DOCSLIB.ORG

Diversity and Habitat Selection of Papilionidae in a Protected Forest Reserve in Assam, Northeast India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diversity and Habitat Selection of Papilionidae in a Protected Forest Reserve in Assam, Northeast India Diversity and Habitat Selection of Papilionidae in a Protected Forest Reserve in Assam, Northeast India Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen vorgelegt von Kamini Kusum Barua aus Assam, Nord-Ost Indien Göttingen 2007 D7 Referent: Prof. Dr. Michael Mühlenberg Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Rainer Willmann Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 23.01.2008 SUMMARY ZUSAMMENFASSUNG EXTENDED SUMMARY The Eastern Himalayas covering entire Northeast India is located at the confluence of the Oriental and Palaearctic realms and exhibits a high level of endemism in the flora and fauna. The region has a high diversity of butterflies as reported from the first documentation on the butterfly fauna of this region. However there has hardly been any focus on research studies for butterflies in this biodiversity rich zone. The butterfly family Papilionidae is associated with pristine forests and their abundance is directly associated with loss of forest cover due to logging and human disturbance. A review of the past records of Papilionidae from this region and comparison with recent checklists have brought into the limelight, some important questions pertaining to the probable extinction of many species and the need for further monitoring of some of the still existing species. There are also several Eastern Himalaya endemic Papilionidae at sub-species level and we need to investigate their status and distribution at both regional and local levels. The habitat association by forest type and distribution pattern, seasonal abundance, correlation between mean abundance and geographic range and the feeding guild and indicator properties of swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) were studied in a disturbed secondary protected forest reserve in Assam, Northeast India. The method of multivariate analysis by constrained canonical correspondence ordination (Ter Braak, 1986) was used for examining the effects of some independent, continuous environmental variables like altitude, rainfall, year, geographical position (latitude and longitude) on the swallowtail butterfly group and species assemblages during the two-year study period. The separating effects of season and forest type as categorical variables were examined for observing their effects on the abundance and distribution of the Papilionidae within the study area. We used the indicator (IndVal) method of Dufrene & Legendre (1997) to detect some characteristic indicator taxa within the study area by defining the indicator values of the group and species assemblages for the transects by forest types and mean seasonal abundances. The analyses were done separately for the three study sites of Garbhanga range and two study sites of Rani range based on the pooled abundance data. All the five study sites were moderately to heavily disturbed as observed from the land-use satellite imageries and actual field observations. Line transect method (Pollard, 1977, 1984; Thomas, 1983; i Pollard & Yates, 1993) was followed for sampling the butterflies within a 50 ha study area. Permanent line transects were laid within the study sites on the basis of habitat type - scattered forest and closed forest, which were selected on the basis of canopy openness and observed levels of disturbance. A total sample effort of 131 days across the five study sites during dry and wet seasons of the two-year study period resulted in 18,371 individuals identified from 28 species of Papilionidae. Our sampling effort was not equal across the study sites of both the ranges within the Reserve. For the three study sites in Garbhanga range, we walked 24 kms amounting to two transect counts in nine hours of sampling per day in the 12 transects. For the two study sites of Rani range we walked 16 kms amounting to two transect counts in six hours of sampling per day in the eight transects. As the study area experiences a tropical monsoon type of climate, therefore the different diversity parameters including species richness, evenness and rarefaction estimates were examined by forest type and season. As the host-plant specificity of the swallowtail butterflies is confined to a few tropical plant families, we therefore tried to document the availability of some of the important larval food-plants of the swallowtail butterflies within the study area. We identified 28 species of Papilionidae within the protected reserve during the 2- year study period. In the study sites of Garbhanga and Rani ranges, 28 and 26 species were recorded respectively. Vegetation study relating to estimation of the species diversity and richness conducted in each of the two study sites of Garbhanga and Rani ranges showed a near similarity in the floral composition and could be considered to represent the overall vegetation profile of the study area. The total plant family representation in the study area was 65 which included a total of 197 species out of which 99 species were represented by trees, 63 species were herbs/shrubs and 35 species were represented by climbers. Seven plant families represented the larval host-plant resources and 29 plant families represented the potential adult nectar sources of the swallowtail butterflies. The monophagous feeding guild recorded the highest number of species (12) and the correlation between the mean abundance and feeding guild of the Papilionidae was significant, showing a marked increase in the mean abundance of the Papilionidae from ‘specialist’ to generalist’ feeders and monophagy to polyphagy. The correlation between the mean abundance and the pre-defined geographic range of the species assemblages in the three study sites of Garbhanga range was weak but significant and positive indicating a marked increase in the mean abundance of the ii Papilionidae with the widest geographic range. For the two study sites of Rani range, the correlation was not significant but still positive. Species with the widest range did not show a large variation in their mean abundance as observed in the correlation results for the study sites of Garbhanga range. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that the swallowtail butterfly species assemblage could be divided into two groups with respect to habitat association and abundance by forest types was highly significant for all the five study sites. In Garbhanga range, 16 species were closed forest restricted and nine species were open/scattered forest dependent while another three species could be classified as intermediate as they were encountered in both gaps and closed forests. In Rani range, only 14 species were found to be confined to the closed forest while the number of species associated with gaps and the intermediate species was the same as in Garbhanga range. In Garbhanga range, higher abundances of butterflies from the genera Graphium (Jays and Bluebottles), Papilio (Common Mormon and Great Mormon) and Pathysa (Swordtails and Zebras) were encountered in the open forest transects while the abundances of the butterflies from the closed forests and particularly from the genera Atrophaneura (Windmills and Batwings), Troides (Birdwings) and Papilio castor (Common Raven) were lower. Peacocks and Helens (Papilio sp.) from the closed forests and the gap species like Pachliopta aristolochiae (Common Rose) and Lamproptera sp. (Dragontails) recorded moderate abundances. However in Rani range, the abundance trend for the group (genus-wise) assemblages were found to be different – closed forest confined groups like the Birdwings (Troides sp.), Peacocks and Helens (Papilio sp.) and open forest dependant groups like the Jays and Bluebottles (Graphium sp.), Swordtails (Pathysa sp.) as well as the Dragontails (Lamproptera sp.) were recorded in higher abundances. The site scores in the ordination plots for both Garbhanga and Rani ranges simply showed the changing abundances of swallowtail butterflies across the open and closed forest transects throughout the study period. However they could not be considered as strong predictors of butterfly seasonality. Therefore in our study we only tried to observe the changing patterns of species abundances through dry and wet seasons of the study period between the two forest types. The effects of independent variables were studied separately for Garbhanga and Rani ranges and the results of the CCA ordination showed the significant effects of some of these variables on the species assemblages. The significant effect of the amount of rainfall as an iii independent variable on the abundances of different species assemblages within Garbhanga and Rani ranges clearly indicated the influence of the monsoon climate on plant phenology and the resultant high wet season abundances. However the effect of rain on butterfly abundances indicated a larger variation between the dry and wet season abundances in Rani range and this could be attributed to favourable microclimatic conditions within this range. In the constrained ordinations for both Rani and Garbhanga ranges, the influence of the monsoon rain on the seasonality of some species like particularly the Limes (Papilio demoleus), Jays (Graphium sp.) and Common Rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae) was strongly predicted. Again some of the closed forest restricted species like the Crimson Rose (Pachliopta hector) and Common Raven (Papilio castor) were found to be highly seasonal in their association with the monsoon period. To examine the continuum of seasonal abundance of the swallowtail butterflies, the effect of year as
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Butterflies-Of-Thailand-Checklist-2018
    PAPILIONIDAE Parnassinae: Bhutanitis lidderdalii ocellatomaculata Great Bhutan ผเี สอื้ ภฐู าน Papilioninae: Troides helena cerberus Common Birdwing ผเี สอื้ ถงุ ทองป่ าสงู Troides aeacus aeacus Golden Birdwing ผเี สอื้ ถงุ ทองธรรมดา Troides aeacus malaiianus Troides amphrysus ruficollis Malayan Birdwing ผเี สอื้ ถงุ ทองปักษ์ใต ้ Troides cuneifera paeninsulae Mountain Birdwing ผเี สอื้ ถงุ ทองภเู ขา Atrophaneura sycorax egertoni Whitehead Batwing ผเี สอื้ คา้ งคาวหวั ขาว Atrophaneura varuna zaleucus Burmese Batwing ผเี สอื้ ปีกคา้ งคาวพมา่ Atrophaneura varuna varuna Malayan Batwing ผเี สอื้ ปีกคา้ งคาวมาเลย์ Atrophaneura varuna astorion Common Batwing ผเี สอื้ ปีกคา้ งคาวธรรมดา Atrophaneura aidoneus Striped Batwing ผเี สอื้ ปีกคา้ งคาวขา้ งแถบ Byasa dasarada barata Great Windmill ผเี สอื้ หางตมุ ้ ใหญ่ Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes Common Windmill ผเี สอื้ หางตมุ ้ ธรรมดา Byasa crassipes Small Black Windmill ผเี สอื้ หางตมุ ้ เล็กด า Byasa adamsoni adamsoni Adamson's Rose ผเี สอื้ หางตมุ ้ อดัมสนั Byasa adamsoni takakoae Losaria coon doubledayi Common Clubtail ผเี สอื้ หางตมุ ้ หางกวิ่ Losaria neptunus neptunus Yellow-bodied Clubtail ผเี สอื้ หางตมุ ้ กน้ เหลอื ง Losaria neptunus manasukkiti Pachliopta aristolochiae goniopeltis Common Rose ผเี สอื้ หางตมุ ้ จดุ ชมพู Pachliopta aristolochiae asteris Papilio demoleus malayanus Lime Butterfly ผเี สอื้ หนอนมะนาว Papilio demolion demolion Banded Swallowtail ผเี สอื้ หางตงิ่ สะพายขาว Papilio noblei Noble's Helen ผเี สอื้ หางตงิ่ โนเบลิ้ Papilio castor mahadeva Siamese Raven ผเี สอื้ เชงิ ลายมหาเทพสยาม
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Phytochemical Investigations of Ethanolic Extract of Glycosmis Pentaphylla Leaves
    American Journal of Biomedical Research, 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, 6-8 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajbr/3/1/2 © Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ajbr-3-1-2 Potential Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Phytochemical Investigations of Ethanolic Extract of Glycosmis Pentaphylla Leaves Prawej Ansari1, Shofiul Azam3, Md. Reyad-ul-ferdous1,2,*, Apsana Hossain1, Tasana Azad1, Sukdeb Goswami1, Kallol Kanti Mondal1 1Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh 2Department of Pharmacy, Progati Medical Institute, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh 3Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 154/A, College Road, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received January 29, 2015; Revised February 11, 2015; Accepted March 13, 2015 Abstract The present study is carried out with the ethanolic extract of leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Traditional use of it inspired us to investigate the blood corpuscular protective power of this plant as it used as blood tonic in Chinese traditional medicine. By the phytochemical screening we have both flavonoids and steroids. There’s also alkaloids are found which have extensive physiologic action embodying analgesic activity. This investigation is made following the most simple, reliable and less time consuming method. As the human red blood corpuscular membrane is similar to lysosomal membranes that influence inflammatory process. Significant result obtained using ethanolic extract of G. pentaphylla have better acceptance as it shows good response in inhibiting hemolysis (55.16%) at highest concentration and these investigation surely stimulate further screening and isolation process. Keywords: G. pentaphylla, lysosome, membrane stability, phytochemicals investigation Cite This Article: Prawej Ansari, Shofiul Azam, Md.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Science Today (2017) 4(1): 1-11 1
    Plant Science Today (2017) 4(1): 1-11 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.1.268 ISSN: 2348-1900 Plant Science Today http://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST Research Article Ethnobotanical plants of Veligonda Hills, Southern Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India S K M Basha1* and P Siva Kumar Reddy2 1NBKR Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Vidya Nagar, SPSR Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Research and Development Centre, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Article history Abstract Received: 04 September 2016 The Veligonda range which separates the Nellore district from Kadapa and Kurnool is Accepted: 16 October 2016 the back bone of the Eastern Ghats, starting from Nagari promontory in Chittoor Published: 01 January 2017 district. It runs in a northerly direction along the western boarders of the Nellore © Basha & Siva Kumar Reddy (2017) district, raising elevation of 3,626 feet at Penchalakona in Rapur thaluk. Veligonda hill ranges have high alttudinal and deep valley. These hills have rich biodiversity and Editor many rare, endangered, endemic and threatned plants are habituated in these hills. K. K. Sabu The present paper mainly deals with the ethanobotanical plants used by local people. Publisher Keywords Horizon e-Publishing Group Ethnobotany; Threatened; Endangered; Endemic; Veligonda hill range Corresponding Author S K M Basha Basha, S. K. M., and P. Siva Kumar Reddy. 2017. Ethnobotanical plants of Veligonda Hills, Southern Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant Science Today 4(1): 1-11. [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.1.268 Introduction communities in every ecosystem from the Trans The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated Himalayas down to the coastal plains have that 80% of the population of developing countries discovered the medical uses of thousands of plants relies on traditional medicines, mostly plant drugs, found locally in their ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
    JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No.
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341894994 A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Aristolochia Species Article · June 2020 CITATIONS READS 6 328 3 authors: Subbiah Latha Palanisamy Selvamani Anna University, Chennai Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 107 PUBLICATIONS 510 CITATIONS 125 PUBLICATIONS 634 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Dhivya Sundaram Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 6 PUBLICATIONS 13 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Natural Polymers View project All content following this page was uploaded by Palanisamy Selvamani on 15 July 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ejbps, 2015, Volume 2, Issue 5, 160-167. Review Article SJIF Impact Factor 2.062 ISSN 2349-8870 Latha et al. European European Journal Journal of Biomedical of Biomedical and Pharmac eutical Sciences Volume: 2 AND Issue: 5 Pharmaceutical sciences 160-167 http://www.ejbps.com Year: 2015 A REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ARISTOLOCHIA SPECIES S. Latha*, P. Selvamani, P. S. Dhivya and R. Benaseer Begam Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli– 24, Tamil Nadu, India. Article Received on 27/07/2015 Article Revised on 18/08/2015 Article Accepted on 09/09/2015 *Correspondence for ABSTRACT Author Aristolochia is a significant genus in the family of Aristolochiaceae. S. Latha The genus Aristolochia includes about 400 species of herbaceous Department of perennials, under shrubs or shrubs bearing essential oils and is Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, BIT extensive across Tropical Asia, Africa and South America. Campus, Tiruchirappalli–24, Aristolochia species has been used widely in the traditional Chinese Tamil Nadu, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Swallowtal Butterfly Species (Rhopalocra, Papilionidae) in Three Protected Areas of Thua Thien Hue Province
    Management of Forest Resources and Environment DIVERSITY OF SWALLOWTAL BUTTERFLY SPECIES (RHOPALOCRA, PAPILIONIDAE) IN THREE PROTECTED AREAS OF THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE Vu Van Lien1, Le Quynh Trang1, Christoph L. Häuser2, Vo Dinh Ba3, Bui Dinh Duc4 1Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST 2Natural History Museum Berlin, Germany 3University of Science, Hue University 4Vietnam National University of Forestry SUMMARY The study on swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) of three protected areas of Thua Thien Hue province was carried out sometimes between April and June from 2015 to 2018, at different habitats and altitudes in Bach Ma National Park (NP), Phong Dien Nature Reserve (NR), and Sao La Nature Reserve (NR). Butterflies were observed and collected randomly by insect nets in the surveyed areas. In additional, butterfly species were also referred from previous works on butterflies in the area to make a list of Papilionidae species. The similarity of species composition between three protected areas was analyzed with Cluster Analysis by Primer V5. Total 36 species of the Papilionidae family has been recorded in three protected areas. There are 4 species listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam (2007): Troides helena, T. aeacus, Teinopalpus aureus, and Papilio noblei. Among them, first three species are listed in the CITES (2018). Teinopalpus aureus is in the Red List of IUCN (2018). The similarity of species composition between protected areas is rather high (67%), highest between Phong Dien NR and Sao Lao NR (69.8%). The species composition of Bach Ma NP is slightly different from Phong Dien NR and Sao La NR as Bach Ma NP has 7 species not found in two other protected areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Meeting
    Page | 1 PPrroocceeeeddiinnggss ooff tthhee MMeeeettiinngg Editors: Tim R. Gottwald James H. Graham Section Editors: Armando Bergamin-Filho John DaGraça William Dawson Wayne Dixon Tim Gottwald James Graham Susan Halbert David Hall John Hartung Michael Irey Michael Rogers Edward Stover General Editors: Mary Peck Karen Gottwald IRCHLB Proceedings Compilation Copyright © 2009 Plant Management Network IRCHLB Proceedings Dec. 2008: www.plantmanagementnetwork.org Page | 2 TThhee MMiissssiioonn of this conference is to assemble the greatest number possible from the international research community, plus regulatory agency representatives, and commercial industry leaders with specific expertise on HLB for the express purpose to exchange the latest information, knowledge, ideas and concepts relative to HLB. We also want to provide a venue for increased international collaboration as well to deal with a disease that does not respect the political or physical boundaries of states or countries. Invited scientists and participants will be asked to reach beyond current information, thinking, scientific disciplines, and dogma in an attempt to broaden our global knowledge, provide new researchable goals and horizons and foster progress toward new and innovative solutions to HLB. TThhee TThheemmee of this International Research Conference on Huanglongbing is RReeaacchhiinngg BBeeyyoonndd BBoouunnddaarriieess,, indicating our determination and need to reach beyond political, scientific and national boundaries in an attempt to find commercially feasible
    [Show full text]
  • Background Document: Roc: Aristolochic Acids ; 2010
    FINAL Report on Carcinogens Background Document for Aristolochic Acids September 2, 2008 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Services National Toxicology Program Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 This Page Intentionally Left Blank RoC Background Document for Aristolochic Acids FOREWORD 1 The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is prepared in response to Section 301 of the Public 2 Health Service Act as amended. The RoC contains a list of identified substances (i) that 3 either are known to be human carcinogens or are reasonably be anticipated to be human 4 carcinogens and (ii) to which a significant number of persons residing in the United 5 States are exposed. The Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), has 6 delegated responsibility for preparation of the RoC to the National Toxicology Program 7 (NTP), which prepares the report with assistance from other Federal health and 8 regulatory agencies and nongovernmental institutions. 9 Nominations for (1) listing a new substance, (2) reclassifying the listing status for a 10 substance already listed, or (3) removing a substance already listed in the RoC are 11 reviewed in a multi-step, scientific review process with multiple opportunities for public 12 comment. The scientific peer-review groups evaluate and make independent 13 recommendations for each nomination according to specific RoC listing criteria. This 14 background document was prepared to assist in the review of aristolochic acids. The 15 scientific information used to prepare Sections 3 through 5 of this document must come 16 from publicly available, peer-reviewed sources. Information in Sections 1 and 2, 17 including chemical and physical properties, analytical methods, production, use, and 18 occurrence may come from published and/or unpublished sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2. Animals
    AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Wulf: Libretto
    WULF: LIBRETTO compiled by Vic Hoyland [Since most of this score uses modern English, it will be acceptable to perform this work using a translation in the country of performance, as well as using segments in the original French, Icelandic, Anglo‐Saxon, Latin, ancient Greek and Scottish Gaelic. Please contact UYMP to discuss any translation of the English text.] Iliad, chapter 18 (of 24): Patroclus, Achilles’ companion, is killed in battle. Achilles’ emotional reaction is extreme. His screams are heard by his mother, Thetis, from the depths of the sea. She calls on her nymphs (Nereids) to come to her son’s aid. “With these the bright cave was filled, and the nymphs all alike, beat their breasts, and Thetis led the lament.” The names of ancient Greek sea nymphs are recalled throughout the work. Part I – WULF 1. Glauke te Thaleia te Kymodoke te Nesaie Speio te Thoe Halia te Kymothoe te kai Actaee kai Limnoreia Kai Melite kai Iera kai Amphithoe kai Agave Doto te Proto te Pherusa Dynamene te Dexamene te Amphinome kai Kallineira Doris kai Panope kai te Galateia Nemertes te kai Apseudes kai Kallinassa Te Klymene Ianeira te kai Ianassa Maera kai Oreithyia te Amatheia.1 5. Protesilaus, Echepolus, Elephenor, Simoisius, Leukos, Democoon, Diores, Pirous, Phegeus, Idaeus, Odios, Phaestus, Scamandrius, Pherecles, Pedaeus, Hypsenor, Astynoos, Hyperion, Abas, Polyidos, Xanthus, Thoon, Echemmnon, Chromius, Pandarus, Deicoon.2 6. Sigmund took his weapons, but Skarphedinn waited the while. Skyolld turned against Grim and Helgʹ, and they fought violently. Sigmund had a helmet on his head and a shield at his side and was girt with a sword, his spear was in his hand; he turns against Skarphedinn, and thrusts at him with his spear, and the thrust struck the shield.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) of Kerala Part of Western Ghats Usin
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (4): 72-77 ISSN 2320-7078 Taxonomic segregation of the Swallowtails of the JEZS 2014; 2 (4): 72-77 © 2014 JEZS genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) of Received: 23-06-2014 Accepted: 17-07-2014 Kerala part of Western Ghats using morphological V.S. Revathy characters of external genitalia Entomology Department, Forest Health Division, Kerala Forest V.S. Revathy and George Mathew Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala- 680635 Abstract George Mathew Studies on the genitalia of four species of Papilionids belonging to the tribe Leptocercini were made. The Entomology Department, Forest structure of vinculum, uncus, valvae and phallus of the male genitalia and the bursa, ductus and ovipositor Health Division, Kerala Forest of the female were found to be useful in taxonomic segregation of these butterflies. This highlights the Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala- extreme practical importance of external genitalic structures in the identification of these butterflies and 680635 improves upon earlier characters for generic and specific determinations based mainly on the wing venation, size and shape of palpi, and frons. Keywords: Taxonomy, Papilionidae, Lepidoptera, Graphium, Western Ghats 1. Introduction The Western Ghats constitute a mountain range along the western side of India. It is acclaimed as World Heritage Site by UNESCO and is one of the world’s eight “hottest hotspots" of biological diversity. Southern Western Ghats extending from the Agasthamalai to Palghat Gap has highest butterfly diversity with maximum Endemics. Thirty six species of butterflies are reported to be endemic to the Ghat and among the butterfly genera, the genus Parantirrhoea is exclusively [11] endemic to this region .
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity Pattern of Butterfly Communities (Lepidoptera
    International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Zoology Volume 2011, Article ID 818545, 8 pages doi:10.5402/2011/818545 Research Article DiversityPatternofButterflyCommunities (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidae) in Different Habitat Types in a Tropical Rain Forest of Southern Vietnam Lien Van Vu1 and Con Quang Vu2 1 Department of Biology, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2 Department of Insect Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Correspondence should be addressed to Lien Van Vu, [email protected] Received 26 January 2011; Accepted 1 March 2011 Academic Editors: M. Griggio and V. Tilgar Copyright © 2011 L. V. Vu and C. Quang Vu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diversity of butterfly communities of a tropical rain forest of Bu Gia Map National Park in South Vietnam was studied in four different habitat types (the natural forest, the disturbed forest, the bamboo forest, and the stream sides in the forest) in December 2008 and April 2009. A total of 112 species with 1703 individuals of Papilionoidae (except Lycaenidae) were recorded. The proportion of rare species tends to decrease from the natural forest to the stream sides, while the proportion of common species tends to increase from the natural forest to the stream sides. The stream sides have the greatest individual number, while the disturbed forest contains the greatest species number. The bamboo forest has the least species and individual numbers.
    [Show full text]