock block and Frey, 1999; Merriman and Peacor, 1999). The studies, slices in different dimensions and appear as mélange which are about autochthonous and allochthonous units deposited between Triassic-Cretaceous time intervals, especially in Taurus belt in our country (Bozkaya and forms the northernmost unit of the Taurus Belt (Özgül, Yalçın, 1997a, 1997b, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2010; 1997, Alan et al., 2014). It also comprises sedimentary Bozkaya et al., 2002, 2006a) provided significant and volcanic rocks related with the Triassic rifting contributions for the interpretation of tectono- similar to the Alakırçay Nappe of the Antalya Unit. stratigraphic units. Besides; the opening/extension The Triassic rifting restricting the northern (Bozkır * Corresponding Author: Hüseyin YALÇIN [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.19111/bfmre.266051 63 Diagenesis of Bozkır Unit Unit) and southern (Antalya Unit) edges of the Taurus Geyik Dağı units mainly comprise shelf type clastic Platform is an important geological event in terms and carbonated rocks, and they are all overlain by of the evolution of the northwest Gondwana and allochthonous units of the Geyik Dağı Unit which is represents the opening of the northern and southern relatively autochthonous (Özgül, 1976). Considering branches of the Neotethys and the beginning of the the stratigraphic and relative structural settings of the Alpine cycle (Göncüoğlu, 2010). tectono-stratigraphic units of the Central Taurus, it is adopted that; all units formed a single platform a couple In this study, it was aimed at investigating the of thousand kilometers wide at the end of Cambrian- detailed mineralogical and geochemical characteristics Early Triassic (Scythian) interval (Özgül, 1997). At the of Triassic-Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks beginning of Anisian; this platform entered the rifting of the Bozkır Unit in Bozkır-Hadim (Konya) region and re-rifting processes at sections corresponding to the where the most typical outcrops