M81 QUARTZ BATIERY CLOCK MOVEMENT NEAR PURE ACCURACY • 4,194,304 Hz Quartz Crystal Oscillator. • Accurate to±1 minute a year (59°tO 77°F). • Operational Range 14°F to 122°F (-10°C to +50°C). • Slide Switch, exact to the second setting. • Movement Size: 80 X 60 X 27 mm. SECOND HAND, IF USED, ADVANCES AT PRECISE ONE SECOND INTERVALS. A PRICE BREAK FROM CAS-KER CO. You will find the QZB movement in new clocks retailing at '1 000° and up. Volume production for new clocks lowers the per unit cost of manufacturing and we pass the savings to you.

1 or 2 @ $11.95 each PRICES INCLUDE POLISHED BRASS HANDS, ETC. 3 to 9 @ $10.50 each 10 to 24 @ $9.75 each I CARTON OF 25 at $8.40 each I

M80 TRANSISTORIZED MOVEMENT The Movement That Is Known for Excellent Quality, Durability and Long Life!

• A favorite of manufacturers, this movement offers highest reliability and, from Cas­ Ker Company, a favorable price to the repairman.

e M80 movements are more accurate than most: accurate within 10 seconds per day powered by the same battery for over a year!

• A most useful replacement clock movement for the repairman. It operates small Stock table clocks to large wall clocks. No. M80 Prices Include Polished Brass Hands, Mounting Nuts, Hangers, etc. ITWO YEAR GUARANTEE! 1 or 2 @ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • $8.00 each 3 to 9 @ • • •••••••••••• $7.50 each CARTON of 25 at $6.00 each 10 to 24 @ •••••••••••••• $7.00 each Hands Included Sweep Second Hands with MSO and M81: 30¢ Each Additional. Add $1.50 for Shipping Orders. Executive & Editon'al Offices AWl Central P.O. Box 11011 L 3700 Harrison Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45211 Telephone (513) 661-3838

Harold J. Herman ...... Editor Thomas J. Herman..... Managing Editor Volume II, Number 8 September 1978 Patricia Borger ...... Associate Editor Mildred Howard ... Circulation Manager Official Publication of the American Watchmakers Institute Paula Hill...... Art Director Michael Danner. . . . . Business Manager Lee Rothan ...... Circulation CONTENTS Technical Editors FEATURES Henry Fried Les Smith THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Orville Hagans Jerry Jaeger by Orville R. Hagans ...... 4 William 0. Smith, Jr. Jim Broughton Jim Tigner Bob Nelson THE ESSENCE OF CLOCK REPAIR Pat Monk Ewell Hartman The Double Fusee English Wall Clock by Sean C. "Pat" Monk . . 8 Marvin Whitney Joe Crooks QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Officers Wooden Wheel Clock by Henry B. Fried ...... 12 Orville R. Hagans CMW ,CMC. . President Leslie L. Smith,CMW ...... 1st V.P. FASTER TIMING AND TESTING-BY ANALOG Joe Crooks...... 2nd V.P. by Ewell Hartman ...... 16 Karl Buttner CMW ...... Secretary Marvin Whitney CMW ,CMC. . . Treasurer IN THE SPOTLIGHT One Wheel Clock by Orville R. Hagans ...... 20 Directors THE SHIP'S CHRONOMETER Joe Crooks by Marvin E. Whitney ...... 24 Henry B. Fried CMW, CMC Ewell Hartman CMW INSIDE THE CLOCK SHOP Gerald G. Jaeger CMW The Graham Dead Beat Escapement by James L. Tigner ...... 26 Donald Leverenz SIMPLE ADAPTER FOR MEASURING Charles H. Mann Sean C. (Pat) Monk CMW CURRENT CONSUMPTION Robert A. Nelson CMW by Edward F. Rice and Gerald G. Jaeger ...... 30 Marshall Richmond CMW AFFILIATE CHAPTER COLUMN Leslie L. Smith CMW by Willard Blakley ...... 32 William 0. Smith, Jr. Marvin E. Whitney CMW, CMC AWINEWS Sources by Milton C. Stevens ...... 34 Affiliate Chapter Director SCHOLASTICALLY SPEAKING Willard Blakley CMW by Deane L. Jenne ...... 36 Research & Education Director WHAT CAN BE DONE TO ENTICE YOUNG PEOPLE INTO A Deane L. Jenne CMW CAREER OF WATCHMAKING AND JEWELRY REPAIR by Marvin Whitney ...... 38

HOROLOGICAL TIMES is published monthly and copyrighted by the American Watchmakers EXTRAS Institute, Harold J. Herman, Editor. Subscrip­ tion, $25.00 per year, $4.00 per copy in the 47 ...... New Products Bench Tip ...... 51 United States and $36.00 per year, $5.00 per 48 ...... Book Review Classified Ads ...... 52 copy outside the United States. Second class 49 ...... New Members Dates to Remember...... 55 postage paid at Cincinnati, Ohio. Copyright © 50 ...... News in the Trade Advertisers' Index ...... 56 1978 by American Watchmakers Institute.

September 1978 Horological Times I OuR READERS WRITE

Well Balanced Magazine

I thoroughly enjoy the Horological Times. I find it a well balanced A photographer fights a battle in his search for per­ magazine-there is something for everyone in it. My wife (and I) enjoy fection. To stop action, the lens aperture is opened the beautiful covers each month-they are so beautiful and certainly and the shutter speed is increased. Action is stopped worthy of framing. Also, I find the blend of technical articles with but corner clarity and depth of field are sacrificed. news items and AWI news enjoyable. Each month when my copy arrives, I read it immediately from front to back. My compliments Close the aperture and decrease shutter speed. The on OUR magazine. photo has good depth of field and the comers show sharp, except the moving subject is blurred. So then, Thomas Smithers use a faster speed film so that a quick shutter speed New Orleans, Louisiana can be used and the lens aperture can be closed. Sorry, faster speed films are grainier than slow speed What page am I on? films and overall quality is affected. So of the tri­ angle of shutter speed, lens aperture, and film speed, First let me say that the content of Horological Times is very valuable to me as a watchmaker and clockmaker, however, I have one com­ only two conditions can be ideal. plaint. I've noticed that the pages featuring full-page ads do not have page numbers. What good then is your Advertisers' Index? This difficult triangle is faced daily by a top notch salesman in a business other than the jewelry and R.F. Moore repair industry. His success is attributed to integrity Chicago, Illinois and being candid. He says, "Price quality, service; (Editor's note: This problem will be remedied in a forthcoming issue.) pick any two." His customers are seldom disappoint­ ed and remain as loyal to him as he is to them. Where have you gone, Jerry Jaeger?

With a watch or clock repair, if you estimate a low I am an avid reader of Horological Times. I have noticed that only upon occasion is a technical article by Gerald G. Jaeger included. I price and give a quality repair, can you give quick found those articles to be very informative and would hope to see service? If you estimate a low price and fast service, articles by Mr. Jaeger more often. I'm sure I represent a majority of can you give a quality job? If you promise fast service our readers' views on this subject. and a quality job, can you charge a low price? Should you promise all three comers of the triangle, check Leslie Abbott Philadelphia, Pennsylvania your financial position. It may not be as solid as it should be. Examine your approach to your customers (Editor's note: Our editorial staff will discuss your suggestion. Thank so that the transaction is beneficial to both of you. you for writing.)

Compliments to James Tigner

The articles by Mr. James Tigner which appear in your journal are About the Co11er outstanding-! know I can always count on his article to be well written and informative.

M.T. Schirmer Los Angeles, California

The cover of the September Ship's Chronometer issue features a picture of aspen trees near Lake City, I have been reading Horological Times from cover to cover since it Colorado. began a year and a half ago, and had to write to tell you how much I enjoy it. I think that the present series by Marvin Whitney on the ship's chronometer is especially worthwhile. The information given in his series is well worth the price of the magazine. Keep up the good work, Mr. Whitney.

Irvin Messerschmidt Miami, Florida

2 Horological Times September 19 78 YOUR CHOICE­ NO MINIMUM

for the roo~ EACH MODERN All in packages WATCHMAKER All fresh-guaranteed A BIG, All one price NEW, Save up to AFFORDABLE ~~~~~~~~~~~~----~50% BOOK OTHER RW42 303 WS14 Timex A 357 10L14 Bulova 288 RW44 301 WS11 TimexD 386 REPAIRING QUARTZ LED, LCD AND ANALOG RW47 384 WS10 WATCHES has a section on each, another on testing instru­ 10L125 ments. It gives detailed analysis and expert advice on re­ pairing the main calibres and modules currently in use. RW48 309 180 illustrated pages and 300 diagrams, tables and photo­ 393 graphs make it an indispensable problem-solver for the RW49 389 Watchmaker who must provide after-sales service for these RW51 387 W2 Bulova 214 watches, millions of which are now in use. ( ) No. BS 3-Reg. $31.25-SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY RW52 313 WH3 PRICE $27.50 RW54 354 10R11 RW56 343 WH4 Timex B EBAUCHES SA 0 - ··- WH12NM Bulova 218 LATEST RW57 325 WH1 CATALOG RW58 323 WH6 TimexC Identifies range Ebauchcs movements, RW25 365 10L19 each shown <:~.ctual size. 10L129 Elimates error in order­ ing replacement parts. 69-CENTS EACH- NO MINIMUM- RAY-0-VAC DITRDNIC- 69-CENTS EACH Printed in English, l-'rcnch. and German. Longer-life patented divalent silver formula Ray-0-Vac Watch Energy Indispensable tool. Cells are guaranteed against leakage damage-protection for you and your customer.

EBAUCHES SA WATCHMAKERS DICTIONARY Over 2500 watchmaker's terms - illustrated. Printed in English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish.

( ) Send _No. BSW 2 @ $24.00 each TlMEX MODELS Men's Electric. Electronic.~ . "Quartz. Dtgital L C 0 5 function - ··Electric (prior 1o 19711 -·sEiectric(19711o~tl Men"s Digitall C 0 2 function Watch Cells -·s Oigilal L C 0 21unction & Slurdion Men's Dtoital L E 0 {2 cells reQuired) Digital LC 0 6function(w/1ight) In 5-packs-no minimum pack-quantity. Circle battery - s Digital L C 0 61unction (w/1~1) numbers wanted, mark quantity of 5-packs to be sent. AT Men s ~gital L E 0 $.69 EACH, most-popular numbers: - ·s Oigttal L C 0 end L E 0 301 __ 303 __ 323 __343 __ 357 __ 386 __ ( 2 cells reQuired) Suggested Consumer Price $63.00-Suggested Retailer Price-$37 .80 392_393__ . AT $.99 EACH : 309__ 313_ 325 __354 __ 355 __ 384 __ 387__ 388 __ MARSHALL-SWARTCHILD PRICE, THIS MONTH ONLY -$30.24- SAVE $7.56 389 __ AT $1.59 EACH, Hamilton 500, 201 ___ ( ) Send_ TIMEX Asstmt. 1542 PHONE ORDERS TOLL-FREE, WEEKDAYS 9-4 "MORE FOR YOUR DOLLAR AT MARSHALL-SWARTCHILD" (Chicago)-ILLINOIS 800-972-3776-0THER STATES t------""""1 (except Alaska, Hawaii) 800-621-4767. MAIL ORDERS­ Quick credit to accounts well rated by either P.O. Box 716, Chicago, IL 60690. Or come in and see us! Dun & Bradstreet or Jewelers Board of Trade ~ARSHALL-~WARTCHILD Name 2040 Milwaukaa Ava .. Chicago. ll 60647 - 312/278-2300 Firm ------

1512 Commarca St., Dallas. TX 75201 - 214-741-1454 Address ------657 Mission St.. San Francisco. CA 94105-415-421-2153 1425 Fourth Alia .. SaaHia. WA 98101 - 206-682-6158 City-State-ZiP------iiiiSSS5 SSSSSSSSSsss tStSSiSSSSS88SSii562220 SSS~S£53!! SS!SSS!565 SESSSSSIE SSEiiSSEi i

by Orville R. Hagans

gsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss~ ssss:;ssssssssss:::ss sossssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

We are confronted with ... Changing times and you of the horological profession are Hot Line, a panel of experts to answer individual technical most fortunate to have established a powerful institute which problems, your monthly publication, Horological Times, or is meeting this challenge of changing times, providing you take the research and compilation of additional bench courses and advantage of modern technical advancements offered by the technical articles. Institute. Also for your information, correspondence courses Many older technicians are reluctant to accept the in watch repair and clock repair and blueprints for watch breakthroughs in technology (some hard to believe), for they and clock construction are available. Work is progressing on underestimate the new. If you hope to keep your income Clock Bench Seminars. abreast of our ever-expanding economy, you must devote more time to acquiring knowledge of advances in modern Time is your business and livelihood. Profit from technology. AWI is equipped to assist its member to keep your investment in AWl; take time to improve your knowledge up-to-date, but you must make the decision to use the services and income. Attend more meetings, encourage others to im­ available, for this is the only means for your personal well­ prove their status and you are bound to profit through fellow­ being and advancement. ship and exchange of ideas. It is reported in most all research reports published that technical education will surpass liberal arts for acquiring jobs, but not unless you keep abreast of modern technology. One of America's leading newsletters, after extensive research, predicts that in "dollars," sales, service, and profits will triple by the end of the 80s. This is what you can count on if you keep up with total business growth which is now 2 trillions, reaching 4 tril­ lions in 1985, over 6 trillions in 1990, and prices doubling ESEMBL-0-GRAF LIBRARY in 1990. 28 Volumes, Pittsburgh, 1955. Ozronograph re­ These figures are staggering and our only salvation pairing is made easy by the fully-illustrated, Step­ is to seriously consider facts and be able to meet this constant­ by-Step disassembly and assembly procedure. Each ly increasing economy. It is not going to disappear, but you slim volume is used as a tool right at the bench. can meet it by keeping abreast of modern technology and If you have never repaired a chronograph, these good business practices. You must in order to survive. books will show you how. If you are familiar with chronograph repair, the library will enable you to Your Institute offers the means of keeping up with save time. the times. Use the services available as listed in "A Guide for 28 Volumes ...... $200.00 Program Chairmen from AWL" Consult your program chair­ man, review the programs available, and arrange for systematic (Hamilton 500 Manuals free while they last with the use. purchase of the Esembl-0-Graph Library) There are 44 slide and cassette tape programs, 41 pro­ grams by speakers using slides, film, etc., and 8 bench courses, Write E.O.G., P.O.Box 11011, a total of 95 programs and many more being perfected. This does not take into consideration the 24-hour Cincinnati, OH 45211

4 Horological Times September 1978 Are you looking for the most reliable ... most accurate battery-operated quartz movement available today ... at the most reasonable price?

MODEL 751

ThJs could be your aaswerl The Junghans into it ... service-free at least 5 years. Simple, fast The 751 movemeat is made in West Germany Model 751 is a leader in the new generation of clock installation ... just one center fixation nut. All this plus under rigid quality control management ... made by movements. Experience and knowledge in quartz a no-hassle warranty for 18 months from date of Junghans, exceptional clock makers for the past UO technology plus advanced clock expertise, translates manufacture. years. Junghans has been the leader In quartz crystal into reality an exceptional movement. The 751 is an movements . .. mass produdng them for the pa.st 10 original ... not a copy. SPECIFICATIONS years. You can feel confident that you are using and Quartz frequency: 4,194304 MHz U yo a de.at.aad reliability . .. this is the move­ offering the finest. Top quality dock movements Converter frequency: 1 Hz ... right for the dock maker, and an exceptional time ment for you. The 751 has solid-state bin a!}' divider Circuitry which reinforces its dependability. The high Rated voltage: 1,5 v piece for the ultimate buyer. quality stepping motor actuates the sell-lubricating Operating voltage range: 1,2 v- 1,7 v If yo a demaad a reasoaable price ... you wheel and dial chains fabricated from extremely dur­ Average current don't have to look any further! able synthetics ... for reliable analog hour, minute consumption: <260~-tA at 1.4V 1 to 3 units ...... $12.75 each and second readouts. A minimum of moving parts Operating temperature 4 to 12 units ...... 9.95 each means straightforward, rugged mechanics for long range: ooc- + 50°C 13 to 24 units ...... 9.76 each life. Micro-ampere power consumption ... operates a Storage temperature: -20°C- + 70°C 25 units ...... 7.66 each year or more on one fresh 'C' ceO flashlight battery. Voltage dependency between 100 units ...... 6.95 each If yoa demaad accuracy . .. the 751 is for you. 1.2 and 1.6V: <1,5 X 1CJ6 Please add $3 for each 25 units for shipping. Ask us The Mega-Hertz quartz time standard produces over Temperature coefficient in the about our annual blanket order and drop-shipment 4 million impulses-per-second . . . this means accu­ 7 II range ooc to + 60°C: <5 X 1 CJ /°C arrangement. We' give you a very low price . .. with racy plus or minus one minute annually ... trouble­ minimal inventories. You'll like it. -free performance you can rely on. Aging: <3 x 1 o-•;a Average alignment accuracy <2 X 1CJ6 Or, if it is more convenient, contact your local Great fuactioa from sach a SIDall package. at 1.4 V and + 22°C: (ca. 60 s/a) Junghans' wholesaler. A mere 94 x 64 x 30 mm has a lot of reliability built Installation position: Any Weight: .150 lbs.

Keeping good time ... economically ... is our only business! Junghanslservice center co.

5605 NORTH PETERSON AVE., SEDALIA, COLORADO 80135, PHONE (303) 688-4123, TELEX 45-891 Members of WMJDA Visit AWl Central

Sixteen members of the WMJDA attended the second annual VISITATION DAY in Cincinnati, Ohio. On the fust day the WMJDA members visited the E. &. J. Swigart Company and the Cas-Ker Company material houses in Cincinnati, Ohio. Here they observed first-hand techniques for pTocessing orders, keeping inventory, placing orders and handling ac­ counts receivable. Most observers were keenly interested in the "back order" procedure employed at these two leading material houses. The second day of the visitation was spent at AWI Central where the members of the WMJDA got a first-hand look at the AWl Museum, Ubrary, and everyday business operation. Most members were keenly interested to see the Horological Times operation which is housed on the second floor of AWl Central; others were impressed with AWl's technical files and membership services. As a result of the AWI visit and exchange of mutual ideas, WMJDA and AWI have developed a closer working relationship which will be used to help both organizations better serve the American watchmaker. AWl Museum area. Mr. Eugene Swigart in the museum at AWL Mr. Bernie Nest examihes the ldle-Tyme clock.

Darkroom at Horological Times.

6 'Horological Times September 19 78 TH£ J£W£L£R'S l WATCHMAK£R'S CONSTANT COMPANION Mo Beresh ineo Jeweler's & Watchmaker's Supplies IN STOCK IMPORTED & DOMESTIC WATCH PARTS Complete Line of Materials for Longines, Bulova, Seiko, Etc.

• All Orders Shipped Same Day As Received Throughout U.S.A. & Canada • Your # 1 Distributor for Timex Watches & Materials • A Complete Crystal Line & Cutting Service • We Carry a Fine Selection of Clock Movements & Parts • Full Jewelers· Findings Needs • Tools for Watchmakers. Clockmakers. & Jewelers A MAJOR SUPPLI£R OF 8ATT£RifS

EverReady Other Quantity Rayovac Interchange Interchanges Price RW22 303 Timex A, WS14, EPX 77, GS14, SB-A9 .60 *RW42 357 10L 14, G13, 228, Timex J .60 •RW44 386 Timex H, 10L124, G-12 .60

•RW47 392 10L125, 247, Timex K .60 •RW48 393 Timex F, 1OL 123, SR48 .60 ALL OTHER CELLS AT COMPARABLE SAVINGS! WE ALSO STOCK ALKALINE BATTERIES 0, C, AA, AAA, 9 VOLT *Ditronlc Long Life (Up To 40% Longer Lasting) NO ORDERS TOO LARGE OR SMALL! First Time Customers. Please Specify Quantity on Chart Above and Send with this Convenient Order Form:

FIRM: ATTN: ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP: Mo Bere~h IDCo• 21700 Greenfield • Suite 353 • Oak Park, Mich. 48237 Phone (313) 968-2930 Essence of Clock Repair© by Sean C. "Pat" Monk CMW

THE DOUBLE FUSEE ENGLISH WALL CLOCK (Circa 1850) Part XXXVI

This particular specimen of double fusee wall clock came into over a smooth steel rod. The latter process, described briefly our workshop in near mint condition. However, the dial in Part XXVI, Horological Times, should not only be done had been changed at some time. We checked with our cus­ over the whole length of the chain. It should be done over tomer on this issue and were informed that the original dial the whole length and reversed, and then suppled the other was painted on, although unsigned by the maker. We under­ way. Second, the initial tensioning of the fusee chains (to stand that the dials of later clocks of this variety were usually take up slack and provide initial power) should be achieved signed by or for the maker, often including the town or loca­ by carefully loosening the clicks and rotating the ratchets tion of origin. about four to six teeth, under tension, before allowing the The clock is English and circa 1850. The plates are clicks to fall into the ratchet teeth and retightened. During this 1/8 inch brass, good and solid. The wooden piecrust collar process the clicks may be held secure for turning in the jaws of the case, surrounding the bezel, is old mahogany. The glass of a blunt pair of end cutting pliers. is set into a bevel in the bezel, the bubbles in its plane in­ dicating antiquity, if not originality. The movement has two fusee trains, operating the going and the hour strike mech­ anisms. Figure 1 shows our clock on the wall , the newness of the dial being very apparent. We previously discussed the operation of the fusee itself in the November 1977 issue of Horological Times. It might be important to mention a couple of important tech­ nical factors in regard to the setting up of the fusee. First, the two chains should be soaked in benzene (or some equivalent cleaning solution) overnight, before reinstalling them in the clock movement. They should then be thoroughly wiped off with a lint-free cloth, lightly lubricated with a fine clock oil or a slight clock grease of one's choice and finally suppled

Figure 2. Rack Striking Work. Figure 1.

8 Horological Times September 19 78 ThisSeiko Technical library can make you a Seiko expert.

The Seiko Technical Library contains every­ 4. Seiko Casing Parts List-How to identify thing you need to know about repairing Seiko and order casing parts such as crowns, watches. It's complete, very informative and gaskets, hands, dials, crystals, etc. easy-to-use. Our 4-volume set includes: Sei ko has a nationwide network of 150 1. Seiko Watch Technical Guide-Useful authorized material distributors who are fully information outlining the disassembly stocked with quality Seiko parts. Which means and reassembly of all basic Seiko movements. you'll have no difficulty getting the parts you 2. Seiko Watch Parts Catalog-A complete need whenever you need them-to repair breakdown of both men's and ladies' watch any model we sell. movements. Makes the identification and To get your complete Seiko Technical ordering of all Seiko parts simple and easy. Library, send your check or money order for 3. Seiko Watch Parts Interchangeability $15.00 to: Seiko Time Corporation, Technical List-Save money on stock parts control Service Department, 404 Fifth Avenue, by knowing the relationships of parts New York, N.Y. 10018. SEIKQ common to various Seiko calibres. drops into the deep step of the snail, the rack moves to its extreme position. After the warning, there exists an interval before the gathering pallet finally becomes free, primarily because the tail of the gathering pallet is locked against a steel pin set in the left end of the rack. Once free, however, and with the rack toe positioned agajnst a specific step on the hour snail, the gathering pallet (which is one-toothed) will com­ mence to pick up the correct number of teeth on the rack. The number of teeth picked up will correspond to the partic­ ular hour step on the snail. When the correct number of teeth has been gathered up by the gathering pallet, the tail of the latter (the long end, opposite its one tooth) comes to rest against a steel pin set into the left end of the rack and the strike is arrested once more. The actual speed of the strike is controlled by a large fly (sometimes called a fan) whose pinion meshes directly with the warning wheel. The hour strike is operated off pins set around the rim of the pin wheel. The latter is actually the second wheel (next to the great wheel, or fusee barrel) in the strike train, its pinion meshing directly with the great wheel. The pins on the pin wheel kick against an arm on the hammer arbor, the latter being tensioned against a strong flat steel tension spring, shown to the left side of the back plate in Figure 4.

Figure 3.

Striking Action

When the minute hand is rotated clockwise, a motion wheel on the center arbor which rotates once an hour meshes with a minute wheel (having the same number of teeth) which also rotates once an hour. The minute wheel (see Figures 2 and 3) can clearly be seen to the right. Close to its periphery a steel pin is attached. Therefore, this pin (once per hour and at its high point) comes into contact with the toe of the lifting piece, causing it to kick upwards. This action, by way of a warning piece (see Figure 2), frees a pin on the warning wheel, the last strike train wheel before the fly, or fan. During the short period between the warning and actual striking, the warning piece is stopped against the warning wheel pin. Once the pin is released, the strike train is released and the gath~ring pallet commences to rotate. Just prior to this action however, the lifting piece boss (the rounded left end in Figures 2 and 3) Figure 4. raises the rack hook. We see that the rack tail is spring loaded by a tension spring. When the rack hook is raised, this spring The hour strike occurs on a cast iron bell (top of allows the rack to fall under tension. The amount of this fall Figure 3) and may be best described as deliberate and clear. is determined by the arrest pin on the rack tail which comes This is the way these English clocks were intended, especially into contact with the hour snail. We must make it clear that as they were usually set in some part of the premises where this latter action, however takes place before the warning their clarion sound was necessary to alert the tenants that time piece frees the pin on the warning wheel, freeing the strike was to be specifically noted. train. Figure 3 shows better than Figure 2 that the warning The time train is of the usual English steel pallet piece actually passes through a slot in the front plate, the slot or anchor type, having a 32-toothed escape wheel, with square showing quite dark in the photo. recoil. The steel pallet arm protrudes from behind the back plate, The position of the rack after its arrest pin has the steel crutch (impulse) pin being visible on the left, slightly settled against the hour snail is dependent upon which part of above center in Figure 4. The pendulum itself is suspended the snail the arrest pin falls against. The snail itself is cut into inside the case, hanging on a 1 ~-inch steel suspension spring, steps, so that at one o'clock there is only a very small move­ and having a brass shelled lead bob weighing exactly 2 lbs. ment of the rack while at twelve o'clock when the rack tail 0

10 Horological Times September 1978 ~ Top is removed lJ by snapping open~ 1 latches- no screws to remove.

[0' The hood is con- structed to _providey max1mum a1r move- ment and create a powerful suction so that dust, lint and polishing powders are removed from the air, keeping your throat, lungs and your shop dust free.

intake holes positioned directly behind the arbor shaft so even the I ongest ring buff may be used.

Here is a big, powerful unit which comfortably handles 6" polishing wheels and long inside ring buffs. Double axial fan blowers provide strong suction in back of both polish­ ing spindles. g Easily replaceable and now [Y] check the low prices! fi berglass filter positioned with 1J3 hp Polishing Motor with Y2 hp Polishing Motor ahead of • 3450 R.P.M. • 3450 R.P.M. tan blowers -protects • lfz'' double-end shaft • 5/s" double-end shaft blowers. • 2 taper spindles • 2 taper spindles • 5" shaft height • 4W' shaft height Inside View of Oust Collector .., ~:sv AC • 115V AC No. 31-765--Complete. No. 31-770--Complete. • Constructed of 16 gauge (.062") sheet metal and painted in a Ship. wgt. 66 lbs. $203.75 Ship wgt. 68 lbs. $218.75 hammertone finish. Measures 32" wide, 10" high and 21" deep. Mounted on rubber feet to prevent slipping. DUST COLLECTOR ONLY-Suitable for use with various polishing motors including Baldor heavy duty sealed type. • Motor pan measures 9" deep, 32" wide, 8" high. No. 31-760A-Dust Collector Only-Ship. wgt. 49 lbs. $149.15 • 115V AC

See your jewelers supply house for information on our complete line of Polishers and Dust Collectors from $49.50 up or write us for bulletin #50-135. D HAMMEL' RIGLANDER AND co., INC. P.O. Box 222 • New York, New York 10014 escapement module barrel arbvr pendulum balance $taff quariZ crystal verge chimes main wheel ratio hair pring potence pu, h bull on cry. t3l capaciwr crown diode 'tepping motor fuzee mainspring transistor frequency ::: lathe condenser staking too l capacit r trimmer uspension spnng fight emitting diode delached lever repeater"'.....,....., gog _ __ O'"">C.. "0 ~n ~~:3 *2"[ oo"'o"'c.. Questions and Answers ~.., r:: l:l~ .] - (;- ~ r::.., ~ ~::t~ by Henry B. Fried n·~~ o,...:.;~ ::n:, ...n~=:, ,., Q'<;;'!l CMW CMC FBH I &.oc· r.o. ... ::: "'"':;1-. §5-[ ..OOQceo -· WOODEN WHEEL CLOCK Q()=

Q. Enclosed find pictures of my grandfather clock which Mr. Earl R. Lewis repaired for me. Please send me as near as possible the date this clock was made.

are L.B. on the wooden works and L. Watson, Cincinnati, on the face, as you see in the pictures. Please return the pictures and thanks very much for the information. Can you give me an idea of the value?

Mrs. Hazel Hults Terre Haute, Indiana

A. L. Watson of Cincinnati stands for Luman Watson who was I remember seeing this clock at my grandmother's born in 1790 and died in 1841. He is listed in that city's home when I was a little girl and I am now 80 years old. directory in 1825, 1828 and 1834. He advertised in 1819 The only markings on the clock that we could fmd the manufacture of wooden clocks and some items in ivory.

12 Horological Times September 1978 .Jitt•·el GROUP PRODUCT NEWS FOR THE PROFESSIONAL WATCHMAKER/JEWELER Now, you can always have the right 'curved' spring bar BOREL·TEC SPRING BAR CURVING GUN .,., Here's the answer. Simply place the right straight Borel BEFORE spring bar in the Curving Gun, pull the trigger and you're in ~~\SJ business. Borei-Tec is a very cleverly designed, easy to AFTER use tool. SBCG-Borei-Tec Spring Bar Curving Gun- $15.95 Plus: World's Strongest Spring Bar You've never bought so much security for so little extra. THIN DOUBLE SHOULDER The BOREL All Stainless Steel Spring Bar is the world's 1/2 ~ I=> 1/4 ~ strongest spring bar. It guarantees peace of mind three ways: 9/16 ~1::1 ~ 5116 ~ 1. The body and tips are far stronger than others. 5/8 ell::~ ~ 318 ccj .. 2. The spring is heavy duty, exerting far more 11/16 1:11 I=> 7/16 Cl I• holding pressure. 1/2 -cl 3. It keeps its strength because it is immune ~/4 ~ from corrosion. 13116 cu ~ 9/16 ::::::: ~

7/8 u•' ~ 5/8 ~ ~ The BOREL Spring Bar System #267 features 48 dozen 11/16 ci '> Borel Stainless Steel Spring Bars. In four types: Double Special Buckle No. 20 __, Shoulder, Double Flange, Thin, and Special (for buckles 3/4 ... 5/8 O:J ¥4) in JB and similar metal bands). They're put up in a pro­ 13/16 ::::::: ~ fessional cabinet with 24 jumbo-sized bottles. An integrated No. 267 718 ci chart gives full description of contents, plus bottle-position. Borel Spring Bar System - 48 Dozen Spring Bars The Borel Stainless Steel Spring Bar can be curved exactly Cabinet DOUBLE FLANGE as needed with the Borei-Tec curving gun, so the one and 24 5/8 cc:l 11:1 assortment takes care of all your curved spring bar bottles $47.50 11/16 ca:t D=al needs, too! 3/4 '* 1=11:1 SPECIAL BOREL BONUS 13/16 Save money! Order the Borei-Tec and Borel Stainless 7/8 Clt:l 1:#1 Steel Spring Bar System 267 (a combined $63.45 value) and pay only $59.50. Stainless Steel Spring Bars ------· r.;:;:;-;;;u;,-;;;~:n:;:;;s:s~;~::;;;- 0 Borei-Tec Spring Bar Curving Gun-SBCG $15.95 Get Tiek Toek Talk Every Month! 0 Borel Spring Bar System #237 $47.50 Keep current with Borel "specialties" with your personal 0 Borel-Tee & Borel Spring Bars #237 /Gun $59.50 copy of Tick Tock Talk. Send request on your letterhead or 0 Please add my name to your FREE mailing list use the coupon. for TickTock Talk.

.Uttrel Name ------GROUP Company City, Borel Group, 1110 Grand, Kansas Mo. 64106 Add{ess ------Seven Warehouses to Serve You CLEVELAND KANSAS CITY LOS ANGELES City State ip __ MIAMI NEW YORK OAKLAND SAN FRANCISCO L------~------~--~ He had 18 workers in 1828 and exported most of his clocks. failure to follow the spiral, helical grooves in the fusee), I Watson is said to have operated a factory in Brighton adjust the tension with the takeup ratchet. Actually, it should (now Cincinnati) and may have used that canal's water power. not give you much of a problem, just stick with it until that Tall clocks such as yours were also made by him. Watson's little bit of required skill peeks through the clouds. father came from Massachusetts as Read and Watson, 1809. I would place your clock at about 1825. Forrest Watch Sorry, but this institute has a firm policy against rendering appraisal services. That is a professional service Q. The enclosed sketch is from the back of a Coin Silver supplied by private appraisers for which a charge must be case which is a customer's watch. He is asking where and made. When seeking information, it is necessary to enclose a selfaddressed, stamped envelope. Photos are only returned when postage is included. Fusee Chain Replacement ( Si J Q. I have a watch-and a problem. It's an old watch, a fusee. Engraved on the barrel bridge is the name D.B. Nichols, No. 101. Then I note on the back of the dial (gold) that he worked on it in 1819. I would assume from this that it was made about 1800. It is also indicated that it was made in Savannah, but of course I don't know whether this was Eng­ land or Georgia. A man named Black worked on it in 1834; John Huter in 3/1873 and though he just placed the script letter "H," I think he also worked on it in 2/6/70 and 3/1879; and unknown worked on it in 3/30/91. The case is 18 carat gold. Stamped WW. It is about 18 size. My problem is in replacing the chain on the barrel and the fusee. I try to follow the procedure DeCarie outlines in his Practical Watch Repairing, page 249. But with only two hands I find it very difficult. Is there a simpler way? I would appreciate any advice you can give me on this.

Lucian K. Truscott III Albuquerque, New Mexico

A. Most likely the D.B. Nichols was a retailer in Savannah in Dust cover is engraved John Forrest 85557 London E.C. our own country who imported the watch or finished it here and placed his name upon it. Savannah is not listed among the towns in which watchmakers worked in England; I do not when this watch is made, plus any other information you know in fact whether there is a Savannah in England. One sees can give about it. The movement is fusee about 17, 18 size many watches which are typically English with American with a hand engraved dial. names and places, resulting most likely from buying the complete movement or almost complete and finishing it here Ronald M. Leitzel or else, merely engraving their names upon it. A good photo of Millersburg, Pennsylvania the movement and one of the engravings, hallmarks, etc., in the case back will help. A. John Forrest was a very successful watchmaker who op­ DeCarie's method is the standard method used to erated between I 860 and 1900+. He used standard Lanca­ replace chains and one that I too have used since I remember shire movements and many of these found their way to working on these. You will just have to develop a little skill America. in following his directions and the fine illustration. I hook up Your hallmarks show that the case was assayed in the chain, first to the barrel, then wind up the chain on the Chester and the R denotes that this was in the year 1900. barrel a few turns, threading it frictionwise between thumb I have notations in my records of seeing many For­ and forefinger of my left hand, until the outer end is manipu­ rest watches; some in my own collection date from the 1870s lative. I then press the left thumb on the gathered coils while to the 1900s. the tweezer hooks up the hook to the fUsee. Now, with a finger of the left hand pulling outward on the loop remaining French Watch so that it does not foul the other fUsee turns and at the same time supplying a bit of tension, I wind up the fUsee. After it Q. I have a watch that I am trying to get as much information has been hooked at both ends and the coils evened up at the on as possible. The watch is quite old and therefore hard to barrel (so that the fUsee will gather this up without fouling or get information on. I will tell you everything I know about it.

14 Horological Times September 19 78 ORDER WATCH BATTERIES WE DARE YAI MICHIGAN JEWELERS SUPPLY CO.

We continue to dare you to compare with anyone: TROY COMMERCE CENTER *Our everyday low prices 1116 EAST BIG BEAVER ROAD TROY, MiCHIGAN 48084 *Our complete stock of Eveready batteries PHONE: 313- 689-9100 *Our same-day service *Our ability to service your total watch-part "EVEREADY" YOUR "EVEREADY" YOUR CATALOG COST CATALOG COST needs NUMBER EACH NUMBER EACH

To further entice you we are offering: 201 $1.55 355 $1.05 5 FREE 386 batteries with each 60 301 .75 357 .65 Eveready watch batteries ordered. 303 .65 384 .85 309 .85 386 .65 313 .85 Any combination of 60 Eveready watch batteries en­ 387 1.05 323 .81 388 .85 titles you to 5 FREE 386 batteries. There is no limit 325 .79 389 .81 on quantity, therefore buy 120 batteries, receive 10 343 .81 392 .65 FREE 386 batteries, buy 180 batteries, receive 15 344 .91 393 .65 FREE 386 batteries, and so on. Order as many times 354 .81 395 .91 as you want, but hurry. Offer limited through Sept. 29, 1978. *All orders shipped same day as received *No minimum orders

The watch was made in the late 1700s by a man named Vaucher in Paris, France. Vaucher was said to have U.S. HEADQUARTERS FOR ALL SCHATZ PARTS made only 12 watches in his entire life. The watch I have is PARTS FOR THE NEW 400 DAY ELECTRONICS solid gold with a 41 mm fusee movement. The hole for the key is on the dial side at the l :00 position. It has a long stem ALSO FOR KUNDO ELECTRONIC and on the stem is the seal of the royal crown of France. This GREENHILL CLOCK SERVICE is all I know about the watch, unfortunately. 7760 FAY AVENUE I would like to know the location of the other LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 92037 11 watches and any other information on Vaucher or his watches. Also, if you know anyone who could appraise the watch it would be helpful. Henry T. James Fusee

Malcolm Crasland, Jr. Q. I have a fusee Henry T. James (6841941) 20.5 lignes. I Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina would appreciate any information you can give me as far as age and if this was a good movement. I also need a case for A. Vaucher or Vauchez (as his name was spelled at times) was my watch. a prolific, well known Parisian watchmaker in the last quarter of the 18th century. He certainly made many, many more Donn W. Powers than 12 watches. In my own notes I have recorded more than Brookfield, Wisconsin 12 examined by me at one time or another in my collection .. none now. A. While there are no records of the Henry James watches, The front wind by key is typical of the French I have notes on my seeing a watch by Henry T. James. Ac­ enamel dials of that time as it was easier to set the hands and cording to my notes, it was a Liverpool (Lancashire model) to wind the watch without opening the back or requiring that type calibre, very much in appearance like the American 18 the movement be swung outward. sized watch movements. My estimate of its date is 1890, What you believe to be a seal of France is actually which denotes that it was factory made in Lancashire on, a hallmark for the metallic contents of the case. The long most likely, American-made watch machinery. pendant (neck) is also typical of that time and was made to Cases are hard to come by for these watches. They simulate the designs of the more expensive repeating watches­ were made sturdily enough but at a time when English watch­ thus lending status to its appearance. making was in the decline. Photos always help the most. D

September 19 78 Horological Times 15 FASTER TIMING AND TESTING-BY ANALOG

by Ewell Hartman CMW

Most of us have not known or have forgotten the incon­ paper. While the continuous tape is an advantage on making a venience and frustration of timing racks that required many long-term observation of a timepiece, it prevents the placing days of checking and regulating to make a watch keep proper of the machine on the bench directly in front of the watch­ time. Checking position rates and isochronism was time­ maker; this makes the machine somewhat inconvenient to use consuming and was often ignored or improperly performed. and therefore decreases efficiency. The timing machine has helped to make watchmaking more Digital testers are now available. While they are neces­ profitable and the results more predictable. sary and ideal for quartz and tuning fork timepieces, they are The watch rate recorder, as we know it today, is limited when used for balance wheel type watches. It is possi­ really a precisely controlled printing mechanism. Most of us ble to determine accurately rate and beat from digital infor­ learned to use it initially only as a means of determining and mation, but difficult to detect other errors. The fact that these correcting rates. As we became familiar with it, we learned to testers do not have a means of audibly checking the watch use it to analyze. We use it to determine correct beat, detect further limits their application to mechanical watches. power irregularities, detect rebanking, as well as many other A third type of timer and tester, with an analog mechanical errors. It has become a part of our daily routines readout, is now available. (See Figure 1.) It uses a type of and many watchmakers believe that a continuous printed tape meter to indicate the rate and performance of all watches with is the best way to obtain timing and testing information for balance wheels or tuning forks. The analog system makes it mechanical watches. possible to have a very compact instrument (7~ in. wide by Printing timers have some disadvantages, however. 4~ in. high) that can be placed on a watchmaker's bench No printing mechanism can be totally responsive to the exact directly in front of him. By utilizing a clamp microphone movement and performance of a balance wheel. The result is that the tape shows the escapement to be functioning a bit better than it actually is. Another disadvantage with a tape machine is that the effect of any changes made by the watch­ maker cannot be determined until enough printing takes place to provide a comparison of the position of the dots on the

Figure 2. Clamp microphone. (Figure 2), the watchmaker can know the results of correc­ tions in regulation, beat, poise, etc., without moving his eyes or hands from the work area. This is a tremendous advantage to those who have learned to service watches using production Figure 1. Analog timer and tester. methods.

16 Horological Times September 1978 The indicator on the meter is so well balanced and sensitive that it can actually respond to every move of the AN EXCEPTIONAL VALUE balance wheel or escapement. This fact, along with the pro­ vision for audible checking, makes this tester valuable for detecting mechanical malfunctions. The analog system also makes it possible to observe a timepiece over an indefinite THE PRECICHECK period of time. A very precise watch can be observed for a period of hours, if desired. ECONOMICAL- ACCURATE Cost of purchase, maintenance and operation of the THE PRECICHECK is a precision watch timer analog machine is exceptionally low. The investment repre­ that is FASTER, EASIER TO USE, and costs sents less than half that required to purchase most printing a great deal LESS than a tape machine. timers. Maintenance is unusually low because the only moving part is the indicator on the meter. Cost of operation includes only the consumption of 5 watts of power- so little that the unit does not need to be turned off at any time. Understanding the operation procedure of this machine is generally easier for the individual who has never used a printing timer. Interpretation of the indicator's move­ ment is quite different from that of printed dots. The dial (Figure 3) is marked in 2-sec/day increments, progressing from 0 to -60 or 240 sec on the left side and from 0 to +60

PRECICHECK- $549.50

The PRECICHECK, made by Greiner Elec­ tronics, Ltd. is faster, easier to use and more economical to buy and operate than a tape machine. The price includes a standard micro­ phone and mini-receiver earphone.

With its high stability quartz-crystal mechanism, Figure 3. Analog dial. the PRECICHECK can accurately measure to or 240 sec on the right side. When a watch is being tested, the the precise second all mechanical watches avail­ indicator will move continuously to the right if the timepiece able on the market today and all electronic is gaining or continuously to the left if it is losing. The higher balance wheel watches (including the Accutron the rate of gain or loss, the more rapidly the indicator will Model 221).

The dependable integrated circuitry assures trouble free service and a power consumption of only about 5 watts. There is no paper to buy and no ink ribbon to worry with. You have instant read-out on the analog dial.

S. LaRose, Inc. is the exclusive distributor of the PRECICHECK in the United States.

S. (ffail~~lnc. Worldwide Distributors to Horologists Figure 4. Indicator at return point. 234 Commerce--- Place, Greensboro, N. C. 27420, U.S. A. September 1978 Horological Times 17 scan the dial. If the indicator reaches the end of the dial, it will instantly swing to the opposite end (Figure 4) and repeat the pattern. If the watch being tested is running on time, the indicator will remain stationary at any point on the dial. The meter is instantly responsive. Therefore, changes in the direc­ tion or rate of indicator movement can be observed as the watch is being regulated. As the watch regulator is being moved in the proper direction, the indicator will slow its rate of movement and will stop moving when the watch rate is on time. If the regulator is moved too far, the indicator will begin moving in the opposite direction. The markings on the dial are needed only when the exact rate, in seconds per day, is desirable or when timing very precise watches. This reading is obtained by selecting the de­ sired measuring range of 60 or 240 sec/day at the control panel (Figure 5), then depressing the measuring button at the lower left of the panel. The indicator will immediately reset to Figure 6. Indicator showing out-of-beat.

an inverted pendulum (Figure 6). The greater the beat error, the greater the oscillating arc of the indicator. Adjustable stud holders on modern watches can be moved while the indicator is being observed. When the indicator no longer oscillates, or does so with a very small arc, the watch is in beat. Mechanical errors or malfunctions can be detected. With the tester indicating only one vibration of the balance wheel (sensitivity knob pushed in), irregular power flow will be indicated by a constantly changing rate of movement of the indicator. It may move fast then slow or, if the watch is reg­ ulated to a near zero rate, it may move for a period of time in one direction then for a period of time in the opposite direction. When the tester is indicating both vibrations of the balance wheel, hairspring and escapement errors will be apparent by the indicator showing an erratic pattern. Rebanking can be easily detected when tb.e tester is indicating either one or both vibrations as the indicator will make large jumps toward the plus side or it will jump about the dial in the same manner that it does if the wrong frequency has been selected. The panel has four controls. The frequency selector provides for almost all mechanical beats and has a position for all tuning fork timepieces. The standard microphone also has provision for electronic timepieces that have a balance wheel Figure 5. Control panel. or tuning fork (Figure 7). The measuring range switch provides 0 and will then begin moving toward "fast" or "slow." At the end of 8 sec ( 4 sec if using the 240 sec range), the lamp just above the measuring button will light up. At that moment the indicator is reading the daily rate in the range that was pre­ selected. When the lamp goes off, the indicator will continue to move as before. Very accurate timepieces can be timed in the 60 sec range by depressing the measuring button, timing the measuring period for 80 sec (disregard the lamp that will light up in 8 sec) and then reading the rate on the upper scale divided by 10. Each division on the scale will, in this instance, represent 0.2 sec/day! The limit of the scale will be 6 sec. The beat of a watch can be determined at the same time as the rate if desired. The sensitivity knob also controls whether the tester indicates one or both of the vibrations of the balance wheel. When the knob is pulled to its outward position, the indicator is showing both beats. If they occur with exact regularity, the watch is in correct beat and the indicator will move only as it would to indicate rate. If the beats are irregular, the indicator will jump to the right for one Figure 7. Standard microphone. beat and to the left for the other much like the movement of

18 Horological Times September 19 78 Many parts are available through Zantech Learn how to repair Digital Watches from * Modules- LED and LCD- most types TEST LED & LCD WATCHES Louis A. Zanoni. President of Zantech. * Quartz Crystals * Night Lights for LCD * Trim Caps Private and group lessons are available. The * Push Buttons mini course is an intensive training program * Switch and Battery Contacts Conductive Rubber Sheet which int~oduces you to the fundamental * * Conductive Silver Epoxy operation of the watch and some methods of making the repairs.

Course Includes:

Phase #1 Review of the structure and components of both the LED and LCD modules.

Phase #2 Methods to test and determine which components "WIRE-BOND .001" CONDUCTIVE The Zantech Digital Watch Module Tester. have failed Model 800. is a versatile. precision instrument SILVER EPOXY REPAIR KIT Wire- bond conductive epoxy 001 is a two part designed to eliminate the guess work in the Phase #3 silver filled. electrically conductive epoxy, which trouble shooting of all electronic digital Methods to make repalfs. w hich includes a solder­ hardens at room temperature a few hours after watches. The instrument is a necessity for Ing and desohJering or quartz crystals. switch con­ mixing. Its very htgh electrical conductivity and watchmakers interested in setting up a tacts. etc . and methods or repairing broken wire­ putty like properties make it suitable for repairing DIGITAL WATCH SERVICE CENTER . bonds w ith conductive silver epoxy. fine bro ken wires. such as the integrated circuit wire-bonds of a solid state watch. the coi l and The Zantech 800 provides test capability to Phase #4 motor wires of electronic watches. and any other analyze the individual functions of a quartz Repair of your problem watches and modules. broken wire or solder joint. small or large. watch module - current drain. displays. night $19.95 plus $1.00 shipping lights. integrated circuits. batteries. etc. SEND FOR APPLICATION ZANTECH, Inc., 13 Greentree Road, Trenton, New Jersey 08619- Phone: (609) 586-5088 for a range of 60 sec or 240 sec/day. The 60-sec range is more sensitive and should be used at all times except when measuring the rate of a timepiece that is obviously out of this range. The measuring button returns the indicator hand to DON'T TURN AWAY ORIENT WATCHES FOR REPAIR. WE CAN SUPPLY MOST PARTS FOR ORIENT. HELP US TO PROCESS YOUR ORDER CORRECTLY THE FIRST TIME BY INCLUDING ALL OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: A- MOVEMENT CALIBER NUMBER. B-ALL NUMBERS FROM BACK OF CASE. C - COLOR OF CASE. KILB & COMPANY 623 N. SECOND ST. P.O. DRAWER 8-A MILWAUKEE, WI 53201

Do You Know WATCH/JEWELRY REPAIR AND STONE SETTING Tuition : $30.00 per month Fully Accredited - Individual Instruction 28 Years of Service to Industry Figure 8. Amplifier-speaker. KILGORE COLLEGE 1100 Broadway, Kilgore, Tex. 75662- Ph. 214-984-8531 (Continued on page 42)

September 1978 Horological Times 19 ------~------~- --~ ~~~~~ CMW CMC FBHI

ONE WHEEL CLOCK This was the era of progress and invention following hot on the heels of such brand new miracles as dynamite, the It would seem to be no mere coincidence that the modern barbed wire fence, the compressed rock drill, the electric world's most unique clock should have been evolved in the light, the electric motor, electric railway, the passenger ele­ golden decades which retired the 19th century and ushered vator, the phonograph, the typewriter and dozens of other in the 20th. mechanical devices which have transformed business and social Nor does it seem strange that this clock should have life. been designed by an American watchmaker whose experience It was a time of expansive living-a hip, hurrah and included working as a foreman in a brass foundry in Wurtem­ Teddy Roosevelt in America; an aging queen and her playboy burg, Germany. Nor is there any wonder that the technical and heir making news in England; in France the jittery Third popular magazines of two continents and the British Isles Republic was coyly dancing with the Russian Bear; in Ger­ united in praising his product in their pages. many, Victoria's grandson, Wilhelm II, mouthing peace but

Figure 1.

20 Horological Times September 19 78 manufacturing guns "just in case"; and with the whole world, SWISS OPEN FACE titillated by Diamond Jim Brady and the audacious Henry Ford, constantly expecting something new. PRESIDENTIAL This something was presently supplied by C.H. COMMEMORATIVE Brigden, international traveler and watchmaker. During his POCKET WATCHES! second European trip about 1890, he had seen and examined (Limited Edition) the famous Tower of Babel clock in the Green Vaults of MULTIPLE-STRUCK MEDAL­ LION-MINTED BACK IN HIGH Dresden. RELIEF! A true work of art, In a long article written for a Waltham, Massachusetts richly sculptured in three di­ mensions, its original steel newspaper, the man from nearby Watertown described the dies were hand engraved. The intricate "ball" automation clock made in 1602 by Hans 17 jewel lever, Swiss, 181/z ligne Schlotheim of Augsburg. The American was obviously in­ "IKE" (No. 918) $90.00 List Unitas 6431, lncabloc move­ ment has a special dial made trigued with its mechanism, in which a small glass ball spirals (photo reduced, 18% ligne movt.) of FIRED PORCELAIN enamel from the top of a two-foot tower to motivate figures of Satan showing the American Eagle and Flag in true to life colors! Each watch is serially numbered in this limited edition! Precision timepiece as well as and the planets, as well as tiny musicians on the floor, and all a rare collectors item! In presentation box, and one year guarantee. connected with chimes in the spire. (NOTE: We are closing out the entire ARNEX line of these PRESIDENTIAL Series. We also have a few of the FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT and LYNDON B. JOHNSON. Mr. Brig den had seen other ball clocks constructed No more will be available anywhere at any price when these\ are gone ~ in England and France as well as in Germany, and he deter­ Sell to dealers, collectors, individuals_ Priced same as IKE below) mined to go them one better. He would make a clock with only one wheel! (See Figure 1.) NOTE: Specify if you want the IKE "Yes, send me the PRESIDENTIAL (shown) or JOHNSON SERIES 17 jewel watches as indi­ Charles Herbert Brigden, born in South Boston, or ROOSEVELT. Can mix or match cated below; at once and prepaid. My payment is enclosed." (Open February 14, 1861 (he died January 20, 1934) was of English for quantity prices. account to well rated firms) descent. At an early age, he was apprenticed to Canton Haws _1 sample @29.90 of Massachusetts. _31o12 @25.90aach __ 12 or more @23.90 each Little else is known of Mr. Brigden's background. A Give us a sample order today . . . NAME: ______letter from the Merceburg headquarters of the C.W. Julius We promise you will be pleased with the high quality and beauty ADDRESS: ______Blance & Company (Germany) notes that Mr. Brigden, fore­ of these COMMEMORATIVE man of their brass finishing department, was leaving. Dated watches! April 22, 1901 and signed by Mr. Blance himself, the trans­ VISA or MASTERCHARGE ORDERS ACCEPTED BY PHONE: [216] 548-8799 lated document states, "We are sorry to part with him. Our best wishes for his future accompany him." There is also DELEMONT WATCH COMPANY documentary proof that the famous gearless clock was com­ Box 109A Dept. HT W. Farmington, Ohio 44491 pleted in Canton Junction, Massachusetts, just before he accepted the position with the German manufacturers. Although announcement of Mr. Brigden's achieve­ ment was made in a July 7 dispatch from Watertown, the clock seems to have evoked no special attention in America for several years. When he was 35 years of age in 1890, the young inventor was employed at the watch factory in Wal­ [::J ~~!!!~~'!.,;~lege tham prior to his two years in Germany. It was a different story abroad, however, as attested by a gold medal awarded Mr. Brigden in 1900. See Figure 2. COURSES OFFERED IN: This was the date of the Paris Exposition, when France, suf­ • Watch Repair • Jewelry Repair fering with serious civil indigestion, nonetheless was still • Clock Repair • Diamond Setting mistress of the world of science, invention and artistry. The • Clock Making • Photo-Chemical Milling • Jewelry Engraving exhibition lasted from April 15 to November 5, and the American and his wheeless clock were world names along with For more information, write: delesseps and the Suez Canal, Pasteur and human benefaction, William 0. Smith Jr., Director of Horology Parkland College as concrete evidence of the glory of the age. 2400 West Bradley Returning to the United States in 1893, he opened a Champaign, Illinois 61820 watchmaking shop in West Canton. Here he invented and in 1896 was granted a patent upon a cylindrical lock from which the Yale lock was developed.

Make Us Your HEADQUARTERS for WATCH BATTERIES EVEREADY DURACELL . RAV-0-VAC -HAMILTON • ACCUTRON • CARAVELLE - SEIKO - LONGINES · GRUEN • WITTNAUER We Also Give Same Day Service on All Jewelers Tools and Watchmakers Materials and Supplies. Order From Phone (813) 870-3180 B. RUSH APPLE CO. 3855W.KennedyBoulevard- Tampa,Fiorida33609

September 1978 Horological Times 21 There follows a gap of uneventful years until 1902 a clock made to keep accurate time without the usual com­ when Mr. Brigden and his clock tum up in California. A Los plicated mechanism of wheels and pinions, running as it does Angeles paper mentioned that he was a member of the staff with practically no wheels at all, save a perforated disc, which of a Mr. S. Conradi, a South Spring Street jeweler, and in performs some of the functions of a wheel. The clock was whose store the unique clock was on exhibit. made by C.H. Brigden, a watchmaker of Los Angeles, Cali­ "Great crowds blocked the sidewalks gazing at this fornia, simply for his own diversion and not for the purpose of particular piece of mechanism, and when the lights were out solving any intricate problem in mechanics. This quaint in the show window, they burned matches to see the time roll timepiece may be rightfully called 'a gearless clock.' " on," noted the publication, adding, "Mr. Brigden is the in­ Foreign journals, recognizing the long years that ventor of a score or more of other devices ..sold to capitalists, had gone into the creating of the new clock, were kinder and but this invention (the gearless clock) is not for sale." more enthusiastic in their reports. The English Mechanic and In 1906 the clock was again in the news, this time as World Science, May 16, 1908, reprinted in full an article by a special feature of the window display of Brigden & Pedersen, R. Newton in Scientific American with a photographic repro­ Jewelers, a few blocks up the street from the Conradi estab­ duction of the clock. lishment. Harold J. Shepstone, an English journalist, wrote "This is a very delicately constructed piece of mech­ Mr. Brig den for photographs and permission to write the story anism, and is the only clock in the world which runs without for several leading London papers. wheels or springs. It is well worth seeing. The movement is In Berlin, July 1908, Technicsche Rundschau, the regulated by metal balls, so carefully adjusted," says the weekly technical section of the Berlin Tageblatt, gave the magazine, Greater Los Angeles-fllustrated, "that, as they roll "uhr ohne Raderwerk" a full column of publicity, also photo­ along the grooved incline, they keep the clock moving at just graphic illustration. the proper speed. The clock is made of French gilt and en­ That September, the Wurttemburger /llustrierte closed in a case of plate glass, being a beautiful ornament as Zeitung, an illustrated magazine comparable to the modern well as a mechanical wonder." Look, called the clock "ein Meisterwerk der Mechanic," giving With these brief notices as teasers, at length Mr. it top priority on a page that also displayed a photograph of Brigden's clock caught the fancy of mechanical science, and the launching of a huge balloon-the blimp which was a the year 1908 must have been a period of gratification for prominent feature of early experiments in air transportation. him. Austria also took notice of the American miracle In February of that year, the New York Sun carried clock. In the Life of its day, the Modernes Familienblatt, a reprint story from the Pacific Outlook telling of the "gear­ published in Vienna the same month, Mr. Brigden's invention less clock invented by a man in Los Angeles." The Technical was placed above a photograph of an eminent French radium World, December 1908, told of "A Freak Clock-a unique researcher, examples of transportation of wounded soldiers product of one of the idle moments of genius, consisting of and of dogs bearing Red Cross insignia and first aid kits,

Figure 2. Figure 3.

22 Horological Times September 19 78 groups of political dignitaries and of bathing beauties in ruffled pantaloons. Here Mr. Brigden is called "a German­ American wonder mechanic." With such acclaim, and having added and subtracted details to improve the design, one wonders that the inventor was content to allow his clock to remain solitary among time­ pieces. It was a marvel to our grandfathers; our grandchildren will find it equally fascinating. The gearless clock represents one of the most novel devices in the domain of horology. In the long history of clockmaking, this is the only one known which runs without gearing, balance wheel, or pendulum. There is no gearing in the clock proper, so that the customary so-called dial train is used to regulate the speed of the hour hand. As shown in Figure 3, the clock consists of two in­ clined plates which are suspended at the center in the frame­ work of the clock. These plates, which are fitted with zig­ zag tracks, are kept at the same incline or parallel to each other by connecting bars at the corners. A single wheel, perforated at the periphery with 60 holes, one for each min­ ute, consitutes, in combination with a locking device, the entire escapement, being at the same time both main wheel and escape wheel. This single wheel receives its impulse from two ball weights suspended by a silk cord in towers on either side of the clock. This cord winds around the shaft of the single wheel when the clock is wound up. The ball weights are grooved equatorially to receive the cord, and rolling on this cord, serve as their own pulley and are carried to the top of towers when the clock is running. CALL Natwnw1de The modus operandi is as follows. One-half of the TOLL-FREE! 800-527-4722 wheel is loaded with ~-inch steel balls. The topmost ball in the wheel standing opposite a tube, fixed in the dial frame, rolls through this tube to the first track of the upper inclined plate; it rolls down the track to the bottom of said plate in just 30 seconds, then through another tube which connects it with the second or lower inclined plate. Thirty seconds more carries LEARN watch111aklng and lewelry the little ball to the bottom of the second incline where it Choose courses in Watchmaking. Classes begin every Monday throughout runs through a tube into the empty hole at the lower side of CAREER Engraving, Jewelry-Diamond Setting , 1he year Placement service for the wheel. SKillS and Jewelry Store Managemen1 New graduates WRITE FOR In rolling into this hole it strikes against the locking GEM CITY COLlEGE FREE BULLETIN KANSAS CITY SCHOOL device with sufficient force to unhook the wheel and allow it SCHOOL OF WATCHMAKING OF HOROLOGY 4528 Mam St. to turn the space of one hole or one minute, taking the ball Guiney, Illinois 62301 Kansas C•ty. M o. 64111 with it, and leaving another hole empty at the bottom op­ posite the upper tube where it rolls out and onto the upper plate as did the first ball, and so on, repeating the operation as long as any impulse is left in the wheel, or until the weights have reached the bottom of the towers when the clock must be rewound. This is performed by using an ordinary clock key, but in an extraordinary way-namely through the center of the dial. The weights weigh 2% lbs each, and a little more than counterbalance the 30 steel balls in the one side of the wheel, leaving a little impulse always in reserve to throw the wheel forward when it is released. The base of the gearless clock is 12 x 24 inches. The 607 S. HILL ST.- SUITE 820 LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90014 inclined plates are 8 x 16 inches and each has 18 tracks, givin~ with the connecting tubes a run of 300 inches, or 25 feet, (213) 626-1471 for each ball. This was ascertained to occupy, on a certain Memo to rated jewelers. incline, just a minute of time. The towers are 16 inches high and allow the clock to run 32 hours on one winding. Total weight of the clock is 85 lbs. D

September 1978 Horological Times 23 THE SHIP'S CHRONOMETER © 1978

by Marvin E. Whitney CMW CMC

The development and making of a helical spring for a ship's chronometer is intricate and intriguing, as it involves two pre­ cise operations: (1) forming flat metal ribbon wire into helical process necessitated the spring be "seasoned" for a year or so, coil; and (2) forming the upper and lower terminal curves on before it was ready for final timing trials. each end of the coil. The traditional way for making such It is obvious that this process would be a real deter­ springs was to wind a ribbon of unhardened steel on either a rent to mass production. So when Hamilton accepted the smooth or grooved cylindrical hollow block, usually of brass challenge to build chronometers, it was apparent to them that or German silver. Both ends of the ribbon were secured to the another process would have to be developed if they were to block by screws or pins to keep it closely intact around the meet the U.S. Navy needs. block. The reason for using brass or German silver blocks was Thus, the Hamilton engineers designed and built a twofold: if of steel, there was a greater chance of the block series of very intricate forming blocks, on which the ribbon of warping, distorting the spring, and second, a steel block would Elinvar was wound, not only the helical portion, but also the scale to some extent during the hardening process, causing terminal curves being set in the designed form in grooves in the scale to build up in the grooves or under the spring on a block. The springs were then heat treated in a specially con­ smooth block which might also affect the trueness of the structed furnace which preserved the original high finish of the spring. A hollow block or tube was used so that it would cool wire. During this operation the springs were retained on their quickly and evenly when quenched. individual forms so they would set to exact dimensions. When To neutralize the scale the total piece was coated the process was completed, the blocks collapsed mechanically with a mixture of soap and pulverized animal or wood char­ and the parts or pieces removed from within the formed coal, then wrapped in thin sheets of copper or platinum foil, spring. This process not only eliminated the "seasoning" bound with binding wire and heated to a cherry red and period but also the difficulties of cold forming by hand and quenched in water. Other spring makers slipped the spring the resulting nicks and scratches frequently encountered from wrapped block into a brass or copper tube or even a common such manipulations. Since the surface of the spring was free of clay pipe bowl and filled the tube with fine wood or animal nicks and scratches, there were no focal points for local stress charcoal dust. A small piece of steel wire was inserted so it which might over a period of time cause drift in rate or even­ could be removed to judge the heat since charcoal was a very tual spring failure. poor conductor of heat. Then the whole piece was heated to a Occasionally, one will hear someone refer to the cherry red and as soon as it reached that heat, the block with chronometer escapement as a dead beat escapement. But since its spring was emptied into the quenching bath. Later, they the locking jewel is set at a slight angle, draw is present and in were heated in a cyanide bath and quenched in water. all cases where there is draw, the escapement must recoil After hardening, the block was removed from the during the unlocking sequence; hence, the chronometer or helix of the spring and the spring was polished inside and out, detent escapement cannot be a dead beat. But it is the most edges and all with a willow stick charged with fine charcoal detached of all escapements. dust. Then it was cleaned and refastened tightly back on the The spring detent or chronometer escapement was block as before and tempered to a rich blue color. Once again invented in principle by Pierre LeRoy, improved by Ferdinand the spring was removed and the terminal curves were formed Berthoud and John Arnold, and refined by Thomas Earnshaw. by hand with heated curved brass lined tweezers or pliers. This In Figure 1 it can be seen that the detent escapement, like

24 Horological Times September 1978 Figure 1. Chronometer escapement.

a. Escape wheel b. Impulse roller c. Impulse jewel (unlocking roller and unlocking jewel is located under the impulse roller [dotted line] ) d. Detent or locking jewel e. Base of detent f. Blade of detent f. Spring of detent g. Blade of detent h. Horn of detent i. Trip spring

f

most other escapements and also many other mechanisms, was not the complete work of one inventor, but was developed ~ STELLA Tension Ring gradually by improvements made by various craftsmen. The ~ Watch Crystals spring detent has undergone very few changes since Earn­ shaw's time. The principle of its action is rather simple, but BB-STELLA. The Finest Glass in practice the adjustments are quite delicate. and Unbreakable Watch Crystals WRA a round unbreakable In the process of improving LeRoy's spring detent crystal with a metal tension escapement, a strong and fierce rivalry developed between if ring as an integral part of its ~ ------construction Guarantees true Arnold and Earnshaw. It was so keen and intense that they waterproofing . Available in became very antagonistic, to the extent that Earnshaw ac­ 216 sizes in 1/ 10mm incre- Shlp ments '(14 0-35 5mm) with cused Arnold of stealing his invention. me white or yellow rings The differences between the Arnold and the Earn­ D L-WRA-4 -48 popular ladies WRA crystals ...... $36.00 D L-WRA-6 -72 important ladies WRA crystals... . . $53.00 shaw are, first, that whereas the detent in the Arnold is fitted in labeled container for sizes 14 0-24 4mm D WRA-3 -36 popular gent crystals ...... $27.00 in a slot cut out in the top plate, the detent in the Earnshaw is D WRA-8 -91 important gent crystals...... $68.00 on the underside of the top plate. Secondly, whereas the D WRA-11 -130 gent crystals ...... $97.50 in labeled container for sizes 24 5-35 5mm Arnold detent is above the escape wheel and moves toward 0 WRA-432-0ne each of every WRA crystal 216 sizes the center of the wheel to unlock, Earnshaw's detent is below 432 crystals (white & yellow rings) .... • . . $335.00 in 9 drawer steel cabinet the escape wheel and moves away from the center of the D Refills .. . . . • . ..•• . .. • . .• ...... •...... $9.00/dz. escape wheel to unlock. Thirdly, in the Arnold, the tip of a tooth first engages the impulse jewel at the base of the tooth and later engages the whole length of the tooth, while in the Earnshaw, only the tips of the teeth engage the impulse jewel. The Arnold tooth is in the form of an epicycloid curve and because of the friction it engenders, must be oiled. Earn· shaw's escapement does not require oil. Fourthly, the locking D WRA-B-51-102 crystals in labeled container ...... $78.00 D Refills ...... • ...... •..•.•. $9.50/dz. jewel in the Arnold extends downward from the detent into the recessed area of the escape wheel which provides space Order today from your watch materiJJI supplier for the locking jewel to move. In the Earnshaw, the locking jewel is fitted perpendicular to the detent in a small pipe and -(§) CRYSTAL COMPANY during the unlocking sequence is moving away from the escape 653 11TH AVENUE wheel. Finally, Arnold's trip spring is made of steel and NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036 (Continued on page 42)

September 1978 Horological Times 25 Inside the ~lock Shop with James L. Tigner CMC THE GRAHAM DEAD BEAT ESCAPEMENT Part I George Graham invented his dead beat escapement in 1715. drafting. Inking is neither easy nor necessary. Skip it unless To this day it is generally regarded as the best escapement yet you really like that sort of thing. devised for long pendulum clocks. Simplicity, reliability, and Let's be honest. An accurate constructional drawing a high precision performance have made it superior in its class. of a dead beat escapement is a difficult assignment. It demands While over the years its basic principles, which we will an excellent set of drafting instruments and the utmost care be examining, have remained the same, minor modifications in measurements, not to mention experience and skill in have been made. In the older Graham escapements, for ex­ drafting. But don't worry about it. If your angles and lines ample, the pallets spanned a higher number of wheel teeth (in don't come out exactly right, fudge them a little, and they some cases nearly one half the total tooth count) and the will teach you just as much about the dead beat escapement as center distances were much greater. It has long been known they would if perfectly executed by a master draftsman. that one of the obstacles to precision timekeeping is the Again, it's mastery of the escapement we're after, not of gradual thickening of oil with the passage of time. This was drafting. found to be especially troublesome in dead beat escapements So let's begin by taking an overall look at Figure 1, with high number tooth spans, where long locking and im­ which shows a present day Graham escapement of the short pulse surfaces multiplied the duration of the oil's viscous coupled, square design. That is, lines drawn from the pallet drag. center tangent to the wheel circle will intersect wheel radii To reduce this effect, so detrimental to precision drawn through the centers of the pallet impulse faces, to form timekeeping, present day dead beat escapements use shorter a perfect square. Notice the relatively blunt tooth tips (1 °) tooth spans and center distances. This is the design usually and the correspondingly large drop, lock, and impulse angles. found in American and English tall case clocks. Continental All of which tells us that this is not a design for a regulator, makers employ the same proportions but usually adopt the but for an ordinary, roughly made grandfather clock. The adjustable Vulliamy pallets, as seen in the current grandfather tooth tips of a high grade regulator would be something like movements from West Germany. ~0 to lh-0 in thickness, and the drops, locks, and impulse Fine regulators often have the pallets slotted, with angles of proportionate fineness. polished jewels inserted for the locking and impulse faces. Before an escapement can be drawn, then, certain This, of course, cuts down on friction and wear, but it does dimensional data must be decided upon to match the grade nothing to reduce viscous drag. Perhaps someone will research and type of clock in mind. For our ordinary grade grandfather the field for the right plastic, one that can perform the same clock, we have decided on 1° each for tooth tip thickness, drop, function as jewel inserts but requires no oil. and lock; and 2° for pallet impulse angle. Our escape wheel will One of the best ways to acquire a thorough under­ have 30 teeth, 7lh of which will be spanned by the pallets, standing of the dead beat escapement is to construct one on which is typical of the square dead beat design. In order for the drawing board. Such an exercise will not only firm up the the construction lines to show up clearly, we will give the repairman's grasp of this key escapement, but will help in escape wheel a large 10-inch diameter. his comprehension of all other escapements. With our basic dimensions in hand we can now Everyone, of course, doesn't have access to drafting start the construction. Swing an arc with a 5-inch radius from equipment, nor possibly even the time required to make a a center B near the bottom of your drawing. This will rep­ careful drawing. For such readers, may I suggest that much is resent the upper half of the wheel circle, which is all that's still to be gained by nothing more than a close reading of the really needed. Erect a vertical line from the wheel center to constructional details to follow. As we move along in these the top of the sheet. On this line, lay off a distance of 1.414 details, we will try to show how familiarity with them can be times the wheel radius (5 inches), measured from B. This of prime importance in making practical repairs to this es­ multiplies out to 7.07 inches and gives the center distance as capement. well as the location of the pallet center A. Don't ignore the Here is a couple of tips for those who would like 0.07 inches, which comes to just over 1/16 inch, if you don't to try an actual drawing, which I heartily recommend, if it's have a scale reading in decimals. at all possible. Remember, this is intended as an exercise in If the factor 1.414 puzzles you, remember we are understanding the dead beat escapement, not a workout in constructing a square escapement, and the center distance is

26 Horological Times September 19 78 the diagonal of that square, two of whose sides are radii of the ·------or. t- .. wheel. And 1.414 is the geometric ratio between the diagonal and the sides of a square. NEW VIGOR CATALOG To lay off an arc on the wheel circle representing the 7?l teeth to be spanned by the pallet, we need to do a little AT NO CHARGE figuring: 7?l is ~ of 30, the total tooth count. So ~ of a full 360° circle will give us 90°, which will be the span of the pallets measured in degrees, 4S 0 on each side of the center line. With a protractor measure 4S 0 to the left of the center line, and draw line BE. The intersection of line BE and the wheel circle will mark the center of the entry pallet's impulse face. Draw line BF 4S 0 to the right of the center line. The point where it crosses the wheel circle will be the center of the exit pallet's impulse face. From the pallet center A draw lines AC and AD tangent to the wheel circle and passing through the inter­ section points just described. This completes the square of our escapement. To swing the arcs for the two pallets, we must first know the width of the pallets. Simple arithmetic will tell us what it is. The first step is to determine the circular pitch of the wheel teeth, that is, the distance from a point on one WITH tooth to the same point on another, measured along the wheel ANY circle. Since there are 30 teeth in our wheel, 30 divided into COMBINED 360° gives an angular distance of 12°, which is the pitch we ORDER need. OF Now in a dead beat escapement, the pitch is equal to $10.00 the sum of the following dimensions: 2 times the tooth tip OR MORE width, 2 times the drop, and 2 times the pallet width. Or to simplify the calculations that follow, * the pitch is equal to l!!:iii!ill the sum of one tooth tip width, one drop, and one pallet width. r· CoDVORKIN& CHIs sCAG \\',\BASHO ILL b060J AvE We have just determined the pitch to be 12°, ?l of • CO. 312/726-8678 which is 6°. And before we began the drawing we decided on 1° each for the tooth tip width and drop. Therefore, we have the equation 6° = 1° + 1° + pallet width. No one will have to scratch his head to see that the pallet width can only be 4°. Supposing we were making a fme regulator with PARIS TEXAS COLLEGE *0 each for tooth tip width and drop. We would have 6° = LEARN 0 0 JEWELRY TECHNOLOGY GEMOLOGY FOR THE JEWELER ?l + ?l + pallet width, and here the pallet width would have WATCH REPAIRING JEWELRY STORE OPERATION 0 to be S • 'The most comprehensive training program for the retail jeweler in America." • State Supported • Non-Profit Institution Or supposing we had a grandfather clock in for • Low Tuition Rates • No Out~f-State Tuition Charge repairs with badly grooved pallets. After grinding and polishing • Journey men Instructors • Quarterly Enrollment Dates • f-inancial Aid Available to Eligible Students out the grooves, the pallet width might measure only 3°. How • State and federal Approved for Handicapped = • Single or Married Student Housing Available would that affect the drops? The equation would be 6° 1° + • Courses Approved for Veteran's Training one drop + 3°. The drop would obviously be increased to 2°. WRITE FOR MORE INFORMATION But if we made the repairs by soldering steel plates over the COURSES OFFERED AS CERTIFICATE COURSES: 0 WATCII REPAIR JEWELRY REPAIR STONE SETIING GEMOLOGY fOR THE JEWELER worn grooves, thus increasing the pallet widths to, say S , the Horology or Jewelry Technology can lead to an Associate Degree from Paris Texas 0 drops would be reduced to ?l , not a safe clearance for this College and/or to a Bachelors Degree al several parlicipating Universities. type of clock. PARIS TEXAS COLLEGE oivisionotHorotogr. The assumptit in these cases, of course, is that the PARIS, TEXAS 75460 Je:~~rG:e;,~?o~~gy 30 tooth count for tht scape wheel remains unchanged. For a different tooth count, simply calculate the new half pitch and proceed as before. The reader can think of other examples, I'm sure, where this simple equation can be used to practical advantage. KEYSTONE MAINSPRING LUBRICANT It works equally well with the half dead beat, the Brocot, and light-medium-heavy (Medium most popular) 8 oz. bottles $5.00 each postpaid the pin wheel escapement. CLOCK PIVOT OIL (CPO) But to get back to our drawing, having determined 2 oz. bottles $5.00 each postpaid the pallet widths to be 4 °, we can now draw lines BG and Any combination of 3 for only $13.00 BH 2° on each side of line BE. The points of intersection of KEYSTONE SALES, L TO. these two lines with the wheel circle will mark the width of 72SOTELLER ST. ARVADA, CO 80003 the entry pallet. Draw lines BJ and BI 2° on each side of line

September 1978 Horological Times 27 BF. Their points of intersection with the wheel circle will mark the width of the exit pallet. Now from the pallet center A, swing the arc bb' through the intersection points of lines BG and BJ with the wheel circle. Again from the pallet center A, swing another arc aa' through the intersection points of lines BH and BI with the wheel circle. These two arcs will mark the path of the pallets as they move in and out between the wheel teeth. From the pallet center draw the line AL 1° inside MODE.RN the tangential line AC. The 1° segment of the arc aa' inter­ cepted by the lines AC and AL defmes the drop lock on the D f. AD l3 E. AT entry pallet. Draw the line AM 1° inside the tangential line AD. The 1° segment of the arc bb'-between the lines AD and E.S CAPf.M E. NT AM delineates the drop lock which will occur on the exit pallet at the next drop. Again from the pallet center, draw the line AN 2° inside lineAL, and line AO 2° outside the tangential line AD, thus laying out the impulse angle for each pallet. To construct the impulse face of the entry pallet, draw a heavy line con­ necting the intersection point of line AL and the arc aa 'with the intersection point of the line AN and the arc bb '. Do the impulse face of the exit pallet in the same way by connecting the intersection point of line AO and arc bb' with the inter­ section point of tangential line AD and arc aa '. The impulse face of the exit pallet can also be worked out graphically from the impulse face of the entry pallet, as shown in Figure 1 by arc cc '. But unless you are the greatest in drafting, the method first described is easier and more ac­ curate. The sides of both entry and exit pallets can now be outlined by heavily delineating the arcs aa' and bb' above the respective impulse faces. The design of the pallet arms is a matter of personal preference and can be done any way you like. To indicate the amount of drop, draw line BK 1° outside of line Bl. Draw a similar line from B 1° outside of line BH to mark the tooth tip width. A wheel tooth can now be drawn locked on the entry pallet, observing the constructional details shown in Figure 1. The front face of the wheel tooth could have been designed with a 12° rake, which, although not providing the strength of a 10° rake, does provide a more pronounced tip action, which is less affected by viscous drag. Note that after the angles of one tooth have been laid out with a protractor, the rest of the teeth can be quickly drawn by laying a straight edge tangent to one of the two construction circles con­ centric with the escape wheel center, as shown in Figure 1. The second tooth should be drawn having just dropped from the exit pallet, the back comer of its tip lying on the line 1 BK, The seven teeth that lie in between the pallets should be spaced as unifonnly 12° apart as possible, using a protractor. But don't be surprised if one space turns out noticeably longer or shorter than the others. Here is a spot where a little fudging is in order. For those interested in making a complete drawing, self-explanatory notes are included in the figure for the web and crossings of a well proportioned wheel. Watching the various components of a well ordered constructional drawing drop into place one by one can some­ times snap into focus an ilnage that was only a vague blur before. It is our hope that any who have persevered through our labyrinth of detail will come out of it with a keener vision of the interrelationships in the dead beat escapement. Next month, practical repairs and adjustments to the escapement will be discussed. 28 Horological Times September 1978 Figure 1.

0

September 1978 Horological Times 29 SIMPLE ADAPTER FOR MEASURING CURRENT CONSUMPTION

by Edward F. Rice, Certified Electronics Technician and Gerald G. Jaeger CMW

The following article is a reprint from Horological Times, September 19 77. The authors have made some changes to better illustrate the content.

While it is not always necessary to measure consumption when of watches the needle jumps around so much that you can't diagnosing a battery-operated watch, certain failures can be read a value accurately off the scale. easily isolated this way. The trouble is that the manufac­ The simple little adapter described here and shown in turer's instructions for current measurement are often sketchy Figure 1 has two short leads extending from it to be plugged or nonexistent, and they may require that you use a special into your meter in place of the regular probes. Then, using the meter sold by the manufacturer. other test leads extending from the box, you will be able to If you have tried to measure consumption using your measure current consumption in any watch. The cost of parts ordinary Volt-Ohm-Amp meter, you found that on some is about $6.00 and jt will take about one-half hour to con­ balance wheel types you can't even get the watch to run when struct the adapter. Here's how to do it. the meter is in the circuit. This is because the meter itself Figure 2 shows a top view of the plastic box with requires some power to move the needle and there just isn't the dimensions we used for spacing the holes to match our enough to run both the watch and the meter. On other types meter. You may need to space the holes differently for your

Plugs for meter Black

%in. 0%in.i

1------2% in.------

Black Red

------~Probes for watch ------! Fig. 2 Top view

Figure 1.

30 Horological Times September 1978 meter. The diameter of the holes depends on size of wire used. The best way to provide the wires is to buy a set of ready-made test leads with the right kind of plugs for your KIENZLE CLOCK meter. The pointed tips are never sharp enough for use in a watch so you will have to sharpen them on a grinder or bench MOVEMENTS lathe, or with a file. Cut each lead about 8 inches from the end Battery Operated (1.5v) that goes into the meter. This gives four pieces of wire. The two shorter ones will go through the holes at the top of QUARTZ (4.1943 Megahertz) Figure 2 and the longer ones will enter the box through the • Standard 12 Hour lower set of holes. We put the black wires on the left side to • 24 Hour match the location of the negative connection to our meter. A • Day Date • 1/2 Hour Strike little cement on the inside secures the wires nicely. • Insert Movement (also as camp. fit-up) One of the two holes near the center is for mounting • Mini Pendulum the battery clip and the other one is for a piece of wire. When • Pendulum (8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 21") the clip is mounted on top of the box with a machine screw ELECTRONIC (5 Hz.-36,000 pr/hr) and a nut, a wire from one of the jaws must be fed through the • Standard 12 Hour remaining hole to the inside, and another wire is secured to the • 24 Hour nut holding the mounting screw. Since the clip will be mount­ • Bell (1 Strike Per Hour) ed With only one screw, a little epoxy under it will keep • Pendulum (8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 21") it from twisting to the side when in use. All Kienzle clock movements are self But before mounting the clip, it must be modified as starting, with sweep, 17.5 or 22mm (.689 follows to insulate the jaws from each other. See Figure 3. or .866") center shaft. Movements are complete with fittings. The type of clip specified in the parts list is the kind where the Kienzle manufactures and services a com­ jaws open vertically, moving apart at 180 degrees, so they will plete line of Movements, Automobile Clocks, Timers, Wall and Desk Clocks and Watches . Immediate Delivery. Contact your local supplier. If not available, call or write: Upper Jaw (Positive) with teeth bent flat KIENZLE TIME CORP., INC. Insulating material 3334 Commercial Ave., Northbrook, Ill. 60062 Small insulated wire cemented in place Phones: 312/564-1707 Telex: 72-4461

AMERICA'S MOST COMPLETE SUPPLY , Metal washer :----­ OF OMEGA MATERIAL 3Jnt.rrnatiuualllatrhmak.rrs Lower jaw with \ - I ttvo front teeth ~ POST OFFICE BOX 91909 LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90009

DRESS CHRONOGRAPH WATERPROOF 0 DIVING ALARM OMEGA ELECTRONIC Fig. 3 Clip Modification GOT A PROBLEM? WE'VE GOT ANSWERS! bear perpendicularly on the battery surfaces. The "alligator" As specialists in Omega material, tools and types won't work because the jaws open to an acute angle, like technical information, our business is assisting the jaws of an alligator, and therefore do not hold the battery securely. you in all your Omega needs. If you've had Insulating one jaw from the other is a simple matter. difficulty in obtaining common or even un­ First, remove the side and corner teeth from one jaw, leaving common Omega material, look no further. only two front teeth. This will be the lower jaw when the clip We stock Omega electronic, diving, chrono­ is mounted and it will contact the smaller negative terminal graph, backwind and case material as well as a of the battery (for most batteries). Next bend all the teeth complete selection of Omega tools-at un­ outward on the other jaw so the edge of this jaw is flat. Now insulate this edge by cementing to it a small piece of insulating questionably the lowest prices anywhere. All material such as a rubber or fiber washer about the same requests, large and small, are graciously diameter as a watch battery. Or, if you have handy some of invited. that silicone rubber sealer that comes in a tube, a blob of this can be shaped to do the job. All Parts Guaranteed Genuine (Continued on page 45)

September 1978 Horological Times 31 AFFILIATE CHAPTER COL_UMN

by Willard Blakley CMW

With the door closed on the annual meeting of the Affiliate from the repair job, the supply house has also lost a customer. Chapters for this year, I fmd myself still reflecting on the Let's hope in the near future that we see many of these events which transpired there. Every year we hear it said that prices corning down. Another area which seemed to spark a this was the best meeting we have ever had. This is not meant great deal of interest was the discussion on clockmaking. to underrate those meetings of the past, but is rather a com­ Many of the delegates and guests expressed the opinion that pliment to those past officers who have served so diligently. a workshop in clockmaking would be appreciated. This seems These people worked through their terms for the good of all to be an area which we have perhaps neglected and have not members and we build upon their accomplishments so we really attempted to develop. We have some members who are might enjoy a more successful future. One might say these are full time clockmakers and possibly we are not serving all our building blocks. Suggestions, recommepdations, and interests when we concentrate most of our efforts on watch­ even criticisms take their respective places in the foundation making. Since in fact we are "dedicated to the art and science and in the strengthening of the Affiliate Chapters. Every of horology," this should include clockmaking. I know the Affiliate Chapter Director faces the challenge of making the clock course which AWl offers is growing all the time, thus current meeting successful. And with your support I think indicating an increase in interest in this area. If you are in­ we have just experienced this in 1978. Any organization can terested in knowing more about clockmaking, take time to be brought to its potential or doomed by the members. We have let AWl know about it. They are interested in knowing how only begun to scratch the surface of the potential with AWI. many members work on clocks and how many would like to Our membership is at the highest level ever, which gives us a see a clockmaking workshop developed. Perhaps by the time great deal of collective power. The dedicated officers and of the next Affiliate Chapter Meeting we can begin to see this instructors help to keep our spirits high, and we are strength­ new workshop being formulated and ready for presentation ened so that we may go forward to bigger and better things by to interested members. the ongoing education programs provided to us in the form of One final note: the horological field has suffered a workshops, bench courses, seminars, and home study courses. great loss with the death of a respected colleague, William C. These areas are vital to the growth and existence of any organi­ {Bill) Lilley. Bill was a very proficient repairman and was a zation. I think AWl is succeeding well in all of these, and we great asset to AWI. Bill worked diligently at the bench and are looking forward to even more in the future. served many years as an officer in the Cincinnati Watchmakers There was a great deal of concern and discussion at Guild. We extend our deepest sympathy to his mother, Mrs. the Afflliate Chapter Meeting in regard to the increased cost Helen Lilley. Bill will certainly be missed by those who knew of watch material. Some delegates expressed the opinion that him. we are losing customers because of this. In some cases a customer will resort to buying an cheap watch rather than pay the high cost of having a high quality timepiece repaired. It ILLINOIS was recommended to the AWI Board of Directors that this situation be examined. This is only one area in which our The Illinois Watchmakers Annual Convention, sponsored by power may be felt. If you have a problem with this, make your the Central Illinois Watchmakers Association, will be held material supplier aware of it. If your customer walks away Saturday and Sunday, October 28 and 29, in Decatur. Bob

27/1\~ S. (t1aRose~lnc. Home of the PRECICHECK Worldwide Distributors to Horo/orYists '~\I t,4::/-?/ o 234 C911U11Uce Place, Greensboro, N. C. 27420, U.S. A.

32 Horological Times September 1978 Leach of Urbana is General Chairman for the event. Featured speakers will include Milton C. Stevens, Ewell Hartman, Mi­ chael P. O'Brien, Jacob Hess, AI Landau, and Jean P. Savary. 5 Mr. Stevens is Executive Secretary of AWI and will speak on what AWl is doing for its members. Milt is a watch­ SAVE 26! maker, clockmaker, jeweler and educator with a B.S. in MAKE 135°/o Education from the University of Cincinnati and an Ed.M., from Xavier University, Cincinnati. Ewell Hartman, CMW, is a nationally known horolo­ gist and jeweler. He will speak on "How to Stay Out of Trouble" (how to avoid, solve, and profit from your repair and service problems). Ewell is presently managing a store for Swarzchild Jewelers in Richmond, Virginia. He is a past president of the Horologic a! Association of Virginia and the AWI. Michael P. O'Brien will present a program on how to make more profit in your repair department. A designer and appraiser of jewelry, O'Brien now operates Moores' Jewelers in Peoria. Mr. Hess a rebuilder of antique timepieces and a graduate of Elgin Watchmakers College. He has been an executive engineer with Honeywell for 32 years. Hess will demonstrate lathe techniques and show various lathes tooled in different ways. AI Landau is owner of Intertime and will demonstrate digital module replacement using the Intertime Universal Modules. President of WOSIC since 1973, Mr. Savary will speak on "The Swiss Watch Industry-Today and Tomorrow." 37 Accutron® cells. Cost $1.23 each, suggested Mr. Savary is a past president of the Horological Society of retail $2.95 each. Your Profit: $63.64. New York, past director of AWl, and was Technical Director 44 assorted solid state and mercury cells. Cost of WOSIC from 1949 to 1973. $1.23 each, suggested retail $2.15 each. Your profit: $40.48. CALIFORNIA 20 gaskets. Cost FREE, suggested retail $1.50 each. Your profit: $30.00. Four representatives from Union Carbide shared their watch You can make $233, a clear profit of $134 on a battery knowledge with 150 members of the Horological $99 investment. PLUS whatever you choose to make on labor. And there's more. 5 case openers, 2 Association of California in attendance at the July 18 meeting case wrenches and 1 LED battery spring for your in Los Angeles. HAC thanks W.T. Kelly, Product Manager and own use. Ronald Medinger, Product Manager-Alkaline and Photo Most important of all, you get the new Bulova Batteries, who traveled from New York to present this educa­ Power Cell Replacement Guide, the most complete, illustrated service manual in the industry. You'll tional and enlightening program. They were assisted by W.B. know which genuine Bulova power cell to use, how Barrington, Division Manager Battery Products and Doug many you'll need and where and how to insert them, Nelson, District Manager. for nearly every make and type of watch your cus­ Now that the battery-powered watch is a fact of life tomers bring in. it is essential that the watchmaker understand how a battery It's the best guide written, and exactly what you'd expect from the people who give you the most functions, how it is constructed and the proper handling tested, most reliable batteries made. procedures to follow. Union Carbide covered each of these areas, and much more. The Bulova®Power Cell Mr. Kelly briefly outlined Union Carbide's role in the battery industry. The first "Eveready" battery was pro­ Replacement Case duced about 1895. Their C and D size batteries appeared in A name you know on a power cell you can trust. 1910. And their first watch battery appeared just over 20 ------, years ago. Since the development of the watch battery in I Contact your authorized Bulova Material Sales Distributor, or mail 1 1957, Union Carbide has done much to learn all possible about I this coupon now to: Bulova Watch Company, Material Sales I Division, 62-10 Woodside Avenue, Woodside, N.Y. 11377. J the watch industry in order to give the watchmaker, jeweler, and consumer the most reliable product. A pioneer in many I I I Send me Bulova Power Cell Replacement I facets of battery development, Union Carbide has made many continued technological advancements-they are a leader in 1 Case(s) at $99 each. I the field. "We can succeed only if you succeed," stated Mr. 1 FirmName I Kelly. I Address I (Continued on page 44) I City State __ Zip I I I I My Jobber's Name is I ~------~ ·978_1 September 1978 Horological Times 33 AWl technical bulletins AWl hot line AWl bench courses AWl horological times AWl museum AWl employment service AWl films and slides AWl ad assistance AWl lrbrary AWl home study AWl certification AWl federal liason AWl scholarships AWl awards

AWl NEWS

SOURCES

As an AWl member, you have received during the year a copy Hooks of the blue and gold • Sources" booklet. This booklet lists Keys many valuable sources for parts, supplies and services. Used as Mainsprings a directory it can save you much time in your everyday work. Pendulums AWI will do a total revision of the sources booklet Platform Escapements in 1980. For the coming year we will publish supplemental Suspension Springs pages updating the present book. These pages will be in­ Verges cluded with the membership renewal packets for 1979. We Verge Kits hope you will share with us any sources with which you have Weights been especially pleased. 1f you merchandise products, or pro­ Clock Movements (new) vide any of the services listed in the categories below, we Battery would like to hear from you. Your cooperation will make the Custom Made Movements next issue of "Sources" an even more valuable tool. Cuckoo Clock Movements 8-Day Replacement (Striking Movements) Clock Parts Grandfather Arbors Quarter-Hour Westminster (Spring Wound) Bezels Weight Driven Clocks-Striking Cable and Accessories Clock Motors (Electric) Chime Units, Chime Rods, Gongs, Bases and Bells Clock Repairs Cuckoo Clock Materials General Crystals Antique Dials Automobile Dial Pans Battery Escape Wheels (New) Cuckoo Finials Electric Floating Balance Units 400-Day 400-Day Clock Materials Marine Chronometers Hands Specialty Clocks Hardware for Cases Timers

Please type or print. Name of Firm ------

Service or Product ------

Address street city state or country zip Name of company official ------

Name of person contributing this information ------

Send to A WI Service Directory, Box 11011, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211.

34 Horological Times September 19 78 Watch Parts Watch Repairs Antique Complicated Cylinder Divers Electronic At Swest, Inc. we have Fusee over 50 years of quality Pocket service backing our re­ fining department. Railroad Whether your lot is 1 Repeaters ounce or 100 ounces Solid State we give it 1st class treat­ Specialty Watches ment. Miscellaneous Horological Supplies and Services W e offer several options Antique Clock Parts f o r your scrap lot in­ Antique Watch Parts (New and Used) cluding cash , exchange for new metal o r pay­ Balance Staffs Made to Order ment on credit account. Bezels-Custom Made Send us all your precious metal scrap whatever Books and Journals (Horological) the condition. We buy sweeps, filings, sprues, Case Repairs (Watch) buttons, film ash, watch cases and bands, op ­ Case Repairs (Clock) tical scrap, charms and old jewelry, palladium Chime Rods Fit and Tuned and platinum scrap, amalgam , yellow gold filled, Clock Glass Beveled-Custom Made st erling silver and karat gold scrap of all kinds. Clock Parts Custom Made Free shipping containers upon request. Write for our brochure and refining schedule. Please Clock Plates Made to Order direct your response to the Dallas office. Clock Wheels-Wood

Cuckoo Clock Bellows Repaired I SINCE 19 23 Dials-Repainted (Clock) l INC. P DEPT HT Enameling-Case and Dials FORMERLY SOUTHWEST SMELTING & REFINING 10803 COMPOSITE 0~ . DALLAS TEXAS 75220 PH (214] 350-4011 Escape Wheels Made to Order (Watch) 431 ISOM RO SAN ANTONIO TEXAS 78216 PH (512] 349-4118 Escape Wheels Made to Order (Clock) 1725 V IC T O~Y8L V D GLENDA L E CA9120 1 PH (213]246 8385 Horological Machine Shop Service Jewel Fitting Mainspring Barrels (New-Clock) Mainspring Barrels Repaired (Clock) Watch Cases (New) Mainspring Fit to Barrel (Clock) Watch Cases (Old Discontinued Models) Mainspring Made to Order (Clock) Watch Cases Repaired) Mainspring Made to Order (Watches) Watch Crystals Custom Made Bell Metals Watch Crystals Fit Brass Watch Movements (New) Brass Rod Watch Movements (Used) Drill Rod Wheels Cut (Watch) Gear Stock Wheels Cut (Clock) Mainspring Stock Wheels Repaired (Clock) Pinion Wire Wheels Repaired (Watch) Sheet Steel Wheel and Pinion Cutters Suspension Spring Steel Wheel Blanks If you supply any of these items or services, or deal with Wire-Piano String individuals or firms who do, please complete the form on Music Boxes the preceding page and send it to us before October 1, 1978. Musical Items (Automated) Repaired D Phonographs Repaired (Antique) Pinions Cut (Clock) Pinions Cut (Watches) Repivoting (Clock) Repivoting (Watch) Sleeve and Stems (American Pocket Watches) Solid State Watch Parts As we grow better we meet better people. Solid State Watch Replacement Movements Special Parts Made to Order (Clock) Special Parts Made to Order (Watch) Tools Made to Order

September 1978 Horological Times 35 SCHOLASTICALLY SPEAKING

by Deane L. Jenne Chairman, Research and Education Council

In my opinion, the teachers who did not attend the REC We have been talking about the teachers who have workshop, conducted by Louis A. Zanoni and the WOSIC not been attending the REC workshops. How about the teach­ in Cincinnati last June missed a good opportunity to keep ers who have been attending? Have you been working this updated on the latest technical infonnation and techniques information into your curriculum? I sincerely hope so. It does of servicing the LED and the LCD watches, which I feel are require a lot of time and work, but it is time well spent, and it here to stay. Unless they are getting this information from must be done so we can keep our students and the bench some other source, they are depriving their students, because watchmakers up-to-date. I am hoping that all the schools are what the teacher does not learn he cannot teach. helping to keep the bench watchmaker informed by having night classes. If not, then the afflliate chapters and the bench Therefore, I would suggest that all the teachers of watchmakers should talk to the school administrators to see REC start making plans to attend the REC workshop next what can be done. I know most of the schools do not have year. There have been so many changes in the past few years enough watch movements for a hands-on training at night. that there is no way a teacher can keep up with them unless In another article, I will make some suggestions on how we he attends the REC, AWl, or factory workshops. Any teacher still can help the bench watchmaker. who has not been keeping abreast of the changes in the watch­ making field in the past ten years is facing a nearly impossible I know I am repeating myself and I will keep doing task of keeping up-to-date. It is not impossible if he really so. We all (AWl, REC, the Afflliate Chapters, and the bench wants to; nevertheless, it will require much time and work that watchmakers) must work together if we are to survive! 0 could have been solved if he had been attending the REC workshops in the past years. It is hoped that the AWI Afflliate Chapters and the bench watchmakers in the states which have a watch­ making school will get involved. Check with the instructor and school administrators to find out if the school is a member of WHAT IS YOUR SCHOOL UP TO? AWl and REC. If not, encourage them to join, or let me know and I will let them know the advantages of a being a member. If the school is a member, but the teachers are not attending Education is a vital aspect of all industries and trade. the REC workshops, then encourage them to attend so they This is especially true of the watchmaking, clock­ can take the latest information and techniques back to their making, and jewelry trades. The editors of Horo­ students and to you. We all have to get involved and work logi.cal Times invite news items from colleges and together if the watchmaker is to survive in this ever-so-fast­ trade schools. Please let us know what your school moving trade. Do not leave it up to the other person to do. is up to. Chances are he is leaving it up to you and it will never get done. So, if everyone will work together, we will get the job done.

Home of the PRECICHECK

Z34 COIIllnelce Place, G~nsboro, N. C. Z74ZO, U.S. A.

36 Horologi.cal Times September 19 78 •••

THE AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS INSTITUTE OFFERS A PROVEN PRACTICAL COURSE OF INSTRUCTION THROUGH CORRESPONDENCE IN CLOCK REP AIR

• COMPLETE CURRICULUM • OUTSTANDING INSTRUCTORS • TRAINING KITS •APPROVED FOR VETERANS

WRITE TODAY FOR A COURSE BOOKLET

AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF HOME STUDIES AWl CENTRAL- BOX 11011 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45211

APPROVED BY STATE OF OHIO BOARD OF SCHOOL AND COLLEGE REGISTRATION (72-08-0343H) ~n.ecial Renort by Marvin Whitney

We are hearing that regardless of their area of study, many college graduates are finding that a degree does not mean in­ stant employment. The value of a college degree, like that of the dollar, is not what it used to be. Students who have chosen a liberal arts degree find it particularly difficult to find a job but this may not hold true either as changes occur in our economy. So, is it necessary for everyone to go to college? I believe not, for everyone does not belong in college. All too many parents think it is a social disgrace if their What can be children do not attend college, and in some instances, they even force college on their children. They will sing the praises of vocational education but it is for the child down the street and not theirs. It is a well known fact that about 80% of the jobs today do not require a college degree. So to me, it is a mistake to think that only those persons who choose to attend to entice college will become successful and will command high salaries. Success in life does not depend solely on a college education. Many people fail to realize or stress "the dignity of work." They assume--quite wrongly-that a young person either goes to college and continues to learn, or goes to work and stops young people learning. Yet, with our population growth and technological advancement, we are experiencing a greater need for the craftsman. The U.S. Department of Labor indicates that there is a continuing need for new skilled workers. Who else can attest to that any better than we in the watch and jewelry career of trade? And, yet, to enter these skilled trades, one does not need a college degree. Is there something wrong with vocation­ al Education? Are we always going to treat it as a dirty word? Are we always going to consider vocational courses a "dump­ ing ground" for retarded students and disciplinary cases? Yes, these pupils need special attention, but vocational classes are Watchmaking not the real solution. One of the fastest growing trends in education today is the community college- America's educational super­ market. Supermarket because a student can earn an Associate of Arts degree in two years, which is inexpensive and the curriculum is geared specifically to local needs. If your local needs are watchmakers and jewelry repairmen, it might just be Jewelry Repair worth your while to check with your area community college and see if they are in a position to help you. High school counselors have a much greater effect About the Author: Technical Editor Marvin E. upon young people trying to decide what type of job they Whitney, CMW, CMC spent many years as an in­ would like to choose as their life's work than many people structor in horology and earned recognition as one realize. Most counselors make a sincere effort to keep abreast of this country's leading chronometer authorities of the demands of a changing job market, and are always while employed by the Naval Observatory. Mr. interested in receiving help from the local business. They Whitney is an Educator and School Administrator encourage having business people come in and talk to their in Washington, D.C.; he has published numerous students about various occupations and jobs particularly articles in the field, and presently is co-authoring during Career Day or Week which every high school has a book on clock repair. Because of his position and sometime during the school year. reputation, Mr. Whitney has been called upon many Do you know your high school counselor? Do you times to repair timepieces for the White House and know what the counselor in your high school is advising individual Presidents. young men and women who may be interested in entering

38 Horological Times September 1978 #876 PENDULUM #836 INSERT

.95 $11 .SO In Quantity $8 In Quantity

A battery powered movement you can At long last! The answer for the rely on- top clock installation and replacement quality by a West markets ... A battery powered insert German manufacturer movement that is ready to install specializing in unique quickly & economically. Complete clock movements. with polished brass finish bezel, Pendulum adjustment attractive dial and hands . actually controls the Functions for more than a year on a accuracy. Fully solid state single ·c· cell. All this at a engineered without contacts. remarkably low price. A truly Warranted one full year. Pendulum reliable movement with millions in done shaft & bob have a brushed brass service world wide - Accuracy to finish. Available in three lengths- seven seconds per day and 5%"-10"-12". warranted one full year. 1 or 2@ 13.95 Each 1 or 2 @ 11 .95 Each 3 to 9@ 12.95 Each 3 to 9@ 10.95 Each 1 0 to 14 @ 11 .95 Each 10 to 24 @ 10.00 Each Carton 25 @ 11 .50 Each Carton 25@ 8.95 Each

#400 QUARTZ #300 TRANSISTOR .95 .85 $7 In Quantity $5 In Quantity into a 25/ 16x27/ 8x1 1/ 16

Extreme accuracy (one minute per year) is now available at moderate cost for customers that demand Housed in a dust free capsule, this precise time keeping. This quality reliable movement represents your movement has an especially best value today in a transistor balanced condensator instead of clock movement - Runs for over a the customary adjustable trimmer year on a single ·c· cell and used in some Quartz Movements. Other quality features such as high accurate to within 10 se conds per Quartz oscillation of 4.1943 MHz day. The low price combined with with an extremely low aging rate, trouble free service, make th is our guarantees reliable time keeping best seller year after year Com es and as well as accuracy. The small completed with polished brass dimensions are ideal for all jobs. hands and fully guaranteed for one Fully warranted for one year. 1 or 2 @ 11.95 Each year. 1 or 2@ 8.20 Each 3 to 9@ 9.95 Each 3 to 9@ 7.75 Each 10 to 24@ 9.50 Each 10 to 24@ 7.25 Each Carton 25 @ 8.40 Each Carton 25 @ 6.20 Each Delivery From Stock - Prices Include Hands - Use Coupon Below

333 SIBLEY ST., P.O. BOX 43561 ESSLINGER & CO. DEPT. H·8 ST. PAUL, MN 551~ Please Send Movements as listed Plus $1 .00 For Delivery

___ #876 Battery Pendulum Movements@·------­ --- #836 Battery Insert Movements @·------#400 Quartz Battery Movements @· ______#300 Transistor Clock Movements @______--- Check Here For Free Illustrated Booklet

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY STATE ______ZIP------

September 1978 Horological Times 39 Questions and Answers Book Available

11\llN'UI\1. OIHitf'ITI\1: I~ Tl!r. liM \fll

.,.. • t- 1 .,. .. •"1*... ,... noo• .. ~ •" •• ...... ~·· , •• ,, __ ...... • ...... - 11· '"'" ..

-' ""

\ I,., 111 rn ~ \l'tll I' 11-r.o 1

.... • • ..._,. ~

.....JO \..• • I··-

...... ,. ~ ...... ,..-~ ......

The AWl Book "Questions & Answers of and for the Watchmaking Profession" can help you with the answers to questions you have always been meaning to read-up on sometime. Featured in the book is nomenclature, parts identification along with questions and answers ofitems which frequently appear on certification or state licensing examinations. The material presented in this book has been prepared and approved by leading horological educators in the country; namely members of the AWI Research & Education Council. Order your copy from AWl Central, P.O. Box 11011, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211. Please enclose your check for $4.95 with your order. We cannot accept COD or open account orders.

40 Horological Times September 19 78 the jewelry or watchmaking profession? Have you ever offered AWl's program is to help young people interested in watch to speak, or serve, or be present for a panel discussion at your repairing in U.S. schools. Selection of recipients for both local high school Career Day? If you are truly interested in scholarships is make by their respective boards. If interested, seeing young people brought into the watch and jewelry applications are available from: WOS, Information Center, 608 profession, a visit with the counselor in your high school Fifth Avenue, New York 10020, and AWl, P.O. Box 11011, might be a good idea and worth its weight in gold. Cincinnati, Ohio 45211.

AWl, through its Research and Education Council, What is DECA or D. E.? Never heard of it! has provided workshops for instructors in our U.S. watch­ making schools. These workshops have received a great deal of DECA is an acronym for Distributive Education Clubs of positive publicity in our trade magazines and overwhelming America-D.E. stands for Distributive Education. DE in your approval from the schools and their instructors. Also, a new community ought to be to you as much of a household word Course of Study has been written and is available to our as typing, PE, or Math. DE in your local high school is a schools. "hands on" training program coordinated with the various Meanwhile, the RJA has instituted excellent pro­ local business establishment. It may be anything from how to grams to help enlighten our young people to careers in the write a sales slip, how to polish watch cases or a piece of jewelry business. One of the finest career packets available to silverware, to arranging a jewelry display. It might involve high school counselors that I have seen is the one entitled many instructional areas-bookkeeping, design, etc. Many of the Golden Touch, which is extremely well done and ac­ you, I am sure, have joined with your local school in partici­ curately tells the jewelry story. pation in this type of training program and are happy with it. I know of several instances where a watch/clock­ Recently, we have been hearing a new education maker has contacted his local high school-seeking a me­ term-Career Education or Career Development. Changing chanically inclined student and is most happy with the results. conditions in our society have created an entirely new environ­ There are all too many people who seem to be afraid of our ment: new aspirations, new jobs, and new careers. Congress schools-but there are many positive things happening in them has greatly expanded the scope and objectives of the old vo­ and it might be to your welfare to become involved. cational education programs by broadening the purpose and moving toward a career education concept. Career education is not a new program or course, but a new concept. Career education is aimed to help all students, K through 12, to make wiser career decisions through vocationally oriented It is a well known fact that about 80% of the jobs programs, demonstrations, and the incorporating career infor­ mation within the regular classes of reading, English, social studies, math, etc., at all levels. The need to include career today do not require a college degree. education experiences early in a child's school career is be­ coming more apparent. There is evidence to show that children are able to cope with concepts of the world at a very early age. What Else is Available? In view of this rationale, RJA has prepared a new book for children in kindergarten and the primary grades AWI has an Apprenticeship Packet available from the home entitled, I Want to Be a Jeweler. It's a fascinating story written office for the asking. This packet was put together with the so that it not only teaches the young child about what a jewel­ help of the Department of Labor which is responsible for the er does, but it also tells him what abilities are necessary to be administration of an apprenticeship program. There is a a good jeweler. I Want to Be a Jeweler may be ordered from stipend for the watchmaker to compensate for his time spent RJA for $2.50 per copy. Why not purchase a few copies and instructing the apprentice. Here too, I know of several watch­ place them in your local school and library? and clockmakers who have taken advantage of this program and are truly excited about it. You may ask what these aforementioned remedies To stimulate interest in watchmaking among our will do for you right now. Not much, but I till tell each of you young people, the Watchmakers of Switzerland and AWl that if we do not make a sincere effort to find a solution to sponsor annual scholarships. The WOSIC scholarship provides this dilemma and make a move, a head-in-the-sand attitude is training in a Swiss horological school for one year while not going to be the cure. D

Home of the PRECICHECK

September 1978 Horological Times 41 Another valuable accessory is the clamp microphone. This can be clipped directly to the movement holder while working with the watch on the bench. It is a definite ad­ FASTER TIMING vantage to purchase a changeover switch from the manu­ (Continued from page 19) facturer. This permits use of either the clamp microphone or the standard microphone by simply touching the switch. 0 when the exact daily rate is desired. The sensitivity control This arrangement permits the testing of two watches without permits allowances to be made for proper microphone pickup removing either from its microphone. of various sizes and types of watches. It is also valuable in A fourth accessory that some watchmakers may fmd controlling interference noises. helpful is a speaker-amplifier that can be plugged into the The earphone is a valuable accessory which is often earphone jack. With this unit, the watch can be easily heard disregarded by watchmakers-even those who are experienced. without wearing an earpiece. It can be purchased from various This can be easily worn while working with the machine and advertised sources, complete with its own clip microphone, it makes the job of analyzing much easier. Its use makes for less than $20 (Figure 8). The clip microphone makes it possible the interpretation of most irregular movements possible to use the speaker-amplifier independently for listen­ of the indicator. A movement that is not making proper ing to the beat of large clocks. contact with the microphone, as well as outside interference, The analog timer and tester can produce information will be obvious. It is also easy to hear a rebanking condition, accurately and efficiently for the watchmaker who under­ hairspring noises, the passing of a faulty, or long, escape stands it principles and develops the skill to interpret it properly. tooth, etc. D

possible, the power which has been transmitted through the SHIP'S CHRONOMETER train from the mainspring to the escape wheel pinion. In the (Continued from page 25) detent escapement, this is accomplished by the action of the riveted to the body of the detent, whereas Earnshaw's trip escape wheel teeth on the impulse jewel. spring is made of gold and attached to the side of the detent The impulse roller and unlocking roller are mounted by a screw. on the balance staff under the balance wheel. The impulse The escape wheel is made out of hardened brass with roller, which is usually half the diameter of the escape wheel 13 to 16 teeth. Most European chronometers use the IS-tooth and larger than the unlocking roller, carries the impulse jewel escape wheel while the Hamilton and Nardin have a 16-tooth and receives an impulse from the escape wheel, while the un­ wheel. Escape wheels in the very first chronometers were flat locking roller carries the unlocking jewel. The unlocking with the teeth being on the same plane as the rim. In the jewel acts against the trip spring on the detent. modern chronometer, the teeth have a straight face and are In designing a spring detent escapement, makers raised above the plane of the rim; consequently, they are · endeavor to position the impulse roller on the balance staff broader, providing an increased acting surface and thus, reduc­ as nearly midway as possible between the two pivots. In ing wear without materially increasing the inertia of the order to achieve this, the escape wheel is moun.ted as high as wheel. See Figure 2. On the Hamilton escape wheel, the top, possible on its staff, very near the top plate. In the Hamilton and front, back, and tip faces of the teeth are polished, which Nardin the escape wheel extends nearly through the plate and greatly improves the appearance of the wheel. has a separate bridge over the upper escape pivot. In the detent escapement the function of the escape­ Since the two jewels are mounted on separate rollers, ment is the same as that of a watch movement, that being to the angle between the two is adjustable. Hamiltons put into impart to the balance regularly and with as small as loss as service before 1944 were fitted with a one-piece roller which

Figure 2. Hamilton escape wheel.

42 Horological Times September 1978 gold spring (sometimes referred to as the passing spring). Not all makes use a separate support block. The locking jewel is either D-shaped or a modified V (cuneiform shaped) where the apex of the V is very slightly rounded with one faceted side shorter than the other. Mercer uses a rectangular-shaped jewel (very similar in shape to the impulse jewel) with the back side of the locking face chamfered to give clearance for the escape wheel tooth to pass. The term trip spring is more appropros than either passing or gold spring. Through the years it was referred to as the gold spring because it was, as it is in many instances today, made out of IOK gold, although it performs a tripping Impulse Face or Plane action in the escapement. Today, other alloyed metals are being used with equal success. Hamilton first used beryllium copper and later switched to Hamilton Elinvar. By switching Figure 3. Solid roller-no impulse jewel to Elinvar, Hamilton was able to reduce the thickness at the flexing point and the appearance of the spring was enhanced. did not allow changes in the angular relationship. As these The trip spring is about 0.0030 inch thick at the instruments were returned to the Naval Observatory for over­ front end (nearest the balance) and diminishes in thickness haul, the one-piece roller was replaced with the two-piece from 0.0015 inch to 0.002 inch thick at the screw end. Thus, roller. However, not all instruments were returned so there are the flexation of the trip spring occurs at the base or screw end still many in the field and in storage with the one-piece roller. of the spring rather than at the front end, offering less re­ Starting with number 6408, Hamiltons, as they left the fac­ sistance to the unlocking jewel (located on a roller on the tory, were fitted with a two-piece roller. balance staff) as it trips past the end of the trip spring on its The jewels are either rubies or sapphires. However, return excursion or "dumb vibration." By being thicker on the this writer has seen several chronometers that came to the front end, the trip spring will not buckle when the unlocking Naval Observatory for repairs where the impulse jewel was jewel strikes the trip spring, moving the detent away from the made of hardened steel, and the face of this steel impulse escape wheel, thus unlocking it. The trip spring is screwed jewel showed no sign of appreciable wear. Also, I have seen tightly to the detent and rests against the end or horn. chronometers fitted with a solid impulse roller without an The detent perse is a bar or strip of steel, hardened impulse jewel. The impl!_lse from the escape wheel tooth is and tempered to spring temper, carrying the locking jewel in a imparted directly to the face of the roller in a milled out tube-like projection and thinned near the base or foot, where recess on the edge of the roller. This solid type of roller, it is held by screws, either to the support block which in turn shown in Figure 3, does not impede the action of the escape­ is fastened to the underside of the top plate or directly to the ment and performs very well until it becomes worn. It can be top plate. See Figure 4. Various adjusting screws permit the easily repolished then, but because of wear and added friction, proper adjustment of the detent and trip spring. the jewel is preferred. Since the Mercer employs an entirely different When the balance wheel receives an impulse from the shaped locking jewel, a different method of holding the jewel escape wheel acting upon the impulse jewel, the balance con­ in the detent is necessary. Mercer's locking jewel is fitted into tinues in motion until the momentum of the balance is over­ a slotted metal socket on the side of the .detent. See Figure 5. come by the hairspring. On its return, the vibration is un­ This design greatly reduces the chances of the jewel being impeded except when the unlocking jewel passes the trip accidentally broken off. spring. On the next vibration, the unlocking jewel strikes the trip spring in passing, moving the detent away from the escape Figure 4. Typical English detent. wheel, unlocking the escape wheel tooth from the locking jewel. At this moment, the impulse jewel has entered the escape wheel in readiness to receive an impulse from the next tooth. As the impulse is given, the detent with its locking jewel has sprung back toward the escape wheel, locking the next tooth. The amount of lock is controlled by adjusting ! the banking screw. ,---,,, ,---, n The detent assembly consists of the detent support I I block, detent, locking jewel, banking screw and the trip or ~ u

< & 0 G II cC~J I

September 1978 Horological Times 43 Nardin. The double or two-ribbon type of detent is a difficult one to replace. Jewels, we know, greatly improve the performance and accuracy of the timepiece, and a fully jeweled watch generally has 21 or 23 jewels. Thus, one would be inclined to think that since a chronometer is a very fme timepiece, it would have more. Such is not the case, for the very finest have but 9, 11, or 14 jewels. A good hard brass bearing or bushing for a pivot is nearly as good as a jewel, if well oiled, and will wear for years. I have seen many chronometers which were quite old and whose bearings were kept well oiled and consequently showed little or no sign of wear. In the modern chronometer the upper and lower pivots of the balance, escape wheel and the lower fourth wheel are always jeweled. The upper pivot of the fourth is often jeweled and sometimes those of the third wheel are also. Figure 5. Mercer's locking jewel and socket. The upper and lower balance and escape wheel are fitted with olive hole jewels and are capped. The upper balance cap jewel is a rose-cut diamond set in steel while the others are The detent is positioned to the underside of the top rubies or sapphires. The reason for the diamond is that the plate as nearly tangential to the balance wheel as possible, i.e., balance is so heavy its pivot would pit a ruby or sapphire. the whole detent should be on a straight line drawn from the The rose diamond is round and cut so the underside is flat balance hole jewel through the point where lock takes place while the upper portion is pyramidal in shape. The Hamilton and the center of the screw securing the detent. This alignment also uses a diamond for the upper balance cap, but both sides will cause the trip spring to point directly to the center of the are ground and polished flat. balance staff. The jewels are burnished in a brass setting fitted into The Hamilton and Nardin detent differs in that the recessed holes and secured by small screws. In the Hamilton foot, spring and body are all in one piece, as usual, but the the jewels are burnished in brass setting, but the setting is spring is formed as two ribbons with a space between them. friction-fitted in the plates and bridges. The horn of the detent is bent at an angle of approximately The disassembling of a ship's chronometer will be 45° in order that the trip spring may still point to the center discussed in next month's issue. of the balance staff or hole jewel; the detent is positioned approximately 20° away from the usual position. The trip Figure 6. Hamilton and Nardin detent. spring is mounted on an angular bracket which is in turn screwed to the body of the detent. See Figure 6. In many respects the Hamilton and Nardin detent is very similar to the one used by A.L. Breguet in his early chronometers. Breguet had a double spring with a wide space between the two parts and his trip spring was mounted on an extension piece and crossed the horn of the detent, which was bent to an S shape, very similar to that of Hamilton and

Note: 2-thin ribbons or double spring and slot for the adjusting screw head.

0

installation procedures, advertising and promotional materials ASSOCIATION NEWS available, and the opportunities opened to the watchmaker (Continued from page 33) and jeweler through watch batteries. Questions not answered by the slides were elaborated upon during the lively question and answer session which Mr. Medinger then introduced the slide program followed. entitled, "Helping You to Know and Grow with Watch Bat­ The evening concluded with a drawing for three teries." The slides educated the audience on many aspects of door prizes-W100 Solid State Watch Battery Testers. And these "Miniature power plants" including performance charac­ everyone in ·attendance was presented with a special gift and teristics, battery types, manufacturing and testing processes, descriptive literature, compliments of Union Carbide.

44 Horological Times September 19 78 These four gentlemen are a credit to their company The new procedure for electing new board members and their industry. It was agreed by all in attendance that the as outlined in the revised constitution and by-laws was quite program they presented was one of the most professional, successful this year. A slate of eight candidates for the five orderly, and best commercial programs HAC has enjoyed. openings on the board was prepared. It is hoped that ten men each year will run for the five positions, representing all OHIO parts of the state. State members must get involved in WAO to keep the organization strong. Selected to the board this The Watchmakers Association of Ohio, Inc. was represented year were Jim Broughton, Jack St. Cyr, Bob Allis, Al Brehl, at the American Watchmakers Institute annual meeting by and Ralph Giantonio. Congratulations, gentlemen. The organi· delegate Bob Allis from Fostoria and alternate Al Finch zation thanks those who submitted their names in nomination from Toledo. WAO had requested last year that it be allowed but were not selected. to sponsor this year's cookout in place of Indiana. The reason Information on the first seminar will be announced for the switch was to allow Ohio to honor outgoing president within the month. Jim Broughton, since he is a past president ofWAO. Bob Allis was in charge of making the arrangements for the affair, and with the help of all of the Ohio delegation, he did a fine job. Everyone seemed to have an enjoyable evening with plenty VIRGINIA to eat and drink. By the time this is in print, WAO will have concluded The Potomac Guild held a meeting on Tuesday, August 8 their annual convention and meeting. Another year will have in Annandale. Mr. Norman Lanmaid gave a talk and slide been planned which will include at least four seminars, and presentation on seventeenth century English clocks. He also they will be held in all parts of the state. There will be some showed examples. new seminar material, but it is possible that some programs The State Board held a meeting on Sunday, July 23 of last year will be repeated. in Charlottesville. 0

SIMPLE ADAPTER PI ugs for meter (Continued from page 31) Black(-) The last step in the preparation of the clip is to cement on top of the insulator a brass washer large enough to make a contact for the battery when it is held between the jaws. Before cementing it, solder a few inches of thin insulated wire to the washer. This part of the clip will be the positive battery connection. The other side of the clip will be on the bottom contacting the negative side of the battery. After all the parts are mounted they can be con­ nected with short pieces of wire as shown in Figure 4. Be sure to note the polarity of the capacitor leads. Sometimes the leads are marked with plus and minus signs and sometimes only one lead is marked. The adapter will not work if the capacitor is wired backwards. Also, be careful about con­ necting wires which come through the box from the top so you don't mistake a positive for a negative one. Figure 4 shows the box with the red leads on the left side, but this is a bottom view. This arrangement matches our meter connections. You Red(+) Black (-) may decide to reverse these parts if your meter connections Probes for watch • - -- - are the opposite way. The principie on which the adapter works is not com­ Fig. 4 Inside view plicated. It depends entirely on the effect of the capacitor which is connected directly across the meter movement. When

-'l77 1 'Y~ - S. (LaRose,~Inc. Home of the PRECICHECK Worldwide Distributors to Horolouists ''*\:tt,k7" 0 234 Commerce P ..ce, Greensboro, N. C. 27420, U.S. A.

September 1978 Horological Times 45 HOROLOGICAL ~ Bav~ng yaur TIMES® (!]

we have the answer for protecting and organizing your magazines. This leather-look binder holds 12 issues (that's one volume) and is an attractive addition to any library, office or home. No longer will you have to search for that March '77 issue, or wonder if the January '78 went out the door via the last paper drive. All issues can be inserted as you receive them. If you are interested in organization, send a check or money ord~r in the amount of $6.95 to: HT BINDERS P.O. BOX 11011 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45211

Allow 3 weeks for handling and delivery.

the probes are connected to a watch, pulsating current flows from the battery, through the watch and also through the meter movement. The meter movement is simply a small coil ~ mounted between permanent magnets so that it will turn WATCH BATTERIES when current flows through it. The indicator needle is at­ tached to the coil. If it were not for the capacitor the coil would respond to the quick pulses of current drawn by the watch and it would be impossible to take a reading. The capacitor acts like a storage tank. When elec­ trons are flowing during a pulse the plates of the capacitor be­ come charged with electrons. When the pulse of current stops the capacitor sends its stored electrons through the meter to keep the needle steady at one position until the next pulse. In electronics, this is called a "filter" because it 3-6% DISCOUNT ?J~oicE smoothes out the pulses into steady current through the meter...... As an added feature, you can also measure the bat­ ALL ORDERS RECEIVED BY MAIL OR PHONE . .. BY Il:OOAM tery voltage. Just put the battery in the clip, switch your ARE SHIPPED BY UNITED PARCEL SERVICE OR U.S. MAIL meter to volts and plug the adapter mto your meter. Now AT 4:00 PM THE SAME DAY when you touch the pointed test probes together the meter e POSTAGE PAID ORDER FORMS e FREE DISPLAYS will read the battery voltage. e NO SHIPPING CHARGE e FREE TECHNICAL DETAILS

e NO MINIMUM ORDER e BONUS PROGRAMS PARTS LIST

SEND YOUR NEXT WATCH BATTERY ORDER TO . . . (Catalog numbers here refer to 1977 Radio Shack Inc. cata­ log number 279; a wide range of substitutions is possible.) A. G. BARTHOLOMEW, INC. 1 non-insulated battery clip no. 270 379 " THE BATTERY PEOPLE" 1 bakelite box no. 270 231 11189 SPEAR ROAD CONCORD TWP. 1 Electrolytic Capacitor; 470 microfarards, 16 volts. PAINESVILLE, OIDO 44077 PHONE (21 6) 951 ·B3B3 no. 272 1007 I Test leads with tip plugs to match your meter connections 46 Horological Times September 1978 NEW PRODUCTS

SEIKO INTRODUCES ULTRA-THIN WATCH

Seiko recently introduced what is believed to be the thinnest watch-quartz or mechanical-ever made available by any watch manufacturer in the world. This new men's ultra-thin analog quartz watch has a movement, including the battery, which measures less than 1 mm-the thinnest yet announced. It's about as thin as a dime. The movement without the battery measures 0.90 mm, This elegant analog quartz watch will be made availa­ and with the battery measures 0.95 mm, according to Hideaki ble in limited quantities this fall in two styles-with a round Moriya, president of Sei.ko Time Corporation, New York, the case and a rectangular case. They were shown to the jewelry US marketing organization for Seiko, world leader in quartz trade for the first time at the Retail Jewelers of America watches. The move~ent's thin ness was made possible by the Trade Show in New York City, July 22-26. use of a very small ~uartz oscillator, step motor and power cell. The complete watch-including its 18K solid gold case and dial, crystal, and silver oxide battery-measures only POWER CELL GUIDE FROM BULOVA 2.5 mm, thinner than a silver dollar. It is the first watch-quartz or mechanical-known to be on the market which measures This new 68-page illustrated Bulova Power Cells Guide lists less than 3 mm in thickness. the power cell requirements for 4,178 styles of electronic Mr. Moriya stated that the new highly styled quartz battery-powered watches offered by 235 different brands of watch introduced today is accurate to within 10 sec/month. watches. With it and the Bulova Power Cell Kit, the jeweler The 18K dial has 18K gold hour and minute hands, leather can provide expert replacement battery service on solid-state strap, and a silver oxide battery guaranteed for approximately digital watches, on analog quartz-based watches, on tuning­ one year without replacement. The Seiko executive further fork watches and on battery-powered balance wheel watches. noted that every part and component of the watch, including the battery, had been produced by Seiko at its own produc­ tion facilities.

REPLACEMENT AND CROSS REFERENCE GUIDE FOR BRAND NAME WATCHES._.

;;] I1 'I ~' . ~ I ~ ·~ I

A copy of the new Guide is available free to jewelers with each Bulova Power Cell Kit No. YY081 ordered. Additional information is available from Sol Friedman, Bulova Material Sales, 62-10 Woodside Avenue, Woodside, New York 11377, (212) 335-6000.

September 1978 Horological Times 47 HOROLOVAR PUBLISHES 50,000th COPY Mr. Terwilliger said that there are probably 10 million OF ITS REPAIR GUIDE 400-day clocks in the United States today, presenting an enormous potential for repairmen. The 400-Day Clock Repair The eighth edition of The Horolovar 400-Day Clock Repair Guide, actually a do-it-yourself book, is a time-saving must for Guide, by Charles Terwilliger, has just been issued, marking any one who works on these clocks. the 25th anniversary of the publication of the Guide's first The good news is that there is no increase in price edition and total sales in the years since of 50,000 copies. for this more complete eighth edition. The book, 7 in. x 10 in., The new edition has been updated on almost half of 184 pages, hard cover, is available from material dealers, its pages. Among the many additions are 19 new suspension horological booksellers, or direct from The Horolovar Com­ unit drawings for standard and miniature electronic clocks, pany, Box 400-T, Bronxville, New York 10708 for $8.95 plus quartz clocks made by Hermie, Kern and Kunda, as well as $0.66 postage. Master and New Master clocks by Nisshindo. All of these 400-day clocks are currently being imported into the United States in large numbers. "When the first edition of the Repair Guide was published in 1953," Mr. Terwilliger said, "it was a 48-page, soft cover, suspension spring guide and contained very little repair information." The eighth edition contains 184 pages in BOOK REIIIEW eight sections, the first two devoted entirely to the repair of the clock. Section 1, Adjustment" and Repair of the Escape­ by Henry B. Fried ment, written and illustrated by Henry B. Fried, is so complete that it is used by the AW I in its general clock repair course. Section 2, Answers to the 35 Most Frequently Asked Ques­ Watchmakers and Clockmakers in Russia 1400 to 1850, by tions . .. solves practically all of the problems a repairman will Valentin L. Chenakal, translated by W.F. Ryan. Antiquarian meet. Horological Society, 1976, 64 pages. 10 photographs of Sections 3 and 4 show identifying marks. There are clockmakers. $3. 00. 402 movement back plates illustrated, including almost every 400-day clock ever made. For most of these clocks, the Britten's Old Clocks, Watches and Their Makers, Bailie's, correct suspension spring strength, the suspension unit and Watchmakers and Clockmakers of the World, Palmer's Book mainspring size are given. Section 5 illustrates 114 suspension of American Clocks, Loome's second edition of Baille's list of spring units in scale drawings so accurate that the unit can be makers, Tardy's Dictionnaire de Horologers Francaise and the assembled right on the page. Sections 6 and 7 describe and various other listings of regional watch- and clockmakers have illustrate Horolovar 400-day clock suspension springs and supplied names, places and dates of watch- and clockmakers. other Horolovar repair aids. Finally, Section 8 illustrates 27 Generally, we associate clocks and watches and their makers unusual 400-day clocks of the period 1890-1912. with England, France, Germany, America with a sprinkling of makers from Austria, Italy, and Czechoslovakia. However, how many of us have linked Russia with such makers? Bailie and Britten list none from Russia. This book's author-compiler, Valentin L. Chenakal, is associated with the Lamanasov Museum of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Leningrad. There are five pages of text before the start of the alphabetical listing. W.F. Ryan, the translator, states in his notes that, " ... although some of the listed clockmakers were foreigners working in Russia, many-in particular descendents of earlier immigrants, Jews and inhabitants of the Baltic lands-would normally use the Russianized form of their name and indeed might not have known the original spelling in the Latin alphabet." He also reminds us that by the end of the period covered by the book, the Russian Empire in­ cluded Poland, the Ukraine, the Baltic area, Siberia, the Crimea and the Caucasus. The first were makers of tower clocks at the start of the fifteenth century and by the beginning of the eighteenth century there were tower clocks by Russian makers in mon­ asteries and in numerous bell towers. In the 1600s, domestically-made wall, table clocks and pocket watches were available. Also, a special institution for clocks was created in Moscow. Later, Peter the Great encouraged the development of the arts and crafts in his country. Their Academy of Sciences had official posts of clockmakers and in 1773 a special class was started in the St.

48 Horological Times September 1978 Petersburg Academy of Arts and Sciences. Also, it is noted here that horological organizations existed in numerous DAVIS, Stephanie-Seattle, WA cities and some watch- and clockmakers are also credited with DeALBA, Ricardo Lopez-San Ysidro, CA authoring books on practices and theory of their trade. Some DODDS, John B.-Novelty, OH horologists were recipients of medals, ribbons of honor and ERDBERG, Jules-New York, NY money prizes. FOAT, Michael R.-Philadelphia, PA In the alphabetical listing of clockmakers and watch­ FORD, Joseph-El Sobrante, CA makers many are listed as "assessors of (Vilna) Christian clock­ FRAZIER, Ivan L.-San Antonio, TX makers' guild," "assessor of the Vilna Jewish clockmakers' GERGELY, Stephen-Moncton, New Brunswick guild." Other notations besides makers' names include " ..... HAGGARD, William T.-lndianapolis, IN head of St. Petersburg German craftsman's association " HERMAN, Thomas J.-Cincinnati, OH "official clockmaker of the Court Office of Works " "care ~f HOFFMAN, Paul M.-Auburn, NY Nikol/skaya tower clock in the Kremlin," "clockm~ker at the HOOKE, Charles-Hollywood, FL court of Catherine II," "serf of the estate owner Alferov HUSKEY, Jim-Modesto, CA turret clocks, 24 hour-7 day, 1-month, and 1-year wall clock~ JENNER, Michael-Media, PA with signature Dem'yan Kazimir derevni Popovki." Thus here JOHNSON, Richard-Okmulgee, OK is a fme artisan who was a serf, which Webster defmes as " ... JORGO, Johann M.-Rowayton, CT KLEIN, Dietrich J.- J acksonville, FL in medieval Europe and in Russia until 1861, one attached to LAMBERT , Lee F.- Northridge, CA the land and transferred with it." Others, however, are listed LEE, Chang Woo-Sidney, Australia as instrument makers as well and assistants to scientists. LOKE, Donald R.-Wallingford, CT Listed are those who were famed makers of marine McAFEE, Donald-Champaign, IL chronomet~rs including a design for one with four springs. MERV A, Robert J .- Greensburg, PA Many fore1gn watchmakers worked in Russia and are listed. MOHR, Robert L. - Fullerton, CA A Swedish watchmaker, Peter Nordstein, worked in St. Peters­ NEIDERHOUSE, S.D.-Eugene, OR burg fro~ 1766 to his death in the 19th century and ran NOELKE, Cyril C.-Washington, MO clockmaking classes at the Academy of Arts and Sciences PATTISON, John E.-Victoria, Australia designed a bridge over the river Neva and in 1784 set up ~ PRINDLE, Robert F.-Boonton, NJ watch factory in Dubrovna, producing high quality watches RAMIREZ, Angel Torres-Mayaguez, PR and at the same time taught 36 pupils, and in 1805 was RICHARDSON, Danny-Okmulgee, OK awarded a life pension. RIDDLE, Walter I.-Chicago, IL Reading the various details listed under many of the RIDER, Allison L.-Watsonville, CA makers ;eveals many interesting facts of Russian horology, RODRIGUEZ, Adam-Tampa, FL accomphshments, customs, guilds, awards and restrictions. SCHEEL, Robert-Reno, NV Since as noted earlier here, no Russian makers are listed in SCHMIDT, J.P.-Cypress, CA Bailie's or Britten's standard references, this aids in rounding SHAHAN, Donnie- Okmulgee, OK out the growing lists of known makers of the world's clocks and watches. SHIH, Simon-Elmhurst, IL SHOCK, Thomas F.-Cut Bank, MT SPEER, Gregory Paul- Kensington, CA STELLA, Louis C.- Endicott, NY STEPHENS, David L. - Palatine, IL NEW MEMBERS STUCKER, Francis-San Antonio, TX SUMI, Ronald N.-Los Angeles, CA TANGNEY, Tom-Paris, TX TEEL, Brent- Okmulgee, OK ALLEN, Richard-St. Louis, MO TURNER, Thomas Moore-Mount Olive, NC ANDERSON, Sharon P.-Paris, TX VELIS, Felix-Homestead, FL BARTLETT, Everett L.-Ramona, CA WALES, David-Paris, TX BRADBURN, Wm. G.-Indianapolis, IN WALKER, William A.- Eight Mile, AL BRANSFORD, Thomas-Maitland, FL WENGER, Dick-Wooster, OH BRIER, Gary D.-Gainesville, FL WICKHAM , William I.-Goldsboro, NC BRUMLEY, Leonard-Okmulgee, OK WILLIAMS , Charles M.-N. Charleston, SC CANFIELD, Earl C.-Topeka, KS WONG, W.K.-Hong Kong, China CAROLYN, Philip L.-Tacoma, WA YOUNG, Travis-Okmulgee, OK

S. (LaRose}lnc.-~'l l 'f~ Home of the PRECICHECK Woddw'-!e DtSir(butors to Hyrologists ~\ l ' !/z7 234 Commerce Place, Greensboro, N. C. 27420, U.S. A.

September 1978 Horological Times 49 NEWS IN THE TRADE

A fine clock museum is part of the internationally AWl 1979 HOROLOGICALTOUR OF EUROPE known winery at Jerez, and since it is so near, Cadiz, on the Mediterannean Sea, will also be visited. From Seville it is Plans for the 1979 horological tour of Europe are taking planned to motorcoach over the Spanish highlands into shape rapidly. Tour director-chairman Henry B. Fried has Portugal with a pleasant overnight stOp on route to Lisbon. been working together with Kuoni Travel and with the various In Portugal, shopping time, side visits to Sintra factories, museums and with officials of the Basle Fair. Recep­ Cascais, and Estoril with their Disneyworld-ish castles are on tions and luncheons as in previous tours are in the planning the agenda. ln Lisbon, the Golbenkian-Museum of fine and stage. most interesting clocks should satisfy anyone whose horo­ For 1979 it is intended to make the first stop at the logical palate still yearns to see such items. Basle Watch, Clock and Jewelry Fair. Later, the tour will visit As in the past four tours, Kuoni Travel, Inc. of Swiss and French clock and watch factories and museums. The 11 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017, is the tour countries to be visited are the Swiss and French Jura, Besan­ agent. Tour dates are planned for April 26 departure and re­ con, the horological capitol of France, Villers le Lac, La Chaux turn on May 14. Although costs and the shrinking dollar have de Fonds. Geneva with its attractions and horological museum caused the dollar costs to go up, we are trying very much to is a neighbor of France's Annemasse with its watch factory. keep the price at about the same as the 1978 tour ($1800.00). From there the tour heads southward into France's Those interested should inquire of H.B. Fried, AWl Annecy, a beautiful quaint city with a jewelry factory worth Tours' Chairman and Leader or Kuoni Travel. It must be visiting, and nearby watch parts factories. Following the visit emphasized that more than 15 standbys were left behind this to Annecy, plans call for a leisurely drive southward into year due to late booking. As in the past, the tour will be France's Aix le Bains, Grenoble, and a couple of days in Nice, limited to 45 persons on a first-come, first-served basis. Monaco, and Monte Carlo. Nearby Grasse is famous for its perfumeries. SUPPORT AND PROMOTION OF WATCH Following Nice, a flight to Madrid, Spain's capitol, is AND CLOCKMAKING VOCATIONS IN FRANCE scheduled, where the tour will also visit one of the world's three finest museums, the Prado. After Madrid, a tour of the The French manufacturers, wholesalers, importers and re­ Spanish countryside is planned, with visits at Cordoba, Toledo, tailers of watch- and clockmaking products have formed an association to promote, by all possible means, watch- and and of course, Seville, one of Spain's most charming cities. clockrnaking vocations. The origin of this initiative was due, in particular, to the Jaz and Uti companies. The associations will grant scholarships, under the supervision of a jury composed of teachers and personalities from various branches: technique, arts, economy. On the average, 30 to 50 scholarships will be awarded each year and each candidate will receive a sum of 10,000 FF yearly. The studies will last 3 years. The first scholarships will be awarded next June. Each applicant will receive a documentation from the secretariat of the association, school masters, educational and professional orientation bodies. At the end of their studies, the candidates will be employed by retailers, watch- and clockmaking production units, and all micromechanical industries. The new association held its first general extraordinary meeting in Paris, on the 18th of January. Its main object was to set up the board of directors and start off its social activity. The members of the association have divided them­ selves into three bodies, according to their professional speciali­ zation: -watch- and clockrnaker retailers, jewelers, gold­ smiths, International Horological Museum at -wholesalers and importers, La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland. -manufacturers of watch- and clockrnaking products.

50 Horological Times September 1978 EBAUCHES SA CATALOG SUPPLEMENT

All watchmakers who in the past have purchased the Ebauches SA Dictionary or Catalog are invited to send their names and addresses to Eddie Endman, Marshall-Swartchild Co., 2040 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60647. A Catalog Supple­ ment has been published, and Mr. Endman will see to it that each of those who send name and address will receive it, free of charge , mailed directly by Ebauches SA. The names also will be placed on file for continued free Supplements. This information is important to watchmakers using the Ebauches reference material, and as always, Marshall-Swartchild is pleased to cooperate and help in all areas of the industry.

SNELL JOINS SWEST David M. Snell David M. Snell has joined Swest, Inc. as Sales Director for the West Coast branch office in Glendale , California. Prior where he was granted his masters degree in metalsmithing in to joining Swest, Mr. Snell held the position of manager for 1974. His knowledge and respect of the jewelry and metals two years at the Norman Thomas Co. in Michigan. field have led him to many awards and exhibitions both Mr. Snell was born in Boston, and was raised and national and international. He has taught and lectured in his educated in Michigan. After graduation from junior college, area of expertise for the past seven years. Along with his he enrolled at Michigan State University. While attending activities and affiliations in the jewelry/metals field, Mr. Snell MSU, he was night manager of a local jewelry store. has served as technical advisor and assistant director of two art In 1972, he received high honors and his bachelors galleries and owner/director of another. His wife, Jan, and son, degree in jewelry, then attended Cranbrook Academy of Art Dustin, reside with him in La Crescenta, California.

A tip from Walter Hanson, Secretary, NCWA, is food for thought if you clean watches with plastic lube without opening the mainspring barrel. The possible cause of rebanking in the flat is that BENCH TIP the mainspring is not correctly lubricated. Think of it this way: when a hairspring is sticking, a watch runs fast because two leaves sticking are stronger than each would be separately. with Joe Crooks The same thing applies to the mainspring. If two or more leaves are sticking together from lack of proper lubrication, For the past few years we have had many "tips" to correct the mainspring will create extra power. watches from rebanking in the flat positions after cleaning. To prove my point, I have corrected rebanking this Some bad tips were like these four, so we won't use the way. First, let the mainspring all the way down five or six names of the "tipsters." times to free it from sticking and if this doesn't work, take it (1) Open the banking pins for a stronger lock to slow out, reclean and lubricate with a recommended mainspring down the balance wheel motion. grease . It works! (2) Push out the pallet jewels a little and open the Other tips from "Jingle Joe": plastic lube will cut pins for more drop, lock, shake, rattle and roll. down friction in the train wheels and sometimes the mainspring (3) Put on a couple of heavy dial washers to make will need to be replaced with a spring one strength weaker to more friction. keep the watch from rebanking in the dial up and down po­ (4) How about this "tip"? Add 6 to 10 minutes of sitions. timing washers and shorten the hairspring to correct the time. If the watch only rebanks in one of the flat positions, The extra strength given to the hairspring will offset the replace the balance staff. You have a watch with a worn excessive motion of the balance wheel in the flat position. pivot from dirt or rust. (That's like going around the world to get to the other side For automatic watches that rebank, see the article of the fence. A bench tip is supposed to save time repairing entitled The Mainspring Bridle by Harold Herman in the May a watch.) and June 1978 issues of Horological Times. Each of these four "tips" is wrong. They create an Next month's Bench Tips will be about "streaking," error to correct an error. Added friction will increase wear and a trait these fast beat, 3 prong, plated balance wheels with no destroy timekeeping as the watch runs down. timing screws seem to have after cleaning that can't be slowed Engineers for watch manufacturers do everything down enough to keep time even if the regulator were removed. possible to reduce friction for more precision time over a 24- Got a tip to solve this problem? hour period. Send your tips to "Jingle Joe" Crooks, 265 N. Main This tip was given many times : flatten the balance St., Mooresville, NC. If it's a good tip, we will give you recog­ pivots to create more friction in the flat positions. nition in the Horological Times.

September 1978 Horological Times 51 Bulova Watchmaster WT cleaner extra cups CLASSIFIED ADS Oock Basket. $300 postpaid. Rich Barnsdale, 2719 Missouri, South Gate, California 90280. Regulations and Rates Ads are payable in advance $.30 per word, $.40 per word in bold type. Ads are not ESEMBL-0-GRAPH LIBRARY in 28 vol­ commissionable or discountable. The publisher reserves the right to edit all copy. Price umes, Pittsburgh, 1955. Chronograph repairing lists of services will not be accepted. Confidential ads are $4.00 additional for postage is made easy by Step-by-Step procedure. Each and handling. The first of the month is issue date. Copy must be received 30 days in small step of removing and replacing each part advance. and making adjustments is clearly illustrated. No concentrated study is necessary. $200.00. HOROLOGICAL TIMES; P. 0. Box 11011; Cincinnati, Ohio 45211; (513) 661-3838 (Hamilton 500 Manual free while they last). Write EOG, PO Box 11011, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211. Guaranteed watch repair for the trade. Ultra· sonic cleaning. Vibrograf timed. CAT 3167. THE TRADESMAN Cases buffed. Missouri Time Service, 510 W. I Benton, P.O. Box 158, Carrollton, MO 64633. I HELP WANTED Pearl and Bead Restringing. All types. Fast ser­ I vice. Jean A. Gruenig, P.O. Box 12007, Colum­ bus, Ohio 43212. CLOCK DIALS. Repaired, Refinished. Hand Painted. Merri's Dials, Frankston, Texas 75763. CLOCKMAKER for well equipped, full-line clock shop. Excellent working conditions. Must Digital Watch Repair. Specialists in digital be experienced, dependable and able to drive. watch repair for the trade. Eight years of ex­ FOR SALE Salary negotiable. References required. Tic Toe, perience in digital watch design and service. I 942 Merle Hay Mall, Des Moines, Iowa 50310. Zantech, Inc., 13 Greentree Rd., Trenton, N.J. 08619 (609) 586-5088. For Sale-Timing Machines, WatchmasterTimers Clockmaker or watchmaker wanted in estab­ Vibrograph Timers. Factory Rebuilt. All ma­ lished clock shop. Experience preferred, but Wheels, Pinions, Barrels, or whatever, repaired chines guaranteed. Terms available. Also will train clockmaker. Wage on percentage or made new. Repivot Arbors. Parts made to available Ultrasonic Watch Cleaning Machines. basis. Takeover of business possible. Virtual order. Send sample for free estimate. On all Write Watchmaster sales representative Robert monopoly in area. Clockmakers Corner, 202 E. watch parts, inquire f'rrst. Brass rod & Tubing Swensgard, 6826 Wetheridge Dr., Cincinnati, Garro, Plymouth, Indiana 46563. cut to your length. Small orders welcome. OH 45230. Or phone (513) 281-3919. Terri­ SASE for price list. Ken Leeseberg, Ken-Way tory: Ohio and Michigan. Inc., 311 Chestnut St., Addison, Illinois 60101. Watch Technician, personable, articulate, good knowledge of quartz watch technology. Instruc­ Oockmakers' Buying Guide. New 80-page Sec­ tor for bench course programs; based in New Clock repair material and tools. Manufacture of ond Edition lists over 1 000 spare parts and re­ York City. Requires travel. Send resume to clock springs, dials, escape wheels, verge kits, pair services available from over 400 suppliers. Seiko Time Corporation, 640 5th Ave., NYC weights, all types of brass and steel stock and $5 postpaid. 30-day satisfaction or refund. 10019. Attention: Mr. G. Franklin. custom made parts. Catalog postpaid $1.00. Box 171-T, Bronxville, NY 10708. Tani Engineering, Box 338, Atwater, Ohio Watch parts/watchmaker-capable of assistant 44201. Metal Cutting Lathes, Bench Mills, Drillpresses, manger, large watch material department. Unimats, Maximats, Catalog L, $1.00. Wood­ Vicksman, Box 8226, Denver, CO 80201. turning Machinery, Lathes, Planers, Band­ COMPLETE WATCH REPAIR SERVICE. Ex­ saws, Combination machines. Catalog W, $1.00. panded latest equipped shop. Prices on request. Precision Tools, Inch or Metric, Aluminum, Watchmaker, if you're tired of watching the HOWELL WATCH REPAIR, 25 East 12th, Brass, Steel, all shapes. Miniature Screws, Taps, hands of time pass you by, here's your chance Room 301, Kansas City, MO 64106, (816) Drills, Saws, Collets. Catalog T, $1.00. Camp­ to move ahead professionally at Sharfmans­ 421-7205. bell Tools, 1424 Barclay, Springfield, 0. 45505. Worcester, Massachusetts-a leading AGS jewel­ er. We need a trained watchmaker, capable of making repairs-balance staff, jewelling, escape­ No Watch or Clock is Unrepairable from a Levin B chrome watchmaker's lathe, 25 chucks, ment. If you're school trained, so much the mechanical point of view. It is just a matter of 8 new gravers, motor, belting, and rheostat. better, but you must be qualified to repair economics! If you have the mechanism and the $325 complete. E.L. Haynes, Rt. No.3, Box 94, chronographs, Accutron, Rolex and other f'me money, we have the machinery and a quarter Madison, NC 27025. Phone 919-4274314. watches. Certified or CMW preferred. Why just century experience. We can and do make "tick" along when you can enjoy the automatic any part of any clock or watch mechanism. For benefits of a five-day week, paid holidays and an estimate send movements with $5 for hand­ One (1) Schaublin Lathe, Type 70TO, under­ excellent working conditions. The right time ling to the Austrian watch-clock-barometer drive. Head and bed only. Price $250.00 firm. is now! For an appointment call JohnPiekarczyk maker: Storm Josef Smote, CMWM-CMCM, One (1) Leviv bench model, for complete (617) 791-2211 or write him at Sharfmans 13741 Nile Road, Star Route, Naches, Wa. details and photo send $1.00. J.J. Kowalski, Jewelers, 164 Worcester Center Galleria, 98937 (509) 658·2615. 410 Village Drive, Avenel, NJ 07001. Worcester, MA 01608.

52 Horological Times September 19 78 I"" __w_AN_T_E_n_T_o_B_u_v __ .... l I... __ M_Is_c_E_L_LAN_E_o_u_s__ -J ·It's as easy as

Digital Watch Service Training. Zantech, Inc. Chuck holding tail stock for a Moseley Lathe. offers training and instruments for servicing all Carl Goettsche, 554 So. 26 St., Apt. 117. types of digital watches. Course includes Phone 402-341-0569. Omaha, Nebraska 68105. diagnosis of watch malfunctions and repair methods, including techniques in wire bond repairs using silver epoxy. Louis A. Zanoni, to place an ad in the classified Zantech, Inc., 13 Greentree Rd., Trenton, section of Horological Times. SITUATIONS WANTED I N.J. 08619 (609) 586-5088. ~ Print or type out your ad Liberal reward for information leading to U as you want it to appear in Watchmaker/jeweler with 31 years experience recovery of 18K gold chain-driven key wind the magazine. desires position on west coast of Florida during size 18 hunting case watch. Chas. Frodsham. October 1978. Have all watchmaking and Repair C/13467. Engraved "Presented Speaker Count the words and multi­ First Nevada Assembly Hon. C.W. Tozer 1865." jewelry tools. Send all correspondence to: lli) ply that number by $.30 a Watchmaker/jeweler, 2806 Washington Ave., John Barry, P.O. Box 2995, Reno, Nevada St. Albans, West Virginia 25177. 89505. 8 word. (Remember, $.40 a word for bold type).

~ Enclose . your ad and pay­ ® ment zn an envelope and Buy•Seii·Hire•Relocate• mail to: Learn•Find HOROLOGICAL TIMES P.O. Box 11011 Cincinnati, Ohio 45211 Classifieds in Horological Times help you do what you want to do!

NEW MEMBER FORM AWl NEW MEMBER: CHANGE OF ADDRESS FORM Name FROM: Street Name City/State Street Zip City/State SUBMITTED BY : Zip Name TO : Street Name City/State Street Zip City/State

Date Zip HOROLOG ICAL TIMES free with membership. Effective Date Foreign Members Please Note: Payment enclosed for Remit ln U.S. dollars only AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS INSTITUTE One year regular membership $25.00 P.O. Box 11011 One year student membership $10.00 Cincinnati, Ohio 45211 School

September 1978 Horological Times 53 AWl Bench Courses 1978-79 January 14, 1979 G New Jersey January 14, 1979 D Ft Lauderdle, FL LEGEND January 14, 1979 c Amarillo, TX January 14, 1979 F Tallahassee, FL Symbol Course Usual Instructor January 15, 1979 F Shreveport, LA January 21, 1979 E Los Angeles, CA A Reading Meters J. Jaeger January 21, 1979 G New Orleans, LA c Citizen J. Broughton January 28, 1979 F Dallas, TX D Seik.o L. Smith January 29, 1979 F Houston, TX E Intro. Solid State R. Nelson F Bulova SMQ H.Opp February 4, 1979 D Phoenix, AZ G ESA W. Biederman February11, 1979 F Jacksonville, FL February 11, 1979 G Tucson, AZ February 12, 1979 F Clearwater, FL February 12, 1979 G Albuquerque, NM February 18, 1979 D Birmingham, AL DATE COURSE LOCATION February 18, 1979 c Sacramento, CA February 18, 1979 F Hot Springs, AR September 10, 1978 F Columbia, MO February 25, 1979 E San Antonio, TX September 10, 1978 D Richmond, VA February 25, 1979 G Chicago, IL September 17, 1978 c Rochester, NY September 17, 1978 G Spokane, WA March 4, 1979 F Atlanta, GA September 17, 1978 E Claire, MI March 4, 1979 D Norfolk, VA September 24, 1978 D New Jersey March 11, 1979 E Richmond, VA September 24, 1978 F Charleston, WV March 11, 1979 c Decatur, AL September 24, 1978 E Wichita, KS March 11, 1979 G Washington, DC September 30, 1978 D Seattle, WA March 18, 1979 F Cambridge, OH March 18, 1979 D Indianapolis, IN October 8, 1978 E Spokane, WA October 8, 1978 D Canton, OH April 1, 1979 F Pittsburgh, PA October 8, 1978 F Hartford, CT April1, 1979 E Omaha, NE October 9, 1978 F Vermont April 1, 1979 c Orangeburg, SC October 15, 1978 G Atlanta, GA April 1, 1979 D Dallas, TX October 22, 1978 F Baltimore, MD April 2, 1979 F Philadelphia, PA October 22, 1978 D Knoxville, TN April 22, 1979 D Baltimore, MD October 22, 1978 c Cleveland, OH April 22, 1979 c Minneapolis, MN October 23, 1978 F Norfolk, VA April22, 1979 G Cincinnati, OH October 28, 1978 G Champaign, IL April 29, 1979 F Cleveland, OH October 29, 1978 E Portland, OR April 29, 1979 E Quincy, IL May 6, 1979 D Portland, OR November 5, 1978 F Toronto, Canada May 6, 1979 F St. Louis, OR November 5, 1978 D Detroit, MI May 6, 1979 Boston, MA November 5, 1978 Elizabethtwn, KY c c May 6, 1979 G Denver, CO November 12, 1978 F Montgomery, AL May 20, 1979 D Okmulgee, OK November 12, 1978 E Boston,MA May 20, 1979 E Findlay, OH November 12, 1978 G St. Louis, MO May20, 1979 F Kansas City, KS November 13, 1978 F Jackson, MS November 19, 1978 D Kansas City, MO Additional programs will be scheduled as requests are November 26, 1978 F Memphis, TN received and new programs are developed.

54 Horological Times September 19 78 DATES To REitiE/tJBER

SEPTEMBER OCTOBER

3-6-Miami Merchandise Mart Show; Miami, Florida 9-Watchmakers' Association of New Jersey; dinner meeting; Ramada Inn; Rochelle Park, New Jersey 3-7-lnternational Watch and Jewellery Trade Fair; Wembley Conference Centre; London, England

3-8-Dallas Fall Gift, Jewelry & Housewares Show; Dallas Market Center; Dallas, Texas NOVEMBER

6-Southern Arizona Watchmakers Guild; AWl President 11-Watchmakers' Association of New Jersey; dinner dance Orville R. Hagans, guest lecturer; Tucson, Arizona 19-Watchmakers' Association of New Jersey; Swiss Quartz Analog Bench Course 7-Arizona Watchmakers Guild; AWl President Orville R. Hagans, guest lecturer; Phoenix, Arizona 21-Massachusetts Watchmakers Association; regular meeting 9-1 0-lowa Retail Jewelers Association and Horological Association of iowa; 1978 Fall Convention; Eddie Web­ ster's; West Des Moines, Iowa

10-13-Miami Beach Gift and Jewelry Show; Convention Hall; Miami Beach, Florida

12-Massachusetts Watchmakers Association; regular meeting If your group or assoc1at1on is sponsoring an event you would like to have printed in the Calendar in the 12-Watchmakers' Association of New Jersey; regular meeting; HOROLOGICAL TIMES, please send all pertinent Howard Johnson's; Clark, New Jersey information (event, date, place, sponsor) to: Calendar, 12-Horofogical Association of California; AWl President Horological Times, P.O. Box 11011, Cincinnati, Ohio Orville R. Hagans, guest lecturer; Los Angeles, California 45211 at least eight weeks in advance of the event.

16-Bay Area Watchmakers Guild; AWl President Orville R. Hagans, guest lecturer; San Francisco, California

16-17 -New York State Watchmakers' Convention; Rown­ towner Motor Inn; Rochester, New York

16-17-Watchmakers Association of Indiana Annual State GET THE MOST OUT Meeting and Convention; Watch and Jewelry Repair OF YOUR ADVERTISING DOLLAR Show; Stouffers Inn; Indianapolis, Indiana

16-17-North Dakota Retail Jewelry and Watchmakers As­ Advertise in the sociation; Annual Convention and Show; Seven Seas Motel; Mandan, North Dakota

17-Bay Area Watchmakers Guild; AWl President Orville R. Hagans, guest lecturer; San Francisco, California

17-18-Wisconsin and North Central Guilds of the American Gem Society; Mini Conclave; Holiday Inn; LaCrosse, P.O. Box 11011, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211 Wisconsin

September 1978 Horological Times 55 ADVERTISERS INDEX

A J AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS INSTITUTE .... 37, JUNGHANS SERVICE CENTER CO ...... 5 40, 46, Outside Back Cover B. RUSH APPLE ...... 21 K B KANSAS CITY SCHOOL OF WATCHMAKING ...23 KEYSTONE SALES LTD ...... 27 BB CRYSTAL...... 25 KIENZLE TIME CORP ...... 31 A.G. BARTHOLOMEW ...... 46 KILB AND CO ...... 19 M. BERESH ...... 7 KILGORE COLLEGE ...... 19 BOREL ...... 13 BULOVAWATCH CO ...... 33 L c S. LA ROSE ...... 17, 32, 36, 41, 45,49 CAS-KER CO ...... Inside Front Cover ltf D MARSHALL-SWARTCHILD ...... 3 DE LEMONT WATCH CO ...... 21 MICHIGAN JEWELERS SUPPLY ...... 15 C. DVORKIN AND CO ...... 27 p PARIS TEXAS JUNIOR COLLEGE ...... 27 E PARKLAND COLLEGE ...... 21 ESSLINGER AND CO ...... 39 PORTESCAP U.S ...... Inside Back Cover s GEM CITY COLLEGE ...... 23 SEIKO ...... 9 THE GOULD COMPANY ....•...... 23 SWEST, INC ...... 35 GREENHILL CLOCK SERVICE ...... 15 E & J SWIGART ...... Outside Back Cover H w HAMMMEL, RIGLANDER AND CO ...... 11 I. WIDESS & SONS ...... 23 I z INTERNATIONAL WATCHMAKERS ...... 31 ZANTECH ...... 19

56 Horologi.cal Times September 19 78 The movements of life a source of energy for your automatic watch

The automatic lever watch winds itself without your giving it a thought. Every movement of your arm injects a small dose of natural energy, which is lasting and free; it's yours. The Swiss automatic watch

with incabloc® protection

This advertisement has been sponsored by seven Swiss manufacturers of high-quality watch components: Les Fabriques d'Assortiments Reunies. Les Fabriques de Balanciers Reunies, Le Groupement suisse des fabricants de ressorts d'horlogerie, Nivarox SA, Pierres Holding SA. Universe SA, Portescap 0

Support the u AWl- ELM TRUST Scholarship Program by Sending your old

w 1- watch batteries :::J I­ t= V) to the z V)~~()o. ce:~-.rr-... ~~0~ AMERICAN <( ·- ~~0 § I o o U ca ·-'u.. WATCHMAKERS 1-<( • 0 "U occ ~ 0.: ·§ Jl INSTITUTE z c <( u u De: w ~ <(

Now in its 99th year, the E. & J. Swigart Company has, since its founding in 1879, been one of the largest of pure QUEEN CITY material houses in the continental United States, offering full lines of Swiss and American watch materials and SEMINARS batteries, including genuine materials from such factories Now in its fifth year, and with attendees over the as Seiko, Citizens, Bulova, Girard Perregaux, Omega, 600 mark, we are currently sponsoring in a longines, Wyler, Zodiac, Rolex, Hamilton, Elgin and other separate location at 34 West 6th Street in Cincin­ popular brands. nati, five day seminars in jewelry making and We also carry full lines of tools and supplies for the jeweler repair. Equipment used 1s the most modern and watchmaker, as well as regular and jewelry findings, available. Seminars are as follows: clock materials, watch glass, bands and straps, optical 1. A primary five day class in ring sizing, assem­ goods, packaging supplies, tags, job envelopes, and bags, bling heads and shanks, prong rebuilding, stone imprinted on our own presses. setting, plating, and related functions. Classes are limited to six to permit personalized instruction. The majority of our sixty-six employees have been with us Findings used are 14K die struck. for periods of twenty years or more, giving us an expertise which is unique in a complex and highly technical business. 2. Five days of advanced jewelry work for those We invite you to try our stocks and service. who have attended the primary seminar.

Catalogue and Ordering Material Available on Request 3. Five day seminars in casting rings, pins and pendants by the lost wax process. Wax modeling, carving and design. THE E. & J. SWIGART COMPANY 34 West 6th Street WRITE FOR BROCHURE Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 (513) 721-1427 The E. & j. Swigart Co.