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The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914
From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism. -
Coordinating Immigrant Integration in Germany Mainstreaming at the Federal and Local Levels
coordinating immigrant integration in germany mainstreaming at the federal and local levels By Petra Bendel MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE EUROPE Coordinating immigrant integration in Germany Mainstreaming at the federal and local levels By Petra Bendel August 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is particularly grateful for the assistance of Sabine Klotz and Christine Scharf in research and useful critiques. She would also like to thank all her interview partners in the different ministeries and agencies at the federal and state levels as well as local administrations for their frankness and for providing useful material on ‘best practices’. This report, part of a research project supported by the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is one of four country reports on mainstreaming: Denmark, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. MPI Europe thanks key partners in this research project, Peter Scholten from Erasmus University and Ben Gidley from Compas, Oxford University. © 2014 Migration Policy Institute Europe. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from MPI Europe. A full-text PDF of this document is available for free download from www.mpieurope.org. Information for reproducing excerpts from this report can be found at www.migrationpolicy.org/about/copyright-policy. Inquiries can also be directed to [email protected]. Suggested citation: Bendel, Petra. 2014. Coordinating immigrant integration in Germany: Mainstreaming at the federal and local levels. Brussels: Migration Policy Institute Europe. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................1 I. INTRODUCTION: THE CONTEXT OF IMMIGRATION AND INTEGRATION IN GERMANY ...........................................2 II. -
Chapter 2. Block 1. Multi-Level Governance: Institutional and Financial Settings
2. BLOCK 1. MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE: INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL SETTINGS 37 │ Chapter 2. Block 1. Multi-level governance: Institutional and financial settings 2.1. Enhance the effectiveness of migrant integration policy through improved co-ordination across government levels and implementation at the relevant scale (Objective 1) 2.1.1. Division of competences across levels of government In the Federal Republic of Germany, tasks, responsibilities and jurisdictive schemes are divided in general between the federal, Länder (state) and municipal levels. Three schemes exist: areas which fall under full federal jurisdiction; full Länder jurisdiction; and areas of concurrent regulations. The federal level has full jurisdiction in all areas regarding citizenship, foreign relations, defence, social security measures, and federation-wide measures for economic prosperity, traffic and for the most part in taxes (for instance in the areas of administration, customs, energy, tobacco and traffic). The Länder level’s responsibility lies in the areas of education, with full jurisdiction, as well as in research, regional economy and culture. Länder supervise municipalities and delegate financial means. They oversee the police, public transportation and are in charge of regional economic prosperity measures. Länder also regulate own tax revenues in the areas of, for instance, sales tax. Nonetheless, municipalities are important actors in the integration of migrants in Germany, especially when it comes to the implementation of federal and Länder legislation. They are by law autonomous entities in the Federal Republic’s administrative scheme and have considerable leeway, when federal legislation leaves room to manoeuvre in its interpretation (OECD, 2017a: 27). The municipal level maintains the local infrastructure and implements regulations in schools, museums, sports facilities and theatres. -
The Districts of North Rhine-Westphalia
THE DISTRICTS OF NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA S D E E N R ’ E S G N IO E N IZ AL IT - G C CO TIN MPETENT - MEE Fair_AZ_210x297_4c_engl_RZ 13.07.2007 17:26 Uhr Seite 1 Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe 50 Million Customers in Germany Can’t Be Wrong. Modern financial services for everyone – everywhere. Reliable, long-term business relations with three quarters of all German businesses, not just fast profits. 200 years together with the people and the economy. Sparkasse Fair. Caring. Close at Hand. Sparkassen. Good for People. Good for Europe. S 3 CONTENTS THE DIstRIct – THE UNKnoWN QUAntITY 4 WHAT DO THE DIstRIcts DO WITH THE MoneY? 6 YoUTH WELFARE, socIAL WELFARE, HEALTH 7 SecURITY AND ORDER 10 BUILDING AND TRAnsPORT 12 ConsUMER PRotectION 14 BUSIness AND EDUCATIon 16 NATURE conseRVAncY AND enVIRonMentAL PRotectIon 18 FULL OF LIFE AND CULTURE 20 THE DRIVING FORce OF THE REGIon 22 THE AssocIATIon OF DIstRIcts 24 DISTRIct POLICY AND CIVIC PARTICIPATIon 26 THE DIRect LIne to YOUR DIstRIct AUTHORITY 28 Imprint: Editor: Dr. Martin Klein Editorial Management: Boris Zaffarana Editorial Staff: Renate Fremerey, Ulrich Hollwitz, Harald Vieten, Kirsten Weßling Translation: Michael Trendall, Intermundos Übersetzungsdienst, Bochum Layout: Martin Gülpen, Minkenberg Medien, Heinsberg Print: Knipping Druckerei und Verlag, Düsseldorf Photographs: Kreis Aachen, Kreis Borken, Kreis Coesfeld, Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, Kreis Gütersloh, Kreis Heinsberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Kreis Höxter, Kreis Kleve, Kreis Lippe, Kreis Minden-Lübbecke, Rhein-Kreis Neuss, Kreis Olpe, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein, Kreis Steinfurt, Kreis Warendorf, Kreis Wesel, project photos. © 2007, Landkreistag Nordrhein-Westfalen (The Association of Districts of North Rhine-Westphalia), Düsseldorf 4 THE DIstRIct – THE UNKnoWN QUAntITY District identification has very little meaning for many people in North Rhine-Westphalia. -
German Climate Governance Perspectives on North Rhine-Westphalia
German Climate Governance Perspectives on North Rhine-Westphalia Implemented by Imprint ‘German Climate Governance – Perspectives on North Rhine-Westphalia’ was compiled in the framework of the Sino- German Climate Partnership and Cooperation on Renewable Energies Project which is implemented by GIZ on behalf of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). Additional support for the publication has come from the Sino-German Climate Change Programme, which is implemented by GIZ on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). 29 May, 2014 Contact Information Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Sunflower Tower 860 Maizidian Street 37, Chaoyang District, 100125 Beijing, PR China Ursula Becker Project Director Sino-German Climate Partnership E: [email protected] T: + 86 (0) 10 8527 5589 ext.101 Till Kötter Programme Manager Sino-German Climate Change Programme E: [email protected] T: + 86 (0) 10 8527 5589 ext.112 Andrew Park Programme Officer Sino-German Climate Change Programme E: [email protected] T: + 86 (0) 10 8527 5589 ext.121 Photo Credits Profile photos for the individual interviews have been provided by the interviewees themselves. Cover photos are copyright EnergieAgentur.NRW (under CC BY 2.0 License) Disclaimer The content of the individual interviews herein are provided for reference only, and are the views of the authors only, and are not necessarily endorsed by GIZ or other attributed entities. German Climate Governance Perspectives on North Rhine-Westphalia German Climate Governance German Climate Governance Preface Success stories from the provincial and city levels increasingly play a role in shaping the national mitigation strategies of China and Germany. -
Capital-Skill Complementarity and the Emergence of Labor Emancipation
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Ashraf, Quamrul H.; Cinnirella, Francesco; Galor, Oded; Gershman, Boris; Hornung, Erik Working Paper Capital-skill complementarity and the emergence of labor emancipation Working Paper, No. 2017-1 Provided in Cooperation with: Department of Economics, Brown University Suggested Citation: Ashraf, Quamrul H.; Cinnirella, Francesco; Galor, Oded; Gershman, Boris; Hornung, Erik (2017) : Capital-skill complementarity and the emergence of labor emancipation, Working Paper, No. 2017-1, Brown University, Department of Economics, Providence, RI This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/162760 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Capital-Skill Complementarity and the Emergence of Labor Emancipation∗ Quamrul H. -
05 Application EGC 2017 Air Quality ESSEN
Section 05: Air quality 5 A. Current situation The City of Essen is located at the centre of the Ruhr Metropolis, whose history as a steel and coal-mining region is characterised by a high degree of industrialisation, high population density, and substantial traffic volumes. The advantages resulting from the high density of infrastructure must be paid for, however, with higher levels of environmental pollution. This applies in particular to the northern district areas, which belong to the densely populated and topographically disadvantaged Emscher lowlands, whose topography often gives rise to frequent low inversion layers. Heavy industry has been progressively leaving the municipal area since the 1960s. The last coking plant, today's "Zollverein" World Heritage Site, was shut down in 1993. The location's structural change from an industrial to a service-based economy has been ongoing for over five decades, and has lastingly changed the face of the city. While in the 1950s two thirds of the working population of Essen worked in manufacturing, today over 80% of all jobs are in the tertiary sector. As such, Essen is amongst the top cities in the German services industry. The structures of the city that grew up during industrialisation are still clearly visible today. The urban development orientated very strongly upon the needs of industry. No integrated or strategic residential plan was developed before 1945. Mines and steel mills were built outside the gates of the "old town", and developed increasing space requirements. Massive migration of labour workforce led to increasingly dense urbanisation around the industrial plants. The waterways running in an east-west direction, the Ruhr, Emscher, Lippe and Rhine-Herne Canal, together with the Hellweg, are the historic main arteries of the region. -
Schulamt Für Den Hochsauerlandkreis Als Untere Schulaufsichtsbehörde
SCHULAMT FÜR DEN HOCHSAUERLANDKREIS ALS UNTERE SCHULAUFSICHTSBEHÖRDE Ausschuss für den Schulsport Schulamt für den Hochsauerlandkreis Eichholzstr. 9, 59821 Arnsberg Verwaltungsgebäude Eichholzstr. 9, 59821 Arnsberg AfS Kreis Olpe Organisationseinheit 23 AfS Kreis Siegen Wittgenstein Sachbearbeiter/in Frau Bornemann St. Ursula Gymnasium Arnsberg Telefon-Durchwahl (02931) 94- 4109 Geschwister-Scholl-Gymnasium Winterberg- Telefax (02931) 94-4111 Medebach christiane.bornemann E-mail @hochsauerlandkreis.de Herrn Kastien, Bez. Regierung Arnsberg Zimmer-Nr. 159 Aktenzeichen 23/40- Datum 31.03.2016 Landessportfest der Schulen 2015/2016 hier: Vorrunde Regierungsbezirksmeisterschaften im Fußball WK II + III Mädchen Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, die Vorrunde der Regierungsbezirksmeisterschaften im Fußball WK II+III Mädchen findet statt am Dienstag, den 19.04.2016 Spielort : Sportzentrum Große Wiese Klosfuhr 5, 59759 Arnsberg Anreise : bis 09:30 Uhr Beginn : 10.00 Uhr voraus. Ende : 13.00 Uhr Rückfahrt : ca. 13.30 Uhr Spielzeit : WK II 2x15 Min. – WK III 2x15 Min. Schiedsrichter : werden vom FLVW gestellt Teilnehmende Mannschaften WK II (Jahrgang 2000-2002) Realschule Wilnsdorf (SI) St. Ursula-Realschule, Attendorn (OE) Geschwister-Scholl-Gymnasium, Winterberg-Medebach (HSK) Teilnehmende Mannschaften WK III (Jahrgang 2002-2004) Berta-von-Suttner-GeS Siegen (SI) Städt. Gymnasium Olpe (OE) St. Ursula Gymnasium, Arnsberg (HSK) Kreissitz: Steinstr. 27, Meschede Im Rahmen der Gleitzeitregelung erreichen Sie die Mitarbeiter/innen der Kreis- Bankverbindung: Telefon (0291) 94 - 0 verwaltung telefonisch in den folgenden Kernzeiten (hiervon abweichende Sparkasse Hochsauerland 190 BLZ 416 517 70 Telefax (0291) 94 – 1140 Besuchszeiten sind oben vermerkt). Sparkasse Meschede 18 BLZ 464 510 12 Videokonferenz (0291) 94 - 2804 Mo.-Do. 8.30 – 12.00 Uhr Mo., Mi., Do. -
RUDOLF HIESTAND Kingship and Crusade in Twelfth-Century Germany
RUDOLF HIESTAND Kingship and Crusade in Twelfth-Century Germany in ALFRED HAVERKAMP AND HANNA VOLLRATH (eds.), England and Germany in the High Middle Ages (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996) pp. 235–265 ISBN: 978 0 19 920504 3 The following PDF is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND licence. Anyone may freely read, download, distribute, and make the work available to the public in printed or electronic form provided that appropriate credit is given. However, no commercial use is allowed and the work may not be altered or transformed, or serve as the basis for a derivative work. The publication rights for this volume have formally reverted from Oxford University Press to the German Historical Institute London. All reasonable effort has been made to contact any further copyright holders in this volume. Any objections to this material being published online under open access should be addressed to the German Historical Institute London. DOI: 10 Kingship and Crusade in Twelfth-Century Germany RUDOLF HIESTAND The title of ·this essay may seem paradoxical. Otto of Freising's chronicle contains a well-known passage deploring that because of the schism, Urban II's proclamation at Clermont 'Francos orientales minus permovit' .1 As for the Second Crusade, in which he had participated, he declares quite frankly that he will not discuss it at any length. 2 Most modern historians of the crusades accept his account. They describe the First Crusade as an enterprise in which no Germans except for Geoffrey of Bouillon and his men from Lorraine -
Basic Genealogical Sources in Westphalia – an Introduction Online Westphalia Connection Session, Dec
Basic Genealogical Sources in Westphalia – An Introduction Online Westphalia Connection Session, Dec. 5th, 2020, Roland Linde Dear genealogists, I would like to give you some advice how you can obtain further information about your ancestors in Westphalia. But I can only give you a very few initial clues because its a fairly broad topic. Perhaps I can tell you more about the history of Westphalia in another conference; it is a diverse landscape with strong cultural, economic and religious differences. Around 1800 Westphalia still consisted of various clerical and secular principalities, larger and smaller, some of which were Catholic and some were Protestant. Then the French came under Emperor Napoleon and turned Westphalia pretty much on its head. With the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Westphalia first emerged as a state unit, as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia. Münster became the provincial capital. In 1816, Prussia set up three administrative districts (Regierungsbezirke) within this province: Münster (western Westphalia), Arnsberg (southern Westphalia) and Minden (eastern Westphalia). The administrative districts were again divided into districts (Kreise) and these into rural and urban communities (Gemeinden und Städte). That doesn't sound terribly exciting, but as a genealogist you have to know that in order to find the sources. The Prussians founded a state archive in Münster, in which the historical tradition for the whole of Westphalia was brought together. It still exists today under a different name. Exactly 150 years later, in 1946, the Allied occupying powers smashed the Free State of Prussia, which had dominated Germany since 1815. From the two western provinces of Prussia, the Rhineland and Westphalia, today's state of North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen) emerged under the British military government at that time. -
Evidence from School Inspections in Prussia
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Schueler, Ruth Working Paper Centralized Monitoring, Resistance, and Reform Outcomes: Evidence from School Inspections in Prussia ifo Working Paper, No. 223 Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Schueler, Ruth (2016) : Centralized Monitoring, Resistance, and Reform Outcomes: Evidence from School Inspections in Prussia, ifo Working Paper, No. 223, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149545 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Centralized Monitoring, Resistance, and Reform Outcomes: Evidence from School Inspections in Prussia Ruth Schueler Ifo Working Paper No. -
The Dear Old Holy Roman Realm. How Does It Hold Together? Goethe, Faust I, Scene 5
Economic History Working Papers No: 288 “The Dear Old Holy Roman Realm. How Does it Hold Together?” Monetary Policies, Cross-cutting Cleavages and Political Cohesion in the Age of Reformation Oliver Volckart LSE October 2018 July 2018 Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, London, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7955 7084. F: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 ‘The Dear Old Holy Roman Realm, How Does it Hold Together?’ Monetary Policies, Cross-cutting Cleavages and Political Cohesion in the Age of Reformation Oliver Volckart JEL codes: H11, H77, N13, N43. Keywords: Holy Roman Empire, Reformation, political cohesion, monetary policies. Abstract Research has rejected Ranke’s hypothesis that the Reformation emasculated the Holy Roman Empire and thwarted the emergence of a German nation state for centuries. However, current explanations of the Empire’s cohesion that emphasise the effects of outside pressure or political rituals are not entirely satisfactory. This article contributes to a fuller explanation by examining a factor that so far has been overlooked: monetary policies. Monetary conditions within the Empire encouraged its members to cooperate with each other and the emperor. Moreover, cross-cutting cleavages – i.e. the fact that both Catholics and Protestants were split among themselves in monetary-policy questions – allowed actors on different sides of the confessional divide to find common ground. The paper analyses the extent to which cleavages affected the negotiations about the creation of a common currency between the 1520s and the 1550s, and whether monetary policies helped bridging the religious divide, thus increasing the Empire’s political cohesion.