DOCSLIB.ORG

Studies on New Guinea Moths. 1. Introduction (Lepidoptera)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studies on New Guinea Moths. 1. Introduction (Lepidoptera) PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 105(4), 2003, pp. 1034-1042 STUDIES ON NEW GUINEA MOTHS. 1. INTRODUCTION (LEPIDOPTERA) SCOTT E. MILLER, VOJTECH NOVOTNY, AND YVES BASSET (SEM) Department of Systematic Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smith- sonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0105, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]. edu); (VN) Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences and Biological Faculty, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (YB) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Ancon, Panama Abstract.•This is the first in a series of papers providing taxonomic data in support of ecological and biogeographic studies of moths in New Guinea. The primary study is an extensive inventory of the caterpillar fauna of a lowland rainforest site near Madang, Papua New Guinea, from 1994•2001. The inventory focused on the Lepidoptera com- munity on 71 woody plant species representing 45 genera and 23 families. During the study, 46,457 caterpillars representing 585 species were sampled, with 19,660 caterpillars representing 441 species reared to adults. This introductory contribution is intended to provide background on the project, including descriptions of the study site, sampling methods, and taxonomic methods. Key Words: Malesia, Papua New Guinea, Lepidoptera, biodiversity, rearing, community ecology A very large portion of tropical biodi- 1992 and 1993 (Basset 1996, Basset et al. versity consists of herbivorous insects, and 1996). This paper represents the first in a among them, Lepidoptera are among the series of papers providing taxonomic doc- most amenable to study. To better under- umentation in support of the broader stud- stand the structure and maintenance of trop- ies, and is intended to provide general back- ical biodiversity, we undertook a series of ground, including descriptions of the study related inventories of Lepidoptera in New site, sampling methods, and taxonomic Guinea. Our most extensive data set is an methods. inventory of the caterpillar fauna of low- During 2002, we sampled an additional land rainforests near Madang, Papua New 19 woody plant species near Madang, Guinea, from 1994•2001. Our ecological bringing the total sampling universe to 90 analyses focus on the Lepidoptera com- species representing 58 genera and 32 fam- munity on 71 woody plant species repre- ilies. The sampling effort per plant was re- senting 45 genera and 23 families near Ma- duced according to the guidelines in No- dang. Of these species, 69 are native, while votny et al. (2002c). The insects from these 2 species of Piper are not native. But for surveys are still being analyzed. At the time taxonomic purposes we have evaluated of this writing, the Madang study is being specimens accumulated more broadly, in- expanded to include montane sites and a se- cluding the material resulting from a study ries of lowland sites, and material from focused on 10 woody plant species con- these studies will be discussed and de- ducted near Wau, Papua New Guinea, in scribed in later papers in this series. Sam- VOLUME 105, NUMBER 4 1035 pling began at our first montane site in June species are among the most important ones 2001 in primary and secondary forests and in local rainforests, with combined diversity partially deforested landscape around Mu of 579 species in New Guinea (Höft 1992). Village near Kundiawa town in Chimbu This selection of families includes all main Province (145°02'E, 6°05'S, 1,800 m). lineages of flowering plants, viz. gymno- sperms, monocotyledons, basal eudicots, MATERIALS AND METHODS euasterids and eurosids (APG 1998). Fur- Madang Study Area ther, locally common plants from all main habitats within the study area, including The study area is situated in Madang early and late stages of forest succession as Province, Papua New Guinea, extending well as riverine and seashore habitats, were from the coast to the slopes of the Adelbert represented (Leps et al. 2001). Mountains. Average annual rainfall in this Plants were identified by Wayne Takeu- area is 3,558 mm, with a moderate dry sea- chi at Lae Herbarium and many of them son from July to September; mean air tem- were subsequently verified by the best perature is 26.5 °C (McAlpine et al. 1983). available international specialists. Plant The area is covered with species-rich ev- vouchers are deposited in Bishop Museum ergreen rainforest (152 species of woody (BISH), Rijksherbarium (L), Lae Herbari- plants with diameter at breast height >5 cm um (LAE) and Smithsonian Institution (US) per hectare; Laidlaw et al., in press). Field- (herbarium acronyms follow Holmgren et work was concentrated in primary and sec- al. 1990). ondary lowland forests near Baitabag, Ohu, and Mis villages, and in a coastal area near Madang Insect Sampling and Rearing Riwo Village (145°41-8'E, 5°08-14'S, ca. All externally feeding caterpillars (Lepi- 0•200 m). Specific localities are Baitabag doptera), including leafrollers and leaftiers, (145°47'E, 5°08'S, ca. 100 m), Ohu were collected by hand from foliage. Dur- (145°41'E, 5°14'S, ca. 200 m), Mis ing each sampling occasion, a collector (145°47'E, 5°11'S, ca. 50 m), Riwo Village spent one day walking throughout the study (145°48'E, 5°09'S, 0 m). area searching the foliage of the target tree species for caterpillars. The sampling in- Madang Plant Sampling cluded only more accessible branches, i.e., Seventy-one species of trees and shrubs those which could be reached easily by from 45 genera and 23 families (see appen- climbing or reached from the ground. Nu- dix), including 15 species of Ficus and 1 merous trees from various parts of the study species of Artocarpus (Moraceae), 6 species area were sampled during each sampling of Macaranga and 9 species representing 9 occasion. The number of tree inspections, other genera of Euphorbiaceae, 4 species of that is, a particular tree sampled at a partic- Psychotria and 12 species representing 12 ular time, was recorded, as well as the ap- other genera of Rubiaceae, 3 species of Sy- proximate area of the foliage sampled. Each zigium (Myrtaceae), 3 species of Piper (Pi- tree species was sampled continuously for peraceae) and 18 species representing 18 the period of at least one year between July other families of ñowering plants, were se- 1994 and December 2001. Sampling effort lected for the study of their associated cat- was equal for all plant species and amount- erpillars. Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and ed to 1,500 m? of foliage area examined per Rubiaceae, which were studied in detail, are species, while the number of tree inspec- important components of lowland rainforest tions exceeded 1,000 per plant species. This flora in the Madang area and elsewhere in sampling effort represented approximately New Guinea (Oatham and Beehler 1998). 2,000 person-days of fieldwork. In the lab- The five genera represented by multiple oratory, each caterpillar was provided with 1036 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON fresh leaves of the plant species from which and hosts, are recorded in a custom Access it was collected, and was reared to an adult database, described in Basset et al. (2000). whenever possible. Only the specimens that Background data and images are available fed were considered in the analyses. Cat- at www.nmnh.si.edu/new_guinea. erpillars and adults were assigned to mor- Our taxonomic studies also incorporate phospecies. Morphospecies were assigned material reared near Wau, Papua New seven character codes as permanent identi- Guinea by Yves Basset and assistants dur- fiers•four letters representing the family ing the precursor to the Madang project in and three digits•which remain unchanged 1992-1993 (Basset et al. 1996). Morpho- even if the field identification of the family species numbers for these specimens are was incorrect. distinguished by beginning with "LE." The Our sampling of the 71 plant species pro- plants from that study were identified by duced 46,457 caterpillars representing 585 Robert Höft and vouchers are deposited at species, with 19,660 caterpillars represent- LAE and L. ing 441 species reared to adults. Most of the field activities were carried out by par- Insect Identification ataxonomists, as described in Basset et al. In the laboratory, the morphospecies con- (2000). The numbers reported in our ana- cepts were confirmed by disection of geni- lytical papers are often lower, because var- talia (Clarke 1941, Robinson 1976) and ex- ious analyses included only a subset of the amination of other characters. Identifica- plant species or were adjusted to equalize tions were made using relevant literature, sample size per host plant. but especially by comparison to the collec- In addition to the basic locality data and tions of Smithsonian National Museum of adult morphospecies code, standard labels Natural History, Washington (USNM), including caterpillar morphospecies, host Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM), and plant name, host plant abbreviation, and especially the rich historic collections of specimen number, were affixed to each The Natural History Museum, London specimen. The caterpillar morphospecies (BMNH), as well as less frequent compar- code begins with "CAT" and is used on isons to collections of Australian National specimens after 1995. The original host Insect Collection, Canberra (ANIC) and plant identification on the label sometimes Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Lei- has changed with further study, so should den (RMNH), and types in other collec- be used with care. For this reason, begin- tions. Because most of the types of New ning in 1996, the labels include a three let- Guinea moths are at BMNH, it has been the ter host plant abbreviation that does not critical resource, and we are especially in- change with subsequent identifications. In- debted to their staff, as well as research as- dividual specimen numbers are assigned to sociates J.D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Anatomy of the Fig Wall (Ficus, Moraceae)
    Botany Comparative anatomy of the fig wall (Ficus, Moraceae) Journal: Botany Manuscript ID cjb-2018-0192.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 12-Mar-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Fan, Kang-Yu; National Taiwan University, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Bain, Anthony; national Sun yat-sen university, Department of biological sciences; National Taiwan University, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tzeng, Hsy-Yu; National Chung Hsing University, Department of Forestry Chiang, Yun-Peng;Draft National Taiwan University, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Chou, Lien-Siang; National Taiwan University, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Kuo-Huang, Ling-Long; National Taiwan University, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Keyword: Comparative Anatomy, Ficus, Histology, Inflorescence Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Page 1 of 29 Botany Comparative anatomy of the fig wall (Ficus, Moraceae) Kang-Yu Fana, Anthony Baina,b *, Hsy-Yu Tzengc, Yun-Peng Chianga, Lien-Siang Choua, Ling-Long Kuo-Huanga a Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan b current address: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.Draft c Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 402, Taiwan. * Corresponding author: [email protected]; Tel: +886-75252000-3617; Fax: +886-75253609. 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Botany Page 2 of 29 Abstract The genus Ficus is unique by its closed inflorescence (fig) holding all flowers inside its cavity, which is isolated from the outside world by a fleshy barrier: the fig wall.
    [Show full text]
  • WIAD CONSERVATION a Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity
    WIAD CONSERVATION A Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity WIAD CONSERVATION A Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 2 Ohu Map ...................................................................................................................................... 3 History of WIAD Conservation ...................................................................................................... 4 WIAD Legends .............................................................................................................................. 7 The Story of Julug and Tabalib ............................................................................................................... 7 Mou the Snake of A’at ........................................................................................................................... 8 The Place of Thunder ........................................................................................................................... 10 The Stone Mirror ................................................................................................................................. 11 The Weather Bird ................................................................................................................................ 12 The Story of Jelamanu Waterfall .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Stillingia: a Newly Recorded Genus of Euphorbiaceae from China
    Phytotaxa 296 (2): 187–194 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.2.8 Stillingia: A newly recorded genus of Euphorbiaceae from China SHENGCHUN LI1, 2, BINGHUI CHEN1, XIANGXU HUANG1, XIAOYU CHANG1, TIEYAO TU*1 & DIANXIANG ZHANG1 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract Stillingia (Euphorbiaceae) contains ca. 30 species from Latin America, the southern United States, and various islands in the tropical Pacific and in the Indian Ocean. We report here for the first time the occurrence of a member of the genus in China, Stillingia lineata subsp. pacifica. The distribution of the genus in China is apparently narrow, known only from Pingzhou and Wanzhou Islands of the Wanshan Archipelago in the South China Sea, which is close to the Pearl River estuary. This study updates our knowledge on the geographic distribution of the genus, and provides new palynological data as well. Key words: Island, Hippomaneae, South China Sea, Stillingia lineata Introduction During the last decade, hundreds of new plant species or new species records have been added to the flora of China. Nevertheless, newly described or newly recorded plant genera are not discovered and reported very often, suggesting that botanical expedition and plant survey at the generic level may be advanced in China. As far as we know, only six and eight angiosperm genera respectively have been newly described or newly recorded from China within the last ten years (Qiang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of the Cyathium-Bearing Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae): Phylogenetic Study Based on Morphological Characters
    ParkBot. Bull.and Backlund Acad. Sin. — (2002) Origin 43: of 57-62 the cyathium-bearing Euphorbieae 57 Origin of the cyathium-bearing Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae): phylogenetic study based on morphological characters Ki-Ryong Park1,* and Anders Backlund2 1Department of Biology, Kyung-Nam University, Masan 631-701, Korea 2Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC-Biomedical center, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden (Received October 6, 2000; Accepted August 24, 2001) Abstract. A cladistic analysis of the subfamily Euphorbioideae was undertaken to elucidate the origin of the cyathium- bearing Euphorbieae and to provide hypotheses about evolutionary relationships within the subfamily. Twenty-one species representing most of the genera within the study group and three outgroup taxa from the subfamilies Acalyphoideae and Crotonoideae were selected for parsimony analysis. An unweighted parsimony analysis of 24 morphological characters resulted in five equally parsimonious trees with consistency indices of 0.67 and tree lengths of 39 steps. The strict consensus tree supported monophyly of the cyathium-bearing Euphorbieae. The sister group relationships of cyathium bearing Euphorbieae with Maprounea (subtribe Hippomaninae) were supported weakly, and the origin of cyathium is possibly in Hippomaneae, or in the common ancestor of Euphorbieae and remaining taxa of Euphorbioideae plus Acalyphoideae. Within the tribe Euphorbieae, both subtribes Euphorbiinae and Neoguilauminiinae are monophyletic, but the African endemic subtribe Anthosteminae is unresolved. The resulting trees support the monophyly of the tribe Stomatocalyceae while the tribe Hippomaneae does not consistently form a clade. Keywords: Cyathium; Euphorbieae; Phylogeny. Introduction to the position of a female flower. Accordingly, the Eu- phorbia-like cyathium results from the alteration of floral In a recent classification of subfamily Euphorbioideae axis and the condensation of the axis of male flower in Boiss., Webster (1975, 1994b) recognized six tribes: Hippomaneae.
    [Show full text]
  • Delimitation of Malagasy Tribe Coleeae and Implications for Fruit Evolution in Bignoniaceae Inferred from a Chloroplast DNA Phylogeny
    Plant Syst. Evol. 245: 55–67 (2004) DOI 10.1007/s00606-003-0025-y Delimitation of Malagasy tribe Coleeae and implications for fruit evolution in Bignoniaceae inferred from a chloroplast DNA phylogeny M. L. Zjhra1, K. J. Sytsma2, and R. G. Olmstead3 1Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA 2Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 3Department of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Received February 2, 2003; accepted April 23, 2003 Published online: February 23, 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract. Coleeae (Bignoniaceae) are a tribe almost the Gondwanan continent, Madagascar was entirely restricted to Madagascar. Coleeae have attached to Africa at present day Somalia, previously been placed in neotropical Crescentieae Kenya and Tanzania until 165 mya (Rabino- due to species with indehiscent fruits, a character witz et al. 1982, 1983). Madagascar was otherwise unusual in Bignoniaceae. A phylogeny completely separated from Africa by ndh trn based on three chloroplast regions ( F, T-L 120 mya (Rabinowitz et al. 1983), but spacer, trnL-F spacer) identifies a monophyletic remained attached to India until 88 mya Coleeae that is endemic to Madagascar and sur- rounding islands of the Indian Ocean (Seychelles, (Storey et al. 1995). During the lower Creta- Comores and Mascarenes). African Kigelia is not a ceous Madagascar traveled to its present member of Coleeae, rather it is more closely related position 400 km off the coast of Mozambique to a subset of African and Southeast Asian species (Fig. 1). The granitic islands of the Seychelles, of Tecomeae. The molecular phylogeny indicates in the Indian Ocean north of Madagascar, that indehiscent fruit have arisen repeatedly in represent fragments of the separation of Mad- Bignoniaceae: in Coleeae, Kigelia and Crescentieae.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Confirms Polyphagy in a Generalist Moth, Homona Mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    Molecular Ecology Notes (2007) 7, 549–557 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x BARCODINGBlackwell Publishing Ltd DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth, Homona mermerodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) JIRI HULCR,* SCOTT E. MILLER,† GREGORY P. SETLIFF,‡ KAROLYN DARROW,† NATHANIEL D. MUELLER,§ PAUL D. N. HEBERT¶ and GEORGE D. WEIBLEN** *Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Sciences Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, †National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA, ‡Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095 USA, §Saint Olaf College, 1500 Saint Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA,¶Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1, **Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 220 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108–1095, USA Abstract Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Homona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among several Homona species. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • PERSEBARAN GEOGRAFIJENIS-JENIS Pimelodendron (EUPHORBIACEAE) DI MALESIA [Geographical Distribution of Pimelodendron Spp
    Berita Biologi, Volume 6, Nomor 3, Desember 2002 PERSEBARAN GEOGRAFIJENIS-JENIS Pimelodendron (EUPHORBIACEAE) DI MALESIA [Geographical Distribution of Pimelodendron spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia] Tutie Djarwaningsih Puslit Biologi - LIPI Jl. IT. H. JuandaNo. 18 Bogor 16122 ABSTRACT The analysis of geographical distribution of Pimelodendron in Malesia based especially on data from the revision study of Pimelodendron (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. An analysis of distribution indicated that the highest number of species can be recognized, i.e. in Sumatera four species P. griffithianum, P. macrocarpum. P. zoanthogyne, and P. yatesianum; Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo have three species P. griffithianum, P. macrocarpum, and P. zoanthogyne; while Celebes, Moluccas, Lesser Sunda Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and tropical Australia have one species (P. amboinicum). The geographical distribution indicated that the Malesian region can be considered as the centre of distribution of Pimelodendron. Kata kunci/ Key words: Pimelodendron, P. amboinicum, P. griffithianum, P. macrocarpum, P. zoanthogyne, P. yatesianum, persebaran geografi/ geographial distribution, aspek ekologi/ ecological aspects, Malesia. PENDAHULUAN sendiri dan kemampuan dari masing-masing jenis Fitogeografi atau geografi tumbuhan merupa- dalam berkompetisi. Dengan demikian informasi ini kan suatu bidang ilmu yang mencakup persebaran sangat penting dan diperlu-kan oleh lembaga-lembaga geografi, habitat, sejarah serta faktor-faktor biologi yang berkaitan dengan program penghijauan.
    [Show full text]
  • Friederich Wohler, Ein Jugendbildniss in Briefen an Hermann Von Meyer
    s86 NATURE [APRIL 18, 1901 seem that the author has made out a case for the Board the Bismarck Gebirge up to a height of 3000 ft., in habit of Agriculture taking over his farm and converting it resembling an Australian Xanthorrhcea / Guppy's inter­ into a national object-lesson. It would be much cheaper, esting Sararanga (Pandanacere) is recorded with an and quite as useful, to have his prescriptions tested on a distribution ; there is a small Palm, Dammera, practical scale in other parts of the country, and this the allied to LicualaJ' whilst among Dicotyledons, Ficus Board of Agriculture and the agricultural colleges might arbuscula, a fig-tree 3 to 6 feet high, may be mentioned. very well arrange to do. The new Hibiscus papuanus is spoken of as possessing Friederich Wohler, Ein Jugendbildniss in Briefen an the most strikingly beautiful flowers in the whole region. H ermann von Meyer. Edited by Georg W. A. Kahl­ The additions to Rubiacere are considerable, and include baum. Pp. 97· (Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1900.) Price Dolicholobium Gertrudis with curious dimorphic flowers. M. 2.40. A second species of Bothryocline (Compositre) consider­ THESE letters were found amongst the Hermann von ably extends the distribution of a genus previously Meyer's bequest to the Munich Academy of Science, and restricted to Africa. In Psychotria myrmecophila, from Prof. Kahlbaum has done well by making them accessible the Bismarck Gebirge, we have a new type of ant-plant to a larger circle in their present form. with curious excavated trifid stipules, which appear to Although A.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources
    REPUBLIC OF FIJI This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. STATE OF THE FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN FIJI Department of Forests Ministry of Fisheries and Forests for The Republic of Fiji Islands and the Secreatriat of Pacific Communities (SPC) State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Executve Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 5 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 6 Chapter 1: The Current State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji ………………………………………………………………….…….
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Composition and Diversity of a Coastal Hill Forest in Perak, Malaysia
    www.ccsenet.org/jas Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 3, No. 3; September 2011 Vascular Plant Composition and Diversity of a Coastal Hill Forest in Perak, Malaysia S. Ghollasimood (Corresponding author), I. Faridah Hanum, M. Nazre, Abd Kudus Kamziah & A.G. Awang Noor Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: 98-915-756-2704 E-mail: [email protected] Received: September 7, 2010 Accepted: September 20, 2010 doi:10.5539/jas.v3n3p111 Abstract Vascular plant species and diversity of a coastal hill forest in Sungai Pinang Permanent Forest Reserve in Pulau Pangkor at Perak were studied based on the data from five one hectare plots. All vascular plants were enumerated and identified. Importance value index (IVI) was computed to characterize the floristic composition. To capture different aspects of species diversity, we considered five different indices. The mean stem density was 7585 stems per ha. In total 36797 vascular plants representing 348 species belong to 227 genera in 89 families were identified within 5-ha of a coastal hill forest that is comprises 4.2% species, 10.7% genera and 34.7% families of the total taxa found in Peninsular Malaysia. Based on IVI, Agrostistachys longifolia (IVI 1245), Eugeissona tristis (IVI 890), Calophyllum wallichianum (IVI 807), followed by Taenitis blechnoides (IVI 784) were the most dominant species. The most speciose rich families were Rubiaceae having 27 species, followed by Dipterocarpaceae (21 species), Euphorbiaceae (20 species) and Palmae (14 species). According to growth forms, 57% of all species were trees, 13% shrubs, 10% herbs, 9% lianas, 4% palms, 3.5% climbers and 3% ferns.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision and Phylogeny of <I>Acalypha</I
    Blumea 55, 2010: 21–60 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/000651910X499141 Revision and phylogeny of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia V.G. Sagun1,2, G.A. Levin2, P.C. van Welzen3 Key words Abstract Twenty-eight species of Acalypha are recognized in Malesia. Acalypha paniculata is the sole member of subgenus Linostachys in Malesia and the rest of the species belong to subgenus Acalypha. Four previously Acalypha synonymized species are resurrected as distinct species, namely A. angatensis, A. cardiophylla var. cardiophylla, Euphorbiaceae A. grandis, and A. wilkesiana. Four species names are newly reduced to synonymy. The molecular phylogenetic Malesia analyses indicate that Acalypha is monophyletic, as is the subgenus Acalypha. The early-diverging lineages in the phylogeny genus, and its closest outgroup, consist of African species. The Malesian species do not form a monophyletic group although the molecular data strongly support two small clades within the region that are morphologically homogene- ous. The classification system that Pax and Hoffmann applied to subgenus Acalypha, which is based primarily on inflorescence morphology, appears to be unsatisfactory and incongruent with the phylogenetic analyses. Published on 16 April 2010 INTRODUCTION Molecular systematics confirms the placement of Acalypha in Acalyphoideae s.s. and shows a close relationship between Acalypha L. is the third largest genus in the Euphorbiaceae Acalypha and Mareya Baill. (Wurdack et al. 2005, Tokuoka s.s. after Euphorbia L., and Croton L., having about 450 spe- 2007). Their relationship is supported by similar morphologi- cies worldwide (Webster 1994, Radcliffe-Smith 2001). In the cal characteristics, including laciniate styles, pendulous anther Malesian region, 28 species of Acalypha are recognized herein.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Biodiversity Field Assessment in the May River and Upper Sepik River Catchments SDP-6-G-00-01-T-003-018
    Frieda River Limited Sepik Development Project Environmental Impact Statement Appendix 8b – Terrestrial Biodiversity Field Assessment in the May River and Upper Sepik River Catchments SDP-6-G-00-01-T-003-018 Terrestrial Biodiversity Field Assessment in the May River and Upper Sepik River Catchments Sepik Development Project (Infrastructure Corridor) August 2018 SDP-6-G-00-01-T-003-018 page i CONTRIBUTORS Wayne Takeuchi Wayne is a retired tropical forest research biologist from the Harvard University Herbaria and Arnold Arboretum. He is one of the leading floristicians in Papuasian botany and is widely known in professional circles for wide-ranging publications in vascular plant taxonomy and conservation. His 25-year career as a resident scientist in Papua New Guinea began in 1988 at the Wau Ecology Institute (subsequently transferring to the PNG National Herbarium in 1992) and included numerous affiliations as a research associate or consultant with academic institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and corporate entities. Despite taking early retirement at age 57, botanical work has continued to the present on a selective basis. He has served as the lead botanist on at least 38 multidisciplinary surveys and has 97 peer-reviewed publications on the Malesian flora. Kyle Armstrong, Specialised Zoological Pty. Ltd – Mammals Dr Kyle Armstrong is a consultant Zoologist, trading as ‘Specialised Zoological’, providing a variety of services related to bats, primarily on acoustic identification of bat species from echolocation call recordings, design and implementation of targeted surveys and long term monitoring programmes for bats of conservation significance, and the provision of management advice on bats. He is also currently Adjunct Lecturer at The University of Adelaide, an Honorary Research Associate of the South Australian Museum, and had four years as President of the Australasian Bat Society, Inc.
    [Show full text]