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RMTR Template Renewable chemicals and bioproducts A potential for agricultural diversification and economic development Bulletin 4875 Supporting your success Renewable chemicals and bioproducts: a potential for agricultural diversification and economic development Dr Henry Brockman Copyright © Western Australian Agriculture Authority, 2016 October 2016 ISSN 1039-7205 Cover: Moringa oleifera tree (photo: Dr Henry Brockman, Carnarvon Research Station) Recommended reference Brockman, H 2016 ‘Renewable chemicals and bioproducts: a potential for agricultural diversification and economic development’, Bulletin 4875, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Perth. Disclaimer The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture and Food and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it. Copies of this document are available in alternative formats upon request. 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth WA 6151 Telephone: +61 (0)8 9368 3333 Email: [email protected] Website: agric.wa.gov.au Renewable chemicals and bioproducts Contents Summary ............................................................................................................. viii 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 2 Background ................................................................................................... 2 3 Assessment methodology ........................................................................... 5 3.1 Industrial chemicals ................................................................................ 6 3.2 Animal health .......................................................................................... 7 3.3 Herbicides/pesticides .............................................................................. 8 3.4 Perfumery/cosmetics .............................................................................. 8 4 Plant species ................................................................................................. 8 5 Assessment by chemical/product ............................................................... 9 5.1 Lubricants ............................................................................................... 9 5.2 Solvents ................................................................................................ 10 5.3 Surfactants ........................................................................................... 11 5.4 Gums .................................................................................................... 13 5.5 Tannins ................................................................................................. 16 5.6 Oils ....................................................................................................... 17 5.7 Terpenes/latex ...................................................................................... 19 5.8 Dyes ..................................................................................................... 20 5.9 Insecticides and vermicides for animals ............................................... 22 5.10 Plant protection and herbicides ............................................................ 24 5.11 Perfumes and cosmetics ...................................................................... 26 5.12 Other uses ............................................................................................ 28 6 Markets ........................................................................................................ 29 6.1 Lubricants ............................................................................................. 30 6.2 Solvents ................................................................................................ 30 6.3 Surfactants ........................................................................................... 30 6.4 Gums .................................................................................................... 30 6.5 Tannins ................................................................................................. 30 6.6 Oils ....................................................................................................... 30 6.7 Terpenes .............................................................................................. 31 6.8 Dyes ..................................................................................................... 32 iii Renewable chemicals and bioproducts 6.9 Insecticides and anthelmintics ............................................................. 33 6.10 Plant protection and herbicides ............................................................ 33 6.11 Perfumes and cosmetics ...................................................................... 34 7 Results from this assessment ................................................................... 35 7.1 Industrial and general chemicals .......................................................... 35 7.2 Plant protection .................................................................................... 35 7.3 Animal health ....................................................................................... 36 7.4 Perfumes and cosmetics ...................................................................... 36 7.5 Other .................................................................................................... 36 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 37 Appendix A Plant species.............................................................................. 38 Abies balsamea: small to medium evergreen tree ........................................ 38 Acacia conferta: shrub or small tree ............................................................. 38 Acacia dealbata: shrub or small tree ............................................................ 39 Acacia mearnsii: shrub or small tree ............................................................ 39 Acacia pycnantha: shrub or small tree ......................................................... 40 Acacia rossei: shrub or small tree ................................................................ 40 Other acacias ............................................................................................... 40 Acorus calamus: perennial wetland monocot ............................................... 41 Adenandra fragrans: evergreen shrub .......................................................... 41 Agathosma apiculata: densely leafy shrub ................................................... 42 Agathis australis: large, slow growing coniferous tree .................................. 42 Agave tequilana: succulent ........................................................................... 43 Anacardium humile: shrub related to cashews ............................................. 43 Argania spinosa: medium-sized tree ............................................................ 43 Artocarpus elasticus: large tropical tree........................................................ 44 Astragalus gummifera: perennial herb/small shrub ...................................... 45 Atriplex halimus: halophytic shrub ................................................................ 45 Backhousia citriodora: evergreen tree .......................................................... 46 Baptisia tinctoria: herbaceous perennial plant .............................................. 47 Bauhinia purpurea: small to medium deciduous tree .................................... 47 Bauhinia variegata: small to medium deciduous tree ................................... 48 iv Renewable chemicals and bioproducts Betula lenta: medium deciduous tree ............................................................ 48 Bixa orellano: shrub or small tree .................................................................. 49 Boronia megastigma: shrub .......................................................................... 50 Boswellia serrata: medium to large deciduous tree ....................................... 51 Butea monosperma: medium tree ................................................................. 52 Catharanthus roseus: subshrub or herb ........................................................ 52 Calycanthus floridus: deciduous shrub ......................................................... 53 Caryocar glabrum: large tree ........................................................................ 53 Ceratonia siliqua: evergreen shrub or tree .................................................... 54 Chimaphila umbellata: small perennial flowering plant ................................. 55 Chrozophora tinctora: perennial herb or undershrub .................................... 55 Cistus albidus: perennial shrub ..................................................................... 56 Cistus ladanifer: perennial shrub ................................................................... 56 Colubrina asiatica: vine but can flower and fruit as a shrub .......................... 56 Combretum erythrophyllum: hardy, medium to large tree ............................. 57 Commiphora myrrha: small, thorny shrub or tree .......................................... 57 Commiphora schimperi: xerophytic shrub ..................................................... 58 Copaifera langsdorffii: large tree
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