A Vertissement

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A Vertissement JURISPRUDENCE 387 A VERTISSEMENT Le 13 avril 1992, La Chambre d'accusation de La Cour d'appeL de Paris a rendu dans l'affaire TOUVlER une decision dont nous publions de Larges extraits ci-apres, En raison de /'immense emotion suscitee par ce proces, nous nous abstiendrons de tout commentaire, jusqu'a ce que fa Cour de cassation ait statue, Nous tenons cependant, a cette occasion, a rendre hommage au courage de M, Ie Premier President Pierre DRAL qui a su, au cours de son poignant appel a fa serenite, rappeler aux Fran{:ais fa condition premiere de fa liberte judiciaire, sans laquelle la democratie s'evanouit, I} /I n'est ni anormal, ni illicite de la part d'associations Cour d'appel de Paris habilitees, ou de plaignants individuels, de provoquer (1'" Ch, d'accusation) Tl1\ ou de solliciter des depots de plainte ou des temoign&­ ges, du moment qu'ds sont sinceres. 13 avril 1992 2} Le defaut de spontaneite d'une plainte, Ie fait qu'e~ Presidence de M, HENNE Ie pwsse etre consideree comme entrant dans Ie cadre d'une operation d'ensemble ne doit pas, a pn'ori, ren­ 1) ACTION CIVILE, - EXERCICE. - FAIT PAR UNE dre sa since rite suspecte. Cependant, il est evident PARTIE CIVILE DE SOLLlCITER LE DEPOT D'AU­ qu' une certaine ardeur polemique, revelee notamment par une propension aux affirmations peremproires ou TRES PLAINTES, - L1CEITE~, aux exagerations manifestes, peut contribuer a la dis­ 2) PREUVE, - MATIERE PENALE - APPRECIA­ crediter, surtout si des elements extrinseques viennent TION DES PREUVES PAR LES JUGES, - CIRCONS­ aussi la ruiner (Irivralsemblances, incoherences, vana­ TANCES POUVANT DISCREDITER UNE PLAINTE. tions, discordances des declarations). 3) PREUVE. - MATIERE PENALE - MODES DE 3} Le conseil de l'inculpe fait justement observer que la diffusion des photographies de I'inculpe par la pres­ PREUVE, - RECONNAISSANCE DE PHOTOGRA­ se a rendu inoperantes les reconnaissances sur album, PHIES SUR ALBUM, - INTERFERENCE AVEC LA car, finalement, les temoins qui ont reconnu, sur I'a~ UBLICATION DE LA PHOTOGRAPH IE DE L'IN­ bum photographique, Ie visage de l'inculpe, ont sim­ JLPE PAR LA PRESSE. - PREUVE INOPERAN­ plement reconnu une photographle qu'ils avaient deja IE. vue dans les journaux. 4) PROCEDURE PENALE. - JUGE D'INSTRUC­ 4} Dans Ie cadre des investigations operees au cours TION, - ECOUTES TELEPHONIQUES, - ILLICEITI~ de I'information aux fins de retrouver la trace de I'incu~ D'ECOUTES VISANT DES AVOCATS, pe, Ie magistrat instructeur a delivre un certain nombre de commissions rogatoires aux fins, notamment, de 5) PROCEDURE PENALE. - CHAMBRE D'ACCU­ proceder ades ecoutes relephoniques, Ces actes, qui SATION, - ARRETS, - NON-LIEU POUR INSUFFI­ etaient utiles, ne sont pas entacMs d'irregularite des SANCE DE PREUVE, - MOTIVATION, lors qu'ils concemment des personnes pouvant avoir des liens avec I'inculpe en fuite. 6) CHOSE JUGEE, - MATIERE PENALE, - EF­ FETS, - REGLE NON BIS IN IDEM. - CONDITIONS Toutefois Ie magistrat instructeur devait s'interdire O'APPLICATION, d'ordonner de telles surveillances des lors que la per­ sonne interessee avait la qualite d'avocat et qu'il n'y 7) PRESCRIPTION PENALE, - PRESCRIPTION DE avait pas lieu de presumer qu'elle pouvait entretenir L'ACTION PUBLIQUE. -IMPRESCRIPTIBILITE DES avec l'inculpe des rapports independants de sa qualite CRIMES CONTRE L'HUMANITE. professionnelle. 8) CRIMES CONTRE L'HUMANITE. - ELEMENTS 5} Dans leurs ecritures, les conseils des parties civiles CONSTITUTIFS, - ELEMENT MATERIEL ET E\E­ expriment leur conviction que Ie dossier foumir la preu­ MENTMORAL ve de la participation de l'inculpe aux faits en cause, mais ils prociJdent davantage par affirmations que par Journal du 18 jUlr1 1992 3BB GAZETTE DU PALAIS - 1992 (I" sem.) demonstratkm. Les declarations dont ils font etat. ne - Ie 10 septembre 1946. par arret de la Cour de justice d presentant pas un element probatoire sBrieux, reve­ Lyon, a la peine de mort 9t a la confiscation des biens (tome tant un caractere subjectif et conjectural. au apparais­ liasse 1. O. 175); sant comme incertaines et peu significatives, ne sau­ - Ie 5 mars 1947, par arret de la Cour de justice de Chambe raient suffire aconstituer Ie moindre commencement ry, a la peine de mort et a la degradation nationale a Vie. avel de pa3somption de participation aux faits. En conse­ confiscation de taus les biens presents et avenir du condam quence, une decision de non-lieu ne peut qu' etre ren­ ne ILiasse 4. O. 127). due, pour insuffisance des charges pesant sur Ie de­ Touvier est arrete a Paris le·3 juillet 1947, mars, - dans de~ fendeur. circonstances qui ne peuvent que laisser perplexe, tant ene~ 6) Si I'autorite de la chose jugee interdit la reiteration sont. a premiere vue, a peine croyables -. il parvient a s·eva­ der Ie 9 juiUet suivant et. pendant des annees. jl ne peut ehre des poursuites, encore faut-il que ces nouvelles pour­ retrouve. en sorte 'que la plupart des peines prononcees suites visent les memes faits. Mais se pose la question cqntre lui s'eteignent par prescription. de savoir si I'interdiction de reiterer les poursuites pourrait s'effacer des lars que les faits sont poursuivis Le 28 novembre 1971. un decret de grace du President de la sous la qualification de crime contre l'Humanite. Republique dispense T ouvier des peines accessoires a ses condamnations a mort, constituees par la confiscation de ses Le concours de qualifications se rapportant Ii un meme biens et I'interdiction de sejour. Seule subsiste !a degradation fait, au aun meme ensemble de faits, n 'interdit pas la nation ale. reprise des poursuites, - sauf en cas d'acquittement • -, du moment que la nouvelle qualification, articui6e a * * partir des memes faits, permet la protection d'interets, indivlduels au sociaux, differents de ceux qui se trau­ Cependant. sur Ie fondement de la loi n" 64-1326 du 26 de~ vaient proteges dans Ie cadre de la premiere qualifica­ cembre 1964. tendant a cons tater l"imprescriptibilite des cri­ mes contre l"Humanite qui dispose en son unique article que tton. «Jes crimes contre J'Humanite, tels qu'ils sont dtHinis par la 7) Aux termes de la loi du 26 decembre 1964, les resolution des Nations Unles du 13 Mvner 1946. prenant acte crimes contre I'Humanite, tels qu'ils sont definis par la de /a definition des crimes contre J'Humanite, telle qu'~lIe resolution des Nations Unies du 13 fevrier 1946, sont figure dans la charte du Tribunal intemational du 8 aout 1945. sont imprescriptibles par leur nature " des plaintes avec cons­ imprescriptibies par nature. titution de partie civile sont deposees, contre Paul TouvTer. 8) Le crime contre I'Humanite comporte un eiBment materiel et un ei6ment intentionnel. Dans Ie cadre de '·execution d'une commission rogatoire du 2 L' element matenel specifique des crimes contre fHu­ mars 1988 avant pour fin de retrouver TOWler (Liasse 6/1 # D. manite ne se diiferencie pas de celui du crime de droit 394), puis d'une commission rogatoire compfementaire du commun, sous la seule reserve des circonstances spe­ 14 mars 1989 ILiasse 6/6. O. 948) delivrees, rune et rautTe, cifiques de sa commission definies par I'art. 6 C de la au commandant la section de recherche de Paris de la Gendar­ Charte du 8 aoiJt 1945. merie, nHerence etant faite aux mandats d'arre!t decemes dans les trois premieres procedures pnkitees (p. 21 et 22 du Ouant a element moral, alors que Ie crime de droit present arret), Paul Touvier est decouvert au Prieure Saint­ commun implique necessairement. pour etre const~ Joseph. place Sainte-Claire. a 06-Nice. Ie 24 mai 1989, a 8 tue, la simple Intention criminelle, au dol general, r au­ heures 30 du matin lliasse 6/6. O. 989, 990 et 991). teur d'un come contre I'Humanite ne peut se voir qua/~ Paul Touvler est transfere, Ie jour meme de son interpellation a fier alnsi que si ron peut relever, en outre, iJ son Nice, a Paris et il comparai'!, Ie 24- mai 1989, au soir, devant Ie endroit, un dol special, c'est-a-dire un mobile specifi­ magistrat instructeur. que, celui de prendre part a I'executlon d'un plan concerte, en accomplissant de fa90n systemattque les A rissue du debat et dans chacune des procedures, un man­ dat de depot criminel est deceme contre Touvier Paul Ie 26 actes inhumains et persecutions Incrimines, au nom mai 1989. • d:un Etat pratiquant une politique d'Mgemonie ideala­ glque. B. - SUR lES CHARGES: Non-lieu I. - l'attentat du 10 dokembre 1 943 a la synagogue du quai TIlsitt a lyon. Touvier Paul Le 9 fevrier 1973, I'hebdomadaire « La Tribune Juive) Idu 9 au 13 feYrier 1973) publia sous la rubrique c l'affaire Touvier (suite) une photographie de Paul Touvier encadree par !e La Cour. - Decision... texte suivant 10. 72) : « Nous nous sommes faits les achos dans ce joumal des dave­ A. - SUR lES DONNEES DE LA PROCEDURE. /oppements de l'affaire Touvier. Paul Touvier qui etait un responsable important de fa Milice de Nous voudrions rapperer qu'il fut Ie chef regional du 28 service Lyon, disparait au moment de la Liberation. de la Milice a lyon. Sa responsabilite est donc en cause pour taus les pillages, spoliations et crimes commis par la MirlCe. En raison de divers crimes et de/its qui lui sont imputes, plu­ sieurs condamnations sont prononcees contre lui, et il est. en Nous demandons aux personnes qui auraient ete victimes particulier, condamne par contumace, pour intelligences avec directes au indirectes de la Milice de lyon de se mettre en une puissance etrangere au avec ses agents, en vue de favori­ rapport avec Ie Consistoire regional israelite - 13 quai Tilsitt­ ser les entreprises de cette puissance contre la France: Lyon - Tel.
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