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De Esto No Se Habla Ii DE ESTO NO SE HABLA II El Arca de la Vida Más evidencias científicas que desmitifican la teoría de Darwin por DANIEL LAPAZANO Luna Blanca De Esto no se Habla II El Arca de la Vida Daniel Lapazano Luna Blanca Queda rigurosamente prohibida, sin la autorización escrita de los titulares del copyright, bajo las sanciones establecidas por las leyes, la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la fotocopia y el tratamiento informático. © 2013 Luna Blanca TERCERA EDICION - Corregida y Aumentada © Daniel Lapazano ISBN 978-987-26527-7-7 Diseño de portada: Daniel Lapazano e-mail: [email protected] Safe Creative Global Copyright Registry Nro.1212032779413 Índice Sobre la Segunda Edición (pag.7) Introducción (pag.9) C A P I ¿Huevo o Gallina? (pag.20) C A P I I Viaje al Interior de la Célula (pag.30) C A P I I I El Flagelo Bacteriano (pag.65) C A P I V Mitos Darwinistas (pag.90) C A P V ¿Diseños Imperfectos? (pag.123) C A P V I Estasis Biológica (pag.135) C A P V I I El Origen del Hombre (pag.182) C A P V I I I La Nueva Genética (pag.205) C A P I X El Problema Geológico (pag.243) C A P X Los Orígenes del Diseño Inteligente (pag.259) C A P X I La Santa Inquisición (en la Ciencia) (pag.293) C A P X I I El Nuevo Paradigma Biológico (pag.308) Sobre el Libro (pag.313) Otras Obras del Autor (pag.323) SOBRE LA SEGUNDA EDICION En esta segunda edición he agregado 20 páginas más (17 de ellas textos y 3 páginas con ilustraciones). Los capítulos que se ampliaron (para los que ya leyeron la primera edición) son “Estasis Biológica” y “Mitos Darwinistas”. En la primera se agregó el tema de la supuesta evolución de los reptiles a mamíferos, creencia muy difundida entre los partidarios de Darwin y piedra fundamental de la Biología clásica. También, en ese capítulo, se toca el tema de la evolución vegetal, más puntualmente de la evolución de las gimnospermas (pinos, abetos) en angiospermas (rosales, naranjos, soja) y algunas cosas más concernientes a los phyla y la explosión Cámbrica, que me parecieron de particular interés. En la segunda mencionada se agregó la cuestión de la evolución de los reptiles a pájaros, cuyo eslabón intermedio es el famoso Arqueopterix. Este animal es un verdadero ícono en la teoría de la evolución que, desgraciadamente, se me pasó por alto en la primera edición, situación que me molestó bastante y fue la razón principal por la cual me decidí a escribir esta segunda edición. No se podía hablar de antievolucionismo sin mencionar a esta especie memorable. También abordo la cuestión de la secuencia evolutiva “peces – anfibios – reptiles”, ya que los evolucionistas sostienen que la vida terrestre tiene su origen en el mar y que los peces transformaron sus aletas en patas y sus branquias en pulmones. La imagen del pez evolucionando a anfibio y el lagarto evolucionando a pájaro son un clásico de la teoría de Darwin y enseñada, como sabemos, en todas las escuelas. Desde luego, todas estas propuestas darwinistas son infundadas, y el lector se asombrará de lo simple que es comprender estas falacias conociendo más de cerca ciertas características de los seres vivos. Espero que todo el trabajo invertido en esta obra no haya sido en vano y se vea compensada con la satisfacción de todos mis lectores. INTRODUCCIÓN Yo, al igual que muchos de ustedes, fui educado en una institución pública donde me enseñaron la teoría de la evolución. Esto es la teoría que dice que las especies se transforman con el tiempo por obra de las leyes naturales. El evolucionismo enseña que las estructuras biológicas son dinámicas y están sometidas a periódicas transformaciones anatómicas. Esta teoría parece estar corroborada por lo que observamos a diario en la Naturaleza. El agricultor que cultiva una semilla observa cómo esta se transforma, con el tiempo, en un árbol o algún tipo de vegetal. En las granjas vemos que las gallinas ponen huevos y luego estos se transforman en gallinas. Una pequeña y fea oruga que se arrastra en una rama se transforma, en pocos días, en una hermosa mariposa voladora. El transformismo anatómico es algo que forma parte de la vida misma y es difícil imaginar como ésta pudo habérselas arreglado para perdurar sin esta propiedad cambiante y adaptativa. Como yo era consciente del transformismo existente en la Naturaleza, aprender la teoría de la evolución me resultó bastante sencillo. Sentía que la Ciencia, más que darme una explicación científica sobre el origen de la Vida, me estaba dando una explicación evidente o lógica. Aquellos que incursionaron en una institución privada, en cambio, pudieron ocasionalmente haber aprendido la teoría creacionista como explicación del origen de la Vida o alguna otra teoría alternativa, como la panspermia. Esta es la razón de por qué yo fui un evolucionista durante buena parte de mi vida. La evolución me parecía la mejor explicación al origen de las especies. Y, desde luego, asociaba dicha evolución a la figura de Charles Darwin. No fue hasta la aparición de un fascículo (el Nro.26) de la revista mensual de divulgación científica MUY INTERESANTE en donde comencé a cambiar de parecer. En ese número, se informaba que la teoría evolucionista no era tan sólida como parecía. Básicamente se hablaba del problema de los eslabones perdidos y de las dificultades genéticas para encontrar un mecanismo que explicara cómo estos habían evolucionado. El biólogo Stephen Gould argumentaba con absoluta convicción que la evolución no siempre había sido gradual y otros biólogos señalaban la existencia de genes “mudos” que podrían haber desencadenado, bajo ciertas circunstancias, una transformación morfológica radical de las especies. Parecía que muchos científicos no tenían bien en claro cuál era el mecanismo real que producía la evolución y que esta teoría era más bien una cuestión de convención académica como respuesta a la alternativa religiosa de la Creación a que una realidad probada por la Ciencia. El artículo finalizaba con un gran interrogante sobre la célebre teoría de Darwin. Cuando terminé de leer el artículo, me sentía asombrado y excitado. La “todopoderosa” teoría de Darwin parecía apoyarse en imaginerías… Si la Vida no surgió por “evolución” ¿Acaso entonces era un designio de Dios? Pero la cosa no terminó allí. La Biología tenía un largo camino por recorrer y el descubrimiento de algún tipo mecanismo que explicara los transformismos abruptos de las especies podría con el tiempo aparecer. Todavía seguía teniendo fe en la Ciencia más allá de la sombra de la duda. Pasaron los años e ingresé a la Universidad. Como en todas las Universidades públicas, la teoría de la evolución es un tema obligado. No se puede ser un alumno universitario sin conocer bien la teoría de Darwin. Allí en la Universidad aprendí que Darwin explicaba la evolución por el simple mecanismo de la variación azarosa y la selección natural. ¿Variación azarosa? ¿Qué era eso? Siempre había pensado que la Ciencia, cuando intentaba explicar un determinado fenómeno, recurría a algún tipo de “ley” natural. Uno imagina que existe en los genes algún tipo de mecanismo complejo que origina la formación de los seres vivos. Sin embargo, la Biología moderna parecía estar convencida de que el motor principal que había originado la morfología de los individuos era el “azar”. Eso me pareció tan ridículo, tan contrario al espíritu natural de la Ciencia, que me negué a aceptarlo. Durante muchos años mi mente estuvo adiestrada a las matemáticas y, en especial, a la Física y sabía que el azar no produce sistemas demasiados complejos. Una bacteria no se compara en complejidad a una sal… Sabía que la Física no explicaba la Biología y que esta rama de la Ciencia estaba dominada por un paradigma que gravitaba muy por encima de los modestos sistemas físicoquímicos. La Biología era, para mi mente, algo tremendamente complejo. Luego de ese desagradable “shock” producido por lo que me estaban enseñando en la Universidad comencé a investigar. Había caído en la cuenta de que la vieja idea que yo tenía de la evolución (más parecida a la de Lamarck) no tenía nada que ver con la idea que la Ciencia oficial tenía de ella. Incluso aprendí que la mayoría de los profesores que enseñan en los colegios de enseñanza media no conocían “correctamente” la teoría de Darwin. Parecía que casi nadie la conocía… Se hablaba de “la evolución de la Vida” como se habla, por ejemplo, de la fuerza centrífuga... Muchos piensan que la llamado fuerza centrífuga existe. Se dice que, cuando uno gira muy rápido en la calesita o en un sistema rotante, aparece una fuerza que te tira “para atrás”. Pero los físicos saben que eso no es cierto… La fuerza centrífuga es una fuerza ficticia. No existe nada que te tira “para atrás”. En realidad hay una fuerza que te tira “para adentro” y que no te deja escapar. Esta es la fuerza centrípeta, que sí es real. La cuestión es que pocos conocían “realmente” el mecanismo darwinista de la evolución. Y mucho menos sus oscuras implicaciones en nuestras vidas... De esa investigación surgieron mis dos libros De Esto no se Habla y Darwin ha Muerto ¿Y ahora qué? donde mostraba la gran falacia de todas esas cosas que había aprendido en los libros y en la escuela. En esos libros intenté mostrar que la Vida era algo mucho más complejo y misterioso de lo que la gran mayoría de los científicos pensaban. Después de la publicación de mis libros, que tuvieron una más que buena acogida por parte del público, opté por cerrar el tema de los orígenes de la Vida y dedicarme a escribir otra cosa.
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