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Habitat Distribution Modeling for Reintroduction and Conservation of Aristolochia Indica L

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Habitat Distribution Modeling for Reintroduction and Conservation of Aristolochia Indica L OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Habitat distribution modeling for reintroduction and conservation of Aristolochia indica L. - a threatened medicinal plant in Assam, India Bhaskar Sarma, Prantk Sharma Baruah & Bhaben Tant 26 October 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 11 | Pages: 12531-12537 10.11609/jot.3600.10.11.12531-12537 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Publisher & Host Partners Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2018 | 10(11): 12531–12537 Habitat distribution modeling for reintroduction and conservation of Aristolochia indica L. - a threatened Communication medicinal plant in Assam, India ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Bhaskar Sarma 1 , Prantk Sharma Baruah 2 & Bhaben Tant 3 OPEN ACCESS 1 Department of Botany, Anundoram Borooah Academy Degree College, Pathsala, District- Barpeta, Assam 781325, India 2,3 Department of Botany, Gauhat University, Guwahat, Assam 781014, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: A detailed study on the regeneraton ecology of Aristolochia indica L. was carried out to prevent this threatened medicinal plant from its future extrpaton in Assam, India. The populaton stock of the species has been depletng fast in its natural habitats as a consequence of certain factors such as habitat fragmentaton, over-exploitaton due to its high medicinal propertes, and other anthropogenic actvites. For improving the conservaton status of the species, potental area and habitat for its reintroducton were predicted using Maximum Entropy distributon modelling algorithm. The model was developed using environmental parameters and locality data in the natural range of Karbi Anglong District of Assam, India. The model predicted that the suitable habitats for the reintroducton of A. indica L. were restricted to parts of Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh which have been identfed to ofer suitable environmental conditons for persistence of the species. Populaton status was positvely correlated with higher model thresholds in the undisturbed habitats confrming the usefulness of the habitat model in populaton monitoring, partcularly in predictng the successful establishment of the species. Keywords: Aristolochia indica, Assam, conservaton, habitat distributon modelling, India, MaxEnt, NDVI, reintroducton, threatened. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3600.10.11.12531-12537 Editor: K. Haridasan, Palakkad, Kerala, India. Date of publicaton: 26 October 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3600 | Received 24 June 2017 | Final received 12 September 2018 | Finally accepted 08 October 2018 Citation: Sarma, B., P.S. Baruah & B. Tanti (2018). Habitat distribution modeling for reintroduction and conservation of Aristolochia indica L. - a threatened medicinal plant in Assam, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(11): 12531–12537; https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3600.10.11.12531-12537 Copyright: © Sarma et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: None. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author Details: Bhaskar Sarma, Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Anundoram Borooah Academy Degree College, whose interest in cytogenetcs, plant breeding, molecular biology and ecological modeling. Prantik Sharma Baruah, research scholar, Department of Botany, Gauhat University. His research interest in cytogenetcs, plant tssue culture and ecological modeling. Bhaben Tanti, Professor, Department of Botany, Gauhat University. His research interest in cytogenetcs, plant breeding, molecular biology and stress physiology. Author Contributon: BS carried out the survey and executon of experiments. PSB prepared the manuscript. BT conceived and designed the experiment and critcally analyzed the data. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript. 12531 Reintroducton and conservaton of Aristolochia Indica Sarma et al. INTRODUCTION geographic space across diferent tme periods. This has made it possible to prepare species distributon maps Rapidly changing climate, habitat fragmentaton with a high level of statstcal confdence and to identfy & loss, invasion of alien species & pathogens, over- areas suitable for reintroducton of threatened species exploitaton, and rapid urbanizaton are the most (Irfan-Ullah et al. 2006; Martnez-Meyer et al. 2006; important factors responsible for ecosystem degradaton Kumar & Stohlgren 2009; Ray et al. 2011; Sarma et al. worldwide that alter the structural and functonal 2015; Sarma & Tant 2017). integrity of ecosystems (Barnosky et al. 2011; Baruah Identfcaton of suitable habitats for the et al. 2016). In additon to these, rising temperatures reintroducton of species is the next logical step in species and rapid economic development, and can potentally conservaton efort. Therefore, the present work was afect ecosystems, rapidly disassemble communites, undertaken to model the potental habitat distributon and negatvely impact natve biodiversity (Sanders et of Aristolochia indica L., a threatened medicinal plant al. 2003; Lin et al. 2007; Thuiller et al. 2007; Kelly & species in northeastern India, in its natve range. Goulden 2008; Walther 2009). Such alteratons have brought approximately one-ffh of plant species to the brink of extncton (Brummit & Bachman 2010). Species MATERIALS AND METHODS (re)introducton is one of the successful ecological engineering techniques for the restoraton of depleted Plant materials species populatons and degraded habitats &ecosystems Aristolochia indica L. is a climber which belongs to (Leaper et al. 1999; Martnez-Meyer et al. 2006; the family Aristolochiaceae. The plant is a shrubby or Kuzovkina & Volk 2009; Ren et al. 2009; Rodríguez-Salinas herbaceous vine with a woody rootstock (Kanjilal et et al. 2010; Polak & Saltz 2011). In order to reintroduce al. 2009). The leaves are glabrous, variable, usually and rehabilitate the threatened species in terrestrial obovate-oblong to sub-pendurate entre with undulate ecosystems, a detailed knowledge on the distributon of at the margins, cordate acuminate at the base. Flowers their potental habitats is essental. Habitat distributon few, in axillary racemes with a perianth upto 4 cm long modeling, therefore, helps to identfy the areas for having a glabrum pale green infated (Das et al. 2010). species reserves & reintroducton, and in developing It is mostly distributed along tropical, subtropical, and efectve species conservaton measures. Habitat Mediterranean regions of the world(Sarma & Tant 2015; distributon modeling is a computer-based tool which Neinhuis et al.2005; Wanke et al. 2007).The plant is used uses algorithms to relate known occurrences of a species to treat cholera, intermitent fever, bowel troubles, across landscapes to digital raster geographic informaton ulcers, leprosy, and poisonous bites (Krishnarajuet system (GIS) coverage summarizing environmental al.2005; Kanjilalet al.2009). It is also used for its variaton across the landscapes to develop a quanttatve emmenagogue, abortfacient, antneoplastc, antseptc, picture of the ecological distributon of the species. New ant-infammatory, and antbacterial propertes (Achari insights into the factors governing the distributon of et al. 1981; Das et al. 2010). species have been developed using habitat distributon modeling or ecological niche modeling (ENM) (Guisan & Habitat distributon modeling Zimmermann 2000; Elith et al. 2006; Kozak et al. 2008). Sixteen primary distributonal records of the The technique of ENM uses computer algorithms that species were collected through feld surveys. The predict species distributon in a geographic space based coordinates of all the occurrence points were recorded on the mathematcal representaton of the ecological to an accuracy of 10–40 m using a Global Positoning niche of the species. ENM considers environmental System (GarminEdge-1000). The coordinates were then factors such as temperature, precipitaton, soil, converted to decimal degrees for use in modeling the vegetaton & land cover as ecological conditons and uses distributon of potental habitats of the species in its the dataset from GIS databases such as www.worldclim. natve range. Over the years, a variety of environmental org &www.diva-gis.org. Availability of high-resoluton datasets have accumulated in public domain websites, satellite imageries, downscaling
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