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Blogs De Ciência VANESSA OLIVEIRA FAGUNDES BLOGS DE CIÊNCIA Comunicação, participação e as rachaduras na Torre de Marfim CAMPINAS 2013 i ii UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM LABORATÓRIO DE ESTUDOS AVANÇADOS EM JORNALISMO - LABJOR VANESSA OLIVEIRA FAGUNDES BLOGS DE CIÊNCIA Comunicação, participação e as rachaduras na Torre de Marfim Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rafael de Almeida Evangelista Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem e ao Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Jornalismo, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, para obtenção do título de mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural, na área de Divulgação Científica e Cultural. CAMPINAS 2013 iii iv v vi AGRADECIMENTOS Foi uma caminhada rica, desafiadora e estimulante. Chego ao seu final com um sentimento bom de dever cumprido. Muitos ajudaram ao longo dessa jornada. Sem eles, com certeza, o caminho teria sido mais longo e árduo. Agradeço, primeiro, ao meu orientador, professor Rafael de Almeida Evangelista, pelo apoio, sugestões e confiança. Sou grata especialmente à sua enorme paciência, e por compreender, antes mesmo de mim, que era necessário tempo para refletir sobre as novas leituras e confrontá-las com uma série de pré-conceitos. Isso possibilitou vislumbrar novos horizontes que, certamente, farão parte de caminhadas futuras. Agradeço aos professores membros da banca final, Yurij Castelfranchi e Marta Kanashiro. Ao professor Yurij, sou grata pela amizade e pelas oportunidades de trabalho em conjunto. Suas pesquisas serviram de inspiração e forneceram dados valiosos para este trabalho, que foram complementados pelas conversas durante a disciplina que cursei na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e, posteriormente, nos encontros do Grupo de Pesquisa em Inovação, Cidadania e Tecnociência (InCiTe). À professora Marta, obrigada pelo incentivo, pela leitura cuidadosa de meu trabalho e pelas sugestões importantes ainda na fase de qualificação, que foram muito úteis para a finalização deste projeto. Agradeço, ainda, aos professores Maurício Guilherme Silva Júnior e Simone Pallone, membros suplentes da banca, e ao professor Marko Monteiro, pelas contribuições durante a banca de qualificação. Em nome deles, agradeço a todos os professores do Mestrado em Divulgação Científica e Cultural e à equipe do Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Jornalismo. Agradeço, especialmente, à professora Maria das Graças Conde Caldas, meu primeiro contato com o curso, que me acolheu em sua casa nas viagens iniciais à Campinas. Obrigada pelo incentivo e pelo carinho, que é recíproco. Devo agradecer também à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Fapemig) pela bolsa de pesquisa que permitiu me dedicar aos estudos. Ao meu chefe, Mario Neto Borges, pelo estímulo, compreensão e apoio, fundamentais para a conclusão do trabalho. E aos meus colegas da Assessoria de Comunicação Social, de então e de agora, que cuidaram de tudo nas minhas ausências. vii Também agradeço à minha família pelo apoio e pela ajuda, especialmente durante o ano de viagens constantes entre Belo Horizonte e Campinas. E aos meus amigos, de lá e de cá, pela força e incentivo. Finalmente, agradeço a Fabiano de Souza Valentim, o companheiro que escolhi para todos os momentos. viii “Divulgar a ciência – tentar tornar os seus métodos e descobertas acessíveis aos que não são cientistas – é o passo que se segue natural e imediatamente. Não explicar a ciência me parece perverso. Quando alguém está apaixonado, quer contar a todo o mundo. ” Carl Sagan O mundo assombrado pelos demônios ix x RESUMO A ciência, e o modo de produção científica, parecem passar por transformações especialmente a partir do final do século XX. A produção de conhecimento teria incorporado novas demandas vindas do mercado, da política e da sociedade. Com isso, a ciência se vê diante de novos desafios e responsabilidades: além da produção e acumulação de conhecimento, precisa ser socialmente distribuída, transdisciplinar e orientada para a aplicação; deve receber feedbacks , escutar as demandas da sociedade e prestar contas de suas atividades a fim de legitimar-se. Além disso, espera-se que sua produção seja realizada de forma transparente e participativa. Isso significa mudanças também no modo como a ciência é comunicada. Por meio de uma análise dos modelos de comunicação, percebemos a incorporação de objetivos, atores e direcionamentos. De uma comunicação unidirecional, que buscava a educação de uma massa de indivíduos cientificamente iletrada, assistimos à emergência de um discurso que privilegia a participação e o engajamento da população, agora considerada agente com voz e poder de influência. Nesse cenário, os cientistas também ganham novas atribuições e papeis. Mais que se destacar por meio de sua pesquisa, acumulando prestígio e reconhecimento no círculo acadêmico, ele deve divulgar os resultados de seu trabalho, se preocupar com a apropriação dos resultados pelo mercado e participar de campanhas que podem afetar seu campo de atuação. Essas novas habilidades já são percebidas em cientistas no auge da carreira, que transitam com desenvoltura pela mídia e por instâncias de decisão política. Mas pouco se fala sobre os cientistas que estão no começo de suas carreiras, ainda buscando se firmar em sua área. O presente trabalho busca identificar esses novos papeis nesse grupo, observando como as características dessa ciência influenciariam em escolhas e decisões. O local escolhido para observação foi a internet. Ela própria vem passando por transformações amparadas pela mudança de atitude dos usuários, com tendência à maior colaboração e interação – o que se convencionou chamar de web 2.0. As ferramentas da web 2.0 ofereceriam a oportunidade de engajamento e troca que tanto se fala na ciência e comunicação da ciência. O objeto do trabalho são os blogs de ciência, mais especificamente o condomínio ScienceBlogs Brasil. Por meio de uma abordagem de inspiração etnográfica, foi observado como os cientistas/blogueiros que participam da comunidade escolhem seus temas, interagem com a população e acumulam um tipo de capital social que poderia ser convertido em benefícios para sua carreira científica. A intenção é observar em que medida a web – e a participação na web – é xi um ambiente propício para essa nova atuação, que combina pesquisa e divulgação científica, troca de conhecimento e aumento de reputação, engajamento e construção de um novo self . Palavras-chave: comunicação da ciência; blogs; participação; ScienceBlogs. xii ABSTRACT Science, and the scientific mode of production, seems to undergo transformations especially from the late twentieth century. The production of knowledge would incorporate new demands from the market, politics and society. The science is faced with new challenges and responsibilities: besides the production and accumulation of knowledge, it must be socially distributed, held in an interdisciplinary basis and application-oriented; should get feedback, listen to the demands of society and search for accountability in order to legitimize itself. Moreover, it is expected that its production is carried out in a transparent and participatory way. This also means changes in the way science is communicated. Through an analysis of communication models, it is possible to notice the incorporation of goals, actors and directions. From a one-way communication, which sought the education of a mass of individuals scientifically illiterate, is observed the emergence of a discourse that privileges the participation and engagement of the population now considered active agent with power to influence. In this scenario, the scientists also gain new powers and roles. More that stand out through their research, accumulating prestige and recognition in academic circles, they should disclose the results of their work, worrying about the appropriation of the results by the market, and participate in campaigns that could affect their field of work. These new skills are already perceived in scientists at the peak of their careers, who talk easily with the media and policy makers. But little is said about scientists who are in early stages of their careers, still seeking to establish in their area. This paper seeks to identify these new roles in this group, noting how the characteristics of this science influence their choices and decisions. The internet was chosen for observation. Itself has undergone transformations supported by the change of attitude of the users, with a trend towards greater collaboration and interaction - the so-called web 2.0. The web 2.0 tools would offer the opportunity for engagement and exchange, values so much appreciated in science and science communication. Our object of work is the science blogs, more specifically the condo ScienceBlogs Brazil. Through an ethnographic-inspired approach, it was observed how scientists / bloggers from the community choose their topics, interact with people and build a kind of social capital that could be converted into benefits for their scientific careers. The intention is to observe how the web - and the participation on the web - is a favorable environment for this new role, which combines scientific research and science dissemination, knowledge sharing and xiii increase on reputation, engagement and construction of a new self. Key words: science communication; blogs; participation; ScienceBlogs. xiv LISTA DE BLOGS E SITES CITADOS (em itálico, os blogs que pertencem ao condomínio ScienceBlogs Brasil) NOME URL 42 http://scienceblogs.com.br/uoleo/
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