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Cahiers Du Monde Russe, 47/4 | 2006 [Online], Online Since 23 November 2007, Connection on 06 October 2020 Cahiers du monde russe Russie - Empire russe - Union soviétique et États indépendants 47/4 | 2006 Varia Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/4522 DOI: 10.4000/monderusse.4522 ISSN: 1777-5388 Publisher Éditions de l’EHESS Printed version Date of publication: 30 December 2006 ISBN: 978-2-7132-2098-2 ISSN: 1252-6576 Electronic reference Cahiers du monde russe, 47/4 | 2006 [Online], Online since 23 November 2007, connection on 06 October 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/4522 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ monderusse.4522 This text was automatically generated on 6 October 2020. 2011 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Articles les fêtes révolutionnaires russes entre 1917 et 1920 Des pratiques multiples et une matrice commune Emilia Koustova Torgsin : Zoloto dlja industrializacii Elena OSOKINA Administrer la religion en URSS Le cas de la Biélorussie et de la Lituanie AlÉna Lapatniova Sources et ouvrages de référence Quelques livres importants ou utiles sur l’histoire de la Russie ancienne Parutions 2004-2006 André Berelowitch • • • Comptes rendus • • • Russie ancienne et impériale S. N. Kisterev, éd., Očerki feodal´noj Rossii Anna Joukovskaïa [Meletij Smotryc´kyj], Rus´ Restored Михаил Дмитриев - Mihail Dmitriev Alessandra Tosi, Waiting for Pushkin Rodolphe Baudin Z. I. Peregudova, « Ohranka » Benjamin Guichard De la fin de l’Ancien Régime à la guerre civile Leopold H. Haimson, Russia’s Revolutionary Experience, 1905-1917 Jean-Paul Depretto Cahiers du monde russe, 47/4 | 2006 2 John W. Steinberg, Bruce W. Menning, David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David Wolff, Shinji Yokote, eds., The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective Dany Savelli Peter Gatrell, Russia’s First World War Alexandre Sumpf Reinhard Nachtigal, Kriegsgefangenschaft an der Ostfront 1914 bis 1918 Christian Ingrao Žanna Kormina, Provody v armiju v poreformennoj Rossii Françoise Daucé Hyacinthe Destivelle, Le concile de Moscou (1917-1918) Jutta SCHERRER Simona Merlo, All’ombra delle cupole d’oro Laura Pettinaroli Vincent Burnett, The Russian Revolutionary Economy, 1890-1940 Alessandro Stanziani Période soviétique et postsoviétique Instituty upravlenija kul´turoj v period stanovlenija : 1917-1930-e gg Alexandre Sumpf Elizabeth A. Wood, Performing Justice François-Xavier Nérard Lynn Mally, Revolutionary Acts | Julie A. Cassiday, The Enemy on Trial | Elizabeth A. Wood. Performing Justice Alexandre Sumpf Svetlana Malyševa, Sovetskaja prazdničnaja kul´tura v provincii Emilia Koustova Marie-Christine Autant-Mathieu, éd., Le Théâtre d’Art de Moscou Gaïané Spach N. S. Troubetzkoy, Correspondance avec Roman Jakobson et autres écrits Catherine Depretto Dorena Caroli, Ideali, ideologie et modelli formativi Alessandro Stanziani Diane P. Koenker, Republic of Labor Jean-Paul Depretto Christina Kiaer, Eric Naiman, eds., Everyday Life in Early Soviet Russia François-Xavier Nérard Pavel Chinsky, Micro-histoire de la Grande Terreur Alain Blum Nicolas Werth, L’île aux cannibales Alain Blum Josette Bouvard, Le métro de Moscou Dietmar Neutatz Cahiers du monde russe, 47/4 | 2006 3 Kevin Platt, David Brandenberger, eds., Epic Revisionism Georges Nivat Une arme visuelle : le photomontage soviétique, 1917-1953 Alexandre Sumpf Jochen Hellbeck, Revolution on my Mind Malte Griesse Ben Shepherd, War in the Wild East Christian Ingrao Natal´ja Viktorovna Suržikova, Inostrannye voennoplennye Vtoroj mirovoj vojny na Srednem Urale Vanessa Voisin Juliane Fürst, ed., Late Stalinist Russia Nathalie Moine Mihail Panteleev, Agenty Kominterna Jean-François Fayet G. N. Sevost´janov, éd., Sovetsko-amerikanskie otnošenija Andreï Kozovoï À la recherche du kolkhozien perdu Travaux russes récents sur la paysannerie après la collectivisation Jean Lévesque Polly Jones, ed., The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization Larissa Zakharova Thomas C. Wolfe, Governing Socialist Journalism Kristin Roth-Ey S. V. Žuravlev et al., Avtovaz, meždu prošlym i buduščim Cécile Lefèvre and Yves Cohen Christopher Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin, The World Was Going Our Way Andreï Kozovoï Michele Rivkin-Fish, Women’s Health in Post-Soviet Russia Sophie Hohmann V. Kurennyj, éd., Mysljaščaja Rossija Myriam Désert Identités nationales. Empires. Régions Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, Russian Identities John Keep Marlène Laruelle, Mythe aryen et rêve impérial dans la Russie du XIXe siècle David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye Robert D. Crews, For Prophet and Tsar Juliette Cadiot W. N. Basilow, Sibirische Schamanen Roberte N. Hamayon Cahiers du monde russe, 47/4 | 2006 4 Ekaterina Pravilova, Finansy imperii Alessandro Stanziani Oleg Kutafin, Rossijskaja avtonomija Françoise Daucé O. B. Budnickij, éd., Arhiv evrejskoj istorii Boris Czerny Theodore R. Weeks, From Assimilation to Antisemitism Catherine Gousseff L. S. Gatalova, L. P. Košeleva, L. A. Rogovaja, CK RKP (b)–VKP (b) i nacional´nyj vopros Isabelle Ohayon Geoffrey Hosking, Rulers and Victims Gregory Dufaud Laada Bilaniuk, Contested Tongues Alexandra Goujon Olaf Mertelsmann, éd., Vom Hitler-Stalin-Pakt bis zu Stalins Tod Masha Cerovic Olaf Mertelsmann, Der stalinistische Umbau in Estland David Feest Isabelle Ohayon, La sédentarisation des Kazakhs dans l’URSS de Staline Marco Buttino Edward Schatz, Modern Clan Politics Isabelle Ohayon Natal´ja Kosmarskaja, « Deti imperii » v postsovetskoj Central´noj Azii Marlène Laruelle Habiba Fathi, Femmes d’autorité dans l’Asie centrale contemporaine Stéphane A. Dudoignon Jonathan Wheatley, Georgia from National Awaking to Rose Revolution Silvia Serrano Thomas Parland, The Extreme Nationalist Threat in Russia Marlène Laruelle Ouvrages généraux Nikolaj Koposov, Hvatit ubivat´ košek ! Tamara Kondratieva Cahiers du monde russe, 47/4 | 2006 5 Articles Cahiers du monde russe, 47/4 | 2006 6 les fêtes révolutionnaires russes entre 1917 et 1920 Des pratiques multiples et une matrice commune Emilia Koustova 1 Notre connaissance des fêtes révolutionnaires russes vient le plus souvent des images fortes passées à la postérité, images souvent marquées par la présence et l’engagement des grands artistes de l’avant-garde. Il n’est alors pas surprenant que ces expériences artistiques, d’autant plus remarquables qu’elles sont en décalage tout en étant profondément liées au contexte de la guerre civile, ont attiré l’essentiel de l’attention des chercheurs, orientant leurs approches et leurs intérêts. Elles sont ainsi au centre de l’étude passionnante que James von Geldern a consacrée aux célébrations révolutionnaires russes de 1917 à 19201. Qu’il s’agisse des arts plastiques qui cherchèrent à investir les rues à travers la décoration festive, ou du théâtre qui tenta de rompre avec les limites de la rampe pour atteindre une fusion entre l’art et la vie dans les mises en scène de masse, organisées notamment à Petrograd à la fin de la guerre civile, ces expériences fournissent aux historiens un riche matériel permettant entre autre de reconstituer la « mythologie révolutionnaire », faite des visions nouvelles de l’histoire, de l’espace et de la société humaine2. 2 Cependant, ces épisodes ne sont qu’une dimension de la fête révolutionnaire, celle de ses splendeurs, concentrées voire limitées à Petrograd, à Moscou et à quelques autres villes, comme Vitebsk ou Kazan. À côté, et même le plus souvent en lieu et place, une autre dimension existait et de loin dominait, celle de la fête « ordinaire », avec ses bricolages et ses misères, ses trouvailles et ses échecs. 3 C’est ce « quotidien » des célébrations de la Révolution russe -- quotidien prépondérant mais si souvent oublié de l’historiographie -- qui constitue l’objet de cet article. Faut-il parler des fêtes au plurielou bien évoquer des balbutiements et expériences qui seront peu à peu fondus en un modèle unique, expression ou fruit d’une politique déterminée de célébrations et commémorations ? Sans cette question qui est au cœur de notre analyse, il serait difficile, voire impossible, de dresser un tableau, même mosaïque, qui ait une ambition synthétique et, d’autre part, de concevoir son articulation avec les célébrations « exceptionnelles » évoquées ci-dessous. À l’instar de Mona Ozouf qui Cahiers du monde russe, 47/4 | 2006 7 posait cette question à propos des célébrations de la Révolution française, nous montrerons que ces fêtes constituaient un kaléïdoscope de mises en scène de pratiques qui prenaient le plus souvent leurs sources dans la tradition révolutionnaire et ouvrière, mais exprimaient aussi de façon très riche les incertitudes des acteurs qui mettaient en œuvre ces rituels, acteurs tiraillés entre cet héritage révolutionnaire et leur souhait de faire de la fête l’expression unanime de l’adhésion au nouveau pouvoir, leurs propres représentations et celles des participants aux célébrations. Parallèlement, nous découvrirons avant même toute politique d’harmonisation ou tout simplement, avant toute « politique festive », une relative homogénéité de formes et d’instruments festifs à l’échelle de la Russie toute entière, y compris les villes qui se distinguèrent par des mises en scène spectaculaires ou des programmes festifs particulièrement ambitieux et novateurs. 4 Cette matrice -- qui nous permettra de parler de la « fête révolutionnaire » à l’échelle de la Russie soviétique dans les années de la Révolution et de la guerre civile -- s’articulait autour de la manifestation et du meeting, avec éventuellement, un rajout de quelques autres éléments, notamment des « distractions » (spectacles, concerts). Selon un programmede base, l’entrée dans la fête commençait la veille au soir par des meetings
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