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Diagnóstico Territorial De La Sub-Región

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Diagnóstico Territorial De La Sub-Región DiagnósticoDiagnóstico territorialterritorial dede lala Sub-RegiónSub-Región Polochic Guatemala, 2014 Diagnóstico Territorial Diagnóstico Territorial Diagnóstico Territorial Diagnóstico Territorial Créditos Equipo conductor Ekaterina Parrilla Secretaria de Segeplán Hugo Gómez Subsecretario de Planificación y Ordenamiento Territorial Equipo técnico PDI Polochic Rafael Toledo Coordinador de equipo Jorge Balsells Fortalecimiento Municipal y Políticas Territoriales Hugo Del Cid Planificación Urbana Roger Baldizón Desarrollo Económico Territorial Tomás Padilla Gestión Hidrológica y Recursos Naturales Olga Marina Buc Participación Social Danger Gómez Sistemas de Información Geográfica Equipo de apoyo de la Dirección de Ordenamiento Territorial Betzaida Revolorio, Julio Estrada, Wagner Caal, Elisa Herrera, Henry Castañeda, Huber Palma, Lucía Samayoa, Noemia Hernández, Julia López, Rudy García, Guadalupe Cifuentes, Karla Ruíz y Diana Melgar Diagnóstico Territorial Diagnóstico Territorial Contenido Página Introducción ..........................................................................................................................................................1 1 Aspectos Históricos .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Medidas Cautelares .....................................................................................................................8 2 Aspectos biofísicos ..............................................................................................................................13 2.1 Diversidad y ubicación de recursos naturales ...........................................................................13 2.1.1 Ubicación ......................................................................................................................13 2.1.2 Relieve ..........................................................................................................................13 2.1.3 Acceso ..........................................................................................................................14 2.2 Suelos en la Sub-Región Polochic ..............................................................................................14 2.3 Capacidad de uso de la tierra .....................................................................................................18 2.4 Uso actual de la tierra .................................................................................................................22 2.5 Intensidad de la tierra................................................................................................................ 27 2.6 Geomorfología ........................................................................................................................... 28 2.7 Regiones fisiográficas ................................................................................................................ 29 2.8 Climas ......................................................................................................................................... 35 2.9 Ecosistemas con enfoque en zonas de vida ............................................................................. 37 2.9.1 Ecosistemas de la región geográfica cálida o caliente .............................................. 38 2.9.2 Ecosistemas de la región geográfica templada ......................................................... 39 2.9.3 Ecosistemas de la región geográfica tropical ............................................................40 2.10 Cuencas e hidrología ................................................................................................................. 42 2.10.1 Subcuenca del Lago de Izabal- río Dulce ................................................................... 43 2.10.2 Subcuenca del río Polochic .........................................................................................44 2.10.3 Subcuenca del río Cahabón ........................................................................................46 2.11 Principales eco-regiones............................................................................................................ 47 2.12 Riesgos ambientales ..................................................................................................................50 3 Aspectos demográficos ...................................................................................................................... 53 3.1 Población total ........................................................................................................................... 55 3.2 Población urbana y rural ........................................................................................................... 57 3.3 Aspectos étnicos.........................................................................................................................61 3.4 Organización social .................................................................................................................... 62 3.5 Población y combate a la pobreza ............................................................................................ 63 3.6 Desarrollo Humano en la Sub-Región Polochic ........................................................................ 67 4 Acceso a servicios públicos y equipamientos sociales ......................................................................71 4.1 Equipamiento en educación ...................................................................................................... 73 4.2 Equipamiento en salud .............................................................................................................. 75 4.3 La vivienda en la Sub-Región Polochic ...................................................................................... 77 4.4 Equipamientos de seguridad y justicia ..................................................................................... 79 4.5 Equipamiento institucional .......................................................................................................80 5 Servicios públicos municipales .......................................................................................................... 85 5.1 Agua potable y saneamiento .................................................................................................... 87 5.2 Manejo de desechos sólidos .....................................................................................................90 5.3 Energía eléctrica ........................................................................................................................ 92 5.4 Telecomunicaciones .................................................................................................................. 97 Diagnóstico Territorial 6 Aspectos ambientales .........................................................................................................................99 6.1 Institucionalidad ambiental ...................................................................................................... 101 6.2 Soporte ambiental frágil ..........................................................................................................103 6.3 Dinámica de la cobertura forestal ............................................................................................104 6.4 Tipos de bosque presentes en la Sub-Región Polochic. ........................................................ 106 6.5 Proyectos Pinfor presentes en la Sub-Región Polochic. ........................................................ 106 6.6 Tierras comunales y conservación de la biodiversidad ...........................................................107 6.7 Áreas protegidas...................................................................................................................... 109 6.8 Actividades que generan impactos ambientales .....................................................................112 7 Situación agraria .................................................................................................................................117 7.1 Antecedentes históricos .......................................................................................................... 119 7.2 Algunas causas estructurales de los conflictos agrarios .........................................................121 7.3 Coordinación interinstitucional para la atención de la conflictividad en el Valle del Polochic .............................................................................................................121 7.4 Conflictividad actual ................................................................................................................. 122 7.5 Territorios en disputa ...............................................................................................................123 7.6 Modelo actual de resolución de conflictos .............................................................................125 8 Infraestructura y transporte .............................................................................................................129 8.1 Red vial ...................................................................................................................................... 131 8.2 Movilidad y dinámicas migratorias. .........................................................................................134 8.3 Transporte en la Sub-Región.
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