DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub US 20040O82712A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0082712 A1 Blount (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 29, 2004 (54) FLAME RETARDANT UREA-BIOBASED which is a division of application No. 09/149,847, URETHANE COMPOSITIONS filed on Sep. 8, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,258,298. (76) Inventor: David H. Blount, San Diego, CA (US) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl. ................................................... C08K 3/00 David H. Blount (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 524/589 6728 Del Cerro Blvd. San Diego, CA 92120 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 10/687,899 Flame retardant urethane compositions of this invention are produced by reacting a urea and/or urea condensate, a bio (22) Filed: Oct. 17, 2003 based compound and a polyisocyanate. The urea condensa tion compositions are produced by heating urea or heating Related U.S. Application Data urea to produce isocyanic acid and/or cyanic acid which reacts with urea to form urea condensates. The bio based (60) Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/941,402, compound are environmentally friendly, replaceable com filed on Aug. 30, 2001, which is a continuation-in pound Such as Vegetable oils, molasses, Sugar, lignin and part of application No. 09/532,646, filed on Mar. 22, hemi-cellulose. The urea and/or urea condensation com 2000, now Pat. No. 6,348,526, which is a continua pounds may be mixed with or reacted with carbonization tion-in-part of application No. 08/801,776, filed on auxiliaries. For example, polyurethane foams can be ren Feb. 14, 1997, now Pat. No. 5,788,915, and which is dered leSS flammable with urea and/or urea condensation a continuation-in-part of application No. 08/723,779, compounds and utilized as insulating and Sound proofing filed on Sep. 30, 1996, now Pat. No. 5,854,309, and materials. US 2004/0082712 A1 Apr. 29, 2004 FLAME RETARDANT UREA-BO BASED 0009 under conditions sufficient to prepare the URETHANE COMPOSITIONS flame retarded urethane products. 0001. This patent application is a continuation-in-part of 0010. In another aspect, the invention comprises urea patent application Ser. No. 09/941,402 filed Jul. 30, 2001, and/or urea condensation Salt of phosphorus and/or boron which is a continuation-in-part of No. 09/532,646 filed Mar. containing compound and bio based compounds reacted 22, 2000; which is a continuation-in-part of No. 08/801,776 with polyisocyanates to produce flame retarded urethane and filed Feb. 14, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,788,915, which is a process to prepare the flame retarded urethane comprising a continuation-in-part of No. 08/723,779 filed Sep. 30, 1996 Serially contacting: now U.S. Pat. No. 5,854,309 and a division of No. 09/149, 847 filed Sep. 8, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,298. 0011 (A) urea and/or urea condensates FIELD 0012 (B) bio based compounds 0013 (E) phosphorus and/or boron containing com 0002 The invention concerns urea compounds and bio based compounds reacted with polyisocyanates to produce pound that will react with urea and/or a urea flame retarded urethane products. The invention also con 0014) condensation compound. cerns their preparation and use. The urea compounds with bio based compounds reacted with polyisocyanates are 0015 (C) polyisocyanate. useful to produce flame retardant urethane plastics. The urea 0016. The flame-retardant compounds of this invention compounds and may be reacted with phosphorus and/or are produced by mixing a urea compound with a bio based boron containing compounds to produce other flame retar compound then adding and mixing with a polyisocyanate at dant compounds. The urea compounds may also be reacted ambient pressure and at ambient or elevated temperature. with aldehydes to produce amino condensation-aldehyde Any Suitable temperature or preSSure may be utilized in this resins for use with bio based compounds a flame retardant process. Upon heating above the melting point urea form a urethanes. very reactive compound isocyanic acid which will react with itself or other organic or inorganic nitrogen containing BACKGROUND compounds especially urea compounds. In order to increase 0003. The urea and urea compounds produced by heating the flame retardant properties and carbonization properties of urea to produce urea condensation compounds, Such as a of the urea condensation compound a carbonization auxil mixture of urea, biuret, cyanuric acid and cyamelide, is iary, Such as, phosphorus Oxyacid compounds, organic phOS known in the arts, but the use of these compounds with bio phorus compounds that will react with a urea compound, based compounds as a flame retardant is novel. The urea boric acid, Sulfuric acid, etc., is added to the urea compounds condensation compounds and their phosphorus and/or boron mixed and/or reacted. Other carbonization auxiliaries may Salts are used as flame retardant compounds in plastics and be mixed with the urea compounds and bio based com natural products. Urea and melamine were utilized as a pounds then reacted with the polyisocyanate to produce the flame retardant compound by FracaloSSi, et al., in U.S. Pat. flame retardant polyurethane. Fillers and carbonization aux No. 4,385,131. Melamine was utilized as flame retardant iliaries may be added to the urea or bio based compounds. compounds in polyurethanes by Yukuta, et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,221,875 and by Grinbergs et al., in U.S. Pat. No. Component A 4,745,133. Amino phosphates was utilized by Blount in U.S. 0017 Urea and/or urea condensates such as biuret, cya Pat. No. 5,010,113. nuric acid cyamelide or a mixture of urea, biuret, cyanuric 0004 What is lacking and what is needed are useful acid, ammelide and cyamelide may be utilized as component inexpensive nitrogen containing organic compounds with a A and may be in the form of a powder, crystals, a Solid or plurality of nitrogen moieties to be mixed with bio based and an aqueous Solution. Any Suitable urea may be utilized. compounds then reacted with polyisocyanates to produce Component B novel flame retardant urethane products. What is addition ally lacking are compositions having Such urea compounds 0018. Any suitable bio based compounds may be use in and/or their Salts with bio based compounds employed this invention suitable bio based compounds include but not therein. limited to vegetable oils Such as Soybean oil, cottonSeed oil, Safflower oil, peanut oil, Sun flower oil, peanut oil, canola SUMMARY oil, corn oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, and mixtures thereof, Soy protein, Soy milk, lignin, Sodium lignin Sulfonate, Sodium 0005. In one aspect, the invention comprises urea and/or cellulose, hemi-cellulose, Sugar, corn Syrup, molasses and urea condensation compounds and their Salts and bio based mixtures thereof. Any oil-containing Seeds nuts and kernels compounds reacted with polyisocyanates to produce flame in which the oil can be removed and produces suitable oil retarded urethanes. Another aspect of the invention is a that can be used in this invention may be obtained from process to prepare flame retarded urethanes by Serially apricot Stones, avocado, bilibary, borage, Stinging nettle, contacting beach nuts, copra, cashew nut, calendula, groundnut, Spurge, rubber Seed, rose hip, hemp, hazelnut, raspberry, elderberry, 0006 (A) urea and/or urea condensates black currant, coffee, coriander, linseed, caraway Seed mac 0007) (B) bio based compounds adamia nut, almonds, melon Seed, poppy, nutmeg, evening primrose, neem Seed, niger Seed, red pepper, brazil nut, 0008 (C) polyisocyanates passion fruit, pecon, pistachio, Sea buckhom, mustard Seed, US 2004/0082712 A1 Apr. 29, 2004 Sesame Seed, tropho plant, tomato Seed, grape Seed, flax hydrogen phosphates, ammonia dihydrogen phosphate, bro Seed, walnut and citrus Seed Soybean oil and modified Soy mated phosphates, alkali metal dihydrogen phosphate and oil are preferred. halogenated phosphate-phosphite and their halides and acids. Organic phosphorus compounds include, but not Component J limited to, alkyl, cyclic, aryl and alkyl-aryl phosphorus 0.019 Any suitable polyisocyanate may be utilized in this compounds, Such as, alkylchlorophosphines, alkyl phos invention. The commercial available polyisocyanate Such as phines, alkyl phosphites, dialkyl hydrogen phosphites, TDI, MDI, PMDI or their prepolymers and mixtures thereof dialkyl alkyl phosphonates, trialkyl phosphites, organic acid are preferred. 44 diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4 diphe phosphates, organic diphosphonate esters, aryl phosphites, nylmethane diisocyanate and modified diphenylmethane aryl hydrogen phosphates, halogenated phosphonates esters dissocyanates may be utilized. and mixtures thereof. Amino condensation borates may be produced by contacting boric acid and amino condensation Component D compound under conditions Sufficient to prepare the amino condensation borates which may also be utilized as a flame 0020 Water or any other suitable blowing agent may be retardant compound. Amino condensation boron-phosphates utilize Such as acetone, methylisobutyl ketone, Freon, may be produced by contacting boron-phosphates and amino mechanical froth air, methyl chloride, carbon dioxide and condensation compounds under conditions Sufficient to pre mixtures thereof maybe used as the blowing agent. pare amino condensation boron-phosphate compounds which may also be utilized as a flame-retardant compound. Component E The Salt forming phosphorus containing compounds will 0021 Urethane catalyst such as tertiary amines and react with the amino condensation compounds to form an organic tin catalyst and other organic metal catalyst may be amino condensation Salt of a phosphorus containing com utilized in this invention. Some of the amine catalyst that pound. may be used are a mixture of 33%. 1,4-diaza-bicyclo-octane and 67% dipropylene glycol, a tertiary amine blowing agent, Component G and n,n',n", dimethylamino-propyl-hexahydrotriazine ter 0025) Any suitable filler may be used in this invention. tiary amine. The fillers that may be utilized in the flame retardant mixture are usually insoluble in the reaction mixtures.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix H EPA Hazardous Waste Law
    Appendix H EPA Hazardous Waste Law This Appendix is intended to give you background information on hazardous waste laws and how they apply to you. For most U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements that apply to the University, the Safety Department maintains compliance through internal inspections, record keeping and proper disposal. In Wisconsin, the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has adopted the EPA regulations, consequently EPA and DNR regulations are nearly identical. EPA defines This Appendix only deals with "hazardous waste" as defined by the EPA. hazardous waste as Legally, EPA defines hazardous waste as certain hazardous chemical waste. This hazardous chemical Appendix does not address other types of regulated laboratory wastes, such as waste; radioactive, infectious, biological, radioactive or sharps. Chapter 8 descibes disposal procedures infectious and biohazardous waste for animals. Chapter 9 describes disposal procedures for sharps and other waste that are regulated by can puncture tissue. Chapter 11 discusses Radiation and the Radiation Safety for other agencies. Radiation Workers provides guidelines for the disposal of radioactive waste. Procedures for medical waste are written by the UW Hospital Safety Officer. The Office of Biological Safety can provide guidance for the disposal of infectious and biological waste. EPA regulations focus on industrial waste streams. As a result, many laboratory chemical wastes are not regulated by EPA as hazardous chemical waste. However, many unregulated chemical wastes do merit special handling and disposal If a waste can be procedures. Thus, Chapter 7 and Appendix A of this Guide recommend disposal defined as: procedures for many unregulated wastes as if they were EPA hazardous waste.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX G Acid Dissociation Constants
    harxxxxx_App-G.qxd 3/8/10 1:34 PM Page AP11 APPENDIX G Acid Dissociation Constants §␮ ϭ 0.1 M 0 ؍ (Ionic strength (␮ † ‡ † Name Structure* pKa Ka pKa ϫ Ϫ5 Acetic acid CH3CO2H 4.756 1.75 10 4.56 (ethanoic acid) N ϩ H3 ϫ Ϫ3 Alanine CHCH3 2.344 (CO2H) 4.53 10 2.33 ϫ Ϫ10 9.868 (NH3) 1.36 10 9.71 CO2H ϩ Ϫ5 Aminobenzene NH3 4.601 2.51 ϫ 10 4.64 (aniline) ϪO SNϩ Ϫ4 4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid 3 H3 3.232 5.86 ϫ 10 3.01 (sulfanilic acid) ϩ NH3 ϫ Ϫ3 2-Aminobenzoic acid 2.08 (CO2H) 8.3 10 2.01 ϫ Ϫ5 (anthranilic acid) 4.96 (NH3) 1.10 10 4.78 CO2H ϩ 2-Aminoethanethiol HSCH2CH2NH3 —— 8.21 (SH) (2-mercaptoethylamine) —— 10.73 (NH3) ϩ ϫ Ϫ10 2-Aminoethanol HOCH2CH2NH3 9.498 3.18 10 9.52 (ethanolamine) O H ϫ Ϫ5 4.70 (NH3) (20°) 2.0 10 4.74 2-Aminophenol Ϫ 9.97 (OH) (20°) 1.05 ϫ 10 10 9.87 ϩ NH3 ϩ ϫ Ϫ10 Ammonia NH4 9.245 5.69 10 9.26 N ϩ H3 N ϩ H2 ϫ Ϫ2 1.823 (CO2H) 1.50 10 2.03 CHCH CH CH NHC ϫ Ϫ9 Arginine 2 2 2 8.991 (NH3) 1.02 10 9.00 NH —— (NH2) —— (12.1) CO2H 2 O Ϫ 2.24 5.8 ϫ 10 3 2.15 Ϫ Arsenic acid HO As OH 6.96 1.10 ϫ 10 7 6.65 Ϫ (hydrogen arsenate) (11.50) 3.2 ϫ 10 12 (11.18) OH ϫ Ϫ10 Arsenious acid As(OH)3 9.29 5.1 10 9.14 (hydrogen arsenite) N ϩ O H3 Asparagine CHCH2CNH2 —— —— 2.16 (CO2H) —— —— 8.73 (NH3) CO2H *Each acid is written in its protonated form.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrolysis and Atmospheric Oxidation Reactions of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acid Precursors
    Hydrolysis and Atmospheric Oxidation Reactions of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acid Precursors by Derek A. Jackson A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Chemistry University of Toronto © Copyright by Derek A. Jackson 2013 Hydrolysis and Atmospheric Oxidation Reactions of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acid Precursors Derek Andrew Jackson Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 2013 Abstract This dissertation explores a number of different environmentally relevant reactions that lead to the production of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), a family of environmental pollutants that does not undergo any further degradation pathways. The compound perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone (PFMP) is a new fire fighting fluid developed by 3M that is designed as a Halon replacement. The environment fate of PFMP with regards to direct photolysis, abiotic hydrolysis and hydration was determined using a combination of laboratory experiments and computational modeling. PFMP was found to undergo direct photolysis giving a lifetime of 4-14 days depending on latitude and time of year. Offline samples confirmed PFCA products and a mechanism was proposed. Polyfluorinated amides (PFAMs) are a class of chemicals produced as byproducts of polyfluorinated sulfonamide synthesis via electrochemical fluorination (ECF). Using synthesized standards of four model compounds, PFAMs were detected and quantified in a variety of legacy commercial materials synthesized by ECF. PFAMs were hypothesized to undergo biological hydrolysis reactions, suggesting their importance as historical PFOA precursors. ii The PFAMs were also investigated with regards to their environmental fate upon atmospheric oxidation. Using a smog chamber, the kinetics and degradation mechanisms of N- ethylperfluorobutyramide (EtFBA) were elucidated.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent 19 11 4,289,699 Oba Et Al
    United States Patent 19 11 4,289,699 Oba et al. 45 Sep. 15, 1981 54 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF Primary Examiner-Donald G. Daus N-(HYDROXYPHENYL) MALEIMEDES Assistant Examiner-D. B. Springer 75 Inventors: Masayuki Oba; Motoo Kawamata; Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Fisher, Christen & Sabol Hikotada Tsuboi; Nobuhito Koga, all 57 ABSTRACT of Yokohama, Japan N-(hydroxyphenyl) maleimides of the general formula 73 Assignee: Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated, Tokyo, Japan 21 Appl. No.: 88,825 (22 Filed: Oct. 26, 1979 N CO-m-CH Related U.S. Application Data (HO) 62) Division of Ser. No. 956,971, Nov. 2, 1978, Pat. No. 4,231,934. where R' stands for H, CH3, C2H5, F, Cl, Br or I and in 30 Foreign Application Priority Data is an integer of 1-5 are produced by treating the corre sponding maleamic acid or by treating the ester of said Nov. 2, 1977 (JP) Japan ................................ 52-130905 N-(hydroxyphenyl) maleimide at a temperature of Nov. 4, 1977 (JP Japan ................................ 52-3504 0-150° C. in the presence of at least one dehydrating 51) Int. Cl. .......................................... C07D 207/.452 agent selected for the group consisting of oxides and (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................... 260/326.5 FM oxyacids of sulfur or phosphorus and alkali metal and 58) Field of Search .............................. 260/326.5 FM alkaline earth metal salts of the said oxyacids. The cor responding maleamic acid can be obtained by reacting 56) - References Cited an aminophenol having one or more hydroxyl groups U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS on its phenyl nucleus with maleic anhydride.
    [Show full text]
  • An Interstellar Synthesis of Phosphorus Oxoacids
    ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06415-7 OPEN An interstellar synthesis of phosphorus oxoacids Andrew M. Turner1,2, Alexandre Bergantini 1,2, Matthew J. Abplanalp1,2, Cheng Zhu 1,2, Sándor Góbi 1,2, Bing-Jian Sun3, Kang-Heng Chao3, Agnes H.H. Chang3, Cornelia Meinert 4 & Ralf I. Kaiser 1,2 Phosphorus signifies an essential element in molecular biology, yet given the limited solubility of phosphates on early Earth, alternative sources like meteoritic phosphides have been proposed to incorporate phosphorus into biomolecules under prebiotic terrestrial conditions. Here, we report on a previously overlooked source of prebiotic phosphorus from interstellar 1234567890():,; phosphine (PH3) that produces key phosphorus oxoacids—phosphoric acid (H3PO4), phos- phonic acid (H3PO3), and pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7)—in interstellar analog ices exposed to ionizing radiation at temperatures as low as 5 K. Since the processed material of molecular clouds eventually enters circumstellar disks and is partially incorporated into planetesimals like proto Earth, an understanding of the facile synthesis of oxoacids is essential to untangle the origin of water-soluble prebiotic phosphorus compounds and how they might have been incorporated into organisms not only on Earth, but potentially in our universe as well. 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. 2 W.M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. 3 Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, 974 Hualien, Taiwan. 4 Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Nice, France. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.I.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Opinion on the Safety Evaluation of the Active Substances
    EFSA Journal 2013;11(6):3245 SCIENTIFIC OPINION Scientific Opinion on the safety evaluation of the active substances, iron, polyethyleneglycol, disodium pyrophosphate, monosodium phosphate and sodium chloride for use in food contact materials1 EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF)2, 3 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy ABSTRACT This scientific opinion of EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids deals with the safety evaluation of an iron based oxygen absorber, comprising polyethyleneglycol, disodium pyrophosphate, monosodium phosphate and sodium chloride. This mixture is incorporated in polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) articles intended to be in contact with foodstuffs for hot fill/pasteurisation and/or long term storage at room temperature. For dried and fatty foods, direct contact with the materials is envisaged whereas other food types will be separated from the active material by a layer that does not contain the active components. All the substances constituting the oxygen absorber system have been evaluated and authorised for use as plastic food contact materials, as food additives or as food supplements. Based on migration results, the specific migration limits for iron, polyethyleneglycol, pyrophosphoric acid salts, phosphoric acid salts and sodium chloride, and the tolerable intake of phosphorus (phosphate) are not expected to be exceeded when the oxygen absorber system is used under the intended conditions of use, notably
    [Show full text]
  • 19650003847.Pdf
    NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPO RT 8595 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A SURVEY OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOUNDS OF THE ELEMENTS CHNOPS i N65 2 CACC£S$IO NUMB£:R) CTHRU) ~ ___f£ / I- (PAGES) (CdOEI ::; ~ CIU - d -P?02c2/ :33 (NASA CR OR TMX OR AD NUMBER) (CATEQORY) Progress Report for the Period 1 August to 31 October 1964 to National Aeronautics and Space Administration GPO PRICE $ _____ OTS PRICE(S) $ 1 November 1964 Hard copy (He) of· cJV r Microfiche (MF) __....;... : .:::.j~I?J~_ <@> U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARD S The ational Bureau of Standards is a principal focal point in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical and engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce. It responsibilities include development and main tena nce of the national stand· ards of measurement, and the provisions of means for making measurements consi tent with those standard ; determination of physical constants and properties of materials; development of methods for testing materials, mechanisms, and structures, and making such tests as may be nece sary, particu­ larl: for ~overn ment agencies; cooperation in the establi hment of standard practices for incorpora­ tion in codes and specifications; advisory service to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; invention and development of device to serve special needs of the Government: assi tance to indus! r). business. and consumers in the development and acceptance of commercial tandard and simplified trade practice recommendations; administration of programs in cooperation with United tates bu iness groups and standards organizations for the development of international standard of practice; and maintenance of a clearinghouse for the collection and dis emination of scientific, tech­ nical.
    [Show full text]
  • 1301:7-9-03 Reporting Requirements for Hazardous Substances and List of Hazardous Substances
    1301:7-9-03 Reporting requirements for hazardous substances and list of hazardous substances. (A) Purpose. For the purpose of prescribing rules pursuant to section 3737.88 of the Revised Code, the fire marshal hereby adopts this rule to establish reporting requirements for underground storage tank systems that contain hazardous substance(s) and to list those substances which are hereby identified as hazardous substances. This rule is adopted by the fire marshal in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code and shall not be considered a part of the "Ohio Fire Code". (B) Definitions. For the purpose of this rule: (1) "Release of a hazardous substance" means: (a) Any spilling, leaking, emitting, discharging, escaping, leaching or disposing of a hazardous substance(s) from an underground storage tank system into the ground water, a surface water body, subsurface soils or otherwise into the environment; (b) Any spilling, leaking, emitting, discharging, escaping, or disposing of a hazardous substance(s) into ground water, a surface water body, subsurface soils or otherwise into the environment while transferring or attempting to transfer a hazardous substance(s) into an underground storage tank system; or (c) Contamination of subsurface soils or ground water on the UST site by a hazardous substance(s) found and confirmed through laboratory analysis of samples from the UST site. (2) "Suspected release of a hazardous substance" means evidence of a release of a hazardous substance(s) obtained through one or more of the following events: (a)
    [Show full text]
  • LIGAND FORMULA INDEX Order of Elements: C,Il,O,N, Others In
    LIGAND FORMULA INDEX Order of elements: C,Il,O,N, others in alphabetical order. - AsF6 74 HO 1 Br - 115 HOBr 134 Br6Ir 135 HOC1 134 HOI 134 CHON 28 H02N 47 CHN 26 H0 2C1 134 CHNS 29 H031 126 CH203 37 H04NF 2S2 135 - CH2N2 135 H0 4S 79 CH2S3 131 H0 4Se 93 CH2S4 131 H0 4Tc 135 CH2Se3 131 HF 96 CNSe 35 HN3 45 C2N3 36 H20Z 75 C4H204Fe 135 H2OZN2 53, 135 - C4N3 36 H203N2 135 C5H05Mn 135 H203FP 132 C6H4 N6Fe 21 H203S 78 3- C6N6Co 24 HZ03SZ 86 3- C6N6Fe 22 HZ03Se 91 C8H3N8W 135 H204Cr 17 C8H4N8W 135 H204Mn 135 H204Mo 18 C1 104 H204S2 135 3- C1 6Ir 135 H204W 19 H205S 133 F6P 74 H208S2 89 253 254 LIGAND FORMULA INDEX H2S 76 H4N2 43 H2S4 133 H50NlS 132 H2S5 133 H502Nl 132 H2Se 90 H505Sb 133 H2Te 94 H505Ta 135 H30N 44 H506NP 2 71 H302P 54 H5061 129 H303NS 88 H501oP3 63 H303As 132 H606N3P3 72 H303B 25 H606Te 134 H30l 55 H6013P4 66 H30lS 132 H6018P6 70 H304NS 133 H708Nl3 71 H304As 133 H7016P5 135 H304P 56 H8019Nb 6 131 H304V 15 H8019P6 135 H305P 131 H8024P8 70 H309P3 68 H1604l14 135 H3N 40 H620121P60 135 HlS4 132 H403NP 132 I 122 H404Ge 131 H404Si 39 ON 135 H 0 Te - 4 4 95 °3N 48 H 0 P 4 6 2 72, 73 °3Br 121 H 0 P S 4 6 2 2 135 °3C1 113 H 0 P 2- 4 7 2 59 °3SSe 88 H 0 P 4 8 2 73 °4C1 114 H 0 FP - 4 9 3 135 °4Mn 135 H 0 P 69 - 4 12 4 °4Re 20 LIGAND NAME INDEX Ammonia, 40 Hydrogen amidophosphate, 132 Antimonic acid, 133 Hydrogen amidosu1fate, 88 Arsenic acid, 133 Hydrogen antimonate, 133 Arsenous acid, 132 Hydrogen arsenate, 133 Hydrogen arsenite, 132 Boric acid, 25 Hydrogen azide, 45 Bromate ion, 121 Hydrogen borate, 25 Bromide ion, 115 Hydrogen carbonate,
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Atented Sept
    3,151,150 United States Patent Office atented Sept. 28, 1964 1. 2 cussed in Chemical Week (September 27, 1958), pp. 3,554,450 53-54, Chemical Engineering (June 1, 1957), pp. 42-44, PROCESS FOR THE MANUEFACTURE OF ACRYELONTRLE Chemical and Engineering News (December 1, 1958), pp. onas Karact, New York, N.Y.; Edna Yadven. Kamiet, 49 and 98, and by Sennewald and Steil in Chemie-In executrix of said Josias Kanet, deceased, assignor, by genieur-Technik, 30, #7, 440-446 (1958). mesne assign eats, to Edia Y. Kaanet, doing business It is the purpose of my invention to provide a process as The Kainie Laboratories, New York, N.Y. for the manufacture of acrylonitrile from acetaldehyde No Drawing. Fied Sept. 4, 1959, Ser. No. 839,570 and hydrogen cyanide which does not require reagents 4 Clains. (C. 260-465.9) other than acetaldeyhde and HCN and does not involve O by-product recovery, which does not require concentra This invention relates to a process for the manufacture tion and re-constitution of intermediates, and which gives of acrylonitrile. More particularly, this invention relates yields in excess of 90% of theory. to a process whereby acrylonitrile may be manufactured, The basis of my invention is the finding that acryloni in good yields, from cheap and readily available industrial trile may be obtained in excellent yield by the steps of: intermediates-acetaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. (a) reacting lactonitrile (made from acetaldehyde and hy Acrylonitrile has become an extremely important chem drogen cyanide) with pre-formed acrylonitrile, in the ical article of commerce, widely used in the manufacture, presence of a basic catalyst, to form alpha,beta'-dicyano of synthetic rubbers, plastics, fibers, films, plasticizers, dye diethyl ether (alpha,beta'-oxydipropionitrile): stuffs, pharmaceuticals, solvents and other products.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office 202,838
    Patented Jan. 14, 1936 2,027,838 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 202,838. sTABILIZING HYDROGENPEROXDE solu TONS WITH PYROPHOSPORIC ACD Joseph S. Reichert, Niagara Falls, N.Y., assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., Wilmington, Del, a corporation of Delaware 49 No Drawing. Application September 12, 1932, Seria No. 632,796 8 Claims. (CI. 23-251) This invention relates to the stabilization of shipped in commerce, i.e. about 10-volume or hydrogen peroxide solutions and more specifi-. higher, and to provide a high concentration per cally to the stabilization of the high concentra oxide solution which can be shipped and stored tion acid hydrogen peroxide Solution as COm for relatively long periods without serious losses. monly transported. I have discovered that pyrophosphoric acid is In general it should be stated that hydrogen an excellent stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide sor peroxide solutions are of two kinds, the first lutions of the nature described above. By stabil those which are transported and which are usu izing hydrogen peroxide solutions with pyropros ally of relatively high concentrations, e. g. 10 phoric acid, the combined stabilizing effect of voluné or stronger, and which have been acidi the hydrogen ion and the pyrophosphate ion is 10 10 fied in Order to have maximum stability, and obtained. Hydrogen peroxide solutions stabilized secondly, the more dilute, alkaline hydrogen per with pyrophosphoric acid show only very small Oxide Solutions, losses when stored for long periods of time even bleaching purposes.as . are. commonly used for at temperatures higher than the normal storage 5 For bleaching purposes it has been found more temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • Which the Phosphorylating Entity Derives from a Diester of Phosphoric Acid, and (2) Downloaded by Guest on September 25, 2021 1390 CHEMISTRY: A
    VOL. 45, 1959 CHEMISTRY: A. TODD 1389 14 Jervis, R. E., D. R. Muir, J. P. Butler, and A. R. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 2855 (1953); Davies, J. A., R. L. Kay, and A. R. Gordon, J. Chem. Phys., 19, 149 (1951). 15 Sadek, H., and R. M. Fuoss, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76,5897 (1954). 16 Evers, C. E., and A. G. Knox, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, 1739 (1951). 17 Gilkerson, W. R., J. Chem. Phys., 25, 1199 (1956). 18 Accascina, F., A. D'Aprano, and R. M. Fuoss, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 1058 (1959). 19 Fuoss, R. M., J. B. Berkowitz, E. Hirsch, and S. Petrucci, these PROCEEDINGS, 41, 27 (1958). 20 Ref. 1, Table 17.1, p. 241. 21 Mead, D. J., R. M. Fuoss, and C. A. Kraus, Trans. Faraday Soc., 32, 594 (1936); Tucker, L. M., and C. A. Kraus, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 69, 454 (1947). 22 Burgess, D. S., and C. A. Kraus, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70, 706 (1948); Luder, W. F., and C. A. Kraus, ibid., 69, 248 (1947). 23 McDowell, M. J., and C. A. Kraus, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, 329 (1951); Reynolds, M. B., and C. A. Kraus, Ibid., 70, 1709 (1948). 24 Fuoss, R. M., and C. A. Kraus, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 79, 3304 (1957). SOME ASPECTS OF PHOSPHATE CHEMISTRY* By SIR ALEXANDER TODD UNIVERSITY CHEMICAL LABORATORY, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND Communicated July 17, 1959 During the past fifteen to twenty years a very large amount of work has been done on organic phosphates and polyphosphates.
    [Show full text]