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Pharmaceutical Sciences IAJPS 2015, Volume2 (6), 1082-1089 M.Chandran ISSN 2349-7750 ISSN : 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Avalable online at: http://www.iajps.com Research Article FT-IR ANALYSIS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF ARISTOLOCHIA INDICA Dr.M.Chandran Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore-632 115. Abstract: The Aristolochia indica is called as Eswara mooli, Thalaisuruli,Tharasu kodi, Urikodi thalai and perumarunthu in Tamil language.This plant is mainly used as antidote for all types of unknown poisonous animals bite and to cure foot-and-mouth disease caused by viral infection (komarinoi) in cow. The leaf garlands are prepared from this plant and wear to in the neck of cow. Hence, the present study the FT-IR analysis was made to evaluate the bioactive phytocompounds present in the methanol extract of leaf of Aristolochia indica. The obtained results showed that the fraction-I of the methanol extract of leaves showed napthalenes, 1, 2, 3.4- tetrasubst benzenes, siloxanes, primary amides, pyridine derivatives, anhydrides, phosphines, aliphatic compounds, aromatic amines, primary amines and ides, alcohol and phenols and fraction –II showedacid chlorides, naphthalenes, iodo compounds, alkynes, chloro compounds, siloxanes, esters and lactones, sulfonyl chlorides, carboxylic acids, Pyridine derivatives, carboxylic acids, substituted benzene ring, phosphines, aliphatic compounds, alcohol and phenols. Key words: FT-IR, Aristolochia indica, foot-and-mouth disease, perumarunthu, Eswara mooli, antitode. Corresponding author: Dr. M.Chandran, QR code Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu,Vellore-632 115. [email protected] Please cite this article in press M.Chandran et al, FT-IR ., Analysis Of Methanol Extract Of Leaves Of Aristolochia Indica., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2015;2(6). www.iajps.com Page 1082 IAJPS 2015, Volume2 (6), 1082-1089 M.Chandran ISSN 2349-7750 INTRODUCTION: Traditional medicine is still recognized as the Name in various languages preferred primary health care system in many Bengali : Isarmul, English : Indian Birthwort, communities, with over 60% of the world’s Gujarati : Arkmula, Ruhimula, Hindi : Isharmul, population and about 80% in developing countries Malayalam: Kadalivegam, Karanavalli, Karalakam, depending directly on medicinal plants for their Karalayam, Kudukkamooli,Garudakodi, medical purposes (Shestha, 2003). Modern medicine Urikizhangu, Eswaramullu, Garalavegam, today utilizes active compounds isolated from higher Iswaramuli, Perumarunna, Kannada: Isvaberusa , plants, and about 80% of these active ingredients Marathi: Sampsun, Tamil : Adagam, Isadesatti, Isura, indicate a positive correlation between their modern Isuraver, Karudakkodi, Perumarindu, Telugu : therapeutic use and the traditional uses (Sarkar, Dulagovela, Eswaramulli, Ettakalabanda, Govila, Isv 2015). Hence, in the present study has programed to ara Tulu : Isaraberu Sanskrit : Ahigandha, Arkamula, evaluate the bioactive phytocompounds present in the Ishvara, Nakuli, Sunanda methanol extract of leaves of Aristolochia indica. The results obtained from these studies showed the Description phytocompounds napthalenes, 1, 2, 3.4- tetrasubst Aristolochia indica is a shrub or perennial, twining benzenes, siloxanes, primary amides, pyridine and semi woody herb. This plant has branchlets derivatives, anhydrides, phosphines, aliphatic slender, simple with alternate leaves and the size compounds, aromatic amines, primary amines and ranges from 10- ides, alcohol and phenols in fraction-I. The acid 12.5 breadth and 3.8 to 10 lengths. The shape of the chlorides, naphthalenes, iodo compounds, alkynes, leaves are from linear oblong to obovate, oblong or chloro compounds, siloxanes, esters and lactones, sub-panduri form, usually obtusely acuminate, sulfonyl chlorides, carboxylic acids, Pyridine glabrous, entirely undulate margines, base cuneata, derivatives, carboxylic acids, substituted benzene rounded, subtruncate or subcordate. The young ring, phosphines, aliphatic compounds, alcohol and leaves are in light purplish colour. The petioles are phenolsin fraction-II. short with 2.5cm long. The flowers are few, racemes and positioned in axillary or terminal region. Bracts MATERIALS AND METHOD: has 1.5 mm long with lanceolate. Perianth tube is dull The fresh leaves of Aristolochia indica were procured brown in colour with 1-1.5 cm long and green 3.5 from Vallimalai hills, Vellore District, Tamilnadu. mm bulbous base. Limb is 2-2.5 cm long, linear- The plant herbarium was authenticated by Dr. oblong, rounded at apex, greyish-green. Stamens are Rajendran, Associate Professor, Department of in 6 numbers. The ovary is 2 mm long with 6 fleshy Botany, Thiagarjaor College, Madurai, Tamilnadu. stigmas. Capsule is one-lipped, greenish-purple These leaves were meticulously cleaned with colour, 1.5-3 x 1.5-2 cm, globose- pyriform, 6-ridged autoclaved water. The leaves were then left to dry and dehiscing from the base. The shape of the under shade. Then the leaves were smashed by a capsule after dehiscence is parachute-like. Flowering mixer grinder. The smashed leaf powders were period is from December to February. The seeds are packed inside the thimble of Soxhlet apparatus. The deltoid-ovate, acute, flat, winged required amount of methanol was filled inside the bottom flask. The temperature of the heater was set Distribution based on the solvent temperature. The extract flow The family Aristolochiaceae is distributed worldwide from the condensation chamber through siphon was particularly in India, China, Srilanka, Afghanistan, collected in a conical flask and then air dried up to Pakistan, Bunglaesh, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, complete evaporation of solvents. Then the dried Yemen and Malaysia. This plant is found in low hills, extract was taken to FT-IR analysis plains of India, Nepal and from lower Bengal to Chittagong in Bangladesh and in Coromondal Coast. Biology of the study plant Aristolochia Indica Classification Kingdom: Viridiplantae The plant Aristolochia indica is a rare endangered Phylum: Streptophyta plant belongs to family Aristolochiaceae. This family Division: Magnoliophyta consists around 300 species. This plant is a native of Order:Piperales India and commonly known as Iswar mul and also Family:Aristolochiaceae named as birthwort, because of its traditional use in Genus:Aristolochia preventing the postpartum infection and snakeroot Species:A. indica because of its use against snakebite. www.iajps.com Page 1083 IAJPS 2015, Volume2 (6), 1082-1089 M.Chandran ISSN 2349-7750 camphor,15 sitosterol and stigmast-4-en-3-one, Chemical Constituents Alkaloides Aristolochic acid, Aristolochic acid D me ether lact Aristolochine. am (R=H, R1= OAristolocheneMe), Aristolactam-β- Lactones D glucoside (R=Glu, R1= H), Aristolactone, Aristololide. Aristolochene, Ishwarol, 5β-H, 7 β, 10α-Selina- 4(14),11-diene, Ishwarane (R= H),Iswarane (R= Quinones O),New Phenanthrene Derivatives such as R,RII = H, Aristolindiquinone. R1= OH, R,RII = H,R1= NH2, R=H, RI1= OMe , R=NO2, R1= Me and RII = H. Sesquiterpenes Medicinal uses 5β –H, 7β, 10α- selina-4(14), II-diene, (12S) - 7, 12- The plant Aristolochia indica is well documented in Secoishwaran -12-01, ancient Ayurveda and Unani system of medicine to treat different ailments. The root of this plant is used 6 ishwarol, 7 ishwarone; ishwarane; aristolochene,9 to cure the inflammations, biliousness, and dry ishwarene, selina-4(14), 11- diene. cough. The root and leaf of this plant used as a Terpenes specific antidote for cobra poisoning. It is also Mono- and sesquiterpenes including linalool, β- reported to be a stimulant, and used as a good caryophyllene, a-humulene, ishwarone, aryophyllene medicine for bronchial asthma, high blood pressure, oxide, ishwarol, ishwarane and aristolochene, and a- remedy for troublesome gas problem in the stomach terpinolene. dropsy and loss of appetite, diarrhoea and intermittent fever. Others Ceryl alcohol, allantoin, p-coumaric acid/o d- Fig -1.Plant Aristolochia indica with leaves Fig-2.Dry fruits of Aristolochia indica RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: comprising more than 800 species, most of them The plant selected for the present study, Aristolochia twining lians, and is widely distributed in tropical and indica L. is known by different vernacular name in subtropical regions almost all over the world different languages viz Ishwar balli (Kannada), (Gonzalez, 1999 and Nortier et al., 2000 ). This plant Indian Birthwort (English), Isharmul (Hindi), Ishwari has rich amount of medicinally important bioactive (Sanskrit). Aristolochia indica is a large genus compound aristolochic acid (AA) and is used to treat www.iajps.com Page 1084 IAJPS 2015, Volume2 (6), 1082-1089 M.Chandran ISSN 2349-7750 cholera, fever, bowel troubles, ulcers, leprosy, diseases, as an aphrodisiac, an anthelmintic and poisonous bites (Kanjilal et al., 2009) and also used oedema, intestinal disorders (Michael Heinrich et al., as emmenagogue, abortifacient, antineoplastic, 2009) fungal and bacterial infections(Shafi et antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, al.,2002 and Kumar et al.,2006). The fraction I of antioxidant and phospholipase A2 inhibitor (Achari methanol leaf extract of Aristolochia indica indicated et al., 1983 and Chopra et al., 2006). In Ayurveda, the presence of functional groups related to the leaves and roots are used for treatment of fever, napthalenes, 1, 2, 3.4- tetrasubst benzenes, siloxanes, insect
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