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7-Jalaeian Et Al.X ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آﻓﺎت ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ 1 1 396 (7- ):3 77 80- ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻋﻠﻤﻲ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮهي (Leucania loreyi (Lep.: Noctuidae روي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ﻣﻬﺪي ﺟﻼﺋﻴﺎن1* ، آﺗﻮﺳﺎ ﻓﺮﺣﭙﻮر ﺣﻘﺎﻧﻲ1 و ﻣﻬﺪي اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎري2 1 - ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، رﺷﺖ، اﻳﺮان، -2 ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز، اﻫﻮاز ، اﻳﺮان (ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: /6/10 96 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: /7/8 )96 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮه ي ﺑﺮگ ﺧﻮار (Leucania loreyi (Duponchel) (Lep.: Noctuidae ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ و ﻳﻜﻲ از آﻓﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ روي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ي ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻴﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آﻓﺖ ذرت و ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 96- 1394 روي آﻓﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﺷﺎﻟﻴﺰارﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي ﻻرو و ﺣﺸﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻎ L. loreyi ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ي ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮه ي ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮار L. loreyi روي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي (Leucania zeae (Duponchel و (Mythimna congrua (Hübner ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﺷﺎﻟﻴﺰارﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﺷﺎﻟﻴﺰار، اﻳﺮان، Leucania zeae ،Mythimna congrua Armyworm * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: [email protected] 78 ﺟﻼﺋﻴﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺧﺴﺎرت Leucania loreyi روي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﮔﻴﻼن ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﮔﻴﻼن ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ﻻروﻫﺎي ﺳﻦ 2-1 اﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮات ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ي Noctuidae ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي از آﻓﺎ آﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ از ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ، اﻣﺎ ﻛﻠ ﻴﺪي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﻲ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺷﻮ ﺪ ( ,Holloway ﻻروﻫﺎي ﺳﻦ 6-3 ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ از ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . 1998 ). ﻳﻜﻲ از آﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﻠ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Leucania ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ داده ﻫﺎي ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ي ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮري ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ در ﻧﻘﺎط (loreyi (Duponchel از زﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ي Hadeninae اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﺳﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ در اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ و از ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ي ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل دارد. ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ روﻧﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﮔﻮﻳﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﻧﺴﻞ ذرت، ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ، ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم، ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ (‐ El در اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ اﺳﺖ. در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺷﺎﻟﻴﺰارﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﻼن، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ Sherif, 1972; Esfandiari et al ., 2011 ). ﻻروﻫﺎي اﻳ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﻓﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ اول و در اواﺧﺮ اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ و اواﻳﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﺰارع رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ دارﻧﺪ و در اﺻﻄﻼح ﺧﺮدادﻣﺎه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ د ﺣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ د ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﺳﺘﺎ Armyworms ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ( El ‐Sherif et al ., 1972 ). ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎر ﻧﺴﻞ در ﺳﺎل دارد و ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن اﺻﻠﻲ آن ذرت و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ي L. loreyi در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ي ﺧﺎورﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ (ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻓﻘﻂ در ﻧﺴﻞ ﻫﺎي دو م و ﺳ ﻮم از ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ اﺳﺮاﻳﻴﻞ) و آﺳﻴﺎي ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﻲ (ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﻳﻮان و ژاﭘﻦ) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮا ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ( Siahpoosh and Esmaeli, 1993 ). ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺴﺎرت زاي ﻣﻬﻢ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي روي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘ L. loreyi ﻗﺒﻼ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن و روي ذرت ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( ;Siahpoosh and Esmaeli, 1993 ) El ‐Sherif, 1972; Ho et al ., 2002 )، وﻟﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ اي از Kravchenko et al ., 2007 ). ﻓﺮﺣﺒﺨﺶ در ﺳﺎل 1341 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ي ﺧﺴﺎرت آن ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪا L. loreyi را ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻨﻮان آﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮه ي ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮار ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ روي ذرت ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺮد . ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎﻫﭙﻮش در ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل اﺧﻴﺮ در ﻣﺰارع ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﭼﺸﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑ ﻪ اﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ ( 1372 ) در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﺑ وﻳﮋه در ﻧﺴﻞ اول ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻃﻐﻴﺎﻧﻲ رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ي ي ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ آﻓﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ و درﺟﻪ ي اول ذرت در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻴﺟﻤﻌ ﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻳا ﻦ آﻓﺖ د ﻃﻮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻛﺸ در ﻣﺰار ﺑﺮﻧ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎ ﻃﻐﻴﺎن ﻛﺮده و ﺗﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻳ آﻓﺖ ﺟﺪﻳ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮار در ﺷﺎﻟﻴﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل را از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮد ( ,Siahpoosh and Esmaeli ﺷﻤﺎل ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺧﺴﺎرت اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ از اﺳﺘﺎن 1993 ). اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮه ي ﺗﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي ذرت در اﻳ ﺮان ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( ,Siahpoosh and Esmaeli ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن از اﻏﻠﺐ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه 1993 ) اﻣﺎ اﻳﻦ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش از ﺧﺴﺎرت آﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮار .L اﺳﺖ ( ;loreyi Ebert and Hackerh, 2002; Khanjani, 2004 ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ د ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﺸﻮ (ﮔﻴﻼن) اﺳﺖ. Lehmann and Zahiri, 2011 ). در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﻣﺰارع ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن، ﻼوه ﺑ در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 94 ﺗﺎ 96 د ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ي L. loreyi ، دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮار دﻳﮕﺮ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ي ﺷﺎﻟﻴﺰارﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن، ﻻرو ﺣﺸﺮ يه ﻛﺎﻣ ﻧﻮﻋ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮه ﺑ Noctuidae ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻫﺎي (Leucania zeae (Duponchel و و ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي روي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ دﻗﻴ (Mythimna congrua (Hübner ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، اﺑﺘﺪا از اﻧﺪام ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﺣﺸﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻧﺮ اﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ﮔﺰارش ﺟﺪﻳﺪي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑ ﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ ، ﺗﻮﺳ اﻳﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ روي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ي ﮔﻨﺪﻣﻴﺎن ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮار و ﺟﺰو ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه ي ﺳﻮم ﺑ ﻪ مﻧﺎ L. loreyi ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ Armyworms ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ي L. zeae ﺑﻪ ﻨﻮان آﻓﺖ ﻧﻮري، اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺎﺑ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ از ﻣﺰارع ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮار ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﺑﺮ ﺧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (‐ El ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آﻓﺎت ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ، ﺟﻠﺪ 7 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1396 79 Sherif, 1972; Kravchenko et al ., 2007 )، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮي روي داﻣﻨﻪ ي ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻴﺰا ﺧﺴﺎرت آن ﻫﺎ ﺑ ﺑﺮﻧ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻛﺸﻮر اﻧﺠﺎ ﺷﻮد. 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S. and Kou, R. 2002. Investigation of possible sex pheromone components of female loreyi leafworm, Acantholeucania loreyi (Duponchel)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Taiwan. Zoological Studies 41(2): 188-193. Khanjani, M. 2004. Field crop pests in Iran. Bu-Ali Sina University Press, 719 pp. Kravchenko, V. D., Fibiger, M., Mooser, J., Junnila, A. and Müller, G. C. 2007. The Hadeninae of Israel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 35: 441-454. Lehmann, L., and Zahiri, R. 2011. Results of a lepidopterological expedition to North and Northwest Iran in summer 2007 with new records for Iran (Lepidoptera). Esperiana Band 16: 135-165. Siahpoosh, A. R. and Esmaeli, M. 1993. Biological study of Mythimna loreyi (Dup.) (Noctuidae; Lep.) at Khoozestan corn fields. In: Proc. 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress . University of Guilan, Iran, 28 Aug.-2 Sep., 95 pp. 80 ﺟﻼﺋﻴﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ، اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺧﺴﺎرت Leucania loreyi روي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﮔﻴﻼن Plant Pest Research 2017- 7(3): 77-80 Short paper First report of damage caused by Leucania loreyi (Lep.: Noctuidae) on rice in Guilan province M. Jalaeian 1*, A. Farahpour -Haghani 1 and M. Esfandiari 2 1. Department of Plant Protection, Rice Research Institute of Iran, (AREEO), Rasht, Iran, 2. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. (Received: September 1, 2017- Accepted: October 29, 2017) Abstract Loreyi armyworm, Leucania loreyi (Duponchel) (Lep.: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan species and one of the most common armyworms reported on rice and some of other important gramineous plants. In Iran, it has been recorded as a pest of maize and sugarcane in southwest of the country. In a survey on rice pests in Guilan province (North of Iran) during 2015-2017, many larvae and adults of L. loreyi were collected from paddy fields. This is the first report of damage caused by L. loreyi on rice in Guilan province. In this study, Leucania zeae (Duponchel) and Mythimna congrua (Hübner) are also recorded for the first time from paddy fields in Guilan province. Key words: Armyworm, Paddy fields, Leucania zeae , Mythimna congrua , Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected] .
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