JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY VOLUME 1730e DECEMBER 1991 * NUMBER 24 Graham C. Walker, Editor in Chief Samuel Kaplan, Editor (1992) (1996) The University of Texas Medical Massachusetts Institute of E. Peter Greenberg, Editor (1996) School, Houston, Tex. Technology, Cambridge, Mass. University ofIowa, Iowa A. L. Sonenshein, Editor (1995) Terrance J. Beveridge, Editor (1992) City, Iowa Tufts University, Boston, Mass. University of GuelPh, Guelph, Canada Carol Gross, Editor (1995) KnehN ims dtr(92 James D. Friesen, Editor (1992) Un WiscosiGBF, Braunschweig, Hospital for Sick Children, MdsnWi.Federaldivesiyof, Republic of Germany Toronto, Canada Dale Kaiser, Minireview Editor (1994) Robert A. Weisberg, Editor (1995) Susan Gottesman, Editor (1994) Stanford University School of Medicine, National Institute of Child National Cancer Institute, Stanford, Calif. Health and Human Bethesda, Md.' Development, Bethesda, Md. EDITORIAL BOARD Sankar Adhya (1993) BArbel Friedrich (1993) Terry Ann Krulwich (1993) Jeffrey Roberts (1992) Stuart J. Austin (1993) Clement Furlong (1993) Carol Kumamoto (1993) Charles 0. Rock (1993) Frederick M. Ausubel (1992) Robert Gennis (1991) Sidney Kushner (1991) Lucia B. Rothman-Denes (1992) Barbara Bachmann (1993) Costa Georgopolous (1993) Harald Labischinskl (1992) Ruidiger Schmitt (1992) Manfred E. Bayer (1991) David Gibson (1991) Thomas Lessie (1,992) Carl A. Schnaitman (1993) Margret H. Bayer (1992) Jane Gibson (1991) Stuart B. Levy (1991) Peter Setlow (1993) Robert W. Bernlohr (1991) Larry Gold (1991) Mary E. Lidstrom (1993) Howard A. Shuman (1991) Mervyn Bibb (1991) Robert C. Goldman (1991) Lasse Lindahl (1993) Gerald Smith (1991) Volkmar Braun (1992) Nigel Grindley (1993) John W. Little (1992) Issar Smith (1993) Richard Calendar (1991) Robert P. Gunsalus (1993) Jack London (1993) Dennis Sprott (1992) A. M. Chakrabarty (1992) Scott R. Hagedorn (1991) Sharon Long (1992) Catherine Squires (1993) Mick Chandler (1993) Richard S. Hanson (1991) Victor de Lorenzo (1991) Gary Stacey (1991) Keith F. Chater (1991) Shige Harayama (1993)' Paul S. Lovett (1993) David Stahl (1993) Terrence G. Cooper (1993) Robert Haselkorn (1993) Paul W. Ludden (1993) Brian Staskawicz (1993) David L. Coplin (1992) Gerald L. Hazelbauer (1993) Bea Lugtenberg (1992) Robert Steffan (1993) Donald Court (1991) George Hegeman (1991) Robert Macnab (1991) Valley Stewart (1991) R. L. Crawford (1993) Roger Hendrix (1992) M. G. Marinus (1992) F. William Studier (1992) John E. Cronan, Jr. (1992) Dennis Henner (1991) Millicent Masters (1992) Anne 0. Summers (1993) Jorge H. Cros'a (1991) C. F.- HIggins (1993) Abdul Matin (1993) Robert Switzer (1993) Lacy Daniels (1992) Joachim-Volker Holtje (1993) Philip Matsumu'ra (1992) Charles L. Turnbough, Jr. Bruce Demple (1991) James Hopper (1991) Russell Maurer (1993) .(1993) Patrick P. Dennis (1993) Barbara Iglewski (1991) John Mekalanos (1991) Mark Walker (1993) MigeIMeessnerA. de Pedro (1993) Karin'Ibler (1993) Paul (1993) Judy D. Wall (1993) Timothy Donohue (1993) Edward E. Ishiguro (1991) 5. Mizushima (1991) Barry Wanner (1993) Ron J. Doyle (1991) Gerald Johnston (1993) Edward A. Morgan (1993) Chris M. Whitfield (1992) David A. Dubnau (1992) Robert J. Kadner (1992) Gisela Mosig, (1991) William B. Whitman (1991) S. Dusko Ehrlich (1991) Clarence Kado (1991) Staffan Normark (1991) Peter A. Williams (1992) Bert'Ely (1991) Eduard J. Kelienberger (1992) Dennis Ohman (1991) Malcolm Winkler (1991) Wolgn Epstein (1993) David E. Kenneli (1991) William J. Paranchych (1991) C. L. Woldringh (1993) James G. Ferry (1993) H.-J. Knackmuss (1993) John S. Parkinson (1993) David Womble (1992) David H. Figurski (1993) Wil N. Konings (1993) Allen T. Phillips (1991) Henry C. Wu'(1993) Patricia L. Foster (1993) Dennis J. Kopecko (1993) Anthony Pugsley (1991) Ryland Young (1993) Robert T. Fraley (1991) Christopher Korch (1991) Juan L. Ramos (1993) Howard Zalkin (1991) Michael Fried (1991) Susan F. Koval (1991) Linda Randall (1993) David Zusman (1991) David I. Friedman (1992) VUl Krishnapillal (1991) Gary P. Roberts (1993)

Barbara H. Iglewski, Chairman, Publications Board Linda M. Illig, Director, Journals Sara C. Joslyn, Production Editor Catherine E. Blickendorfer, Assistant Production Editor

The Journal of Bacteriolog (ISSN 0021-9193), a publication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005-4171, is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of fundamental knowledge concerning bacteria and other microorganisms. Instructions to authors are published in the first issue each year; reprints are available from the editors and the Journals Division. The Journal is published twice monthly, one volume per year:IThe nonmember subscription prices are $360 (U.S. and Canada) and $410 (foreign; air drop shipping) per year; single copies are $40. The-member subscription prices are $49 (U.S. and Canada) and $98 (foreign; air drop shipping) per year'; single copies are $10. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, reprints, defective copies; availability of back issues, lost or late proofs, disposition of submitted manuscripts, and general editorial matters should be directed to the ASM Journals Division, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005-4171 (phone: 202 737-3600). Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publication of the issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months of publication of the issues'. Claims for issues missing because of failure to report an address change or for issues "missing from files" will not be allowed. Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20005, and at additional -mailing offices. Author Index

Abee, Tjakko, 7934 Faure, B., 7956 Klein, Wolfgang, 7918 Price, Chester W., 7856 Aguilar, 0. Mario, 7756 Fierobe, H.-P., 7956 Kodaki, Tsutomu, 7992 Ailman, Richard, 7970 Fromant, Michel, 7903 Kohsaka, Masanobu, 7848 Radolf, Justin D., 8004 Ambulos, Nicholas P., Jr., Fukagawa, Masao, 7848 Kojo, Hitoshi, 7848 Rao, V. Jayathirtha, 7911 7881 Kok, Jan, 7934 Reeder, Thadd, 7765 Aramori, Ichiro, 7848 Garcia, Emilio, 7741 Konings, Wil N., 7934 Rigling, Daniel, 8000 Avila, Diana M., 7875 Gaudin, C., 7956 Krulwich, Terry Ann, 7750 Rimmele, Martina, 7918 Bagnara,C., 7956 Gazeau, Myriam, 7903 Robinson, Angela K., 7875 Baliar,Ani, 7741 Glickman, Barry W., 7996 Lange, Roland, 7918 Rogers, Elizabeth J., 7881 Baneje, K.,798 Glufka, R., 7988 Lapidot, A., 7790 Dnilip Frangoise, 7903 Sadowsky, Michael J., 7887 Barletta,Barletta,RDliRadlG.,G.,77727772 Grasso, Daniel H., 7756 ~~~~~Lin,Ldvdque,E. C. C., 8009 Schjerven, Torstein, 7970 Barnes, Larry D., 7875 Loutfi, M., 7956 Schleif, Robert, 7765 Baty, D., 7956 Haldenwang, William G., 7821 Lovett, Paul 5., 7881 Seki, Tatsuji, 7975 Behmlander, Richard M., 7810 Hayashi, Kenshi, 7834 Sequeira, Luis, 7841 Belaich, A., 7956 Hengge-Aronis, Regine, 7918 Maeba, P., 7988 Setlow, Peter, 7867 Belaich, J.-P., 7956 Hohmann, Stefan, 7963 Masai, Eiji, 7950 Shivaji, S., 7911 Blanco, Gonzalo, 7741 Holo, Helge, 7934 Matsutani, Sachiko, 7802 Stein, Daniel C., 7896 Blanquet, Sylvain, 7903 Horsfall, Michael J., 7996 McDowall, Alasdair W., 8004 Stragier, Patrick, 7942 Bloom, Barry R., 7772 Hosaka, Kohei, 7992 Mclver, Kevin, 7781 Sun, Dongxu, 7867 Boos, Winfried, 7918 Merrick, Mike, 7741 Sussman, Michael D., 7867 Charles 7828 Boyla,Boyla,Shron,ShaonA.A.,785 Imanaka, Hiroshi, 7848 Moran, P., Jr., L., 7790 Morohoshi, Fumiko, 7834 Tatti, Kathleen M., 7828 Brusca, John 5., 80047856Inbar, Noriyuki, 7950 Thomas, Michael D., 7856 Bush, Gay, 7741 IaiMot,788Morohoshi,waiMot,788Munakata, Nobuo, 7834 Tovar-Rojo, Federico, 7867 Butcher, Philip D., 7982 Tsumura, Mana, 7848 Cabrera-Martinez, Jacobs, William R., Jr., 7772 Nes, Ingolf F., 7934 Tully, Raymond E., 7887 Rosa-Martha, 7867 Jagannadham, Medicharla V., Nikawa, Jun-Ichi, 7992 Chen, Yu-Mei, 8009 7911 Nishikawa, Seiji, 7950 Ueda, Yoshio, 7848 Cirillo, Jeffrey D., 7772 Janssen, Dick B., 7925 Norgard, Michael V., 8004 Clejan, Sanda, 7750 Jones, C. Hal, 7828 Van Alfen, Neal K., 8000 Contreras, Asunci6n, 7741 Ohman, Dennis E., 7781 van Belkum, Marco J., 7934 Kao, Christopher Cheng, 7841 Ono. Hiroki, 7848 van der Ploeg, Jan, 7925 Danaher, Robert J., 7896 Kataoka, Masakazu, 7975 van Hall, Genrt, 7925 Drummond, Martin, 7741 Katayama, Yoshihiro, 7950 Patel, Bharvin K. R., 7982 Venema, Gerard, 7934 Dunkley, Eugene A., Jr., 7750 Kaushal, Varsha, 7875 Peters, Howard K., III, 7821 Dworkin, Martin, 7810 Kawai, Shinya, 7950 Petricoin, Emanuel F., III, Yamasaki, Makari, 7950 Keister, Donald L., 7887 7896 Yamashita, Satoshi, 7992 Fajardo-Cavazos, Patricia, Kennedy, Christina, 7741 Plateau, Pierre, 7903 Yatagai, Fumio, 7996 7867 Kessler, Efrat, 7781 Popham, David L., 7942 Yoshida, Toshiomi, 7975 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The following have served as invited special reviewers for the Journal during 1991, and their help is greatly appreciated. Ahmed Abdelal Ashley Bowen Antoine Danchin Susan Fisher George Harauz Ann Abeles Dana Boyd Asis Das Madilyn M. Fletcher Susan K. Harlander Nina Agabian Chris Brandl J. Davies Cecil Forsberg Hosni Hassan Henry C. Aldrich Mary Brawner Frank B. Dazzo John W. Foster Sven Hastrup C. Alpert Hans Bremer Dennis R. Dean T. Foster G. Wesley Hatfield Bruce Ames Patrick J. Brennan Donald Dean Daniel Fraenkel Graham F. Hatfull Giovanna, Ames John Breznak F. deBruijn Naomi C. Franklin Stanley M. Hattman John S. Anderson Stanley Brown Frits DeGraaf H. Fredrickson Robert P. Hausinger Robert Anderson Jeremy Bruenn Pieter de Haseth Irwin Fridovich Peter Heiter Stephen Anderson Donald A. Bryant Edward F. DeLong Bradford Friedman Donald Helinski Jan R. Andreesen Christine Buchanan Arnold Demain Laura Frost John Helmann Brenda Andrews Andrew Buchman Jean Denarie Jed Fuhrman Charles E. Helmstetter David Apirion Bernd Bukau, Patrick P. Dennis M. Futai Regine Hengge-Aronis Gordon Archer Richard R. Burgess Timothy Denny John Gallant Tina Henkin Andrew Archibald Michael J. Burke Vojo Deretic Donald Ganem Hauke Hennecke Kim Arndt Dominique Burnouf David J. DeRosier A. T. Ganesan Susan Henry Arthur Aronson Stephen Busby Raymond Devoret Greg Garcia James Hernandez Daniel J. Arp Howard Bussey Borge Diderichsen Jeffrey F. Gardner Charles L. Hershberger S. Arvidson Enrico Cabib Anthony A. DiMarco Susan Garges Frank Hetrick Paul Atfield Harlan Caldwell Gary Ditta J. E. Gates Michael L. Higgins Alan Atherly Richard L. Calendar Walter J. Dobrogosz Cynthia Gawron-Burke Wolfgang Hillen Tove Atlung Joseph M. Calvo Roy H. Doi Peter Geiduschek Alan Hinnebusch J.-P. Aubert Alan Campbell William Donachie Martin Gellert Ann Hirsch Milton Axley Charles R. Cantor Jacob A. Donkersloot Stanton Gelvin J. Hobot Hubert Bahl Michael Capage Caroline Donnelly Raymond Gesteland James A. Hoch Tania Baker Marian Carlson Tim Donohue J.-M. Ghuysen Ann Hochschild David Ballou George Carman William Donovan H. J. Gilbert Ronald Hoess Richard Baltz Malcolm J. Casadaban W. Ford Doolittle Peter Gilbert I. Barry Holland Gerard Barack Michael Cashel Laszlo Dorgai Ronald Gill Michael Holland Joseph T. Barbieri Sherwood Casjens William Dowhan Jane Glazebrook B. W. Holloway James Bardwell Thomas Cech John Downard Alexandra Glucksmann Randall Holmes Joel B. Baseman Robert Cedergreen Gerhart Drews Nigel Godson William Holms Phillip Bassford, Jr. T. Chakraborty Karl Drlica Andre Goffeau, Stanley C. Holt Carl Batt Michael J. Chamberlin Sylvia Dryden Jon Goguen J. Horn John Battista, Glenn Chambliss John Dunn Marvin Gold Francis C. G. Hoskin Dietz Bauer Glen Champness Gary Dunny A. L. Goldberg Sven Hovmoller Simon Baumberg Wendy Champness Martin Dworkin Susan Golden Martha M. Howe J. Thomas Beatty Nyles W. Charon Daniel E. Dykhuizen Howard Goldfine Kelly Hughes Arthur Beaudet Dhruba Chattoraj Charles Earhart Emmanuel Goldman Richard A. Hull Jonathan Beckwith Gail Christie Kenneth B. Easterbrook Joel Goodman Charles R. Hutchinson John Bedbrook Alvin John Clark Harrison Echols Myron F. Goodman Phillip B. Hylemon Joel Belasco Anthony Clark Clive Edward Max Gottesman John J. landolo Marlene Belfort David Clark R. Eichenlaub Michael Gottesman Tetsuo lino Robert A. Bender John Clark A. Eisenstark Richard L. Gourse Lonnie 0. Ingram William F. Benisek Josephine Clark-Curtiss Barry Eisenstein Lori L. Graham Ross B. Inman George Bennett Pat Cleary Irena Ekiel Jay D. Gralla Shinya Inoue Spencer A. Benson Michel Clerget Thomas Elliott Andrew Granston Masoyori K. Inouye Roland Benz Donald B. Clewell L. Eltis Michael Gray Sumiko, Inouye Pierre Bequin Steve Cline Donald Ennis Leo Grinius Ralph Isberg Claire Berg Stewart T. Cole Jerald C. Ensign Alan Grossman Edward D. Ishiguro Douglas Berg William Coleman K. D. Entian Lawrence Grossman Akira Ishihama Howard C. Berg C. Collmer Jeff Errington Leonard Guarante M. Itaya Peter Berget Rita Colwell Jorge Escalante-Semer- Mary Lou Guerinot George Jacobi Helmut Bertrand Timothy W. Conner ena Richard Littleton Guer- William Jacobs Marsha J. Betley Samuel F. Conti D. E. Eveleigh rant Eric Jacobson Thomas A. Bickle J. J. Cooney Spencer Farr John Guest Rainer Jaenicke Paul Bishop Stephen Cooper Brian Federici David Gutnick William James Sylvain Blanquet Guy Cornelis James A. Fee C. Guzman J. M. Janda Martin J. Blaser James Coulton Michael Feiss Carlton Gyles Bob Jann Carl A. Blatt Charles Cox Joseph J. Ferretti Gary N. Gussin D. B. Janssen August Bock Elizabeth A. Craig Robert H. Fillingame Kevin J. Hackett Paul Janssen Gregg Bogosian Nancy L. Craig Marcin Filutowicz T. Hackstadt Ken F. Jarrell Dian Bohannon Bill Cramer Turlough Finan Regine Hakenbeck H. J. Jennings Pierre Boistard S. Cryz Brett Finlay William G. Haldenwang K. F. Jensen Winfrie-d Boos Laszlo N. Csonka Richard Fishel Y. S. Halpern Susan Jensen N. D. Judewicz Richard Losick Joseph Neilands Elisabeth A. Raleigh David Sherratt H. Ronald Kaback David Low David Nelson Georges Rapoport Lawrence Shimkets, Jr. Regina Kahman K. Brooks Low Eugene Nester S. Razin Hideo Shinagawa Michael Kahn H. Lunsdorf Francis C. Neuhaus Rosemary Redfield Gerald D. Shockman Ashwini Kamath Carol J. Lusty Elaine Newman Jason Reed Ethan Signer J. Kansy Joseph Lutkenhaus Austin Newton John N. Reeve Richard Singer Heidi B. Kaplan George Mackie Brian P. Nichols Peter Reeves Thomas J. Silhavy Dmitri Karamata Boris Magasanik Kenneth W. Nickerson Peter Reichard Simon Silver Eva R. Kashket Paul T. Magee Sandra Nierzwicki- Hans Reichenbach Michael R. Silverman Morris Kates Clint Magill Bauer Lawrence Reitzer Lee D. Simon Noel Keen* Michael Maguire Hiroshi Nikaido Jonathan Reizer Melvin I. Simon Christina Kennedy R. A. Mah Alexander Ninfa T. Lynne Reuber Robert D. Simoni Eugene Kennedy Robert J. Maier Dale Noel Helen R.' Revel Robert W. Simons J. T. Keltjens Frank Maley Harry F. Noller William S. Reznikoff Mitchell Singer Richard Kessin Stanley Maloy Masayasu Nomura Evelyne Richet Uwe Sleytr Patricia Kiley Jack Maniloff K. Nordstrom Paul D. Rick Alan Sloma John Kinsey Mohammed Marahiel Steven J. Norris Ernst T. Rietschel Joan Slonczewski Kaspar Kirschner Julius Marmur Nancy Nossal Monica Riley John K. Smit Todd R. Klaenhammer Robert E. Marquis Richard Novick Denise Roberts Cassandra Smith Phillip Klebba Allan Marr Per Nygaard J. W. Roberts Lloyd Smith Nancy E. Kleckner Barry L. Mars Martin Obert Richard J. Roberts Barbara Sodgwick Per Klemm George Marzluff Howard Ochman Leslie Robertson Mitchell L. Sogin H. Knackmuss George Matchum D. Oesterhelt Antonio H. Romano J. Sokatch Arthur Koch Alastair Matheson T. V. O'Halloran Clive Ronson David R. Soll T. Kogoma Rowena Matthews Donald B. Oliver Saul Roseman Dieter Soll Richard Kolodner Ann Matthysse Steven Oliver Barry Rosen Ronald Somerville Roberto Kolter Michael Maurizi Gary Olsen Mel Rosenberg George Sorger Jordan Konisky Dennis:Mayrand George W. Ordal Susan Rosenberg Jim P. Spain Daniel Koshland Lee McAllister-Henn William Orme-Johnson Lee Rosner P. Frederick Sparling Linda D. Kosturko David McCarthy Frits Orskov Wilma Ross George Spiegelman Stephen Kowal- J. McCarthy Mary Jane Osborn John R. Roth Brian G-. Spratt czykowski William McClure P. Ottensmeyer Lawrence Rothfield Catherine Squires Kurt Kowallik Kevin McEntee Dale L. Oxender Aser Rothstein Thressa C. Stadtman Regis Krah Bruce McFadden Norman R. Pace David Rothstein Franklin Stahl Nicholas Kredich W. H. McGaughey Anita Panek Rodney Rothstein James T. Staley Noel R. Krieg Estelle J. McGroarty Nicholas Panopoulos Pierre Rouvi~re George'V. Stauffer J. -Simon Kroll Charles McHenry James T. Park Robert H. Rownd Yde Steensma Lee Kroos Larry McKay Jack Parker Kenneth Rudd Michel Steinmetz Andrew M.- Kropinski Keith McKenny Thomas R. Parr, Jr. Ma jorie Russel J. Stephen Peter L. Kuempel Roger McMacken Bruce Paster Peter Russell Richard Stephens Wolf Kunau John C. Meeks Girish B. Patel Jon Rydstrom Nat L. Sternberg Thomas Kunkel Neil H. Mendelson Terry Paul Milton H. Saier Rolf Sternglanz Bernard Kuntz Rolf Menzel Henry Paulus Marvin L. Salin Alisdair Steven Janet Kuijan M. J. Merrick Steen Pedersen Milton Salton Roselynn M. Stevenson Donn J. Kushner Francine Messenguy Harold R. Perkins Abigail Salyers George Stewart Sydney G. Kustu Roger Milkman Janice Pero Leona Samson Peter R. Stewart Kyung-joo Kwon-Chung Charles Miller Jean-Pierre Perreault Aziz Sancar Ann St. John Bik Kwoon-Tye James Miller Malcolm Perry Kenneth E. Sanderson Jeffrey Stock Sanford A. Lacks Jeffrey H. Miller D. E. Pett'ijohn J. Sansonetti B. A. D. Stocker Francois Lacroute Sam Miller D. Pieper P. Sansonetti W. Stoeckenius G. H. Lacy Virginia Miller Ronald A. Pieringer Michael G. Sargent Gisela Storz Erich Lahue D. Mills Patrick Piggot Robert T. Sauer Valerie Stout Joe Lam Takeshi Mizuno Jacqueline Piret Jonathan R. Saunders Patrick Stragier Robert C. Landick Harry L. Mobley A. J. Pittard Gary S. Sayler Susan Straley Arthur Landy Peter H. Model Bryce Plapp Moselio Schaechter William Studier David LaPorte Paul L. Modrich Fred Pluthero Leo Schalkwyk Paul Sullivan Robert Lawther Scott Mohr Jeanne S. Poindexter Mark A. Schell Manfred Sumper Donald J. LeBlanc Charles P. Moran, Jr. Barry A. Polisky John Schellman Yoland Surdin-Keijan Nancy Lee Leonard E. Mortensen R. K. Poole Paul Schimmel Miriam M. Susskind John Leigh John Mueller Mark Poritz P. Schlievert Mike Syvanen Thomas Leisinger Emanuel Murgola Kathleen Postle John Schloss Harry Taber William Lennarz Helios Murialdo Anthony R. Poteete Molly Schmidt F. Robert Tabita Sally A. Leong Noreen E. Murray H. Poth Rudiger Schmitt Herbert Tabor Roger Levesque R. G. E. Murray Russell Poulter Harold J. Schreier Jordan Tang Wen-Hsiung Li James Musser Louise Prakash H. Schremf William Tapprich Margaret Lieb Vasantha Nagarajan Jack Preiss Wolfgang Schumann Andrew Taylor Dongbin Lim Atsuo Nakata P. Prentki June R. Scott Diane Taylor Alexander Tomasz Merna R. Villarejo Bernard Weiss Dennis Winge Charles Yanofsky Jun-ichi Tomizawa Eric R. Vimr Herbert We'issbach Herbert H. Winkler Michael Yarmolinsky Mark Toone M. Vincenta P. 'David J. Weitzman U. K. Winkler Ronald Yasbin John G. 'Torrey Leo C. Vining Rodney A. Welch Charles L. Wisseman Hiroshi Yoshikawa Daniele Touat Ricbaard Voellmy Wanda M. Wenman B. Witholt Michael Young Patrick, Trieu-Cuot Godfrie'd D. Vogels Maggie Werntr-Wash- Evelyn M. Witkin Richard A. Young Eric Tripilett Mi1chael Volkert burneI, P. K. Wolber Philip Youngman' Nancy Trun Peter 'H. Von Hippel Joseph Wes'sel§ ihr of la ose Trevor J. Trust Wilfried Wackernagel Robert West John 'J. Tudor Larry W 'kett Janet WestphelingRapS.WleDuasY vn Bernt Eric Uhlin Charles Waechter R. Wever McalWlesegr TksiYr H. Edwin Umbarger Eldoin M. Walker David C. WhiteH.W fWazSnlyZhe Michael 'Uqger, James Walker. Reed WicknerC.PtrW kVignaZin R. Unt&rma'n Chris T. Walsh Susan Wickner SiLmWn oehZmo M. 'A. Valvano Cecile Wandeis'man Brian Wilkins HradG odPtii abyk Terry Van Arman Jame's C. Wang Steve' ikno Janet M. Wood Paul Zamecnik Kathryn Vande'nBosch Jon Warner Niel Willetts, Roger Woodgate A. Zehnder P. van'de Putte R. A. J. Warren P. Williams Ira Wool Gregory Zeikus C. Van der Drift Tony Warren P. H. William John Woolford Janice M. Zengel Mich~el L. 'Vasil Roniild Weiner M. H. Williamson Jan T. M. Wouters Wolfram Zillig Gerald Venema William Weisberg David B. Wilson Andrew Wright Peter Zuber Desh Pal Verma Bernard Weisblum Steven Winans Daniel' Wulif Judith W., Zyskind AUTHOR INDEX VOLUME 173

Aarsman, Miriam E. G., 5740 Aronson, A. I., 6618 Barta, Terese M., 4124 Bertin, Yolande, 7673 Abbanat, Darren R., 929 Aronson, Arthur I., 6635 Bartkus, Joanne M., 1634 Bertram, Joachim, 443 Abdelal, Ahmed H. T., 5406 Aronson, Benjamin D., 5944 Barve, Shirish S., 7293 Bertrand, Kevin P., 5554 Abdullah, Khalid M., 5597 Arora, S. K., 7204 Bastarrachea, Fernando, 3261 Bessman, Maurice J., 6665 Abdullab, Tariq, 5964 Arps, Peggy J., 7395 Batchelor, Roger A., 5699 Betlach, Mary C., 4692 Abee, Tjakko, 6030, 7934 Arredondo, R., 910 Battisti, Laurie, 3066 Betts, Janice D., 937 Abeles, Ann, 3935 Asad, Nasser R., 2562 Batut, Jacques, 5914 Beveridge, T. J., 1623, 6213 Abo, Hirokazu, 989 Asselin, Alain, 5619 Baty, D., 7956 Beveridge, Terry J., 130 Abo, Tatsuhiko, 6347 Atherly, Alan G., 704, 5173 Bauer, Carl E., 4163, 5502 Bhat, U. Ramadas, 2155 Abraham, Soman N., 4195 Atkins, John F., 6998 Bauerle, Ronald, 1894 Bhave, Mrinal R., 6742 Adachi, Osao, 3440 Atkinson, Mariette R., 23, Baum, James A., 5280 Bhaya, Devaki, 4297 Adachi, Takahiro, 4243 7351 Baumann, Linda, 6321 Bibb, Mervyn J., 6475 Adamowicz, Michael, 229 Atlung, Tove, 5194, 6390 Baumann, Paul, 6321 Bibeau, Claude, 2250 Adams, Christopher C., 7429 Au, Samson, 4551 Baumeister, Wolfgang, 2196 Bickle, Thomas A., 2993 Adams, Lee F., 3846 Aubert, Jean-Paul, 80 Bayer, Edward A., 4155 Birch, Ashley, 3531 Adhya, Sankar, 2319, 6294 Auger, Elizabeth A., 1992 Bayer, M. E., 141 Birkeland, Nils Kfire, 6927 Aguilar, Juan, 5144, 6118 Austin, Denise, 101 Bayer, M. H., 141 Bisch, D., 6066 Aguilar, 0. Mario, 7756 Austin, John W., 937, 5663 Bayles, Ken W., 16% Bischoff, David S., 710 Ahlborn, Bettina, 3432 Austin, Stuart, 3630, 3935 Bazett-Jones, David P., 7728 Biserdid, Marina, 3894 Aida, Tokujiro, 4237 Ausubel, Frederick M., 382 Beachey, Edwin H., 1230 Bishop, Paul E., 4440, 7565 Ajdic, Dragana, 906 Avi-Dor, Y., 7021 Beatty, J. T., 2954 Bissonnette, Luc, 4493 Akazawa, Takashi, 5224 Avila, Diana M., 7875 Beatty, J. Thomas, 1432 Bjork, Glenn R., 1757 Alam, Jawed, 5778 Ayoubi, Patricia, 1617 Bechhofer, David H., 3732 Bjornsson, Asgeir, 412 Alam, Kiswar Y., 6018 Beck, Pamela J., 947 Black, Deborah 5., 5732 Alam, Maqsudul, 1971, 5837 Baba, Kiyoshi, 5036 Becker-Hapak, Michelle, 2506 Black, Paul N., 435 Albertini, Alessandra M., Backman, Assar, 1607 Beckwith, Jon, 2187, 7719 Black, Stuart, 2720 3573, 3584 Backman, Keith C., 5047 Bedzyk, Laura, 176 Blair, David F., 4049 Aldrich, Teri L., 4717 Bacot, Christopher M., 4234 Begonia, Gregorio B., 5582 Blanche, F., 4637, 4893, 6058, Alic, Margaret, 4101 Badere, Arnaud, 479 Bdguin, Pierre, 80 6066, 6074 Allard, John D., 5554 Badia, Josefa, 5144 Behmlander, Richard M., 7810 Blanche, Francis, 6046, 6052, Allardet-Servent, Annick, Bae, Young Min, 3382, 5831 Belaich, A., 7956 6300, 6694 2219 Bagga, Deepsaran, 7511 Belaich, J.-P., 7956 Blanco, David R., 5585 Allen, Bradley L., 916 Bagga, Deepsaran A., 3554 Belas, Robert, 6279, 6289 Blanco, Gonzalo, 7741 Allen, Roger D., 495, 4263 Bagnara, C., 7956 Belasco, Joel G., 4578 Blanquet, Sylvain, 5275, 7903 Allman, Richard, 7970 Bahl, Hubert, 2120 Belfort, Marlene, 1193 Blaschek, Hans P., 530 Ally, Abdul, 5047 Baigori, Mario, 4240 Belisle, John T., 6991 Blasco, F., 1765 Ally, Delphine, 5047 Bains, Manjeet, 6657 Bdliveau, Catherine, 5619 Blatt, Lawrence M., 5315 Alm, Richard A., 4757 Baird, Lisa, 5763 Bell, Angus, 6657 Bleiweis, A. 5., 7423 Alonso, Juan C., 3977 Bairoch, Amos, 5385, 7540 Bellemare, Guy, 5619 Block, Maryse A., 4297 Altenschmidt, Uwe, 5494 Bakker, Evert P., 3170 Bellenger, E., 7582 Block, Steven M., 933 Altuvia, Shoshy, 810, 2944 Balang6, Alain Pierre, 2712 Bellion, Edward, 4959 Blomfield, Ian C., 5298, 5308 Amako, Kazunobu, 3257, 4333 Baldomd, Laura, 5144 Bell-Pedersen, Deborah, 1193 Bloom, Barry R., 7772 Amaro, A. M., 910 Baldwin, Thomas 0., 568 Belogurov, Anatol A., 5887 Bloom, F., 2707 Ambulos, N. P., Jr., 1810 Bali, Anil, 7741 Bender, Robert A., 116, 6626 Blume, Jeffrey L., 4263 Ambulos, Nicholas P., Jr., Ball, Catherine A., 4027, 4032 Benjamin, Robert C., 2724 Blumel, Peter, 3507 7881 Ball, Genevieve, 479 Benner, J., 2707 Blumenthal, Robert M., 1367 Amemura, Mitsuko, 549, 2665 Ballesta, Juan P. G., 7213 Benner, Jack 5., 5207 Blyn, Lawrence B., 1789 Ames, Giovanna Ferro-Luzzi, Bally, Marc, 479 Bennett, D. Clark, 2328 Bock, August, 4983 1444 Baltz, Richard H., 1096, 3770, Bennett, George N., 1831, Boerman, Patrice A., 6651 Ameyama, Minoru, 3440 5573, 5578 1965 Boeuf, Christiane, 7673 Amundad6ttir, Laufey, 412 Banerjee, Dilip K., 7982 Benson, David R., 2061 Bohannon, Dian E., 4482 An, HaeJung, 245, 5975 Baneyx, Franqois, 2696 Benz, Roland, 4182, 4909, Bohrmann, B., 3149 Anazawa, Hideharu, 6948 Banholzer, Rolf, 5017 4970 Boiteux, Serge, 3419 Anderson, Blake, 6807 Baranton, G., 7582 Beppu, Teruhiko, 2311, 2465, Boivin, Catherine, 2809 Anderson, Matt 5., 3591 Barbe, Jordi, 404 7070 Bolin, Ingrid, 1607 Anderson, Robert, 457 Barbd, Jordi, 7345, 7736 Berenguer, Jos6, 5346 Bonas, Ulla, 7142 Anderson, Shawn L., 2761 Barbour, A. G., 7233 Berg, Barbara L., 4417 Bonovich, Maria T., 2897 Andreesen, J. R., 5983 Barghouthi, 5., 5121 Berg, Claire M., 3864 Bonting, Cornelus F. C., 6484 Andreesen, Jan Remmer, 1509 Baril, C., 7582 Berg, Douglas E., 315, 8%, Boominathan, K., 776 Andrews, A. E., 5068, 5079 Barile, Michael F., 1382 2633 Boone, Charles, 6859 Angov, Evelina, 407 Barletta, Raul G., 7772 Berg, Howard C., 933, 4049, Boos, Winfried, 2180, 4862, Apicella, M. A., 2823 Barnell, Wendy 0., 3215 7033 7918 Appenzeller, Laura, 5371 Barnes, Esther, 5144 Berger-Bachi, Brigitte, 3507, Borcher, Torben V., 276 Aramori, Ichiro, 7848 Barnes, Larry D., 7875 7416 Borenstein, Lee A., 5585 Arany, Zoltan, 3587 Barns, Susan M., 697, 2250 Bergeron, Raymond J., 2238 Borys, Andrew, 514 ii AUTHOR INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Bourne, Jason C., 1367 Cabrera-Judirez, Emiliano, Chatterjee, Arun K., 4310 Connolly, Dennis M., 1711, Bourne, Nigel, 6618 6632 Chawla, Ajay, 6230 7395 Bouvet, Philippe, 4578 Cabrera-Martinez, Rosa Chen, Chin-Yi, 1139 Contreras, Asunci6n, 7741 Bouvier, Jean, 5523 Martha, 2977, 7867 Chen, Elison, 6162 Conway, Tyrrell, 3215 Bove, J. M., 2225 Cai, Bing, 3117 Chen, Hongwu, 2109 Cook, Alasdair M., 3741 Bovd, Joseph M., 4353 Cai, Jin, 1471 Chen, Jau-Der, 283 Cook, Douglas, 1654 Bowden, Emma, 2006 Cai, Yuping, 5771, 5778 Chen, Jiann-Shin, 3041 Cooley, Michael B., 2608 Boye, Erik, 4537, 7970 Cain, Brian D., 7240 Chen, Jiun-Wei, 2328, 2341 Cooper, Stephen, 2673 Boylan, Sharon A., 116, 7856 Caldwell, Allison L., 7176 Chen, Josiane, 5275 Cooper, Terrance G., 255, Boyle, Stephen M., 3615 Caldwell, D. E., 6558 Chen, Kenneth K., 5315 4977, 6332, 7186 Braaten, Bruce A., 1789 Calendar, Richard, 37 Chen, Lee-may, 1729 Coppolecchia, Raffaella, 6678 Brade, Helmut, 1862 Calendar, Richard L., 6722 Chen, Li-How, 4578 Coque, Juan-Jose R., 6258 Brade, Lore, 1862 Calero, Sebastian, 404 Chen, Li-Mei, 783 Corbo, Joseph C., 5822 Brahamsha, B., 541, 2442 Calero, Sebastign, 7345 Chen, Ling-Sing, 1514 Corey, Donna K., 5924 Bramanti, Thomas E., 7330 Cali, Brian M., 6242, 6249 Chen, Yu-Mei, 6118, 8009 Cornelis, Guy R., 1677, 4994 Bramucci, Michael G., 1911 Calie, Patrick J., 5298 Cheng, Chao-Hsiung, 1873 Costerton, J. W., 6558 Brandner, Janine P., 3958 Calvo, Joseph M., 1634 Cheng, Qi, 1817 Coucheron, Dag H., 5723 Braun, C., 308 Cam, Kaymeuang, 734 Cheng, Qiong, 4540 Couder, M., 4637, 4893, 6066 Braun, Robert E., 5194 Camakaris, James, 6742 Cheng, Tu-chen, 1938 Couder, Michel, 6046, 6300 Braymer, H. D., 2707, 3918 Camarena, Laura, 3261 Cheo, David L., 1696 Coulton, James W., 4394 Brazas, R., 5188, 6168 Cameron, B., 4637, 4893, Chibazakura, Taku, 2625 Courcoux, Pascale, 1920 Brede, Gaute, 7042 6058, 6066, 6074 Chilton, W. Scott, 903 Cournoyer, Benoit, 4072 Brehm, Klaus, 5159 Cameron, Beatrice, 6046, Chilton, William Scott, 2833 Courvalin, Patrice, 4347 Bremer, Erhard, 801, 5419 6052, 6300 China, Bernard, 4994 Cowan, Clarissa, 2649 Brendler, Therese, 3935 Campbell, Bruce C., 6321 Chistoserdov, Andrei Y., Cowan, Peter J., 7464 Brennan, Patrick J., 6991 Canard, Bruno, 5431 5901, 5909 Crabb, W. D., 3573, 3580 Brevet, Annie, 5275 Candau, Pedro, 4095 Chistoserdova, Ludmila V., Cramn, Pamela F., 3138 Bricker, Angela L., 4578 Cannistraro, Vincent J., 4653 7228 Cramer, Carole L., 6537 Brierley, Heidi L., 3060 Cannon, G. C., 1565 Cho, Ki-Woong, 1399 Cramer, W. A., 2927, 2935 Brissette, Renee E., 601 Cannon, Janne G., 5476 Choe, MuHyeon, 6139 Crasnier, Martine, 6265 Brissette, Rende E., 3749 Cao, Xianjun, 5439 Choi, Eung-Chil, 4725 Craven, Mark G., 1485 Brom, Susana, 1344, 2411, Capage, Michael, 3776 Choi, Yong-Lark, 2644 Crawford, Irving P., 541, 2435 Caparon, Michael G., 2617 Chou, F. I., 3184 1590, 3756 Bronner, Dorothea, 4088 Caplan, Shari, 627 Chou, Joseph H., 4433 Crielaard, Wim, 791 Brown, James W., 3855 Caramori, T., 3573 Christie, Gail E., 6927 Cronan, John E., Jr., 3724, Brown, Julie A., 4101 Carles-Nurit, Marie-Jos~e, Chu, Herman, 6162 6411 Brown, Kelly L., 3846 2219 Ciriacy, Michael, 7012 Crouzet, J., 4637, 4893, 6058, Brown, Simon, 997 Carlson, R. W., 2155 Cirillo, Jeffrey D., 7772 6066, 6074 Brown, Stanley, 1835 Carmel, Gilles, 4394 Clark, David P., 6018 Crouzet, Joel, 6046, 6052, Brunen, Manfred, 4182 Carson, Michael J., 2187 Clark, Marta A., 5406, 6321 6300 Brunham, Robert C., 6670 Carter, Jeffrey R., 1027 Clarke, Anthony J., 4318, Cundliffe, Eric, 7213 Brusca, John 5., 8004 Casadaban, Malcolm J., 1339, 4618 Cunningham, Richard P., 1360 Bruschi, Mireille, 220 5230 Clarke, Bradley R., 1420 Cunningham, Suzanne J., 3199 Brusilow, William S. A., 407 Cashel, Michael, 3901 Claverys, Jean-Pierre, 7196 Curci, Kristina, 4820 Brzoska, Pius M., 3235 Cassidy, Patrick J., 5564 Cleary, Joseph M., 7519 Curry, Jane, 1770 Bubert, Andreas, 4668 Castilho, Beatriz A., 1339 Clegg, Steven, 916 Curtis, Stephanie E., 5778 Buchanan, Bob B., 1821 Cauchois, L., 4637, 4893, Clejan, Sanda, 1331, 7750 Cussac, Valerie, 1920 Buchanan, Christine E., 1807 6058, 6066, 6074 Clemans, Daniel L., 6749 Cutting, Simon, 2915 Bucher, Roberto, 7416 Cavard, Danide, 191 Clements, David, 1073 Czeczot, Hanna, 3419 Buckingham, Richard H., Cavicchioli, R., 3265 Clements, K. D., 5359 3635 Cegielska, Aleksandra, 741 Clewell, Don B., 7136 da Costa e Silva, Oswaldo, Buckman, Carol, 1004 Cerbelaud, Edith, 6694 Close, Sheila M., 5449 463 Buckmiller, Lisa M., 2017 Chai, Tuu-Jyi, 5631, 6303 Clyman, Jonathan, 1360 Dahl, Michael K., 2539 Buede, Rebecca, 4325 Chakrabarty, A. M., 4717 Cobbett, C., 5079 Dai, Dexi, 893 Buikema, William J., 1879 Chalamish, 5., 7021 Cohen, F. 5., 2927 Dai, Kang, 3500 Buisson, Jean-Pierre, 4493 Chambers, Judith A., 3966 Cohen, Jodi L., 4271 Dairi, Tohru, 7004 Buivids, Ilze A., 2581 Chambost, J. P., 1765 Cohen, Seth P., 5532 Dale, Emily C., 37 Bullivant, 5., 5359 Chamorro, D., 910 Cohen, Stanley N., 1478 Dallas, Walter 5., 7029 Burgers, Peter M. J., 6807 Champetier, Serge, 4493 Colbeau, Annette, 5928 Danaher, Robert J., 7896 Burgess, Richard, 3901 Champine, James E., 2704 Cole, Stewart T., 5431 Danchin, A., 727 Burgner, John W., 903 Chan, Yiu-Kwok, 365 Coleman, Rebecca H., 4124 Danchin, Antoine, 6265 Burini, J. F., 3814 Chance, Christina M., 6749 Collins, L. Vincent, 2521 Daniel, James B., 5060 Burr, Thomas J., 6547 Chang, Chun-Huey, 3463 Collins, Mary Lynne Perille, D'Ari, Richard, 5396 Burnis, Robert H., 6903 Chang, Ming, 1590 5712 Das~arma, Shiladitya, 1958 Bush, Gay, 7741 Chang, Yung-Fu, 5151 Collinson, S. Karen, 4765, Dattananda, C. 5., 7481 Bussey, Howard, 6859 Chapman, Kenneth, 5371 4773 Daugherty, Jon R., 255, 4977, Bustos, Silvia A. 7525 Charbit, Alain, 262r Collmer, Alan, 4310 6547 7186I VOL. 173, 1991 AUTHOR INDEX iii

Davies, Julian, 6705 Dharmalingam, K., 2707 Egert, Michael, 7340 Febbroriello, Peter, 6270 Ddvila, Guillermo, 1344, 2411, Dharmavaram, Rita, 2131 Eggeling, Lothar, 4510 Feiss, Michael, 2733 2435, 3035 Diaz, Margarita, 3456 Eggen, Rik I. L., 2425, 3700, Feidhaus, Michael J., 4540 Davis, Elaine 0., 5653 Dicker, Ira B., 334 6383 Feng, Teng-Yung, 5924 Davis, Michael A., 3630 Dickson, B., 5079 Eggertsson, Gudmundur, 94, Fernandez de Henestrosa, Dayananda, Siddavattam, Dickson, Robert C., 4325 412, 3408 Antoni R., 404 3252 Diderichsen, Borge, 559 Ehrhardt, David, 2751 Ferone, Robert, 7029 Dayn, Andrey, 2658 Diederich, Ludger, 73 Ehrlich, S. Dusko, 7695 Ferran, Claudia, 449 Dazzo, Frank B., 5371 Diekert, Gabriele, 1414 Ehrmann, Ingrid E., 720 Ferry, James G., 929, 2481 Dean, Dennis R., 3041 Dietrichs, D., 5983 Eichenlaub, Rudolf, 184, 6499 Fessner, Wolf-Dieter, 5144 De Backer, Olivier, 1321, 1328 Dietrichs, Daniel, 1509 Eijsink, Vincent G. H., 4107 Feutrier, Josiane Y., 3894 Deboeck, F., 3366 Dfez, Bruno, 2354 Eikmanns, Bernhard J., 3228 Fiebig, Klaus, 978 De Boer, Thon, 6948 Dillard, Joseph P., 5105 Eisenberg, R. C., 4700 Fiechter, Armin, 4212 Debussche, L., 6066, 6074 Dion, Patrice, 2833 Eisenstadt, Eric, 3587 Fierer, Joshua, 6783 Debussche, Laurent, 6046, DiRienzo, Joseph M., 449 Eisenstein, Barry I., 5298, Fierobe, H.-P., 7956 6052, 6300 Djordjevic, Michael A., 2791 5308 Figurski, David H., 3463 Decaris, Bernard, 4229 D'mello, Noel P., 6709 Elkins, Christopher, 3911 Fillingame, Robert H., 2639 DeCruz, E., 2707 Doares, Steven H., 1080 Ellen, Richard P., 2581, 5266 Filutowicz, Marcin, 1279 De Feyter, Robert, 6421 Doi, Roy H., 7050 Elliott, Thomas, 4144 Finan, Turlough M., 3981 DeFrank, Joseph J., 1938 Doig, Peter, 5663 Ely, Bert, 1259 Finch, Lloyd R., 2768 DeGrazia, Henry, 6678 Dolan, Katherine M., 6605, Emery, Herschell 5., 401 Finke, Andreas, 4088 De Greve, H., 3366 7092 Emody, Levente, 477 Finkelstein, Richard A., 3311 Deguchi, Hiroyuki, 636 Donohue, Timothy J., 3949, Emory, Sheri A., 4578 Fiora, M. G., 3580 De Henestrosa, Antoni R. 3958 Emptage, Mark H., 7106 Fischer, Hans-Martin, 1125, Fernandez, 7736 Dosch, Donald C., 687 Endres, Robert 0., 4195 3478 de Jonge, Boudewijn L. M., Dougherty, Thomas J., 2800 Enequist, Hans G., 4107 Fischer, Peter, 1932 1105 Downer, H. L., 2271 Engel, Henk, 6773 Fischer, Roland, 3709 Dekker, Koen, 3078 Downs, Diana M., 6597 Engelhardt, Harald, 4182 Fisher, Susan H., 23, 7351 de la Cruz, Norberto, 4570 Drew, Robert, 4914 Engesser, Karl-Heinrich, 1932 FitzJames, P. C., 6618 de las Pefias, Alejandro, 1250 Drews, Gerhart, 5336 English, R. 5., 1565 Fjaervik, Espen, 7042 de la Tour, Claire Bouthier, Dri, Anna-Maria, 2852 Enomoto, Masatoshi, 4079 Flaherty, David, 6279, 6289 3921 Drlica, Karl, 3914 Entian, Karl-Dieter, 2045 Flannagan, Susan E., 7136 Delaunay, Anne-Marie, 2712 Droux, Michel, 1821 Epstein, Wolfgang, 687 Florencio, Francisco J., 4095 Drummond, Martin, 7741 Erdmann, Volker A., 2681 del Carmen Rodrfguez-Sdinz,9 Flores, Margarita, 2411 Maria,7018 ~ Drummond, Robert J.,9 6849 Errington, Jeffery, 3159FosegAk,10 deMastill, Ignci18 32492 D'Souza, Marian R., 2608 Errington, Jeffrey, 1911 Fortberre, Patic, 3921 del CouriJea, 4526i, Dubnau, D., 5685, 7275 Erskine, Deborah, 6279, 6289 Fosterr,JohniW., 5912,69 Delcouse, Arelle, 3374 Dubnau, Eugenie, 521 Esaki, Nobuyoshi, 394 Foulds, John W,5612966 ede ecauste, Herm inia, 1105 Duck, L. Wayne, 4263 Esberg, K. Birgitta, 1757 Fragas,Dean, 2639 de Lepelaire,Pheiipp,2160 Duflot, Edith, 6265 Escalante-Semerena, Jorge C., Fraimo, Heanry 5.,280 DellisStePhailpe,21279 Duguet, Michel, 3921 5168 Franmos, VinentyS,58097 Dumay, Valdrie, 6265 Eschenlauer, Arthur C., 5024 deDelong,SedwardiF,F, 4371 Frank,Frankoi,DaraeW.,6088966 LourLoredesGiardiad Maria Dunkley, Eugene A., Jr., Esmon, Brent, 2141 Rainer,1508,60 134 af,1331, 7750 Espinosa-Urgel, Manuel, 4482 Frankun, Cifton V.,455 DeveEuee4.458 Dunny, Gary M., 7650, 7665 Esteve, Isabel, 99 Franzan,Thierry, 687455 DelMaag, Ruudn A., 3177 Dunyak, Donna 5., 234 Evans, David J., 547Fraser G.hiry,GJ6101 de Mendoz,Rudiego, 4240 Duong, Franck, 5290 Everett, Karin D. E., 3821 Fraedrike, , 9100 deMenoss,JohngA,33403 Dupont, Claude, 4318, 4618 Expert, Dominique, 6874 Frenchse,SaahL, 6647 Demple, BruceA,4330 Dupuy, Bruno, 7589 Ezaki, Bunichi, 6643 Freundlch, MartinL, 5800 Dempsey, Jo Ann F., 5476 Fried, Michael G., 59 Demuyter, Philippe, 4229 Duiran, PeterAnele,4345 Fahrner, Karen A., 933 Friedman, David I., 1485 Durren, 57 Denariaz, Gerard, 2498 Dutton, GuityG.5,443.2567 Fairchild, Craig D., 2985 Friedrich, Barbel, 1845 den Blaauwen, Tanneke, 5740 Duzhyi,DMaritr,26589 Fajardo-Cavazos, Patricia, Friedrich, Cornelius G., 7340 Deonier, Richard C., 1012 Dwokin Mri,64,74,76, 2011, 7867 Friesen, James D., 3291 de Pedro, Miguel A., 4530, 7810 Falcone, Deane L., 2099 Frijters, Adri C. J., 3700 5346 aren 688968 Falkow, Stanley, 2385 Frisby, Dennis, 7557 Dwyer-St,Maureen, 42 Deretic, V., 5136 Dyl-SihMche7L,64, Fallik, Elazar, 365 Fritsche, Stefan, 1125 De Reuse, 727 Famechon, A., 6066 Fromant, Michel, 5275, 7903 H.,9 3807zn 27 Derman, Alan I., 7719 DyhieDneDnelE,. 27 Famechon, Alain, 6052 Frost, Laura 5., 7728 de Rouvroit, Catherine Fan, Huizhou, 6670 Frustaci, Jana M., 1145 Lambert, 4994 Eardly, B. D.,9 2271 Fang, Ferric C., 5861, 6783 Fry, Ilona J., 2506 Der Vartanian, Maurice, 7673 East, P. D., 3265 Faraldo, Maria Luisa M., 5346 Fu, Y.-H. Florence, 1012 Desmet, Lucie, 6578 Eaton, Richard W., 1215, 1363 Farewell, A., 5188, 6168 Fuchs, Georg, 5494 DeTiani, Mariastella, 2006 Ebeling, Sabine, 6373 Farrds, Jaumne, 3199 Fuhrer, Douglas K., 7443 Deutscher, Murray P., 1376, Eberz, Guinther, 1845 Farwell, Mary A., 3514 Fujii, Yoshio, 5516 5589 Echols, Harrison, 6307 Fasch, Evelyn-V., 2026 Fujita, Yoshihiko, 7055, 7059 Deutzmann, Rainer, 1452 Eddy, C. K.,- 245 Fasciano, Antonio, 5893 Fujitani, Shoji, 2125 iv AUTHOR INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Gabriel, Dean W., 6421 Glisin, Vladimir, 906 Gross, David S., 7429 Hand, Arthur R., 1642 Galimand, Marc, 1598 Glufka, R., 7988 Gross, Dennis C., 5784 Hansberg, Wilhelm, 3243 Galizzi, A., 3573, 3580, 3584 Gobel, Ulf B., 1452 Grossman, Alan D., 1388, Hansen, Flemming G., 5194, Galli, Dominique, 3029 Godchaux, Walter, III, 7534, 1770 5200 Gallo, Jean C., 7650, 7665 7607 Grossman, Arthur R., 2739, Hansen, J. Norman, 7387 Gaily, David L., 2548 Goebel, Werner, 4668, 5159 2751, 4297 Hansson, Mats, 2590 Gdlvez, Antonio, 886 Goitein, David, 6297 Grubmeyer, Charles Timmis, Hara, Hiroshi, 4799 Gambello, Michael J., 3000 Gold, Marvin, 5086 536 Haraguchi, Gayle E., 5699 Gamper, Marianne, 1598, 4742 Gold, Michael H., 345, 4101 Grund, Martin, 6499 Harayama, Shigeaki, 1690, Gao, Jiaguo, 394, 3763 Goldberg, Alfred L., 7249 Grundy, Frank J., 4595 5385, 7219, 7540 Garcia, Emilio, 7741 Goldberg, Edward B., 6553 Gudmundsdottir, Agusta, 5639 Harcourt, Arlette A., 5315 Garcia, Gregory E., 2093 Golden, James W., 7098 Guerry, Patricia, 4757 Hardesty, Cynthia, 449 Garcfa de los Santos, Golden, Susan S., 7525 Guespin-Michel, J. F., 3814 Harding, Nancy E., 7519 Alejandro, 1344 Golding, Amit, 6294 Guffanti, Arthur A., 1331, Hardman, John K., 1886 Garcia del Portillo, Francisco, Goldstein, Stuart F., 4820 1686 Harms, Etti, 2341 4530 Gollnick, P., 3231 Guigi, B., 3814 Harms, Etti H., 6446 Garcia-Gonzalez, M. Dolores, Gollnick, Paul, 6009 Guglielmi, G., 7374, 7382 Harms, Nellie, 6948, 6962, 2451 Gollop, Natan, 2265 Guidolin, Angelo, 6438 6971 Gardner, Jeffrey F., 609, 5954 Gollop, Rachel, 3597 Guilhot, C., 6058 Harriott, Olivia T., 2061 Garges, Susan, 2319, 6294 Gomez-Eichelmann, M. Guillen, Nancy, 7084 Harris, R., 1623 Gamnier, Thierry, 5431 Carmen, 7692 Guillou, C., 3814 Hartmann, Roland K., 2681 Garrett, Roger A., 3559 Goncharoff, Paul, 3463 Guiney, D. G., 574Hartnett, Christopher, 5385 Garriga, Xavier, 7345 Gonzdilez, Ram6n, 7705 Guiney, Donald G., 5239, Hartzell, Patricia, 7615, 7625 Gasc, Anne-Marie, 7361 Gonzdlez-Pastor, Jos6 E., 6783 Harwood, Caroline 5., 3756 Gassmann, Gabriele 5., 1452 3924 Gulig, Paul A., 7176 Harwood, Colin R., 2548 Gaudin, C., 7956 Goodell, A., 751 Gumport, Richard I. 60, Hase, Claudia C., 3311 Gaudin, Helen, 5648 Goodell, E. W., 751 594Hasegawa, Mamoru, 7004 Gaur, Nand Kishore, 678 Goodgal, Sol, 7361 Gunsalus, Robert P., 5352 Haselkorn, R., 2442 Gavini, Narasaiah, 4904 Goodgal, Sol H., 4675, 4683 Guo, Hwai-Chen, 1554 Haselkorn, Robert, 1879, Gawron-Burke, Cynthia, 3966 Goodman, Steven D., 5921 Gupta, Ramesh, 3138 2729, 3446 Gaynor, Paulette M., 6124 Goodwin, Matina St. Mary, Gussin, Gary N., 394, 3763 Hashimoto, Eri, 7004 Gazeau, Myriam, 7903 720 Gustafson, Ann, 1807 Hashizume, Takeshi, 3138 Geerligs, Gabriele, 1414 Goodwin, Steve, 2704 Gustafsson, Claes, 1757 Hassani, Morad, 1965 Geerling, Ans C. M., 6383 Goosen-de Roo, Leentje, 3177 Gustin, Anne, 4994 Hastings, John W., 7491 Gehring, Kalle, 1873 Gormley, Eamonn P., 6705 Guti~rrez, Santiago, 2354 Hasty, David L., 4195 Geiger, Otto, 2872, 3021 Gorski, Lisa, 7534 Gutman, Pablo D., 2137, 6110 Hatch, Thomas P., 3821 Geller, B. L., 6095 Gortz, Hans-Dieter, 4842 1738 Hatter, Kenneth, 3109 Gelvin, Stanton B., 903, 5110 Gosalbes, Marfa J., 7705 GzoJen520Hauser,Gutnic, Deavi, P. M., 3580 Gennis, Robert B., 6174 Gotschlich, Emil C., 5793 Hausler, Alex, 3531 Gennity, Joseph, 1997 Gotta, Susan L., 6647 Haandrikman, Alfred J., 4517 Hayakawa, Takahiko, 1690 Gentry, Daniel, 3901 Gottesman, Max, 1670 Haas, Albert, 5159 Hayashi, Kenshi, 7834 Georgiou, George, 26% Gottesman, Susan, 1738 Haas, Dieter, 1598, 4742 Hayashi, Mitsuo, 5516 Georgopoulos, Costa, 741, Goulbourne, P. Andrew, 5266 Haas, Elizabeth 5., 3855 Hays, John B., 6469 5763, 5999 Gourse, Richard L., 6249 Hachler, Herbert, 5532 Hazelaar, Marten J., 6948 Gerbl-Rieger, Susanne, 21% Govezensky, David, 6339 Hackett, Jim, 2521 Hazelbauer, Gerald L., 5837 Gerhold, David, 5371 Gowrishankar, J., 7481 Hackett, Neil R., 955 He, Sheng Yang, 4310 Gerlach, Gerald-F., 916 Graack, Hanns-Ruidiger, 4013 Hackstadt, Ted, 7046 He, Xiao-Song, 7050 Gerlach, Petra, 5419 Graham, L. L., 1623 Hageman, James H., 2506 Heatwole, Virginia M., 108, Gest, Howard, 4163, 5502 Gralla, Edith Butler, 5918 Hagervall, Tord G., 1757 3601 Gesteland, Raymond F., 6998 Gramajo, Hugo C., 6475 Haggi.rd-Ljungquist, Hebert, Anne M., 3224 Geuskens, Vincent, 6578 Grandguillot, Michel, 7219 Elisabeth, 3673 Hecht, David W., 7471 Ghangas, Gurdev 5., 3397 Grasso, Daniel H., 7756 Hahn, Donald R., 3770, 5573 Hederstedt, Lars, 2590 Gibert, Isidre, 404 Grau, Roberto, 4240 Hahn, J., 7275 Heider, Johann, 4983 Gibson, B. W., 2823 Gray, Gary J., 1663 Haines, Michael A., 53% Hemn, Silke, 4056 Gibson, David T., 3010, 3017 Gray, James X., 3066 Hikansson, Sebastian, 1607 Heinemann, Udo, 3191 Gielow, Annette, 73 Gray, Mary C., 720 Hakenbeck, Regine, 6986 Heitman, J., 2707 Giladi, Hilla, 6297 Green, Laura, 2751 Hakura, Atsushi, 1051, 3663 Hejna, James, 906 Gilbert, M. Pearce, 3966, 5280 Green, Louis, 7257 Haldenwang, William G., 7821 Helinski, Donald R., 5861 Gilboa, H., 7021 Green, Reza, 627 Halevy, Ilana, 4155 Heller, Knut J., 1287 Gilchrist, Angus, 921 Greenberg, E. P., 541, 1357 Hall, Holly K., 5129 Hellio, F., 3814 Gilkes, N. R., 308, 7126 Greenberg, Jean T., 4433 Hallenbeck, Patrick C., 5893 Helmer, Georgia L., 687 Gillen, Karen L., 2301, 6453 Greenberg, Miriam L., 6124, Hallet, Bernard, 4526 Hemschemeier, Susanne, 6499 Gillevet, Patrick, 2131 6132 Halling, Conrad, 37 Hengge-Aronis, Regine, 4474, Gimenez, Rosa, 5144 Greener, Tsvika, 6339 Haluzi, Hadara, 6297 7918 Girard, Maria de Lourdes, Greenman, James B., 2800 Hamajima, Kenji, 6153 Hengstenberg, Wolfgang, 3709 3035 Griffiss, J. M., 2823 Hamann, Angela, 3170 Henick-Kling, Thomas, 6199 G~irard, Mara de Louirdpes Grimmaud Wrkgs 65'78 Hammond, Gail G., 5564 H4enikoff, Steven, 5224 VOL. 173, 1991 AUTHOR INDEX v

Hermnndez-Chico, Hotte, Barbara, 1502 Ito, Kazutoshi, 1824 Kamath-Loeb, Ashwini S., Concepci6n, 7018 Hotter, Grant S., 851 Ito, Koichi, 1492 3904 Herrmann, J. L., 7582 Hottinger, H., 1951 Iwami, Morita, 7848 Kamdar, Haresh V., 1073 Herrmann, Klaus M., 3930 Hovmoller, Sven, 2576 Iwasaki, Hiroshi, 5747 Kamio, Yoshiyuki, 1824 Hesman, Tina L., 3215 Howard, Jane L., 7464 Iwashima, Akio, 2716 Kanatani, Akio, 2173 Hespell, R. B., 6101 Howard, S. Peter, 1241 Izaki, Kazuo, 1824 Kaneko, Jun, 1824 Hessner, Martin J., 5712 Howe, Martha M., 6568 JbosiPerE.241Kaneko, Yoshinobu, 2716 Hewlett, Erik L., 720 Hoyle, B. D., 6558 Kang, Wonkyung, 4013 6844 Jablsonsk, PEther E., 24781 Heyne, Ren6 I. R., 791 Hoyt, Jeffrey C., Jackson-a,Etelan.,tte2278 6 Ko hitpe hn,74 Hiatt, William R., 5260 Hrabak, Estelle M., 5371 Jeanett 276 Kao, ChrMistpe Cheng, 7841 Monika 5876 Jackbso n-Ya, Hibler, N. S., 5136 Hryniewicz, M., Jacobs, Ennoa 1452 .,691 KaoaSu-Meii765, 74665 Hicks, David B., 5010 HseL-Sa,317JcbWila7.2J. 91 Kapplan, OHeidaB, 4146 Hicks, James B., 842, 7436 Hsu, Cecilia L., 7024 772Kappheri, OthmarJ,4212 Hidaka,M.,391 ~Hsu, Pei-Young, 3303 Jacobson, Eric S., 401KaceSsnJ,51 Hidalgo, Eln,61.Haav,382 Jacoby, Gertrude H., 1 Karkhoff-Schweizer, Roxann Hiemstra, Jill, 896 Huang, Cheng J., 1544 Jagannadam,,MediharlalV..R.,5613 Higashi, Akihisa, 2644 Huang, Lin, 5800 791Karls,Michael R., 5315,16 Higashi, Hideaki, 2173 Huang, Yan, 457 Jagielo, Ted J., 7471 Kars, Jeffareyt5, 721,16 Higashitani, Atsushi, 4799 Huault, Claude, 2712 Jagura-Burdzy, Grazyna, 826 Krw agrt 4 Higgins, Michael L., 5396 Hubbell, Susan, 6124 Jahn, Dieter, 3408 Kasahara, Megumi, 549, 6760 Higgins, N. Patrick, 6568, Huber, Robert, 3921 James, Bryan D., 3855 Kataoka, Masakazu, 4220, 6578 Huibner, Philipp, 2993 Jann, Barbara, 4088 7975 HildebrandMark, 5924Hudson, J. Michael, 59 Jann, Klaus, 4088 Katayama, Yoshihiro, 7950 Hill,Cohn,4363 ~Hue, Kim K., 3732 Janssen, Dick B., 124, 7925 Kato, Keijiro, 989 Hillier,lanJ.,768Hughs, Diarmid, 3635Jany, Christine 5., 3966 Kato, Nobuo, 55 HindleyJohn,276 Hughs, Kell T., 231, 6453 Jap, Bing K.,9 1873 Kauc, Leszek, 7361 Hindley,Johnughe,,Ptrik,7194Jarosik, Gregory P., 860 Kaul, Ravi, 1663, 2818 Hinnebusch,J.HuiFracis7233372Jarrell, K. F., 7113 Kaushal, Varsha, 7875 Hinnen, A.,9 3539 M., hina, 95 Hiom, K., 7368 Hull,HuillFrancis,Richard A., 372,5699JarlKnehF,32Kwihny,75 Hiraga, Sota, 6643 Hull, Sheila I., 5699 Jazwinski, S. Michal, 6709 Kawamoto, Susumu, 6153 Hirshfield, Irvin N., 1965 Hunt,-Dirk A, 3855 Jelen, Amy, 3966 Kawamukai, Makoto, 2644 Hirvas, Laura, 1223 Hutchinson, C. Richard, 6475 Jenkins, Darlene E., 1992 Kawamura, Fujio, 2625 Hitotsubashi, Shunji, 5516 Huitter, Ralf, 3531, 6325 Jensen, H. B., 900 Kawasaki, Yasuo, 1064 Ho, Chao, 5604 Hwa, Vivian, 4540 Jensen, Kaj Frank, 1168 Kawasaki, Yuko, 2716 Hobot, Jan A., 961 Hylemon, Phillip B., 4558 Jerez, C. A., 910 Kawata, Mutsumi, 5507 Hocart, Charles H., 3138 Hynes, S. H., 2244 Jiang, Bo, 1241 Kawazoe, Ryoh, 5470 Hoch, James A.,9 2514 Jochimsen, Bjarne U., 4897 Kawula, Thomas H., 4116 HochbergM M.L.,751 Ibbtson, Jon P., 86,86 11111 Jock, Susanne, 6038 Kay, William W.,9 4765, 4773 Hofmanbirgi, 48367e5piLuios, 7519. Joerger, Rolf D., 4440 Kaye, Susan', 6088 Hofmnung, Maurgice, 2862 Iglewsi, BarbarH.,5000a .,300 Johansen, R., 3149' Kayser, Fritz H., 7416 Hohmnun,Matefan, 7963 6088k,6460 John, C. M.,9 2823 Kazarimoto, Takumi, 7458 Hollingsot, R.efIn, 2155 Ikda Masato,410 2 Johnson, Douglas I., 3930 Kazemier, Bert, 6773 Hollingsworth, I., Ikeda, Johnson, Gary, HollinsworthRawlRawleI.,2537571 Ikea, TimMsTim,1801Johnson,18021 John L.,2733KesigJ.D,273041 Keatling, CrlJ.,D52073 Holmes, Melissa L., 642, 3807 Ikemizu, Shoichi, 4079 Johnson, Karin E., 6844 Keckin,W aolfgang,6277 Holmes, R. K., 1151 Ilag, Lawrence L., 3408kJohsongKeneth,6749 Holo, Helge, 3879, 7934 Mling, Nicola, 3159 Johnson, Reid C., 4027, 4032 Keen, N. T., 301 Holst, Otto, 1862 Ilmae, Yasuo, 1120 Johnson, Timothy B., 3966 Keener, John, 4482 Holt, S. C.,9 6935 Imai, Ryozo, 6811 Johnston, Gerald C., 2556 Keister, Donald L.,9 7887 Holt, Stanley C., 7330 Imanaka, Hiroshi, 7848 JnsA.M,24Kelleher, J. E., 5220 Holt, T. G., 4454 Imanaka, Tadayuki, 6147 Jones, C. Hal, 7284 Kellenberger, E., 3149 Holtje, Joachim-Volker, 3425, Impellizzeri, Kimberly J., Jones, D.avilT, 10828 Kellermann, Josef, 21% 5668 6807 Jones, George H., 2297 Kelley, Philip M., 229 Homma, Michio, 3564 Inami, Sumako, 6153 JnsInK 295Kelly, Alan J., 5732 Honek, John F., 1035 Inamine, Julia M., 6991 Kly ehL,63 Honeycutt, Rhonda J., 704, Inamoto, Susumu, 6347 Jones, Robert,54957 Kelly, Karen 5., 2297 5173 Inbar, L., 7790 Jorgense, Steent,5459 Keltjens, Jan T., 2283 Hong, Soon-Kwang, 2311 Ingraham, John L., 540 Jorgnvaln,Haens,3673 Kemp, E. H., 4646 Honma, Mamoru, 5260 Ingram, L. 0., 245, 5975 Jovanovi, Goans, 9067 Kemp, Priscilla, 6507 Hook, Magnus, 495, 4263 Inokuchi, Hachiro, 1813 JuvngvElys D.ra,397 Ken, Ruey, 955 Hooper, David C., 5854 Inoue, Chihiro, 7313 Jung, HaisKwa, 1021 Kengen, Servd W. M., 2283 Hopper, David J., 1298 Inoue, Naoki, 1208JussLynM,24K ne ,Chita,71 Horinouchi, Sueharu, 2311, Inouye, Masayori, 601, 1997,9 usLn . 3 Kennedy, ChristnaP, 27741 2465, 7070 3597, 3749, 4171, 5363, 6882 Kadam, S. K.,9 7151 3021 Horiuchi, Kensuke, 3209 Inouye, Sumiko, 2125, 3597, Kadner, Robert J., 5639 Kennell, David, 4653 Horiuchi, T., 391 4171, 5363 Kado, Clarence I., 2608, 5449 Kenney, Teresa J., 3282 Horn, Virginia, 6009 Ippen-1hler, Karin, 3872 Kagawa, Hiroaki, 989 Kerr, Allen, 1867 Horng, Jason 5., 7573 Ireton, Keith, 1388 Ka'inz, Mark, 1554 Kersten, Helgya, 2256 vi AUTHOR INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Khachatourians, George G., Konings, Wil N., 791, 6030, Kybstib, Sirkka R. M., 6537 Leveau, Johan H. J., 3700 472 7934 Ltv6que, Frangoise, 7903 Khairaliah, Lamia, 2061 Konisky, Jordan, 2131, 3414 LaegSre 50Lever)y, Steven B., 3066 Khan, I-mran Humnayun, 2888 Konno, Yukari, .1824 LainAus 90Leviton, Ira M., 2800 Khan, Saleem A.', 1827 Kooistra, Jan' 364aicisiW. 5 Levy, Stuart B., 4503, 5532 Khan, Shahid, 2888 Koppel, Dennis E., 6270 Labischinski, Harald, 3507 Levy-Mustri, Alicia, 7692 Kido, No'buo', 55 Korber, D. R., 6558 Lacks, Sanford A., 283 Levy-Schil, 5., 6058, 6074 Kidweli, J. P., 4188 Kordel, Marianne, 4836 Lacy, George H., 6537 Lewis-Henderson, W-endy R., Kilburn, D. G., 308, 7126 Kornbluni John, 6313 Laddaga, Richard A., 5234 2791 Kiley, Patricia J., 16 Kornitzer, Daniel, 810, 2944 Laffan, John, 7732 Li, Zhu Juan, 6568 Kitic, Ali 0., 1617 Kortstee, Gerard J. J., 6484 Lai, Mei-Chin, 5352 Liang, Jihong, 6903 Kim, Augustine Y., 530 Kose-Terai, Kumiko, 1855 Laible, Gbtz, 6986 Liao, Ching-Hsing, 4386 Kim, Dennis Y.', 4049 Kosier, Bob, 1502 Laiz, Leonila, 6258 Lidstrom, Mary E., 5901, Kim, Hyosuk, 3993 Koski, Pertti, 1223, 3695 Lalucat, Jordi, 997 5909, 7228 Kim, J. J., 2823 Kosma, Paul, 1862 Lam, Joseph 5., 5624 Liebke, Hope, 6242 Kim, Scung K., 1722 Kb'ster, W'Olfag 5639 Lambert, Bernard, 3419 Liebke, Hope H.,9 6249 Kim, So'o-Ki, 2665 Kostrzynska, Magdalena, 505, Lamed, Raphael1, 4155' Lies, Douglas P., 6903 Kim, Yung-Jin, 5539 937 Lamping, Erwin, 6432 Ligbtfoot, Jeff, 5624~ Kimsey, IHanvey H., 6790 Kosuge, Tsune, 463 Larnpson, Bert C., 5363 Lightfoot, Richard, 7723 Kinashi, Haruyasu, 1523 Ko'sunen, Timo U., 618 Landry', David, 7059 Lim, Pyung-Ok, 2128 Kinscherf, Thomas G., 4124 Kothakota, Srinivas, 1958 Lane, David J., 697, 2250 Lim, Woon Ki, 1886 Kitagawa,- Masanari, 4247 Kotik, -Michael, 5017 Lang, Jean D., 2729 Limberger, Ronald J., 4820 Kitakawa, Madoka, 4013 Kotova, Vera U., 5887 Lange, Roland, -4474, 7918 Lin, E. C. C., 6118, 8069l Kito, Morikazu, 2311 Kovacevic, Steven, 398, 6223 Langford, Paul R., 7449 Lin,, Hung-Chi, 6849 Kjelleberg', Staffan, '5054 Koval, S. F., 2244 Lantz, Marilyn 5., 495, 4263 Lin, Janine T., 4417 Klaenhammer, T.' R., 1779 Kovari, Ladislau Z., 6332 Lao, Guifang, 3397 Lin, Xu Shenig, 2173 Klaenhammer, Todd R., 4363, Kowalaik, Jeffrey A., 3138 Lapidot, A., 7790 Lina, R. Andrea, 6124 7599 Kozloff, L. M., 2053, 6515, Lapointe, Jerome P., 2017 Linderoth, Nona A., 6722 Kinuke, Barbel, 1502 6528 LaPorte, David C., 1801 Lindqvist, Bjdrn H., 6927 Kiebba, Phillip E., 5964 Krauel, Verena, 1287 Larimer, Frank W.', 7024 Lindsey,' George G., 4203, Klein', Wolfgag, 7918 Krause, Duncan C., 1041 Laroche, Marc, 6859 6732 Klier, Andre, 2366 Krause, M.', 5754 La Roche, Salome D., 6714 Lindstrbm, Par H. R., 1757 Klier, Andr6, 3374 Krause, Martin, 6783 Larson, Thomas G., 4675, Lingens, Franz, 1530 Klig, Lisa S., 2006 Kredich, Nicholas M., 325, '4683 Lintermans, P. F., 3366 Klingmnflller, Walter, 3252 2212, 5876 Larson, Timothy J., 101 Lipinska, Barbara, 5763 Klotsky, Robin-Ann, 3888 Kreft, Jflrgen, 5159 Laudenbach, David E., 2739, LiPuima, John J., 1561 Klug, Gabriele, 1478, 6038 Kretz, P. L., 2707, 4707 2751 Liras, Paloma, 2451, 6258 Kluttig; Stefanie, 3170 Kreutzer, Rolanid, 3252 Lauer, Gail, 5047 Litaker, Wayne, 5476 Knackmuss, Hans--Joachim, Krishnan, B. Rajendra, 896 Laval,'Jacques, 3419 Liu, Dan, 4814 1932, 3795 Krishnan, M., 903 Lawley, B., 5068, 5079 ]Liu, Jingdong, 4941 Knobel, Hansruedi, 1125 Kroh, Helen E., 2691 Lawman, P., 7423 Liu, Jinsong, 7063' Knoop, Volker, 7142 Kroll, J. Simon, 7449 Lawrence, J. R., 6558 Liu, Lin,) 3864 Kobayasbi', D. Y., 301 Krook, Maria, 3673' Lazarus, Robert A., 6651 Liu', Wei, 7387 Kobayashi, Hirokazu, 5224 Krop'inski,. Andrew M., 3224 Lazdunski, Andree, 5290 Liveris, Dionysios, 3888 Kobayashi, Michihiko, 2465 Kriiger, Niels, 168, 4056, 5843 Lazdunski, Andrte, 479 Lloyd, Robert G., 1004, 5414, Kbbayashi, T., 391' Krulwich, Terry A., 1331, Leadbetter, Edward R., 7534, 5694, 6837, 7711 Koby, Simi, 6297 1686 7607 Lo, Reggie Y. C., 5597 Koch, Andreas K., 4212 Krulwich, Terry Ann, 7750 Leadlay Peter F., 4379 Locher, Hans H., 3741 Kodaki,' Tsutomu, 7992 Krzycki, Joseph A., 5439 Leblond, Pierre, 4229 Loewen, Peter C., 514 Kodarna, Takao, 989 Kuan, Chien-Tsun, 6406' Leco, Pamela A., 514 Logan, Susan M4., 505, 4757 Koeuth, Thearith, 1268 Kuhm, Andrea E., 3795 LeDeaux, John R., 138$ Lombardo, Mary-Jane, 7511 Kofoid, Eric C., 2116 Kflhnau, Sabine, 2180 Lee, Barry T. 0., 6742 Long, Sharon R., 3060, 5822 Kogoma, T-okio, 4736 Kukel, Allen, 5924 Lee, Chi Chang, 7391 Long, Susan, 426 Kogut, M.., 70.21 Kukor, Jerome J., 4587 Lee, Choong-Sik, 6635 Lory, Stephen, 1175 Kohiyama, Masamichi, 4404, Kulakauskas, Saulius, 8%, Lee, Daisy, 4544 Losicqk, Richard, 2915 5194 2633 Lee', Eunhee C., 609 Lottspeich, Friedrich, 21% Kohler, S. W., 4707 Kullik, Ines, 1125 Lee, Heung' 5., 5406 Louarn, Jacqueline, 5097 Kdh~er, Stephan, 4668 Kumazawa, Joichi, 3257 Lee,' Lan, 1120 Louarn, Jean-Michel, 5097 Kohlrausch, Utz, 3425 Kfindig, Christoph, 6373 Lee, Wilson, 4952 Loutfi, M., 796 Kohlwein, Sepp D., 2026, Kunst, F., 5685 Leenhouts, Kees J., 4794 Loutfi, Mohamed, 220 6432 Kunst, Frak, 2366, 2539 LeGall, Jean, 2498 Love, Paul E., 6489 Kohsaka, Masanobu, 7848 Kunz, Daniel A., 2724 Lehman, Lori J., 5705, 6159 Love, Susan F., 7716 Kojo,Hitoshi,7848 Kurazon'o, Kumi, 2173 Lehherr, Hansrg 6438 Lovett, Michael A., 5585 Kok, Jan, 4517, 4794, 7934 Kuriki, Takashi, 6147 Leigh, John A., 3066, 7391 Lovett, P. 5., 1810 Kolodner, Richard, D., 353 Kurjan, Janet, 627 Leisiniger, Thomas, 3741, Lovett, Paul 5., 7881 Kolte'r, Roberto, 4482, 7549 Kuroda, Akio, 7304 5017, 6714LoetSuaT.35 Komano, Teruya, 2125, 2231, Kurtz. Myra B., 6826 Leitio, Alvaro C., 2562 Low, David A.. 1789 VOL. 173, 1991 AUTHOR INDEX vii

Luder, Gerhild, 3977 Martinez-Salazar, Jaime M., Messner, Paul, 6865 Morimoto, Kazushige, 3663 Ludwig, James R., 5924 3035 Metcalf, William W., 587 Morishita, Takashi, 2406, 4533 Ludwig, Robert A., 2017 MatnseJn 49Mts oe 00Morohoshi, Fumiko, 7834 Lugtenberg, Ben J. J., 3177, Marwan, Wolfgang, 1971 Mettus, Anne-Marie, 1353 Morohoshi, Noriyuki, 7950 4277 Marzocca, Marina P., 7519 Meury, Jean, 4404 Morrison, Donald A., 372 Lujten, Ruud G. M., 4007 Masai, Eiji, 79,50 Meyer, Barbara J., 3523 Mortlock, Robert P., 2459 Lundrigan, Michael D., 5639 Masker, Warren, 869 Meyer, M., 5983 Moshiri, Farhad, 6230 Lunsdorf, Heinrich, 978 Mason, J., 5188 Meyer, Manfred, 1509 Moyed, Harris S., 5732 Luo,Yanan,1012 ~Massidda, Orietta, 4611 Meyer, Richard J. Mo5e5eny314 Lupski,JamsR., 1268Masters, C. Ian, 6110 Michaux, Sylvie, 2219 MaeT,58 Lute,M.,2053 ~~Matin, A., 1992, 4188 Michel, Bdnddicte, 7695MsdkTae,26,53 Lutkenhaus, Joe, 3500 Matsuda, Hideyuki,- 2644 Michel, Valdrie, 262 Muday, Gloria Kressin, 3930 Lyamichev,iktor, 2658Matsuhashi, Michio,'1021 Michel-Briand, Yvon, 7219 MelrCynti,76 Lynes,Michel A., 7607Matsumoto, Te'tsuro, 3257 Micheletti, Pamela A., 3414 Mki uik,50 Matsumura, Tomohiro', 989 Michels, Corinne A., 1817 Muldbry, W.r,18 510 Mabey, LeAnne, 5999 Matsushita, Kazunobu, 3440 Michelsen, Uwe, 94 MleEbr,45 Macaluso, Anthony, 1353 Matsushita, Osamu, 6919 Michiels, Thomas, 1677, 4994 MulrKa-Hiz475 Macellaro, Anna, 1607 Matsushita, Yasuhiko, 4013 Micka, Birgit, 3191 Mac~regor, Barbara J., 3949 Matsutani, Sachiko, 7802 Miller, Charles G., 3554, 7511 MleRdl,13 MacGregor, C. H., 4700, 7204 Matthews, Barbara G., 5239 Miller, James N-., 5585 MliDvdA,11 Mackie, George A., 2488 Matthews, Rowena G., 1729 Miller, James R., 398, 6223 MuvyMiheR.51 Mac~achlan, P. Ronald, 7151 Matthysse, Ann G., 1080, Miller, Judy L., 3554 Munakat, NobuoA, 78341 MacLean', Leann L., 1420 7723 Miller, Karen J., 4271 Munsonm,Mark yA.,6321 Macnab, Robert M., 3564 Mattingly, Stephen J., 487 Miller, Lynette A., 4363 Murakami, TetsuyaJ,555 MacWilliams, Maria P., 609 Maurer, John 1., 487 Miller, Michael H., 2800MuawGereJ,2 Madden, Mark S., 5403 Maurizi, Michael R., 1738 Miller, Oscar L., Jr., 6647 MrymSmyY,15 Maddox, Ian S., 3084 Mayaux, Jean-Franqois, 6694 Miller, R. C., Jr., 308, 7126 Muge, ars,59 Madduri, K., 985 Mayer, H., 2155 Miller, Samuel I., 86 MradHlo,58 Madduri, Krishna, 6223 Mazodier, P., 7374, 7382 Milton, Debra L., 1886 Mraa .M,17 Madhure, Anitha, 5476 McCann, M. P.,9 4188 Min You-Nong, 2378 MrhKnnC,50 Madofi, Jerzy, 6325 McClain, Mark 5., 5298, 5308 Minasi, Lori-Ann, 834 Myambo, Kenneth, 6849 Maeba, P., '7988 McClarty, Grant, 4922, 4932, Mindrinos, Michael N., 575 MyrAa,17 Magee, Thomas R., 4736 6670 Minnemeyer, Susan L., 7723 Mysliwiec, Tami H., 1911 Magill, Nancy, 6270 McCleary, William R., 2141 Minskoff, Stacey A., 6124 Magnuson, Roy, 1770 McClelland, Michael, 5173 Minton, Kenneth W., 2137, Nagai, Hiroko, 2173 Maidhof, Heinrich, 3507 McCloskey, James A., 3138 6110 Nagarajan, Vasantha, 276 Maier, Robert J., 1839, 3993, McCollum, Marianne, 7732 Mirkin, Sergei, 2658 Nagasawa, Toru, 2465 6230 McCormick, Kimberly A., Mishra, Saroj, 80 Nagata, Yuji, 6811 Makino, Kozo, 549, 2665 7240 Misra, Tapan K., 7643 Nagatani, You-ichiro, 3440 Makris, Jdhn C., 6910 McDowall, Alasdair W., 8004 Mitchell, James G., 997 Nagesha, Hadya, 7464 Malamy, Michael H., 7471 McEachern, Michael J., 842, Mittenhuber, Gerhard, 7340 Nair, Gopal, 521 Malkho'syan, Sergei, 2658 7436 Miyagi, Yohei, 6153 Nakai, Yasuharu, 1051 Maloy, Stanley, 211, 783 McEvoy, J. L., 1765 Mizunoe, Yoshimitsu, 3257 Nakamura, Yoshikazu, 1492 Malplica, Carlos A., 2809 McFall, Elizabeth, 1161 Mo, Yin-Yuan, 5784 Nakano, Michiko M., 1770, Malyankar, Uriel, 1827 McGrath, Barbara C., 649, Mochida, Shunji, 2600 5487, 7269 Mandelco, L., 6101 3128, 3134 Mock, Mich~le, 6265 Nakata, Atsuo, 549, 2665, Mandrell, R. E., 2823 McHenney, Margaret A., Mohr, C. D.,9 5136 5747, 6760 Maneewannakul, Kesmanee, 3770, 5578 Moir, A., 4646 Nakhimovsky, Lina, 6270 3872 Mclnroy, Brian., 869 Molenaar, Douwe, 6030 Nanninga, Nanne, 5740, 7684 Maneewannakul, Sumit, 3872 McIntosh, Lee, 2761 Molineux, Ian J., 947, 1536, Nara, Hiromi, 4237 Mankin, Alexander 5., 3559 McIntosh, Mark A., 2035 6507 Nara, Toshifumi, 1120 Maqueda, Mercedes, 886 Mclver, Kevin, 7781 Moller, Peter Lange, 6390 Nassif, Xavier, 2147 Marahiel, Mohamned A., 3191 McKay, Diane L., 5047 Mollet, Beat, 4464 Nathoo, Shyroze, 46 March, Paul E., 2265 McKay, Larry L.', 7573 Monach, Paul A., 4433 Nautiyal, C. Shekhar, 2833 Marchal, Christian., 7589 McKenzie, Timothy, 7732 Monk, Brian C., 6826 Navarro, Alfonso, 7705 Mardis, Michael J., 5732 Meeks, John C., 7324 Montenegro, Eduardo, 2354 Nazaret, Sylvie, 4072 Margolin, William, 5822 Meile, Leo, 5017 Montville, Thomas J., 4411 Neidle, Ellen L., 5385, 7540 Marians, Kenneth J., 6686 Meinke, A., 308, 7126 Moon, Anne L., 382 Nelson, Andrea D., 5060 Marino, Pamela A., 3128 Mej'ean, Vincent, 7196 Moore, Carol Wood, 3605 Nes, Ingolf F., 3879, 7934 Markovitz, Alvin, 655 Mejia, J. P.,9 245 Moore, Robert C., 3615 Neussa, B., 5592 Marri~nan, Jean A., 6826 Mekalanos, John J., 2842 Morag, Ely, 4155 Newcomb, William, 3981 Marrs, Carl F.,9 4000 Meletzus, Dietm'ar, 184 Moran, Anthony P.,9 618 Newman, E. B., 2473 Marshall, Pamela A., 4544 Mellors, Alan, 5597 Moran, Charles P., Jr., 3282, Newton, Austin, 1514, 7283 Martin, Bernard, 7196 Meloche, Michele, 3907 6678, 7828 Ng, Thomas C. N., 407 Martin, Christine, 7673 Mendelson, Itai, 1670, 6297 Moran, Laurie 5., 5207 Ng, Waii-Lap, 1958 Martin, James A., 5778 Mengeritsky, Galina, 6297 Moran, Nancy A., 6321 Ngai, Ka-Leung, 3795 Martin, Juan F. 2451~ Me-ngin-Lecreunlx Donminique,. Morbidnirini1,Hetor R. 4240 Nichols, Brian P. 3680I viii AUTHOR INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Nikam, Savita S., 1161 Onishi, Hideki, 6153 Pelletier, Dale A., 697 Puaoi, Deidre, 2147 Nikawa, Jun-Ichi, 2134, 7992 Ono, Hiroki, 7848 Perego, Marta, 2514 Pugsley, Anthony P., 5523, Niki, HirQn'ori, 6643 Oppenheim, Amos B., 810, Perera, L. P., 1151 7589 Nikolaev, Andrej V., 4088 1670, 2944, 6297 Perez, Pilar, 3456 Pfhler, Alfred, 4510 Nilssen, 0ivind, 3879 Oppenheim, Joel, 678 Perez-Casal, Jose, 2617 Pulakat, Lakshmidevi, 4904 Nilsson, Enrk, 3673 Oppermann, Fred Bernd, 757 Pdrez-Gonz~lez, Jost A., 7705 Pulkkinen, Wendy S., 86 Nilsson, Lena, 5054 Orange, N., 3814 Perlin, David S., 6826 Pum, Dietmar, 6865 Nishibuchi, Mitsuaki, 5036 Ordal, George W., 710, 3584, Pero, Janice, 6889 QFn-i,75 Nishikawa, Seiji, 7950 7443 Perolat, P., 75820 Nishimura, Hiroshi, 2716 Orgambide, Guy, 5371 Pry acl . 40Qik Nishimura, Yukinobu,~4799 Orlova, Elena V., 2576 Perry, Malolmr B.,4172420 hlpG,18,51 Nishiyama, Makoto, 2465 Orme-Johnson, W. H., 929 Ptrosy ln 28QikQuinto, Carmhen,tpe,6612650 Nisioka,Tazo,2231Ondorff, Pal E., 4116Peters, Howard K., III, 7821 Rabinowitz, Jesse C., 67, 3514 Noguchi,N.1810 Ornson, L. Nichlas, 5385, Peters, John W., 929 Radicella, J. Pablo, 1902 Nohmi,Takehiko,1051, 3663 7540 ~~~Peters, Juirgen, 21% Radolf, Justin D., 8004 NorgardMichaelV.,800 Orrego Cristin, 3587Petersen, Carsten, 2167 Raetz, Christian R. H., 3591 Norgren,M.,366 Orser, Ciny 5., 2920, Petersen, Daniel J., 1831 Rahme, Laurence G., 575 Norgren, Mani, 319 Osborn, M. J., 649, 3128,~3134 PtreSedK,50 aRjnr,78 Norlander, Lena, 1607 Osborne, Charles, 1729 PtroKnehR,68 abuA,45 Normand, Philippe, 4072 Oshima, Tairo, 7698 Pdtrt, Dominique, 6694 Raina, Satish, 5763, 5999 Normark,5.,3366 Oskouian, Babak, 5992Petricoin, Emanuel F., III, Raivio, Tracy L., 6088 Noronha-Dutra, Alberto A., Ost, Karen A., 5589 7%Rjpni hvmn,79 Osrosk dSpcrPal, Petroni, E, Alejandro, 7519 Rajkumari, K., 7481 3243,Kzuo 212716 David E., 3047 Raleigh, E. A., 2707, 5220 Nosacka,NovickRichardP.,Kicazuto, 631 Ostrowki,211osi Jack,Jc,222Pettijohn,2212Phadnis, Suhas H., 8% Ramachandra, Muralidhara, Noyer-Weidner, M., 2707 Osuna, Robert, 116, 6626PhbsP.VJ,47072416 Nulty,Eamonn,3716 Oswald, rigitte, 5494Philip-Hollingsworth, Saleela, Ramakrishnan, Girija, 7283 Numrych, Thomas E., 5954 O'Toole, George A., 5168531R erShwE.92 Nunn, David, 1175 O'Toole, Paul W., 505 PJn,32 aieRbr . 7 Nurse, Pearl, 6686 Overbye, Karen M., 5564~ Pich, Andreas, 2120 Ramirez-Santos, Jesus-, 7692 Nuttall, Stewart D., 3807 Oyama, Hiroshi, 2173 Peaoiz . 77RmesuAfa,68 Piekarowicz, Andrzej, 150 Ramuz, Michel, 2219 Oberto, Jacques, 734 Pace, Norman R., 3855, 4371 Pierce, James C., 869 Randall, Thomas, 776 O9'Brian, Mark R., 1145 Padmanabha, Kristine Palas, Pihl, Todd D., 1839 Rank, Gerald H., 1181 O'Brien, A. D., 1151 1376 Pilloud, Nathalie, 4464 Rao, V. Jayathirtha., 7911 O'Brien, Kathryn, 211 Pages, Jean-Marie, 5290 Pinto, William J., 4325 Rapoport, Georges, 2366, Qchi, Kozo, 2297 Palacios, Rafael, 1344, 2411, Pittard, A. J., 3231, 3622, 2539, 3374 O'Connor, Kathleen A., 3318, 2435 4133, 5068, 5079, 7464, 7701 Rapp-Giles, Barbara J.,9 220 3334, 3342' Palchaudhuri, Sunil, 1161 Pittard, J., 2393 Rappuoli, Rino, 7401 Oden, Kristine L., 6174 Palmer, Judith A., 3109 Plano, Gregory V., 3389, 7293 Ras, Joyce, 6%2, 6971 Oesterhelt, Dieter, 1971 Palsson, B. 0., 2673 Plass, Robert J., 5010 Rasmussen, Lene Juel, 6390 Ogawa, Joy, 3060 Pdlsson, Snaebjorn, 94 Plateau, Pierre, 5275, 7903 Rastogi, Vipin K.,2879 Oguma, Keiji, 6025 Paltauf, Fritz, 2026, 6432 Pleier, Edwin, 2077 Ravenscroft, Neil, 5677 Ogurm, Teru, 6643 Panchenko, Yury, 2658 Plesiat, Patrick, 7219 Rawlings, Douglas E., 4203, Ohki,~Kaori, 7055, 7059 Pang, Andy S.-H., 46 Plikaytis, Brian D., 1576 6732 Ohman, Dennis E., 1406, 7781 Pankratz, H. Stuart, 5371 Pohl, P., 3366 Ray, Jill M., 1894, 4297 Ohmiya, Kunio, 636 Panopoulos, Nicholas J., 575 Pollitt, Steven, 1997 Ray, Paul H., 7029 Ohshima, Toshihisa, 3943 Parales, Juan, Jr., 1357 Pollock, W. Brent R., 220 Raybuck, Scott A., 929 Ohta,,Hirotake,'1824 Parke, Donna, 5546 Polzin, Kayla M., 7573 Raymond-Denise, Agnes, 7084 Ohta,j. it~oyulki, 989 Parkinson, John 5., 2116, 4941 Pomerantz, Steven C., 3138 Ream, Walt, 5558 OhtaMichio, 5~_ Parniske, Martin, 3432 Ponniah, Sathibalan, 4195 Rebeck, G. William, 2068 Ohta, Norikol, 154Pirsek, Matthew R., 4717 Poolman, Bert, 6030 Reddy, C. Adinarayana, 776 Ohta, TQshio, 7004 Parsot, Claude, 2842 Poorman, Roger A.,9 234 Redfield, Rosemary J., 5612 Ohtsubo, Eiichi, 6207, 6347 Pascopella, Lisa, 6991 Popham, David L., 7942 Reed, Jason W., 664, 3776, Okada, Shigetaka, 6147 Paster, B. J., 6101 Porterner, Christiane, 3921 3789 Okamoto, Keinosuke, 5516 Patel, Bharvin K. R.., 7982 Porter, Ronald D., 1027, 2720 Reed, Kelynne E., 6411 Okker, R~obert J. H., 4277 Patil, Suresh 5., 1073 Post,, David A., 1978 Reeder., Thadd., 7765 Okuda, Kenji, 6153 Patte, Josette,, 5097 Postle, Kathleen, 5554 Reese, Thomas 5., 2888 Okuyama, Hidetoshi, 5470 Patton, Jana L., 3101 Postma,, P. W., 6184 Reeves, Henry C., 6844 Olive, Michael G., 255 Paustian, Timothy D., 5403 Potvin, Claude,, 5619 Reeves, Peter R., 3894,, 4814 Oliver, Donald B.,, 860, 6605,, Pavelka, Martin S., Jr., 4603 Powell, Janell K., 4021 Reeves, Robert H., 4234 .7092 Payne,, Mark 5., 2278 Power, Mary E., 4757 Regev, R., 7021 Oliver, James D., 5054 Payne,, S. M.,9 5121 Poyart-Salmeron, Claire, 4347 Regnery, Russell L.,, 1576 Olivera, Baldomero M., 1311 Payne, Shelley M., 816 Pradel, Elizabeth, 6428 Reichard, Peter, 3673 Olmsted, Stephen B., 7650, Payne,, William J., 2498 Praszkier, J., 2393 Reichardt, Wolfgang, 5470 7665 Payton, Mark A.., 2006 Predich, Mima,, 521 Reichert, Fred, 6849 Olsen, rikB.,fl 6199 Peavrce,a Linday,% 3084R Price, Chester W. 7856A Redl, Joiachim, 4862 VOL. 173, 1991 AUTHOR INDEX ix

Reizer, Aiala, 3117 Rossmiessl, Peter, 6242 Sdnchez-Rinc6n, Dora A., Sedgwick, Barbara, 3656 Reizer, Jonathan, 3117 Rossolini, Gian Maria, 4611 6632 Sedgwick, S. G., 7368 Rekik, Monique, 1690, 5385, Roszczyk, Emilia, 4675 Sanderson, Kenneth E., 5230, Sedgwick, Steven G., 5604, 7540 Roth, John R., 1302, 1311, 7151 5653 Renaudin, J., 2225 6597 Sandine, W. E., 6095 Seeger, M., 910 Renaudin, Joel, 4353 Rother, Susan, 5648 Sangwan, Indu, 1145 Seetharam, Ramnath, 7106 Renault, Pierre P., 6030 Rothfield, L. I., 5188, 6168 Sanjuan, Juan, 1125 Seetharam, Shobha, 334 Reno, Paul W., 1347 Rothmel, Randi Kubrick, 4717 San Millin, Josd Luis, 3924 Segal, Gregorio, 6339 Reuber, T. Lynne, 426 Rothstein, David M., 7716 Santangelo, Joseph D., 1088 Seifert, H. Steven, 3911 Reuter, Klaus, 2256 Roudier, Chantal, 5239, 6783 Santero, Eduardo, 5914 Seiffert, Andreas, 5639 Reuvekamp, Peter T. W., 124 Rousseau, Micheline, 4625 Saravolac, Edward G., 4970 Seki, Tatsuji, 4220, 7975 Revill, W. Peter, 4379 Rouviere, Pierre, 6249 Sariaslani, F. Sima, 7106 Sekiguchi, Junichi, 7304 Rex, Janell H., 5944 Rouviere-Yaniv, Josette, 2852, Sarsero, J. P., 3231 Sekiguchi, Mutsuo, 3257 Reyes, Josd Luis, 3261 3914 Sarsero, Joseph P., 4133, 7701 Selvaraj, Gopalan, 472 Reyes, Moraima, 2180 Rouyez, M.-C., 6058, 6066, Sasaki, Shoji, 5470 Sen, Keya, 926 Reznikoff, William 5., 16, 6074 Sasaki, Toru, 5260 Sequeira, Luis, 1654, 7841 4570, 5024, 6139, 6910 Rowley, Daniel L., 968, 4660 Sasaki, Tsuguo, 2398 Setlow, Barbara, 1642, 6270 Rezsohazy, Rene, 4526 Rowley, Karla B., 1073 Sassanfar, Mandana, 5869 Setlow, Peter, 291, 1642, Rheinnecker, Michael, 2006 Rownd, Robert H., 2378 Sato, Akio, 4237 2011, 2977, 3831, 4646, Rhie, Ho-Gun, 2206 Roy, Craig R., 2385 Sato, Yuko, 7732 4827, 6270, 7867 Rhodes-Roberts, Muriel E., Roy, Kenneth L., 1663, 4551, Satoh, Toshio, 3277 Seymour, Jana L., 6651 1298 7491 Satta, Giuseppe, 4611 Shadel, Gerald 5., 568 Ribas, Juan C., 3456 Roy, Paul H., 3025, 4493 Savic, Dragutin J., 906 Shah, Sanjiv, 3238 Ribot, Efrain, 5234 Rozsa, Frank W., 4000 Sawai, Tetsuo, 7038 Shah, Vinod K., 5403 Richards, James C., 1420, Rozwadowski, Kevin L., 472 Sawers, Gary, 4983 Shand, Richard F., 4692 3907 Rubin, Robert A., 4503 Scarlato, Vincenzo, 7401 Shanmugam, K. T., 4851 Richaud, Pierre, 5928 Rudd, Edwin A., 5047 Scearce, L. Marie, 869 Sharetzsky, Christine, 1561 Richter, Petra, 5336 Rudd, Kenneth E., 3291 Schaefer, Timothy 5., 6469 Sharples, Gary J., 6837, 7711 Riederer, M. A., 3539 Rudner, David Z., 1388 Schaeffer, Warren I., 1382 Shaw, Jeffrey P., 1690 Rieth, M., 5983 Rudolph, Frederick B., 1831 Schauer, Alan T., 5060 Shaw, Norman, 7065 Rietschel, Ernst T., 618 Rufo, Gerald A., Jr., 6889 Schellhorn, Herb E., 6192 Sheehy, Raymond E., 5260 Rigault, 5., 6058, 6074 Rumbak, Elaine, 4203, 6732 Schifferli, Dieter M., 1230 Shellman, Vein L., 3047 Rigling, Daniel, 8000 Russell, David W., 3209 Schildkraut, Ira, 5030 Sherman, Michael B., 2576 Rimmele, Martina, 7918 Russell, James B., 6199, 6919 Schink, Bernhard, 4909 Sherman, Michael Yu, 7249 Rinker-Schaffer, Carrie, 4325 Russell, N. J., 7021 Schjerven, Torstein, 7970 Shiau, Sheng-Ping, 6355 Ritz, Daniel, 6766 Russo, Frank D., 7501 Schlaman, Helmi R. M., 4277 Shimaji-Murayama, Miyuki, Robbins, J., 4851 Rustchenko-Bulgac, Elena P., Schleif, Robert, 7765 1523 Roberts, Gary P., 5705, 6159, 842, 6586 ShikrC.366Shimizu, Ichiro, 5181 6903 Rutberg, Lars, 2590 ~~~~Schlosser, Andreas, 3170 Shimizu, Shoichi, 636 Roberts, Jeffrey, 5869 Ruittener, Corinne, 3531 Schmid, Angela, 4182, 4909 Shimkets, Lawrence J., 2109, Roberts, Jeffrey W., 1554 Rutz, Jeanette M., 594Schmid, Jan, 842 2206 Roberts, Mary F., 5352 Ruyter, G. J. G., 6184 Schmid, Rolf D., 4836 Shin, Hae Ja, 1886 Robertson, Diane E., 5352 Ryffel, Cristina, 7416 Schmidt, Andrew J., 6124 Shinabarger, Dean L., 4717 Robin, C., 4637, 4893 Rynne, Fiona, 5546 Schmidt, Bernhard, 757, 4056 Shinagawa, Emiko, 3440 Robinson, Angela K., 7875 Schmidt, Bernhardt, 1509 Shinagawa, Hideo, 549, 2665, Robson, Robert L., 365, 5457 Schmidt, Katherine A., 1347 5747, 6760 Rocco, James, 627 Saadi, Soheyla, 3463 Schmidt, Michael G., 6605 Shinozaki, Kumiko, 2906 Rockman, Eva, 3084 Sadhu, Chanchal, 842 Schmidt, Thomas M., 4371 Shirai, Hiromasa, 5036 Rodriguez, M., 5975 Sadowsky, Michael J., 7887 Schmitt, Clare K., 1536, 6507 Shirai, Makoto, 4237 Rodriguez-Palenzuela, Pablo, Sahm, H., 5592 Schmitt, Michael P., 816 Shishido, Kazuo, 5551 6547 Sahm, Hermann, 3228, 4510 Schmitt, Ruidiger, 2077 Shivaji, 5., 7911 Rodwell, Victor W., 3803 Saier, Milton H., Jr., 3117 Schnaitman, Carl A., 6428 Shively, J. M., 1565 Rogers, E. J., 1810 Saigal, Deepak, 3199 Schneider, Barbara L., 6355 Short, J. M., 2707, 4707 Rogers, Elizabeth J., 7881 Sailer, Miloslav, 7491 Schneider, Brigitte, 1530 Shub, David A., 6980 Rogers, Howard J., 961 Saint Girons, I., 7582 Schoedel, Christianne, 4310 Shuman, Howard A., 2180 Rogers, Suzanne D., 6742 Saito, Masayuki, 6025 Schoenmakers, John G. G., Shurvinton, Claire E., 5558 Rolfe, Barry G., 3066 Sakaguchi, Kenji, 3078 4007 Sicard, Michel, 7361 Romana, Lajwant K., 4814 Sakai, Yasuyoshi, 7458 Schomburg, Dietmar, 4836 Siegel, Lewis M., 325 Romeo, Joseph M., 2969 Sako, Tomoyuki, 2289 Schottel, Janet L., 3523 Siehnel, Richard, 768 Romero, David, 1344, 2411, Sakurai, Yuko, 7038 Schroder, Ingrid, 2590 Siemering, K., 2393 2435, 3035 Salin, Marvin L., 5582 Schrumpf, Barbel, 4510 Sievertsen, Amanda, 2180 Romero, Dennis A., 7599 Saltman, Laura H., 3463 Schubert, Peter, 168 Signer, Ethan R., 3235 Roncero, Cesar, 5230 Saluta, Maria V., 1965 Schulfler, Hans-Joachim, 2045 Silhavy, Thomas J., 4039, Ronco, Jorge, 262 Salvacion, Ferdinand F., 687 Schwartz, Ira, 3888 7501 Rong, Lijun, 5110 Salvo, Jill L. Galloway, 1193 Schwarzer, Astrid, 4510 Silver, Lynn L., 3609 Roof, Steven K., 5554 Salyers, Abigail A., 176, 2962, Schweizer, Herbert P., 6798 Silver, Richard P., 4603 Rosenberg, Charles, 2809 4540 Scocca, John J., 5921 Silver, Simon, 7636, 7643 x AUTHOR INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Sims, Jeffrey C., 6651 Steinberg, Nisan A., 7324 Takeda, Yoshifumi, 5036 Truchet, Georges L., 5371 Singer, John T., 1347 Steinbuichel, Alexander, 168, Takekawa, Shiro, 6820 Trucksis, Michele, 5854 Singer, Mitchell, 6242, 6249 757, 4056, 5843 Takemura, Hiroshi, 7070 Trudel, Jean, 5619 Singer, Richard A., 2556 Stetter, Karl 0., 3138 Takeshima, Toshiyuki, 7313 Truesdell, Susan J., 6651 Singh, Shiva P., 5964 Stettler, Rolf, 5017 Talarico, Todd L., 7029 Trust, Trevor J., 505, 937, Skatrud, Paul L., 6223 Stevens, Audrey, 7024 Tamaki, S. J., 301 4757, 4765, 4773, 5663 Skinner, Brett S., 1789 Stevens, Marla K., 1041 Tan, S. T., 3184 Tsai, Mei-Mei, 1012 Skinner, Jeffrey 5., 5234 Stewart, George C., 4341, Tanaka, Eiichi, 6153 Tsai-Wu, Jyy-Jih, 1902 Skold, Ola, 3025 5992 Tanaka, Kazuhiko, 2906 Tsau, Jya-Li, 4411 Skov, Kirsten W., 559 Stewart, Murray, 5663 Tanaka, Teruo, 5507 Tseng, Ching-Ping, 4411 Skvirsky, Rachel C., 7549 Stewart, Valley, 4417, 4424 Tani, Yoshiki, 7458 Tsuchiya, Hiroshi, 2600 Slany, Robert, 2256 Stibitz, Scott, 4288 Tanji, Yasunori, 1997 Tsuchiya, Tomofusa, 6553 Slatko, Barton E., 5207 Stiles, Michael E., 7491 Tanooka, Hiroshi, 2906 Tsui, Ho-Ching Tiffany, 7395 Slauch, James M., 4039, 7501 Stolz, Andreas, 379 Tao, Sha, 2818 Tsui, Ping, 5800 Sleytr, Uwe B., 6865 Stolz, Beat, 7033 Tao, Tao, 1367 Tsukagoshi, Norihiro, 4243, Sloma, Alan, 6889 Stoorvogel, Joke, 156, 161 Tarleton, Jack C., 1259 6820 Sment, Karen A., 3414 Storey, Douglas G., 6088 Tatti, Kathleen M., 7828 Tsukagoshi, Yuko, 2134 Smid, Eddy J., 6030 Storrs, Michele J., 434 Taylor, Diane E., 1111 Tsukamoto, Kikuo, 7038 Smirnova, Eugenia A., 2576 Storts, Douglas R., 655 Taylor, Norman F., 4970 Tsumura, Mana, 7848 Smit, John, 921, 5568, 5677 Stout, Valerie, 1738 Taylor, Ronald K., 1230 Tsung, Kangla, 601, 3749 Smith, C. Mark, 3587 Stouthamer, Adrian H., 6948, Teff, Dina, 2944 Tsuru, Daisuke, 2173 Smith, Issar, 521, 678 6962, 6971 Teff, Dinah, 6297 Tsygankov, Yuri D., 5901 Smith, Karen A., 2962 Stragier, Patrick, 5523, 7942 Temme, Russ, 3958 Tu, Shiao-Chun, 1399 Smith, Michael D., 6110 Straley, Susan C., 2649, 7293 Teng, Henry, 536 Tubulekas, Ioannis, 3635 Snedecor, Brad, 6162 Stratz, Michael, 443 Tenzen, Toyoaki, 6207 Tudek, Barbara, 3419 Snodgrass, Terrn L., 5476 Strom, Arne R., 1187 Terai, Akito, 5036 Tulioch, Debra L., 2768 So, Magdalene, 2147 Strom, Mark S., 1175 Tessman, Irwin, 6406 Tully, Raymond E., 7887 Sobral, Bruno W. 5., 704, Strubel, Volker, 1932 Texier, Laurent, 4625 Turner, M. A., 2053, 6515, 5173 Struck, Douglas K., 5151 Thanabalu, Thirumaran, 2776 6528 Sockett, R. Elizabeth, 2786 Stull, Terrence L., 1561 Thelen, Paul, 6553 Tyler, Bonnie, 1634 Soda, Kenji, 3943 Stulp, Ben K., 4107 Theriault, Kelly A., 6889 Ubbink, Trees, 6030 Sofuni, Toshio, 1051, 3663 Stuttard, C., 985 Thibaut, D., 6066, 6074 Uchida, Hisao, 1208 Sogaard-Andersen, Lotte, Stuttard, Colin, 6223 Thibaut, Denis, 6046, 6052, Udaka, Shigezo, 3078, 4243, 5419 Styrvold, Olaf B., 1187 6300 6820 Sogin, Mitchell L., 2250 Su, HongSheng, 2473 Thielen, Jochen, 7012 Ueda, Yoshio, 7848 Sokatch, John R., 3109 Su, Lihe, 3716 Thomas, Christopher E., 3911 Unrich, Frank, 2256 Solenberg, Patricia J., 1096 Sueoka, Noboru, 7732 Thomas, Christopher M., 826, Ullstrom, Catherine A., 768 5573 Sugahara, Toshiyuki, 1824 1111 Umbarger, H. E., 2328, 2341, Soll, David R., 842 Sugai, J. V., 2823 Thomas, Michael D., 7856 6446 Soll, Dieter, 94, 3408 Sugawara, Kazuyuki, 7313 Thompson, C. J., 444 '7374, Umeda, Akiko, 4333 Somerville, Ronald L., 108, Sugiyama, Tsuyoshi, 55 7382 Uno, Isao, 2406, 4533 3601, 3930, 5944 Sun, D., 4646 Thorbjarnard6ttir, Sigridur, Uozumi, Nobuyuki, 6820 Song, H. Y., 2927, 2935 Sun, Dongxu, 2977, 3831, 194, 412 Uratani, Yoshihiko, 1855 Sonomoto, Kenji, 7340 7867 Thwaites, J. J., 197, 204 Urbanowski, Mark L., 3547 Sorensen, Michael A., 5244 Sun, Fan Wu, 1382 Tilly, Kit, 6639 Utsumi, Ryutaro, 2644 Soubrier, Fabienne, 6694 Sun, Jing, 4171 Timmermans, Maria C. P., Utt, E. A., 245 Southam, G., 6213 Sundstrom, Lars, 3025 4007UzsMrln 79 Sowers, Kevin R., 5352 Surana, U. C., 197, 204 Ting, Yi, 6849UzsMryn,79 Spaink, Herman P., 2872 Susskind, Miriam M., 1944 Tipples, Graham, 4922, 4932 Vaara, Martti, 1223, 3695 Sparling, P. F., 3911 Sussman, Michael D., 291, Tizard, R., 4454 Vaidya, Akhil B., 1911 Speed, Robert R., 1471, 1704, 7867 Tobin, Matthew B., 6223 Vail, Torrey A., 495 4902 Sutcliffe, lain C., 7065 Tokeson, John P. E., 2319, Valdivia, Eva, 886 Speer, Brenda 5., 176 Sutton, Sarah H., 687 6294 Valdivia, Raphael H., 6398 Speiser, David M., 1444 Suzuki, Hideho, 479 Toledo, Ivonne, 3243 Valentine, Joan Selverstone, Sperka-Gottlieb, Constanze D) Suzuki, Masahiko, 1690 Tomasz, Alexander, 1105 5918 M., 2026 Switalski, Lech M., 495, 4263 Tomich, John M., 3117 Valentin-Hansen, Poul, 5419 Sprott, G. Dennis, 130, 3907 Switzer, Robert L., 1978 Tominaga, Akira, 4079 Valla, Svein, 7042 Spruill, Catherine L., 1576 Syuto, Bunei, 6025 Tommassen, Jan, 156 Vail, Khadar, 345 Spyrou, Giannis, 3673 Szekeres, Miki6s, 1821 Toone, W. Mark, 3291 Valyasevi, R., 6095 Squartini, Andrea, 5371 Topal, Michael D., 1201 Van Alfen, Neal K., 8000 Squires, Catherine L., 4254 Tabita, F. Robert, 2099 Tordoff, L. A., 6101 van Belkum, Marco J., 7934 Squires, Craig, 4254 Tabuchi, Akira, 2378 Tormo, Antonio, 4482 Van Bokkelen, Gil B., 37 Stabb, Eric V., 3958 Taggart, A. K. P., 2954 Torres-Cabassa, Angel, 1738 van Bussel, Mario J. A. W. Stacey, Gary, 3356 Taha, Muhamed K., 7589 Toschka, Holger Y., 2681 M., 156, 161 Stadtman, Thressa C., 2093 Tailor, Ravindra H., 3977 Toussaint, Ariane, 6568, 6578 van Dam, K., 6184 Staggs, Teanna M., 417 Takada, Harumi, 3943 Toussaint, Bertrand, 5928 van de Klundert, Jos A. M., Stamburski, C., 2225 Takagi, Masamichi, 6811 Tovar-Rojo, Federico, 2011, 156, 161 VOL. 173, 1991 AUTHOR INDEX xi van den WiJngaard, Arjan J., Waite-Rees, Phyllis A., 5207 Wiest, Deborah R., 7098 Yamasaki, R., 2823 124 Waldburger, Carey, 1944 Wikstrom, P. Mikael, 2633 Yamashita, John, 28 van der Drift, C., 2710 Walderich, Brigitte, 5668 Wilborn, J. Rymon, 5457 Yamashita, Satoshi, 2134, 7992 van der Drift, Chris, 2283 Walker, Eldon M., 5585 Williams, Peter H., 2420 Yang, Mei-Shin, 4288 van der Haar, Marjan E., 4107 Walker, Graham C., 426, 664, Williamson, David L., 4353 Yano, Keiji, 6811 van der Meer, Jan Roelof, 6, 3776, 3789 Williamson, Joanne M., 3591 Yanofsky, C., 3231 2425, 3700, 7077 Walker, Stephen G., 5677 Willis, David K., 4124 Yanofsky, Charles, 6009 van der Ploeg, Jan, 7925 Wall, Judy D., 220, 2401 Willison, John C., 2993 Yao, Hanlong, 2137 van de Wijngaard, W. M. H., Wall, Luis G., 3492 Willsky, Gail R., 834 Yasbin, Ronald E., 1696 2710 Walsh, Christopher T., 929 Wilson, David B., 3397, 6919 Yatagai, Fumio, 7996 van Dongen, Walter M. A. Walsh, Kathleen, 5396 Wilson, Sarah W., 6889 Yau, Patrick, 5086 M., 3688 Walter, Emily G., 1111 Wilson, Stuart, 4914 Yeh, Patrice, 6694 van Hall, Gerrit, 7925 Walter, William A., 6249 Winans, Stephen C., 1139, 6398 Yen, Kwang-Mu, 5315, 5328 van Heijenoort, Jean, 4625 Wandersman, Cdcile, 2160 Winkler, Herbert H., 1471, Yildiz, Fitnat H., 4163, 5502 Van Montagu, M., 3366 Wang, Baomin, 3864 1704, 3389, 4902 Ying, Chingwen, 3584 van Neerven, Alex R. W., 6 Wang, Lu, 6398 Winkler, Malcolm B., 1711, Yogev, David, 2035 Vanooteghem, Jean-Claude, Wang, Shui-ping, 3356 7395 Yokosawa, Noriko, 6025 4994 Wang, Shu-Zhen, 3041 Winter, Robert B., 5315 Yokota, A., 2155 van Putte, Laura Jean, 7665 Wang, Xiuhua, 4144 Wirth, Reinhard, 3029 Yonei, Shuji, 3488 Van Spanning, Rob J. M., Wang, Yuli, 3803 Wise, Kim 5., 2035, 4782 Yoon, Kyung Pyo, 7636, 7643 6948, 6962, 6971 Wanner, Barry L., 587 Woese, C. R., 6101 Yoshida, Osamu, 5036 van Vuuren, Hendrik J. J., Wansell, Corry W., 6948, 6962 Wohlfarth, Gert, 1414 Yoshida, Toshiomi, 4220, 7975 7186 Warren, R. A. J., 308, 7126 Wojciechowski, Martin F., Yoshida, Yoshihiro, 3277 Vartak, Narendra B., 3864 Washburn, Brian K., 2569 6489 Yoshimoto, Tadashi, 2173 Vasstrand, E. N., 900 Watanabe, Masahiko, 1051 Woldringh, Conrad L., 4751, Yoshimura, Tohru, 3943 Vaughan, Patrick, 3656 Watson, K., 3265 7684 Yoshioka, Sachiyo, 4247 V~izquez, Martha, 1250 Watson, Robert J., 2879 Wolf, Richard E., Jr., 968, 4660 Yother, Janet, 5105 Vederas, John C., 7491 Watson-McKown, Robyn, 2035 Wolff, J. A., 4700, 7204 Young, C. C., 3096 Veeger, Cees, 3688 Watt, Kenneth W. K., 6849 Wolfinger, Elizabeth D., 4440, Young, Carolyn A., 3084 Veinot-Drebot, Lela M., 2556 Wei, T., 2393 7565 Young, J. P. W., 2271 Vek~zquez, Laura, 3261 Weickert, Michael J., 6294 Wolfson, John 5., 5854 Young, Katherine, 3609 Vellanoweth, Robert Luis, 67 Weimar, William R., 2238 Wolf-Watz, Hans, 1607 Young, Kevin D., 1, 4021 Venema, Gerard, 3644, 4107, Weinberg, Aaron, 6935 Womble, David D., 2378 Young, Ry, 2897, 5151 4517, 4794, 7934 Weiner, Henry, 3199 Wong, Hing C., 6849 Yu, Choonbal, 3993 Verma, Naresh K., 4814 Weiner, Joel H., 5935 Wong, Sui-Lam, 46, 4952, 6364 Yuan, Robert, 150 Vermey, P., 2710 Weinrauch, Y., 5685 Woodcock, D., 2707 Yura, Takashi, 1064, 4247 Versalovic, James, 1268 Weinreich, Michael D., 6910 Woodgate, Roger, 5604 Viale, Alejandro M., 5224 Weir, Joyce, 521 Woodley, Paul R., 5457 Zablen, L., 6101 Vigal, Tomas, 2451 Weisberg, Robert A., 734 Woodruff, Wendy, 768 Zahringer, Ulrich, 618 Vignais, Paulette M., 2993, Weisblum, Bernard, 4725 Woods, David R., 1088, 4203, Zalacain, M., 4454 5928 Weisburg, W. G., 6101 6732 Zambrano, Maria Mercedes, Vijayakumar, Moses N., 1617 Weisburg, William G., 697, Wookey, P. J., 3231 4482 Vijgenboom, Eric, 4277 2250 Wookey, Peter J., 3622, 4133 Zamir, Ada, 6339 Vik, Steven B., 4544 Weislo, Laura J., 5778 Wooldridge, Karl G., 2420 Zavilgelsky, Gennadi B., 5887 Viksnins, Ann 5., 7650 Weiss, Alison A., 720 Wozniak, Daniel J., 1406 Zavitz, Kenton H., 6686 Villarejo, Merna, 879 Weiss, Bernard, 2864 Wray, Lewis V., Jr., 7351 Zeeh, Ann, 6980 Villiger, W., 1623, 3149 Weissborn, Audrey C., 3021 Wright, Andrew, 5194 Zeh, Karin, 4056 Vimr, Eric R., 1335 Wejksnora, Peter J., 5712 Wright, Gerard D., 1035 Zehelein, Eva, 4983 Vining, L. C., 985, 6223 Welch, Richard W., 1831 Wright, Lori F., 4603 Zehnder, Alexander J. B., 6, Vinitsky, Alexander, 536 Welker, Neil E., 4877, 4889 Wu, Jer-Yuarn, 325 2425, 3700, 6484, 7077 Visick, Jonathan E., 1748 Wellington, C. L., 2954 Wu, Jie, 2864 Zehr, Jonathan P., 7055, 7059 Voegtlin, David J., 6321 Wellington, Cheryl L., 1432 Wu, Lijun, 4877, 4889 Zhan, Hangjun, 3066, 7391 Vogel, Jodi L., 6568, 6578 Wendt, J. C., 4851 Wu, Long-Fei, 3117 Zhang, Lianhui, 1867 Vogel, Monika, 4668 Wenman, Wanda M., 1663, Wu, Xu-Chu, 4952, 6364 Zhang, Qiu-Mei, 3488 Vogel, Ulla, 1168 2818 Zhao, Ji-Liang, 7283 Vogels, Godfried D., 2283 Werner, Dietrich, 3432 Xi, Lei, 1399 Zheng, Liangbiao, 2915 Vogler, Alfried P., 3564 Werts, Catherine, 262 Xia, Liang, 5487 Zheng, Ling, 3918 Volcani, Benjamin E., 5924 West, Janet, 1080 Xiao, Hua, 3901 Zhou, Dan, 3250 von den Hoff, Hans W., 2283 Weston-Hafer, Kathleen, 315 Xiao, Wei, 1181 Zhu, Ning, 1302, 1311 von Ossowski, Ingemar, 514 Wheatcroft, Roger, 2530 Xin, Winnie, 2733 Ziegelhoffer, Tom, 741 von Strandmann, Rembert Whippey, Pat, 130 Xing, RuYe, 2086 ZiJderveld, Caroline A. L., Pogge, 3709 White, Janet, 6475 Xiong, XiaoFeng, 4570 5740 von Tigerstrom, Richard G., White, Robert H., 1987, 3250 Xu, Hong-wu, 2401 Zimmermann, Axel, 1598, 4742 4551 Whited, Gregory M., 3010, Xu, Shuang-Yong, 5030 Zinser, Erwin, 2026 Voordouw, Genrt, 220 3017 Xun, Luying, 2920, 4447 Zorick, Todd 5., 6307 Voss, John A., 2724 Whiteley, H. R., 1748, 3846 Zorin, Nikolai A., 2576 Vragar, Sylvain, 7219 Whitfield, Chris, 1420 Yamada, Hideaki, 2465 Zuber, Peter, 1770, 5487, Vrba, JacqelinT -1 --.M.,577 Whtmn WI'lliam- B. 28%, Yamada, Mastak.- 52601, 7269755It, SUBJECT INDEX VOLUME 173

A-band lipopolysaccharide Adenine modification Alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster P. aeruginosa, 5624 Trichodesmium sp. strain NIBB 1067, C. acetobutylicum, 1831 ABF-1I protein 7059 Aldehyde dehydrogenase gene CAR] expression, 6332 S-AdenoSyl-L-methionine:uroporphyri- E. ccli, 6118 S. cerevisiae, 6332 nogen III methyltransferase ToxR control, 2842 aceK alleles B. megaterium, 4893 V. cholerae, 2842 E. coli, 1801 M. ivanovii, 4637 Aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, mitochon- isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phos- Adenylate cyclase drial phatase inhibition, 1801 P. multocida, 6265 S. cerevisiae, 3199 Acetaldehyde dismutation Adenylate cyclase deletion mutants AlgB S. cerevisiae, 7012 E. coli, 3238 P. aeruginosa, 1406 Acetate catabolism adhE gene response regulator, 1406 iron-reducing isolate GS-15, 2704 E. coli, 8009 AlgR Acetobacter pasteurianus Adhesion algD binding, 5136 ethanol oxidation defect, 7070 A. viscosus-P. gingivalis, 2581 P. aeruginosa, 5136 IS1380, 7070 E. coli alkA gene Acetobacter xylinum 987P, 1230 E. ccli, 7736 cellulose production, 5723 fas genes, 1230 induction in gram-negative bacteria, 7736 insertion sequence, 5723 P. gingivalis Alkaline phosphatase uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophos- A. viscosus, 5266 disulfide bonds, 7719 phorylase gene, 7042 fimbriae, 5266 E. coli, 7719 Acetoin catabolism genes Adhesion capacity gene smfG Alkaline phosphatase, atypical A. eutrophus, 4056 S. marcescens, 3257 Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942, Acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system ADP-ribosylation 4297 P. carbinclicus, 757 nitrogenase, 6903 Alkaline phosphatases, membrane Acetyl coenzyme A degradation R. rubrum, 6903 B. subtilis, 1824 CO dehydrogenase complex, 929 ADP-ribosyltransferases Alkaline phosphate gene M. thermophila, 929 C. botulinum, 6025 L. enzymogenes, 4551 Acetyl coenzyme A synthetase gene Aerobic respiratory chain genes Alkaline protease M. soehngenii, 6383 E. ccli P. aeruginosa, 5290 Achromobacter sp. physical map locations, 1569 secretion, 5290 anaerobic hydroxylase, 1298 Aeromonas hydrophila Alkaliphiles Acid phosphatase extracellular secretion genes, 1241 fatty acid desaturase activity, 1331 N glycosylation, 3539 metallo-13-lactamase gene cphA, 4611 Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. protein folding, 3539 siderophore gene amoA, 5121 DNA transfer, 1686 S. cerevisiae, 3539 AfsR protein Alkylation damage Acid shock phosphorylation, 2311 adaptive response, 3656, 3663 S. typhimurium, 6896 S. coelicolor, 2311 S. typhirnurium, 3656, 3663 Aggregation substance Allantoin pathway Acid tolerance E. faecalis, 3029 S. cerevisiae, 7186 S.i S.typhimrium,typhimurium,68966896ns AgmR protein specific cis-acting element, 7186 Acidctoleranc roesonseai 519P. aerugincsa, 6798 Allantoin pathway gene activation inucblph homeostasis, 519response regulator, 6798 S. cerevisiae, 4977 S.typhimurium,5129 ~Agrobacterium tumefaciens UASNTR, 4977 Acidovorax delafieldii chromosomal avirulent mutants, 1080 Allantoin system induction anion-selective porin, 4182 oncogenicity suppression DAL82 gene, 255 Acinetobacter calccaceticus pSa csa gene, 5449 S. cerevisiae, 255 benABC genes, 5385 opine transport, 903 Allelic replacement isocitrate lyase, 6844 picA gene, 5110 E. ccli, 2633 Acinetobacter sp. strain 210A polygalacturonase Alternative nitrogenase system polyphosphate:AMP phosphotransferase, virulence factor, 6547 R. rubrum, 5705 6484 pTi transfer enhancement Alternative nitrogenases Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae diffusible compound, 1867 aerobic gram-negative nitrogen-fixing hemolysin determinant, 5151 pTiA6-encoded transport system, 6398 bacteria, 365 Actinomyces visccsus rcs gene, 2608 amiC gene adhesion T-DNA transfer amidase expression, 4914 P. gingivalis, 2581 overdrive, 5558 P. aerugincsa, 4914 P. gingivalis adhesion, 5266 virG expression, 1139 Amidase, enantiomer selective Actinomycetes, thermophilic virulence assay, 7723 Rhodococcus sp., 6694 thermostable phenylalanine dehydroge- A/G-specific mismatch repair gene micA Amidase expression nase, 3943 E. ccli, 1902 P. aeruginosa Acyl carrier protein Alcaligenes eutrophus amiC gene, 4914 S. erythraea, 4379 acetoin catabolism genes, 4056 Amidase gene ada gene hydrogenase synthesis P. chlcroraphis, 2465 S.typhimrium,366,3663 rans-actig regulaory funcionA84 Amino acisd starvation VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xiii c-Aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetase arcDABC operon Azotobacter chroococcum gene anaerobic regulation, 4742 nifP gene, 5457 C. acremonium, 2354 inducible promoter, 4742 nifUSVWZM gene cluster, 5457 I-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deam- P. aeruginosa, 4742 Azotobacter vinelandii inase gene Archaebacteria cytochrome d oxidase genes, 6230 Pseudomonas sp. strain ACP, 5260 methyl-accepting taxis proteins, 5837 nfrX gene, 7741 B-Aminolevulinate auxotrophy transsulfuration, 3250 NifV- mutants b-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase defi- tRNA modification, 3138 homocitrate, 5403 ciency, 94 Archaebacteria, halophilic nitrogenase expression, 4440 E. ccli, 94 novobiocin resistance marker, 642 vnJENX region, 7565 5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene ard gene R. sphaeroides, 2712 Collb-P9, 5887 Bacillus brevis B-Aminolevulinic acid synthase mutant Arginine decarboxylase gene speA cell wall protein gene operon B.japonicum, 1145 E. ccli, 3615 repression, 4243 amoA gene regulation, 3615 Bacillus caldolyticus A. hydrophila, 5121 arcH expression thermostable neutral protease, 4107 amtA gene E. ccli, 3930 Bacillus firmus E. ccli tyrosine repressor, 3930 DNA transfer, 1686 physical map location, 1572 Aromatic acid-coenzyme A ligases terminal oxidases, multiple, 5010 Amycolatopsis mediterranei denitrifying Pseudomonas sp., 5494 Bacillus halodenitrificans transformation system, 6325 Aromatic amino acid transport menaquinol-nitrate oxidoreductase, 2498 Amylase E. ccli, 3231 Bacillus laterosporus S. griseus, 2451 new integral membrane proteins, 3231 glutaryl 7-amino cephalosporanic acid et-Amylase Arthrcbacter pascens acylase gene, 7848 B. fibrisolvens, 4203 choline oxidase gene Bacillus licheniformis Amylase-processing proteases E. ccli osmotolerance, 472 ermK B. polymyxa, 6820 Arthrobacter sp. strain AD2 transcriptional attenuation control, Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 haloalcohol dehalogenase, 124 4725 IS892 family, 5771 Arthrcbacter sp. strain MBA209 Bacillus megaterium 1S895 family, 5778 mannityl opine catabolism, 2833 S-adenoSyl-L-methionine:uroporphyri- nifHDK operon AS-48 nogen III methyltransferase, 4893 DNA rearrangement, 7098 channel formation, 887 cell wall assembly, 2548 transcription, 7098 permeation, 887 Bacillus polymyxa nitrogen fixation mutants, 1879 asc (sac) gene amylase-processing proteases, 6820 promoter analysis vector, 2729 E. ccli P-glycanase genes, 7705 rpoCl gene physical map location, 5250 Bacillus sphaericus rpcC evolution, 3446 asg suppressors mosquitocidal toxin gene, 2776 sigma factor gene, 2442 M. xanthus, 1460 Bacillus spp. Anacystis nidulans Aspartate aminotransferase forespore nucleoid condensation, 6270 ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase vani- Rmeit,289protonophore-resistant mutants able subunit gene, 1821 asr operon fatty acid desaturase deficiency, 7750 Anaerobic control S.tpiuim 54Bacillus stearothermophilus P. aeruginosa, 1598 S.tpiuim 54amino acid transport Anaerobic hydroxylase ATP N'dpnet 9 denitrifying Achrcmcbacter sp., 1298 E. ccli, 2800 Nluamepndetrnsot, 791o 87 Anaerobically expressed genes tobramycin uptake, 280neopullulanase active center, 6147 E. ccli, 6139 ATP/ADP ratio temperature-induced protein synthesis, Anaerobiosis DNA supercoiling, 3914 4889 E. ccli salt shock, 3914 Bacillus subtilis lysyl-tRNA synthetase expression, ATP/ADP translocase ada mutants 7903 R. Prcwazekii, 3389 molecular analysis, 7834 Anion-selective porin ATPase, membrane associated add genes, 3644 A. delafieldii, 4182 M. vcltae, 2131 alkaline phosphatases, membrane, 1824 ans operon ATP-dependent nuclease synthesis ans operon, 3831 B. subtilis, 3831 B. subtilis, 3644 ATP-dependent nuclease synthesis, 3644 ant promoter AT-rich DNA autolysin gene, 7304 base pair preference hierarchies, 1944 melting, 5539 autolysins P22, 1944 Autolysin clone intracellular location, 961 Anithranilate synthase gene trpE S. faecalis, 5619 calmodulinlike protein, 2506 P. syringae subsp. savastanci, 463 Autolysin gene cell walls S. aurantia, 541 B. subtilis, 7304 mechanical properties, 197, 204 H.tgepyribe55Autolysins CheF protein, 3584 Antiteorminaio prtens B. subtilis, 961 CheN, 7443 P4,ier6722io poenPuintracellular location, 961 competence, 7269, 7275 Arabinose regulon gene araJ Autolysis comQ gene, 5685 E. ccli, 7765 methicillin-resistant S. aureus, 1105 degQ gene xiv SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

mutant DegS, 5507 LexA repressor homolog, 6489X dinR gene, 7084 spoOA gene development interference, 2733 DNA damage-inducible regulation, 1696 promoter switching, 2625 DNA packaging, 1670 DNA damage-inducible regulator gene transcription regulation, 2625 E. coli RecBCD, 5808 dinR, 7084 spcoE product excision, 4027' DNA-binding protein HBsu gene, 3191 negative regulation of sporulation, Fis, 4027, 4032 DNA-membrane binding, 7732 2514 FIS binding site, 5954 endospore formation spcoH gene 6am protein, 5808 spoIJAB gene, 6678 regulation, 521 HU, 1670 ermC leader mutations spoOJ gene integration, 4032 mRNA stability, 3732 catabolite repression of sporulation, initegrtion host factor, 1670 expression-secretion system 1911 lysogeny, 4032 protea~e-deficifnt,strain, 4952 spoOK locus, 1388 phage 21 term'inase, 2733 extracellular enzyme production spoJIAB gene selection for recombinant clones, 3724 novel regulatory genes, 46 endospore formation, 6678 terminase gene mutations, 5086 flaA locus, 3573, 3580 SpoIIGA protein, 7821 Xis binding site, 5954 flagellar switch protein gene fliM, 710 spolfiD lambdoid S genes flM gene', 710 aE, 7828 dual start motif, 2897 forespore genes spollIG gene Ml13 EuF-dependent promoters, 7867 transcription, 2977 E. ccli terB, 7695 gerD gene spore coat protein gene, 2915 replication origin, 7695 transcriptional control, 4646 spore coat structure. Ml3lacI gpr gene germination alterations, 6618 SOS mutagenesis specificity, 7996 cloning, 291 spore protein genes, 2011 mini-Mu nucleotid sequence, 291 Spore proteins, mutant insertion specificity, 1339 regulationi, 2911 effects on DNA, '4827 Mu HRsu protein gene, 3191 sporulation promoter DNA-binding domain, 6568 hemnAXCDBL gene cluster, 2590 upstream activating sequence, 7557 frameshift mutations, 6578 levansuci~tse signal sequence mutant, spcVB gene, 7942 temperatuire-sensitive mutations, 6568 276 srfA expression, 7269, 7275 virulent phenotype, 6578 membrane alkaline phosphatases, 1824 srfA operon, 1770 NlS5 morphogenesis transcpton initiation region, 5487 growth, 6639 genetic regulation, 3159 subtilin production heat shock proteins, 6639 mRNA stability competence transformation, 7387 plasmid replication, 6639 ermC leader mutations, 3732 UG eoe as trypohn180P mucAB activity, 2906 Vpr, 6889 bac-J ban transcription, 6469 neutral'protease gene, novel, 6364 Bacillus thuringiensis Bof protein, 6469 nitrogen limitation cry-specific sigma factor genes, 3846 gene 10, 6438 gene expression activation, 23 IS23!1A, 4526 late promoter activation, 6438 PS promoter plasmid replication origins, 5280 P2 sigA operon, 7050 transformation, 1353 ogr transcription, 6927 pantothenic acid synthesis mutants, 4240 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai P4 penicillin-binding protein gene, 1807 insecticidal crystal protein gene, 3966 late promoter, 37 prespore enigulfment Bacillus thuringiensis siubsp. alesti Psu antitermination protein, 6722 arE, 3159 8-endotoxin genes, 6635 P22 uF,3159 Bacillus th~~~~~~uringienis subsp. israelensis ant promoter hierarchies, 1944 protease-deficient strain 20-kilodalton protein Pt3 expression-secretion system, 4952 CytA production, 1748 replication origin, 4007 proteases cytA gene H Vpr, 6889 in vivo disruption, 3374 repressor, 955 recombinational pathways, 3977 Bacterio'cins R4 regulatory genes, novel, 46 L. gelidumn, 7491 S. parvulus site-specific integration, rodC pperon L. lactis *subsp. cremoris, 3879 4237 expression, 4341 lactococcin A streptomycete FP43, 3770 rpsD gene increased membrane permeability, T3 regulation, 4595 7934 membrane damage, 6507 secretion Bacteriophages T4 phoA fusions, 2278 21 SunY protein,, 6980 serine protease Vpr, 6889 X development interference, 2733 TS sigA' operon late-gene regulation, 1554 cad gene, 1287 PS promoter, 7050 terminase, 2733 T7 a ~~~~~~~~~c2deletion, 869 interaction with promoters, 3282 L. lactis subsp. lactis infection, 6095 F exclusion, 947 a'-dependent gene, 7856 C. crescentus F PiA, 1536 crE paracrystalline surface layer protein frameshifting, 6998 spcIIID, 7828 receptor, 5568 gene 10, 6998 sin gene FP43, 3770 gpl.2 and gplO, 1536 VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xv

pBFTMl0O cycM gene, 6766 CAR] expression conjugal transfer, 7471 cytochromes c, 7887 ABF-1 protein, 6332 Bacteroides gingivalis glucosyltransferase, novel, 4271 S. cerevisiae, 6332 fibrinogen binding, 495 hemA mutant, 1145 Carbenicillin-hydrolyzing penicillinase gene fibrinogen degradation, 495 hyidrogenase P. mirabilis, 7038 Bacteroides ruminicola transcriptional regulation, 3993 Carbon metabolism endoglucanase, 6919 indole-3-acetic acid S.,parvulus, 7790 Bacteroides spp. oxygen-dependent catabolism, 4897 Carotenoid pigment promoters membrane-anchored cytochrome c, 6766 M. roseus, 7911 E. ccli P-glucuronidase gene, 4540 NifA activity cat-86 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicrcn oxygen regulation, 3478 regulation, 7881 cx-glucosidase, 2962 nodD, promoter, 3356 ribosome hopping, 7881 neopullulanase, 2962 rpcN homologs, 1125 translational frameshifting, 7881 Bactercides transposons Branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis cat gene novel tetracycline'resistance gene, 176 Methanococcus spp., 2086 E. ccli, 3523 BamHI mutant E77K Branched-chain amino acid transport gene .novel transcriptional response, 3523 cofactor requirements, 5030 P. aeruginosa, 1855 slow growth, 3523 Bdellovibric bacteriovorus braZ gene Catabolite gene activator protein S layers P. aeruginosa, 1855 K. aerogenes, 6626 predation, 2244 Brevibacterium sp. strain DPO 1361 Catabolite gene activator protein mutants benABC genes dibenzofuran degradation, 1932 E. ccli, 5024 A. calcoaceticus, 5385 Broad-host-range properties lac transcription control, 5024 Bent-end morphology RK2, 5861 Ca'tabolite repression control gene crc T. phagedensis, 4820 Brucella melitensis P. aeruginosa, 7204 Benzoate dioxygenase genes physical map, 2219 Catabolite repression control mutants A. caiccaceticus, 7540 BtuB protein P. aeruginosa, 4700 DNA slippage structures, 7540 E. coli, 5639 Catalase gene evolutionary divergence, 7540 level in outer membrane, 5639 L. seeligeri, 5159 P. putida pWWO, 7540 Buoyant density Catalase HPII gene katE Benzoate-coenzyme A ligase E. ccli, 5396 ,E. ccli, 514 denitrifying Pseudomonas sp., 5494 Butyrivibric fibriscivens Catechol meta cleavage pathway bglA gene oa-amylase, 4203 .P. pickettii, 4587 E. coli glgB gene, 6732 Catecholamine uptake physical map location, 1571 bvg virulence regulon C. neoformans, 401 Bialaphos biosynthesis B. pertussis., 7401 CatR protein S. hygroscopicus, 4454 MgSO4 modulation, 7401 P. putida, 4717 Bile acid 7cx-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Caulcbacter crescentus gene cadA- extracellular polysaiccharides, 5677 Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708, 4558 cadmium resistance, 7636, 7643 flagellar gene expression Bioenergetic changes p1258, 7636, 7643 timing, 1514 L. plantarum, 4411 S. aureus, 7636, 7643 flbF Biofilms Cadmium resistance homology to Y. pestis lcrD, 7283 optical sectioning, 6558 S.aru aA 66 63ilv mutants, 1259 Biosurfactant production Calicheamicin biosynthesis paracrystalline surface layer protein P. aeruginosa, 4212 blocked mutants, 7716 transducing bacteriophage receptor, blm mutants M. ech~inospora, 7716 5568 S. cerevisiae, 3605 Calmodulinlike protein transducing bacteriophage Bof protein B. subtilis, 2506 paracrystalline surface layer protein bac-l ban transcription, 6469 Campylobacter ccli receptor, 5568 P1, 6469 flagellin genes, 4757 Caulobacter sp. bcp gene cluster motility, 4757 transformation, 921 H. halobium, 4692 Campylobacterjejuni CCT gene induction, 4692 lipopolysaccharide S. cerevisiae, 2134 Bordetella pertussis chemical characterization, 618 cefF gene adenylate cyclase toxin, 720 Candida albicans S. clavuligerus, 398 bvg virulence regulon electrophoretic, karyotype variation, 6586 Cefsulodin MgSO4 modulation, 7401 H'-ATPase, 6826 E. ccli lysis, 1 cyaCgene,720 ~~~~~KREJ gene, 6859 ceD gene hemolyticyactivitys, whiie-opaque transition, 7436 C. thermocellum, 80 regulatorysequences,72082385 yeast-hyphal transition, 7436 celE gene vir proteins, Boerrelia burgdreriCniabiiiC.temclu,84288CaddbodnC.temclu,8 fla gene, 1452 transformation system, 7458 Cell cycle outersurfaceproteins ~Candida spp. F replication, 2673 localization, 8004 rpa eune elcceprmtr plasmids strain identification, 842 E. ccli, 7970 telomeric structure, 7233 Candida spp.., pathogenic Cell division xvi SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Cell growth Chromium minus ColE 1 DNA E. coli swimming response, 997 E. coli, 1208 Era protein, 2265 Chromosomal deletion ColE 1 gene products GTPase, 2265 S. glaucescens, 3531 membrane topography, 2927, 2935 Cell surface polysaccharides Chromosomal replication control Colicin El C. johnsonae, 7607 E. ccli, 5200 hydrophobic anchor, 2927 gliding motility, 7607 rpoC mutation, 5200 immunity protein, 2935 Cell types Chromosome size Colicin El lysis protein M. xanthus, 3318, 3334, 3342 S. pneumcniae, 7361 colicin A lysis protein, 191 Cell wall Chrysobactin operon functioning, 191 B. subtilis, 197, 204 E. chrysanthemi, 6874 synthesis, 191 gram-negative bacteria, 7684 MlI gene coml0lA locus mechanical properties, 197, 204 HK022, 810 H. influenzae, 4683 peptidoglycan, 7684 Clavibacter michiganense ComA transport protein Cell wall assembly cloning vector, 184 S. pneumoniae, 372 B. megaterium, 2548 transformation, 184 Comamonas acidovorans Cell wall mutants Cloacin DF13 sensitivity porin sequence analysis, 2196 S. pombe, 3456 E. ccli, 2420 Comamonas testosteroni Cell wall protein gene operon OmpF, 2420 p-toluene sulfonate methyl-monooxygen- B. brevis, 4243 Cloning cartridges ase, 3741 repression, 4243 gram-negative bacteria, 5328 Competence Cellobiohydrolase Cloning system B. subtilis, 7269, 7275 C. thermocellum, 4155 Micromonospora spp., 7004 comQ gene Cellulomonas fimi Cloning vector B. subtilis, 5685 endoglucanase B (CenB) C. michiganense, 184 Conjugal transfer multiple domains, 7126 Clostridium acetobutylicum pCF1O, 7650, 7665 endoglucanase CenB alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster, Conjugation sequence, 308 1831 RSF1010 Cellulose.production DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, 2120 M. smegmatis, 6705 A. xylinum, 5723 electron transport genes, 1088 S. lividans, 6705 CenB P3-galactosidase expression, 3084 Conjugative transposition C.fimi, 308, 7126 viruslike particle, 530 Tn9J6, 319, 4347 Cephalosporium acremonium Clostridium botulinum Copper transport gene cutE c.-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine syn- ADP-ribosyltransferases, 6025 E. coli, 6742 thetase gene, 2354 Clostridium cellulolyticum Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase C-factor endoglucanase A, 7956 Haemophilus spp., 7449 M. xanthus, 1722 Clostridium litoralis Coralline shape morphogenetic thresholds, 1722 glycine reductase, 5983 cryofixation, 3149 cheA locus thioredoxin, 1509 nucleoid, 3149 E. ccli, 2116 thioredoxin system, 5983 Corrinoid proteins tandem translation starts, 2116 Clostridium pasteurianum acetate-dependent methylation, 5439 CheF protein nifV genes, 3041 M. barkeri, 5439 B. subtilis, 3584 Clostridium perfringens Corynebacterium glutamicum CheN rRNA operons, 5431 feedback-resistant homoserine dehydro- B. subtilis, 7443 Clostridium purinolyticum genase gene homF13R, 3228 CheW-Tsr interactions selenoprotein A gene, 2093 lysine synthesis E. coli, 4941 Clostridium thermocellum split pathway, 4510 Chiamydia psittaci MeD transcription, 80 cphA gene cysteine-rich proteins, 3821 ceiF transcription, 80 A. hydrophila, 4611 Chiamydia spp. cellobiohydrolase, 4155 crc gene genus-specific lipopolysaccharide endoglucanase genes P. aeruginosa, 7204 epitope, 1862 transcription, 80 p-Cresol methylhydroxylase Chiamydia trachomatis ClpB denitrifying Achromobacter sp., 1298 histone analogs, 7046 E. coli, 4247, 4254 crp gene histone Hi-like protein gene, 2818 heat shock, 4247. 4254 K. aerogenes, 6626 hydroxyurea-resistant isolates, 4932 clpG gene Cruciform formation in situ studies, 4922 sequence analysis, 7673 E. ccli, 2658 L6 homolog, 1663 cmlA gene Cryofixation nucleic acid precursor incorporation, Tn1696, 4493 nucleoid 4922 CO dehydrogenase complex coralline shape, 3149 thymidylate synthase, 6670 acetyl coenzyme A degradation, 929 Cryphonectria parasitica Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase synthe- M. thermophila, 929 laccase biosynthesis sis cob genes regulation, 8000 S. citri, 2225 P. denitrificans, 6058, 6066, 6074 Cryptococcus neoformans Chioramphenicol resistance gene cmlA Cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase catecholamine uptake, 401 Tn 1696, 4493 P. denitrificans, 6300 melanization, 401 Chlorobenzene genes, plasmid encoded Cobalamin biosynthesis oxygen toxicity, 401 VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xvii

CsgA suppressor DAL82 gene 7,8-Dihydropteroate synthase M. xanthus, 2206 allantoin system induction, 255 E. ccli, 7029 C-terminal processing gene prc S. cerevisiae, 255 1 ,2-Dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase E. ccli, 4799 Dcm methylation naphthalenesulfonic acid-degrading bac- Cultivar specificity different bacteria, 7692 terium, 3795 Rhizobium-clover interaction, 2791 dcmR gene Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase cutE gene Methylobacterium sp. strain DM4, 6714 E. ccli, 5935 E. ccli, 6742 deaD gene R. sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans, 3277 Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase null mutants E. ccli, 3291 translocation, 3277 S. cerevisiae, 5918 RNA helicase, 3291 Dinitrogenase reductase cyaC gene degQ gene glycine 100, 6159 B. pertussis, 720 B. subtilis, 2366 R. rubrum, 6159 Cyanobacteria control by two-component systems, 2366 dinR gene rhodaneselike protein, 2751 DegS B. subtilis, 7084 sulfate transport genes, 2739 B. subtilis, 2539 Dinucleoside triphosphatase sulfur-regulated genes, 2739, 2751 phosphorylation, 2539 S. cerevisiae, 5275 Cyanobacterium, marine aerobic filamen- DegU phosphorylation Dipeptide transport tous nonheterocystous B. subtilis, 2539, 5507 E. ccli, 234 adenene modification, 7059 mutant DegS, 5507 DNA damage repair nitrogenase structural genes, 7055 Deinococcus radiodurans E. ccli, 3419 cycA promoters multicell formation, 3184 enterobacteria, 5604 R. sphaercides, 3949 phosphoglycolipid precursor, 457 Fpg protein, 3419 cycC gene repeated chromosomal sequence, 2137 DNA damage-inducible gene dinR B. japonicum, 7887 transformation properties, 6110 B. subtilis, 7084 Cyclic AMP receptor protein Deletion formation DNA damage-inducible loci lac promoter binding, 59 palindromy, 315 S. typhimurium, 3587 Cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein Deletion mutagenesis DNA damage-inducible regulation complex recombination, 869 B. subtilis, 1696 E. ccli, 5419 T7, 869 DNA gyrase tsx-p2 promoter, 5419 A'-dehydrogenase gene H. vclcanii, 3807 Cyclic glucans P. testosteroni, 7219 DNA helicase II gene uvrD R. meliloti, 3021 Denitrifying bacterium deletions, 2569 cycM gene anaerobic hydroxylase, 1298 E. ccli, 2569 B. japonicum, 6766 Denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. DNA inversion cysB gene aromatic acid-coenzyme A ligases, 5494 E. ccli H-NS mutants, 4116 autoregulation, 2212 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phos- DNA ligase gene S. typhimurium, 2212 phate synthase, tryptophan sensitive T. thermophilus, 5047 cysG E. ccli, 1894 DNA replication terminus site TerE sulfite reductase overexpression, 325 Deoxycytidine nucleotides E. ccli, 391 cysP promoter deamination, 4902DN slpaetrcus S. typhimurium, 5876 R. prcwazekii, 4902 DeNAsipage structuense ee,74 Cysteine Desulfcvibric vulgaris DNA supercoiling amino acid starvation, 5244 hmc gene, 220 ATP/ADP ratio, 3914 E. ccli, 5244 hydrogenase salt shock, 3914 Cysteine-rich proteins lactate metabolism, 3688 DNA transfer C. psittaci, 3821 Detergent shock proteins alkaliphilic Bacillus sp., 1686 cytA gene E. ccli, B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 3374 DevelopmentDN229DN upaesqnc in vivo disruption, 3374 M. xanthus N. gcncrrhceae, 3911 CytA production cell types, 3318, 3334, 3342 DnaA protein 20-kilodalton protein, 1748 dGTP triphosphohydrolase growth rate, 5194 B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 1748 distribution, 6665 DNA-binding protein HBsu gene Cytadherence-accessory proteins Entercbacteriaceae, 6665 B. subtilis, 3191 localization, 1041 dhlB gene DNA-dependent RNA polymerase M. pneumcniae, 1041 X. autctrcphicus, 7925 C. acetcbutylicum, 2120 Cytochrome d oxidase genes Diadenosine tetraphosphate dnaG gene A. vinelandii, 6230 paradoxical increase, 7875 chromosome partitioning, 1268 Cytochrome d terminal oxidase mutants S. cerevisiae, 7875 DNA replication, 1268 E. ccli, 6174 Diaminopimelic acid incorporation E. ccli, 1268 Cytochromes E. ccli, 4751muainlnlys,16 B. japonicum Diatom species mutatinlaayi,16 c, 7887 plasmids, 5924 DnaKl, 69 cycM gene, 6766 Dibenzofuran degradation E.tcclyis,2691 D. vulgaris hmc gene, 220 Brevibacterium sp. strain DPO 1361, DnKproteoyisn29 P. denitrificans c genes, 6948, 6962, 6971 1932 Dna protein40 R. sphaercides c', 3949, 3958 Dichloromethane dehalogenase regulatory E.cl,40 Cytcphaga jchnscnae gyene dcmR osmotic adaptation, 4404 xviii SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL. eda gene S. aureus, 1827 B. subtilis protein synthesis, 1642 E. coli envAl mutants B. thuringiensis CytA protein, 1748 physical map location, 5247 E. ccli, 3609 bglA gene edd gene periplasmic leakage, 3609 physical map location, 1571 E. ccli EnvZ mutant bolA expression physical map location, 5247 E. ccli, 601 as, 4474 Elastase production suppression of OmpR mutation, 601 BtuB protein P. aeruginosa, 6153 EnvZ signalling level in outer membrane, 5639 Electrogenic malate transport E. ccli, 6882 buoyant density studies, 5396 L. lactis, 6030 local anesthetics, 6882 capsular polysaccharide synthesis L. plantarum, 6199 Era protein RcsA, 1738 malolactic fermentation, 6030, 6199 E. ccli, 2265 cat gene Electron transport genes GTPase, 2265 novel transcriptional response, 3523 C. acetobutylicum, 1088 ermC leader mutations slow growth, 3523 Electrophoretic karyotype variation mRNA stability, 3732 catabolite gene activator protein mutants C. albicans, 6586 ermK lac transcription control, 5024 Elongation factor Tu B. licheniformis, 4725 catalase HPII gene katE E. ccli, 3096 transcriptional attenuation control, 4725 nucleotide sequence, 514 methylation, 3096 Erwinia carotovora subsp. carcievora cell cycle parameters, 7970 Enantiomer-selective amidase extracellular protease, 6537 cell division Rhodococcus sp., 6694 pnlA gene, 1765 FtsQ protein, 2187 endAF5 gene prtl gene, 6537 ftsZ, 3500 F. succinogenes, 3215 Erwinia chrysanthemi hisT, 7395 Endo-l1,4-43-glucanase chrysobactin operon, 6874 hupA hupt mutants, 2852 R. albus, 636 pectate lyase cheA locus truncation, 636 Sec-dependent secretion, 4310 tandem translation starts, 2116 Endodextranase Erwinia sp. strain ATCC 39140 CheW-Tsr interactions, 4941 S. salivarius, 7423 ketoaldonic acid metabolism pathways, chromosomal replication control Endoglucanase 6651 rpoC mutation, 5200 B. ruminicola, 6919 Escherichia ccli cloacin DF13 sensitivity Endoglucanase A M/G-specific mismatch repair gene micA, OmpF, 2420 C. cellulolyticum, 7956 1902 ClpB Endoglucanase B aceK mutations heat shock, 4247, 4254 C. fimi, 7126 selective isocitrate dehydrogenase ki- ColEl DNA Endoglucanase CenB nase/phosphatase inhibition, 1801 replication initiation, 1208 C. fimi, 308 adenylate cyclase deletion mutants, 3238 transcription, 1208 Endoglucanase genes adhE gene copper transport gene cutE, 6742 C. thermocellum, 80 regulation, 8009 cruciform formation, 2658 T. fusca, 3397 adhesion C-terminal processing gene prc, 4799 Endospore formation 987P, 1230 cutE gene, 6742 B. subtilis fas genes, 1230 cyclic AMP receptor protein spolIAB gene, 6678 aerobic respiratory chain genes lac promoter binding, 59 Endosymbiosis physical map locations, 1569 cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein aphid-eubacterium, 6321 aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, 6118 complex 8-Endotoxin genes alkA gene tsx-p2 promoter, 5419 B. thuringiensis subsp. alesti, 6635 induction in gram-negative bacteria, cysteine Enteric bacteria 7736 amino acid starvation, 5244 proline utilization regulation, 783 alkaline phosphatase cytochrome d terminal oxidase mutants, Enterobacter agglomerans disulfide bonds, 7719 6174 nifJ-niff cotranscription, 3252 allelic replacement, 2633 deaD gene Enterobacter clcacae amino acid starvation RNA helicase, 3291 ISIO cysteine, 5244 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phos- multiple copies, 7802 8-aminolevulinate auxotrophy, 94 phate synthase, tryptophan sensi- OmpX protein amtA gene tive, 1894 biological characterization, 161 physical map location, 1572 detergent shock proteins, 229 molecular characterization, 156 anaerobically expressed genes, 6139 diaminopimelic acid incorporation, 4751 Enterobacteria anaerobiosis 7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin-pyro- mutagenic DNA repair, 5604 lysyl-tRNA synthetase expression, phosphokinase, 7029 Enterobacteriaceae 7903 7,8-dihydropteroate synthase, 7029 dGTP triphosphohydrolase araJ gene, 7765 dimethyl sulfoxide reductase distribution, 6665 arcA product assembly, 5935 Enterobactin gene cluster Arc function, 5648 function, 5935 S. flexneri, 816 Srf function, 5648 dipeptide transport, 234 Enterococcus faecalis arginine decarboxylase gene speA DNA damage repair aggregation substance, 3029 regulation, 3615 Fpg protein, 3419 mannitol phosphotransferase system, arcH expression DNA helicase II gene uvrD 3709 tyrosine repressor, 3930 deletions, 2569 VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xix

chromosome partitioning, 1268 ultrainduction, 2319, 6294 ilvBN gene DNA replication, 1268 galS gene physical map location, 5258 mutational analysis, 1268 physical map location, 7412 ilvGMEDA leader DnaK protein gearbox promoters mutations, 2341 osmotic adaptation, 4404 katF mutations, 4482 specificity, 2328 proteolysis, 2691 a70, 4482 ilvGMEDA operon dppA gene, 234 gene X, 7092 ilvEp promoter, 6446 dsdA-dsdC intergenic region, 1161 glpD gene regulation, 6446 eda gene nucleotide sequence, 101 initiation factor 1F3 physical map location, 5247 gItBDF operon growth rate regulation, 3888 edd gene Shine-Dalgarno sequences, 3261 integration host factor physical map location, 5247 glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene binding site, 609 elongation factor Tu zwf, 968 ompB transcription inhibition, 5800 methylation, 3096 glucose metabolism R6K replication inhibition, 1279 envAl mutants enzyme 11GIc ,6184 IS3 elements periplasmic leakage, 3609 P3-glucuronidase gene inversion termini, 906 EnvZ mutant Bacteroides promoters, 4540 isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phos- suppression of OmpR mutation, 601 glutamate I-semialdehyde aminotrans- phatase inhibition EnvZ signalling ferase aceK mutations, 1801 local anesthetics, 6882 hemL gene, 3408 KS polysaccharide Era protein, 2265 sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, biosynthesis, 4088 ethanol dehydrogenase gene adhE aerobic, 101 katE gene regulation, 8009 gnd gene nucleotide sequence, 514 F0 protein channel intragenic recombination, 3894 KatF fi subunit effect, 407 greA gene stress resistance, 4188 FIFO ATP synthase physical map location, 5256 katF mutations b subunit mutagenesis, 7240 growth rate gearbox promoters, 4482 subunit c polar 1oop mutants, 2639 DnaA protein, 5194 kps gene cluster, 1335, 4603 temperature-sensitive mutations, 4544 growth rate regulation lac messenger F17-G gene, 3366 Era protein, 2265 decay, 28 fadBA operon GTPase, 2265 transcription, 28 physical map location, 7405 GTPase, 2265 lac promoter fadL gene H202-treated cells cyclic AMP receptor protein binding, sequence, 435 metal ion chelators, 2562 59 fas genes heat shock downstream deletion analysis, 4570 987P adhesion, 1230 ClpB, 4247, 4254 lac transcription control fdv gene heat shock proteins catabolite gene activator protein mu- physical map location, 7414 complexes with abnormal fusion pro- tants, 5024 FhuA protein tein, 7249 P-lactam-induced lysis functional domains, 4394 P-lactam-induced lysis, 4021 inhibition by heat shock proteins, 4021 fimbriae heat-stable enterotoxin II, 5516 lacZ mRNA decay, 2167 cryptic mannose-binding activity, 4195 hemL gene LamB protein fimbrial binding glutamate I -semialdehyde aminotrans- maltodextrin-binding site stoichiom- F17-G gene, 3366 ferase, 3408 etry, 1873 fimbriation HflA protease permissive sites, 262 fimil, 5308 membrane localization, 6307 topology, 262 fimE, 5298, 5308 himA gene lanthanide accumulation, 141 firA and firA200(Ts) physical map location, 5249 leucine biosynthesis cloning, 334 hip gene transaminase D, 3864 sequence, 334 physical map location, 5249 LexA protein Fis hip operon, 5732 TnS transposase control, 6406 X, 4027, 4032 hisT lip gene fiavin reductase gene fre, 3673 cell division, 7395 physical map location, 5258 flavodoxin gene, 1729 hisT::TnS mutation lipoic acid metabolism, 6411 Fnr* mutants, 16 microcin production, 7018 lipopolysaccharide formate dehydrogenase-N synthesis H-NS mutants bimodal distribution regulation, 5699 fdhD and fdhE genes, 4417 DNA inversion, 4116 lipoprotein gene nlpB, 5523 Fpg protein Holliday junctions lysis DNA damage repair, 3419 resolution, 7711 cefsulodin, 1 fre gene, 3673 ruvC product, 7711 cell cycle, 1 frr htpX gene, 2944 murein chemistry, 3425 promoter region, 5181 htrA multicopy suppressor, 5763 lysogen selection fructose-i1,6-diphosphate aldolase ts8 htrB gene, 741 X recombinant clones, 3724 mutation htrP gene, 5999 lysU mutant, 1965 genetics, 6242 HU protein lysyl-tRNA synthetase expression physiology, 6249 localization in vivo, 3047 anaerobiosis, 7903 ftsQJ(Ts) mutation hupA hupB mutants lytDJ mutation xx SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

induction, 3488 NarK functional, 2665 mannose-binding activity nitrate uptake, 3303 phosphorus assmlto type 1 fimbriac, 4195 nitrite excretion, 3303 p/hn gene cluster, 587 marA locus, 5532 narL gene physical map Mcr mutants, temperature sensitive, 150 mutational analysis, 4424 aerobic respiratory chain genes, 1569 mcrA locus, 7368 ndk gene amtA, 1572 McrBC region, 150 physical map location, 3276 asc (sac), 5250 McrC protein, 3921 nitrogen regulation, 6355 bglA, 1571 membrane damage n/pB gene, 5523 eda, 5247 T3 genes, 6507 nusAIO(Cs) allele, 1485 edd, 5247 T7 genes, 6507 nusA function fadtA operon, 7405 metal ion chelators rpoC mutation, 1492 fdv, 7414 H202-treated cells, 2562 Ogt DNA methyltransferase galS, 7412 metG gene in vivo role, 2068 greA, 5256 physical map location, 3273 OmpA himA, 5249 methylated DNA signal peptide mutations, 1997 hip, 5249 propagation inhibition, 4707 ompA mRNA stabilizer, 4578 hydGH, 3274 methylation-blocking factor locus ompB l~vEN, 5258 pap expression, 1789 integration host factor, 5800 lip, 5258 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehy- transcription inhibition, 5800 me:G, 3273 drogenase/5,1I0-methenyl-tetrahydro- OmpE 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehy- folate cyclohydrolase gene cloacin DF13 sensitivity, 2420 drogenasel5,l0-methenyl-tetrahy- physical map location, 5251 ompF mutations drofolate cyclohydrolase gene, (t-methylguanine mutagenicity constitutive cis-acting, 4039 5251 ada-S cells, 1201 OmpR, 4039 mg/ operon, 7412 ada' cells, 1201 OmpE porin mrp, 3273 mgl operon lipopolysaccharide structure, 926 nar-adhzE region, 1574 physical map location, 7412 regulation by salicylate, 5631 ndk, 3276 miaA gene trimerization, 926 pepD-proA genes, 7407 mutator phenotype, 1711 OmpR pinO, 7409 structure, 1711 phosphorylation, 3749 polymerase chain reaction, 5253 micA gene, 1902 rpoA mutations, 7501 poxB, 5258 microcin production OmpR mutation purHD, 3274 hisT:.:TnS mutation, 7018 suppression by EnvZ mutant, 601 rfa locus, 7410 modified-DNA restriction orfE rrnE, 3274 nomenclature, 2707 RNase PH, 5589 serA, 1571 molybdate uptake mutants, 6499 osmoregulation, 3749 small stable RNA genes, 5252 MotA-MotB interactions, 7033 proU promoter, 801 smpA and smpB, 3271 MotB mutant proteins, 4049 osmotic adaptation zwf, 5247 mprA DnaK protein, 4404 pinO gene mutants, 3924 osmotic signal transduction physical map location, 7409 sequence, 3924 DNA supercoiling, 879 pMB1 mraY gene, 1021 proU, 879 methylation, 3209 mRNA degradation outer membrane mutH regulation, 3209 RNase 1*, 4653 BtuB level, 5639 replication, 3209 mRNA stability, 2167 polyamines, 3695 polyamines mrp gene oxidative stress gene activation outer membrane, 3695 physical map location, 3273 soxQ/cfxB/marA mutations, 4433 polymerase chain reaction Mar restriction system, 5207, 5220 pabA expression, 3680 physical mapping, 5253 mtr expression pap expression ponB strains TyrR-mediated activation, 7701 methylation-blocking factor locus, penicillin-binding protein 2, 4530 mt" gene 1789 potassium transport cloning, 108 penicillin-binding protein lB constitutive systems, 687 nucleotide sequence, 108 dimeric forms, 5740 poxB gene mtr gene regulation, 3601 penicillin-binding protein 2 physical map location, 5258 Trp repressor, 4133 ponB strains, 4530 ppGpp concentration TyrR protein, 4133 pepD-proA genes rRNA synthesis, 1168 mucAB activity, 2906 physical map locations, 7407 prc gene, 4799 mukB null mutant peptidoglycan synthetic gene mra Y, 1021 priA mutant mini-F partitioning, 6643 peptidoglycan thickness, 751 505 response, 6686 murein chemistry periplasmic leakage pr/A alleles, novel, 2289 lysis, 3425 envAl mutants, 3609 protease III, 2696 murein-metabolizing enzymes, 6773 pfl gene protease SM secretion, 2160 murG gene product, 4625 regulation, 6390 protease-deficient strains, 26% mutational analysis phasyl proteolysis Tn~supF-based method, 8% two replication origins, 73 DnaK, 2691 mutH gene pheA gene proU VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxi

positive regulation, 727 endonucleolytic cleavage, 2488 thermoreception purHD operon S. marcescens protease SM secretion, Tap, 1120 physical map location, 3274 '2160 Trg, 1120 pyruvate formate-lyase gene pfl sbcC gene thiophene gene, 6018 regulation, 6390 conjugational transfer, 5694 thyA gene queuine biosynthesis genes, 2256 scrY gene, 449 deletion, I1193 R6K replication secA gene transcription terminator, 1193 integration host factor, 1279 translation regulation, 6605 tobramycin uptake RcsA secA 'Mutations ATP, 2800 capsular polysaccharide synthesis, dominant, 860 TonB membrane topology 1738 sel genes, 4983 PhoA fusions, 5554 rdgB mutants seiC gene topA deletion mutants defect suppression by purA, 1360 retr-oelement, 4171 novobiocin dependent, 5564 RecA protein serA gene translation initiation factor 1F3 constitutive activation, 5869 physical map location, 1571 growth rate regulation, 3888 UV-mediated activation, 5869 serA promoter transposition RecBCD regulation, 5944 505 induction, 6910 X Gain protein, 5808 L-serine deaminase, novel, 2473 trehalose synthesis recG locus, 1004, 6837 sfsl gene amber suppressors, 1187 recJ gene CRP*-dependent mal expression, 2644 osmotic stress, 1187 nucleotide sequence, 353 a32 synthesis trehalose synthesis genes RecJ overexpression plasmids, 353 translational regulation, 3904 Us~, 7918 recombination a70 thermotolerance, 7918 indirect stimulation, 6192 gearbox promoters, 4482 Trg ruvC mutants, 5414 Crthermosensin blt,12 species definition, 7257 bolA expression, 4474 ti-kG gene, 3170 replication origin stationary-phase morphology, 4474 trmA promoter, 1757 hemimethylation, 4537 single-stranded-DNA-binding protein trypto'phan synthase initiation in vitro, 4537 F, 2720 mutant a subunits, 1886 restriction of modified DNA ssb deletion complementation, 2720 tryptophan transport, 6009 nomenclature, 2707 s~t gene, 6773 tryptophanase~operon induction, 6009 retroelement small stable RNA genes tryptophan-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino- seiC gene, 4171 physical map locations, 5252 heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase, rfa genes smpA and smpB genes 1894 regulation, 6428 physical map locations, 3271 tryptophan-specific permease, 108 rfa locus sohB gene tryptophan-s'pecific permease gene mtr physical map location, 7410 htrA multicopy suppressor, 5763 regulation, 3601 rflb gene soluble lytic transglycosylase, 6773 ts8 mutation expression in S. typhimurium, 55 subcellular distribution, 5668 genetics, 6242 L-ribose-utilizing mutants, 2459 505 induction physiology, 6249 ribosome-releasing factor cistron frr transposition, 6910 tsx-p2 promoter promoter region, 5181 505 response cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor pro- RNA genes priA mutant, 6686 tein complex, 5419 7S replacement of 4.5S, 1835 soxQlcfxBlmarA mutations tyrosine repressor RNA helicase oxidative stress gene activation, 4433 arcH expression, 3930 deaD gene, 3291 soxRS regulon, 2864 tyrP gene RNA polymerase omega subunit speA gene activation, 5068, 5079 stringent RNA control, 3901 regulation, 3615 repression, 5068, 5079 RNase 1* Srf function TYR R boxes, 5068, 5079 mRNA degradation, 4653 arcA product, 5648 TyrR RNase PH ssb deletion mtr expression, 7701 orfE, 5589 F-encoded single-stranded-DNA-bind- ugp operon RNase T ing protein, 2720 dual regulation, 549 physiological role, 1376 stationary-phase morphology uvrD gene rnpB gene, 1813 Us, 4474 deletions, 2569 rpoA mutations stress resistance zwf gene, 968 transcriptional control by OmpR, 7501 KatF, 4188 growth rate control, 4660 rpoC mutation stringent RNA control physical map location, 5247 chromosomal replication control, 5200 RNA polymerase omega subunit, 3901 Ethanol dehydrogenase gene adhE nusA function, 1492 sucrose porin gene scrY, 449 ~ E. ccli, 8009 RpoH sulfite reductase overexpression Ethanol oxidase respiratory chain starvation survival, 1992 cysG, 325G.sbxdn,34 rRNA synthesis superoxide response regulon, 2864 Ethanoloxidatins34 ppGpp concentration, 1168 supH and supP suppressorsEtaooxdin rRNA transcription rate, 6647 temperature sensitivity, 412 A. pasteurianus IS1380, 7070 rrnE operon Tap P-Etherase gene physical map location, 3274 thermosensing ability, 1120 P. paucimobilis, 7950 xxii SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Eubacterium sp. striain VPI 12708 fadL gene. FIXJ protein bile acid 7aL-hydroxys'teroid dehydroge- E. co/i, 435 R. mie/ioil, 5914 nase gene, 4558 sequence, 435 fla gene eutF gene fas genes. B. burgdorferi, 1452 S. tyhimurium, 5168 987P adhesion, 1230 fiaA locus exo genes E. co/i, 1230 B. subti/is, 3573, 3580 R. meiloti, 426 Fatty acid desaturase Flagelia regulation, 426 alkaliphiles;, 1331 vis'ualization exoD gene Fatty acid desaturase deficiency video-enhanced light microscopy, 933 R. me/iloti, 664 Ba'cillus p'rotonopliore-resistant mutants, Fla~gellar assembly Exoenizyme S 7750 S. typhimnuriumh, 2301 P. aeruginosal, 6460 fdhF gene Flagellar base regulation, 6460 expression, 5893 . S. typhimurium; 2888 exoG mutations S. typhimurium, 5893 structure, 2888 R. me/i/oti, 3776 fdv gene Flagellar filanmet polypeptides exJmuains EcoiS. aurantia,.1357 R. me/i/oil, 3776 physical map location, 7414 Flagellar filament. regrowth Exo'polysaccharide EPSb Feedback-resistant hornoserine dehydroge- S. typhimurium,.3564 low phosphate concentrations, 7391 nase gene Flageliar gene expression R. me/i/oi, 7391 C.- glutamicum, 3228 C. crescentus, 1514 Exppolysaccharide, heterologous femA gene timing, 1514 nodule development, 3066 initerpeptide bridge synthesis, 3507 Flagellar motor switching Rhizobium sp. strain NCR234, 3066 5.aureus,. 3507 H. ha/obium, 1971 Exopolysa'ccharide mutanits. Ferredoxin reductase Flagellar mutant, Oaraiyzed R. knli,.8851 S,. grise'us, 7106 R. sphaeroides, 27-86 exoR gene Ferric enterobactin tedeptor Flageli-ar switch protein gene f~lM R. me/i/oil, 3789 gram-negative bacteria, 5964 B. subtil/is, 710 Export syste'ms Ferrodoxin'-thioredoxin reductase variable Flagellin ge~ne expression fun~ctional-complementation, 7549 subunit gene R. meli/oti, 2077 tIZpress~ion-secretion 'system A. nida/ans, 1821 Flagellin gene mutations B. subti/is FhuA protein R. mnefloti, 3716 protease-deficienit strain, 4952 E. co/i, 4394 Flagellin 'genies Extracellular enzyme production functional domains, 4394 C. co/i B. subilis, 46 Fibril protein. gene motility, 4757 novel regulatory genes, 46 S. citri, 4353 Flagellin 'synthesis Extracellular lipase Fibrils S. typhimurium, 2301 Pseudomonas sp. strain ATCC 21808, development-sipecific protein, 6749 Flagellin' synthesis regulation 4836 M. xanthus, 6749 S. eyphimuriumjlgM gene, 6453 Extracellular polysaccharide genes Fibrils, extracellular Flagellins Aso/anacearum,7841 ~~~contact-mediated cell interactions, 7810 H. pylori; 937 Extracellular polysaccharide production M atu,71 .v/a,71 P.solanacearum,1654 ~~Fibrinogen binding Flavin reductase gene fre virulence,1654 ~~~~~B.gin~giv'a/is, 495. E. co/i, 3673 degradation strain ATCC 39723 ExtracellularolysaccharidesFibrinogenB.ginjiva/s 495 Flavobacteniumpenitachlorophenolsp. hydroxylase, 4447 C.crescentus,5677 ~~~Fibrobacter succinogenes pentachlorophenol-induced periplastmic Extracelluflar protease endo-glucanas gee FndS, 3215prtiPcA29) E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, 6537 Fibronectin .Flavodoxin gene Extracellular secretion genes P. gingiva/is interactions, 4263 E. co/i, 1729 A. hydrophila, 1241 fim'B flbF E. co/i, 5308 C. crescentus F0 protein channel Fimbriae homology' to Y. pestfs /crD, 7283 8 subunit effect, 407 E. co/i .f/gM gene E. cd/i, 407 cryptic- mannosetbinding activity, 4195 S. typhipnurium, 6453 FIFO ATP synthase P17-G gene, 3366 Flu protein b subunit P. gingiva/is, S. typhimarium', 3564 targeted-mutagenesis, 7240 adhesion to A. visco'sus, 5266 F-like pili E. co/i, 2639, 4544, 7240 S. en'teriidis, 4765, 4773 electron spectrosco~pic imaging, 7728 subuniit t polar'loop mutants, 2639 Fimbriation72 temperture-ensitve h taton 454 E. co/iphsat,72 en fliM gene F17-G_E.ato/i,ge 336 f/mBhtato530854f/mE, 5285308 Furqiooerssac ou F42-reducing hydrogeniase E.c/,59 M8S. aureus, 5854 localization, 978 f/nA Fnr* mutants ML barkeni, 978 co/il3E. E oi, 16 Factor 390 f/A0f )Folate distribution M.thermoautotrophicum,22832E. co/,34eteetempie,18 VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxiii

Formate dehydrogenase gene fdhF Gene transfer Glycolipid genes expression, 5893 X. campestris pv. malvacearum, 6421 M. avium, 6991, S. typhimurium, 5893 Genetic exchange Glycolytic enzymes Formate dehydrogenase-N synthesis type II A methy'lase domain, 4363 Z. mobi/is, 5975 .E. co/i, 4417 Genome conservation Glycoprotease gene fdhD and fdhE genes, 4417 L. interrogans, 7582 P. haemolytica, 5597 Fpg protein, Genorme size Glycosylation DNA damage repair, 3419 mycoplasmalike organism, 2128 phycobilisomtes, 2985 E. -co/i, 3419 Genus-specific e'pitop gnd gene Fram'eshiftin'g chiamydiail lipopolysaccharide, 1862 E. co/i, 3894 1-7, 6998 ger-D gene intraei ecmiaio,39 Fran/cia sp. strain Cpul B. sabtilis, 4646 gpr gene nitrogen-fixing vesicles transcriptional control, 4646 B. subti/is, 291 lipid envelopes, 2061 g/gB gene Gram-negative bacteria Fra'n/ik~spp. B. fibriso/vens, 6732 cell wills phylogenetic relationships, 4072 Gliding motility peptidoglycan, 7684. fre gene C. johnsonae, 7607 cloning cartridges, 5328 E. -co/i, 3673 cell surface polysaccharides, 7607 E. coi a//cA gene induction, 7736 Freeze-substitution g/nR locus ferric ente'robactin receptor, 5964 envelope profiles, 1623 S. coelico/or, 7351 insertion elements, 1502 gram-negative eubacteria, 1623 g/PD gene integration' host factor genes, 6297 frr E. co/i, 101 lipid A E. co/i, 5181 g/tBDF; operon acyl-acyl carrier protein, 3591 promoter region, 5181 EA.co/i, 3261 acyltransferases, 3591 hructose-l1,6-diphosphate aldoilase ts8 mu- Shine-Dalgarno sequences,, 3261 recA-ike mutants tation Glucan synthetase, water insoluble isolation, 404 E. co/i, 6242, 6249 S. sobrinus, 989 Gram'-negative eubacteria fruK gene -Glucans,% cyclic envelope'-pro'files, 1623 R.. capsu'latus, 3117 R. meli/oti, 3021 freeze-substitution, 1623 fts()l(Ts) mutation Gluconobacter suboxydans Gram-positivie bacteria E. co/i, 655 ethanol oxidase respiratory chain, 3440 lipoteichoic acids, atypical suppression, 655 Glucosamine, minireview, 7065 FtsQ protein M, xanthus greA gene cell division, 2187 lysis, 7164, E. co/i. E.. co/-i, 2187 spiorulation, 7164 physical map location, 5256 ftsZ gene Glucose 6-p'hosphate dehy'drogenase gene GroEL cell division, 3500 zwf nif regulation, 6339 E. co/i, 3500 E. co/i, 968 nitrogenase' assembly, 6339 ftsZ homolog Glicose metabolism groEL-like genes R. me/i/otil, 5822 E. co/i, 6184 -S. a/bus, 737-4, 7382 fur gene .enzyme IlIGc,, 6184 GroEL-like proteins Y. pesh's, 417 -Glucose repression S. a/bus, 7374 Fusion protein, abnormal S. cerevisiae, 2045 Growth rate cmlexes with heat shock proteins, Glucoset-specific porn DnApoti,594 ,7249 P. putida,,4970 Gyrase inhibitors Fusobbacterium nuc/eatum ca-01urosidase knotted DNA species,, 5551 lanthiponine', 900 B.' thetaiotaomicron, 2962 pBR322, 5551 pepitidoglycan precursor, 900 Glucosyltransferase B. japonicuim, 4271 H2O2-treated- 'cells ga/ ope'ron Glutamate I-semnialdehyde aminotrans- E. co/i, 2562 E.- co/i, 2319, 6294 ferase mtlinchelators, 2562 ultrainduction, 2319, 6294 E. coli, 3408 Ht-ATPase Galactose utilization hemL gene, 3408 C. albicans, 6826 L. heveticus, 4464 Glutamnate dehydrgnaegeeHaemophi/us inftuenizae 13-Galactosidasie P. asaccharo/yticus, 61-62 cornmlOlA locus, 4683 C. ace~tobuty/icurn, 3084 Glutamine synthetase enhanced spontaneous competence, 5612 ga/ geeregulation by nitrogen source, 4095hyrgnpoxd,63 E.co/i Sy~~~~~~~5n~echocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, 4095 isrira uaeei,16 physical map location, 7412 Glutamine transport operon' sxy-1 mutation, 5612 gap pg/c message B. setearothermophi/us, 4877 transformation-related loci Z. mobi/is, 245 Glutaryl 7-amino'cephalosporanic acid acy- cloning, 4675 Gas ve'sicle' plasmid lase' gene corn l1A, 4683 H. ha/obium, 1958 B. /aterosou, 7848 Haemophi/u's spp., inversion isomers, 1958 3-Gly'ca-nase genes copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, 7449 Gearbox promoters B. po/ymyxa, 7705 Haloacid d'ehalogenase E. co/i, 4482 snGycrl 3-phosphate dehydrogeniase, X. autobtrophicus, 7925 xxiv SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Halobacteriu'm halobium HfA proitease Hydrogenase bop gene cluster E. co/i; 6307 B. japonicum, 3993 induction, 4692 membrane localization, 6307 D. va/garis', .3688 fiagellar motor switching, 1971 himA gene transcriptional regulation, 3993 gas vesicle plasmid structure EP. co/i Hydrogenase structure inversion isomers, 1958 physical map location, 5249 T. roseopersicina, 2576 heat shock hip gene Hydrogenase synthesis superoxide dismutase elevation, 5582 E.c/ .etohus, 1.845 *DH repressor, 955 physical map location, 5249 trans-acting regulatory functions, 1845 rRNA, 23S hip operon 27-Hydroxyoctacosanoic acid chloramphenicol resistance mutations, E. coli, 573 Rhizobiaceae, 2155 3559 hisT Hydroxypyruvate reductase Haloferax vo/canii cell division, 7395 M. extorquens, 7228 DNA gyrase, 3807 E. co/i, 7395 7oa-Hydroxystcroid dehydrogenase Halophilic archaebacteria hisT:.:TnS mutation E. co/i, 2167 novo-biocin resistance marker, 642 E. co/i, 7018 7a-Hydroxysttroid dehydrogenase gene Halophilic eubacterium microcin production, 7018 Eubacte'rium sp. strain VPI 12708,, 4558 free sodium concentration, 7021 Histidine utilization operon Hydroxyurea. resistance Halophilic isolate K. aerogenes, 116 C. trac~homatis, 4932 organohphosphorus acid anhydrase, 1938 Histone analogs Hyperrecombination Halophilic methanogens C. trachomatis, 7046 E. co/i, 5097 compatible solutes, 5352 Histone HI-like protein gene Hansenula polymorpha C. trachomatis, 2818 iap gene methylamnine 'metabolism h/a transcription expression cohtrol, 4668 in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance, S. aureus, 6313 L. mntpocysogenes, 4668 4959 hmc gene Ice nucleation structures HB~su gene D. vulgaris, 220 components, 6515 B. subtilis, 3191 H-NS mutants, lipoglycoprotein complexes, 6528 Heat shock DNA inversion,, 4416 Ice-nuclefiting bacteria E. co/i E. co/i, 4116 phosphatidylinositol, 2053 Clpli, 4247, 4254 Holliday junctions ilv mutants H.' ha/obium E. co/i,, 7711 C. cresc'entus, 1259 superoxide dismutase elevation, 5582 ruvC product, 7711 i/yEN gene Heat shock gene htpX Ho/ospora obursa E. co/i E. co/i, 2944 periplasmlc proteins, 4842 physical Map location, 5258 Heat shock proteins Honiocitrate llvC product complexes with abnormal fusion protein, A. vine/andii NifW7 mutants, 5403 alfalfa nodulation, 7756 7249 Homoserine dehydrogenase gene hornFBa R. me/i/oti, '7756 inhibition of P-Iactam-induced lysis, 4021 C. glutam~icum, 3228 i/vGMEDA leader Heat shock response Hopanoids E. co/iL, 2328, 2341 M. bovis, 7982 Z. mobilis, 5592 mutations, 2341 M. va/Use, 3224 hrp cluster specificity, 2328 S. cerevisiae P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, 575 i/vGMEDA operon inducers,, 7429 htp.X gene E. co/i, 6446 Heat-stable enteroto'xin II E. co/i, 2944 regulation, 6446 E. co/i, 5516 htrA multicopy suppressor Indole-3-acetic acid He/icobacter py/ori E. co/i jokE gene, 5763 B. japonicum, 4897 fiagellinis, 937 htrB gene oxygen-;dependent catabolism, 4897 protein antigen, species specific, 505 E. co/i, 741 Infection thread development urease htrP gene Rhizobium lipopolysaccharide, 5371 aggregation states, 5663 E. co/i, 5999 Initiation 'factor 1F3 structure, 5663 HU protein -E. co/i, 3888 urease gene cluster, 1920 it DNA packaging, 1670 growth rate regulation, 3888 heMA mutant localization in vivo, 3047 Insecticidal crystal protein gene, B.jap~onicum, 1145 hupA hupE mutants B. thu'ringiensis subsp. aizawai, 3966 Hemagglutininiprotease cell division, 2852 Insertion elements V. cho/erae, 3311 E. co/i,, 2852' A. pasteurianus IS1380, 7070 hemAXCDEBL gene cluster hupR1 gene A. xy/inum, 5723 B.subti/is,2590 ~~~~~R.capsa/atus, 5928 Anabaena s'p. strain ICC 7120 hem'L gene 182fml,57 E. co/i, 3408 hya operon I82fml,51 glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotrans- hdHoeoE. co/i, 4851 .tuigess121,4213895 family, 5778 ferase, 3408 hdHoeo .tuigessI21,42 Hemolysin determinant E oiE /aa A.p/europneumoniae,5151 ~~~physical 'map location, 3274 IS310, 7802 Heterotrophy, light activated Hydrocarbon assimilation gram-negative bacteria, 1502 Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803., 2761 P.argns,41 3 VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxv

preferential transposition, 6207 Knotted DNA species topology, 262 1S892 family, 5771 gyrase inhibitors, 5551 Lanosterol l4aL-demethylase IS89S family, 5778 pBR322, 5551 S. cerevisiae, 1035 IS1096 korF locus Lanthanide accumulation mycobacteria, 7772 RK2, 826 E. ccli, 141 IS1380 kps gene cluster Lanthionine A. pasteurianus, 7070 E. coi, 1335, 4603 F. nucleatum, 900 ethanol oxidation defect, 7070 KREJ gene Largest known prokaryote ISRm3, 2530 C. aibicans, 6859 surgeonfish symbiont, 5359 R. melilioti ISRm3, 2530 iasR gene tdh gene spread, 5036 L6 homiolog P. aeruginosa, 3000 Insertional mutagenesis C. trachomatis, 1663 lat gene H. influenzae, 1561 iac messenger N. iactamdurans, 6258 Integration host factor decay, 28 lat gene localization binding site, 609 E. coi, 28 S. ciavuigerus, 6233 E. coi, 609, 1279, 5800 transcription, 28 LCBJ gene X DNA packaging, 1670 iac promoter S. cerevisiae, 4325 ompB transcription inhibition, 5800 cyclic AMP receptor protein binding, 59 LcrD R6K replication, 1279 downstream deletion analysis, 4570 Y. pestis Integration host factor genes E. coi, 4570 homology to C. crescentus FlbF, gram-negative bacteria, 6297 lac transcription control 7283, 7293 Iron transport proteins E. coi icrGVH-yopBD operon P. gingivais growth regulation, 7330 catabolite gene activator protein mu- Y. pseudotuberculosis, 1607 Iron uptake tants, 5024 Leptospira interrogans genome conservation, 7582 V.anguiliarum, 1347 lacABCDaureus,genes5992 ieu operon expression Iron-reduingisolte GS-15S.GS-1 Laccase biosynthesis Leu control codons, 1634 Iron-reducingbisolate 2704 C. parasitica, 8000 transcription attenuation-mediated con- ascetrate catabrolism, /pos Isoctratedeyrgns iaepo- Lactacin F gene trol, 1634 phatase ~~~~~~~~Lactobacilius spp., 1779 Leucine biosynthesis aceK alleles, 1801 13-Lactami-induced lysis E. coi, 3864 E. coi, 1801 inhibition by heat shock proteins, 4021 transaminase D, 3864 selective inhibition, 1801 Lactate metabolism Leucocin A-UAL 187 Isocitrate lyase D. vuigaris L. geidum, 7491 A. caicoaceticus, 6844 hydrogenase, 3688 Leuconostoc geidum Lactobacilius buigaricus bacteriocin leucocin A-UAL 187, 7491 KS polysaccharide lactose metabolism genes, 1951 Levansucrase signal sequence mutant biosynthesis, 4088 Lactobacilius heiveticus B. subtilis, 276 E. coi, 4088 galactose utilization, 4464 LexA protein Karyotype variation Lact~obacilius piantau E. coi, 6406 C. aibicans, 6586 bioenergetic changes, 4411 TnS transposase control, 6406 katE electrogenic mnalate transport, 6199 lexA-like genes gene fermentation, 6199 isolation, 7345 E.col,51E.coli,514 Lactobacilius~~~~~malolactic spp. Light-activated heterotrophy F gene, 1779 Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, 2761 E.cocoli,4188 Lactococcin~~~~lactacin A Light-harvesting complex I stess 8 si,anc4188 membrane permeability, 7934 incorporation into intracytoplasmic setrespruaesitancfe,418 geeincreasedgeeL. iactis subsp. cremoris, 3879 membrane, 5336 KetcalmpyuaetransferaseX.campestris,7519 ~~Lactococcus lactis R. capsuiatus, 5336 2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octonic acid electrogenic mnalate uptake, 6030 lip gene V. parahaemoiyticus lipopolysaccha- malolactic fermentation, 6030 E. coi rides, 6303 physical map, 2768 physical map location, 5258 Ketoaldonic acid metabolism pathways replacement recombination, 4794 Lipase, extracellular Erwinia sp. strain ATCC 39140, 6651 rRNA operons, 2768 Pseudomonas sp. strain ATCC 21808, kilA operon Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 4836 RK2, 3463 lactococcin A, 3879 Lipase gene ipA kiiA-tellurite resistance region lactose plasmid pSK IIL, 7573 P. cepacia, 559 RK2Ter, 1111I Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Lipid A Kirromycin resistance composite transposon, 7599 acyl-acyl carrier protein, 3591 ribosome mutants, 3635 phage c2 infection, 6095 acyltransferases, 3591 Kiebsieiia aerogenes Lactococcus spp. gram-negative bacteria, 3591 catabolite gene activator protein, 6626 proteinase maturation protein PrtM, Lipid cores crp gene, 6626 4517 M. jannaschii, 3907 histidine utilization operon Lactose metabolism genes Lipoamino acid in vitro transcription, 116 L. buigaricus, 1951 C. johnsonae, 5470 RNA polymerase, 116 lacZ mRNA decay Lipoic acid metabolism xxvi SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Lipopolysaccharide lytDi mutation Membrane-associated ATPase gene A band complemnentation by K genes, 893 M. voitae, 2131 P. aeruginosa, 5624 E. coi, 893 Menaquinol-nitrate oxidoreductase antigenic changes, 3177 L-Lyxose metabolism B. haiodenltrjflcan~s, 2498 bimodal distribution regulation, 5699 E. coi, 5144 Mercury resistance determinant C. jejuni, 618 S. aureus p1258, 5234 E. coi, 5699 M protein regulator Metal ion chelators P. aeruginosa S. pyogenes, 2617 E. coi, 2562 A band, 5624 mail maiX malY gene cluster H2Or-treated cells, 2562 R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, 3177 E. coi, 4862 Metallo-p-lactamnse gene cphA Rhizobium spp. MalK activities A. hydrophila, 4611 infection thread development, 5371 E. coi, 2180 metG gene V. parahaemoiyticus separation by mutations, 2180 E. coi 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octonic acid, Malolactic fermentation physical map location, 3273 6303 electrogenic malate transport, 6199 metH gene Lipopolysaccharide epitope electrogenic malate uptake, 6030 MetR binding site, 3547 Chiamydia spp., 1862 L. lactis, 6030 S. typhimurlum, 3547 Lipopolysaccharide genes L. piantarum, 6199 Methanobacterlum ivanovll P. solanacearum, 7841 Maltose transporters S-adenosyl-L-Methionine:uroporphyri- Lipopolysaccharide structure S. cerevisiae, 1817 nogen III methyltransferase, 4637 K. pneumoniae,. 1420 Manganese peroxidase gene transcription Methanobacterium thermoautotrophlcum Lipopolysaccharide transposition activation by manganese, 4101 factor 390 energy dependence, 3134 P. chrysosporium, 4101 hydrolysis, 2283 S. typhimurium, 3134 Manganese-superoxide dismutase reduction, 2283 Lipoprotein gene nipE E. coi, 3488 trp genes, 5017 E. coi, 5523 induction, 3488 Methanococcusjannaschft Lipoteichoic acid Mannitol phosphate transferase system lipid cores, 3907 S. agaiactiae, 487 E. faecaiis, 3709 Methanococcus spp. Lipoteichoic acids, atypical Mannityl. opine catabolism branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria Arthrobacter sp. strain MBA2O9, 2833 2086 minireview, 7065 P. putida, 2833 Methanococcus voitae Listeria monocytogenes Mannose metabolism coenzyme M-auxotrophic mutant, 3414 lap gene S. cerevisiae, 2006 flagellins, 7113 expression control, 4668 Mannose-binding activity heat shock response, 3224 Listeria seeiigeri E. coi type 1 fimbriae, 4195 membrane-associated ATPase gene, 2131 catalase gene, 5159 marA locus Methanocorpusculum sinense LIV-1II carrier gene E. coi, 5532 cell division, 6865 P. aeruginosa, 1855 Marine picoplankton morphogenesis, 6865 Living cells 16S rRNA genes, 4371 S layer, 6865 HU localization, 3047 mbhA Methanogens, halophilic LPD-glc structural gene M. xanthus, 2969 compatible solutes, 5352 P. putida, 3109 transcriptional regulation, 2969 Methanosarcina barkeri corrinoid proteins ipsZ gene Mcr mutants, temperature sensitive methylation, 5439 R.meiiotimeliloti,3235 E. coli, 150 F420-reducing~~~~~~~~acetate-dependenthydrogenase isiR.i 3235rE lcis5locus localization, 978 rgionhoroamN.gonhorrhoeae,87896 E..crAcoil,i 7368 ~~~~~~factor 390 formation, 2710 Luciferase McrBC region Mtaoacn hrohl X. iuminescens, 1399 E. coi, 150 acetyl coenzyme A degradation lux genes McrC protein CO dehydrogenase comnplex, 929 X. iuminescens, 1399 E. coi, 3921 methyl. coenzyme M methylreductase, LuxR protein MDR-like export systems 2481 iuxR gene regulation, 568 functional complementation, 7549 Methanospirlilusm hungatel V. fischeri, 568 mec determinant filamnent termini, 130 Lysine e,-aminotransferase gene hypervariable region, 7416 permeability, 130 Streptomyces spp., 985 S. aureus, 7416 sheath, 6213 Lysine synthesis Melanization. Methanothrlx soehngenll C. giutamicum, 4510 C. neoformans, 401 acetyl coenzyme A synthetase gene, split pathway, 4510 Membrane alkaline phosphatases 6383 Lysis B. subtiliis, 1824 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au- cefsulodin, 1 Membrane damage reuts cell cycle, 1 T3 genes, 6507 autolysis, 1105 E. coi, 1, 3425 T7 genes, 6507 Methyl coenzyme M methylreductase murein chemistry, 3425 Membrane export protein M. thermophila, 2481 Lysobacter enzymogenes M. hyorhinis, 2035 Methyl-accepting taxis proteins secreted alkaline phosphatase TnphoA analysis, 2035 archaebacteria, 5837 VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxvii

Methylamine utilization genes Morphology Mycobacterium avium M. extcrquens, 5901 T. phagedensis, 4820 glycolipid genes, 6991 Methylase domain, type II A Mosquitocidal toxin gene Mycobacterium bovis genetic exchange, 4363 B. sphaericus, 2776 heat shock response, 7982 Methylated DNA MotA-MotB interactions Mycobacterium smegmatis E. ccli, 4707 E. ccli, 7033 RSF101O conjugation, 6705 propagation inhibition, 4707 MotB mutant proteins Mycobacterium spp. Methylation-blocking factor locus E. ccli, 4049 IS1096, 7772 E. ccli, 1789 Motility novel transposon trap, 7772 pap expression, 1789 C. ccli Mycobacterium tuberculosis Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase flagellin genes, 4757 recA locus, 5653 P. productus, 1414 C. minus, 997 Mycoplasma hyorhinis 5, lO0-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydro- Motility mutant DNA analysis, 1382 genase/5, lO0-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate C. jchnscnae, 7534 membrane export protein cyclohydrolase gene trait recovery, 7534 TnphoA analysis, 2035 E. ccli mox genes mitochondria coisolate, 1382 physical map location, 5251 P. denitrificans, 6948, 6962, 6971 surface antigenic variation, 4782 06-Methylguanine mutagenicity mprA Vlp system, 4782 E. ccli, 1201 E. ccli, 3924 Mycoplasma pneumcniae Methylobacterium extorquens mra Y genecyahrnecesoyptis hydroxypyruvate reductase, 7228 E. ccli, 1021 lcyt iadhernceacesor0 potin methylamine dehydrogenase, 5909 mrk determinants Myolocalizationa1041 methylamine utilization genes, 5901 K. pneumoniae, 916 Mycoplasmaike, orgnis Methylobacterium sp. strain DM4 mRNA degradation genopamesiz,22 dichloromethane dehalogenase regula- E. ccli, 4653 Mycopeinasmase tory gene dcmR, 6714 RNase 1*, 4653 prtinia atraantigen MetJ a.-factor precursor mRNA stability ,29 S. cerevisiae, 627 E. ccli, 2167 smilarccu bacterahatgn,29 mgl operon ermC leader mutations, 3732assupeor,16Myxococuprssoxanthus E. ccli mRNA stabilizer cell types physical map location, 7412 E. ccli, 4578 development, 3318, 3334, 3342 MgIA protein mrp gene two-dimensional electrophoresis, 3334 control by upstream mgl gene, 7625 E. ccli C-factor function, 7615 physical map location, 3273 morphogenetic thresholds, 1722 M. xanthus, 7615, 7625 Mrr restriction system CsgA suppressor, 2206 miaA gene E. ccli, 5207, 5220 development E. ccli, 1711 Mry cell surface protein release, 7988 micA gene S. pycgenes, 2617 cell types, 3318, 3334, 3342 E. ccli, 1902 mtr expression fibrils Microbial biofilms E. ccli, 7701 development-specific protein, 6749 optical sectioning, 6558 TyrR-mediated activation, 7701 fibrils, extracellular Microcin production mtr genecotc-eiedelinrains E. ccli, 7018 E. ccli, 108 cotc-mdaedcl1itrctos hisT: :TnS mutation, 7018 mtr gene regulation 7810sain Microccccus luteus E. ccli, 3601, 4133 glucsaine16 translation, 3514 Trp repressor, 4133 7164 Microccccus rcseus TyrR protein, 4133 srlysis, 4 carotenoid pigment, 7911 mucAB activity MlsAprorateion,76rti Micrcmcncspcra echincspcra B. subtilis, 2906 control by upstream mgl gene, 7625 calicheamicin biosynthesis E. ccli, 2906 function, 7615 blocked mutants, 7716 Multicell formation multicopy single-stranded DNAs, 5363 Micrcmcncspcra spp. D. radicdurans, 3184 myxobacterial hemagglutinin gene mbhA gene cloning system, 7004 Multicopy single-stranded DNAs transcriptional regulation, 2969 Microscopy M. xanthus, 5363 orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxy- flagella, 933 Murein chemistry lase gene uraA video-enhanced light, 933 E. ccli, 3425 disruption effects, 6790 Minireviews lysis, 3425 peripheral rods, 3318, 3334, 3342 lipoteichoic acids, atypical Murein-metabolizing enzymes physical map, 2109 gram-positive bacteria, 7065 E. ccli, 6773 repetitive DNA sequence, 2125 Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase murG productrerstanciaegns,56 gene E. coli, 4625 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~sporecoat protein U, 3597 S. cerevisiae, 3199 Mutagenic DNA repair spore protein C, 2141 Modified-DNA restriction enterobacteria, 5604 uraA gene E. ccli, 2707 Mutational analysis disruption effects, 6790 nomenclature, 2707 E. ccli, 896 Molybdate uptake mutants Tn~supF-based method, 896 E. ccli, 6499 mutH gene N~HN'H niotrgn xxviii SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Naphthalenesulfonic acid-degrading bacte- NifV- mutants nusAJO(Cs) allele rium A. vinelandii, 5403 E. ccli, 1485 1 ,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase, homocitrate, 5403 nusA function 3795 Nitrate oxidoreductase E. ccli, 1492 nar activation B. halodenitrificans, 2498 rpcC mutation, 1492 E. coli, 16 Nitrile hydratase gene Fnr* mutants, 16 P. chlororaphis, 2465 0 acetylation oxygen, 16 Nitrogen fixation P. mirabilis peptidoglycan, 4318 nar-adhE region Nostoc sp. strain UCD 7801 0 antigen biogenesis E. coli reductant sources, 7324 S. typhimurium, 649 physical map location, 1574 Nitrogen fixation mutants topology, 649 NarK Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, 1879 0 antigen polymerase gene rfc E. coli, 3303 Nitrogen limitation S. typhimurium, 2521 narL gene B. subtilis, 23 0 antigen synthesis E. coli, 4424 gene expression activation, 23 energy dependence, 3128 mutational analysis, 4424 Nitrogen regulation S. typhimurium, 3128 ndk gene E. ccli, 6355 cad gene E5. coli Nitrogenase T5, 1287 physical map location, 3276 ADP-ribosylation, 6903 ogr transcription Neisseria gonorrhoeae R. rubrum, 6903 P,62 DNA uptake sequence, 3911 Nitrogenase assembly P2, 6927 tylrasers lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis, 78% GroEL, 6339 Ogt DNA mehytrnsers lsi region, 78% Nitrogenase expression in5.vccle,2068 physical map, 5476 A. vinelandii, 4440 invioroep26 pilin export, 7589 Nitrogenase structural genes E.OmpA 99 plasmid mobilization, 5793 Trichodesmium sp. strain NIBB 1067, sign.ccl ti, transforming DNA, 5921 7055 signal peptidemu1997,99mutations,199 Neisseria meningitidis Nitrogenase system, alternative mRA5 tailze lipooligosaccharides R. rubrum, 5705 E.cmpA1.cl,47 endogenous sialylation, 2823 Nitrogenases, alternative cmpB gene Neisseriae, pathogenic aerobic gram-negative nitrogen-fixing 15. ccli, 5800 transposition, 2147 bacteria, 365 integration host factor, 5800 Neopullulanase Nitrogen-fixing bacteria transcription inhibition, 5800 active center, 6147 alternative nitrogenases, 365 OmpF B. stearothermophilus, 6147 Nitrogen-fixing vesicles cloacin DF13 sensitivity, 2420 B. thetaictaomicron, 2%2 Frankia sp. strain Cplu, 2061 15. ccli, 2420 Neurospora crassa lipid vesicles, 2061 cmpF mutations aerial growth induction nlpB gene constitutive cis-acting, 4039 glutathione disulfide excretion, 3243 E. ccli, 5523 15. ccli, 4039 NAD(P) reduction, 3243 Nocardia lactamdurans OmpR, 4039 Neutral protease gene, novel lat gene, 6258 OmpF porin B. subtilis, 6364 nod genes E oi 2,53 nfrX gene Rove orgumizcatium b12paeoi515 regulation by salicylate, 5631 A. vinelandii, 7741 R.dD proumioteru bv hso 20trimerization Nicotinamide mononucleotide transport B.Djprnocmo335 lipopolysaccharide structure, 926 regulation, 1311 Nod jproteinu c36mpH gene S. typhimurium, 1311 R.d pegumin srm 82Y. enterccclitica, 1223 Nicotinate catabolism genes nodn. reguinonrarragm ents7 OmpR A. caulinodans, 2017 R. phaseoli symbiotic plasmid, 2435 15. ccli, 3749 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase Nodulation gene expression phosphorylation, 3749 S. typhimurium, 536 R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, 4277 OmpR mutation nif genes suppression, 4277 15. ccli, 601 R. capsulatus, 2993 Nodulation mutant suppression by EnvZ mutant, 601 nif' regulation R. meliloti, 3060 OmpX protein GroEL, 6339 Nonculturable state 15. clcacae, 156, 161 NifA activity resuscitation, 5054 Oncogenicity suppression B. japonicum, 3478 V. vulnificus, 5054 A. tumefaciens, 5449 oxygen regulation, 3478 Nonspecific acid phosphatase gene phcN pSa csa gene, 5449 NifA inactivation S. typhimurium, 6760 Opine transport E. coli proteases, 382 ncsA gene A. tumefaciens, 903 R. meliloti, 382 P. stutzeri, 5406 cprF gene nifHDK operon Nostoc sp. strain UCD 7801 P. syringae, 768 Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, 7098 nitrogen fixation OprH nifJ-nafF cotranscription reductant sources, 7324 P. aerugincsa, 6657 15. agglomerans, 3252 Novobiocin resistance marker Optical sectioning VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxix criT Pasteurella haemclytica Peptostreptococcus productus deletions, 1012 glyc~oprotease gene, 5597 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydroge- F, 1012 Pasteurella multocida nase, 1414 nick site, 6612 adenylate cyclase, 6265 Peripheral rods R64, 2231, 6612 Pathogenic neisseriae M. xanthus, 3318, 3334, 3342 R1009 6347 transposition, 2147 Periplasmic leakage TraM binding, 6347 pca genes E. coli envAl mutants, 3609 Orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii, 5546 Periplasmic permease mutants gene ura regulation, 5546 S. typhimurium, 1444 disruption, 6790 pcbAll gene Periplasmic proteins M. xanthus, 6790 C. acremonium, 2354 H. obtusa, 4842 Osmoregulation pcbAB gene localization Periplasmic transport system E. ccli, 801, 3749 S. clavuligerus, 6233 A. tumefaciens pTiA6, 6398 proU promoter, 801 PcpA Permeability Osmotic adaptation Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723, M. hungatei, 130 DnaK protein, 4404 2920 pfl gene E. ccli, 4404 Pco E. ccli, 6390 Osmotic signal transduction 16S rRNA methylation, 7213 regulation, 6390 E. ccli, 879 S. pactum, 7213 pH homeostasis, inducible prcU, 879 PDC6 acid tolerance response, 5129 Osmotolerance S. cerevisiae, 7963 S. typhimurium, 5129 choline oxidase gene, 472 Pectate lyase Phanercchaete chrysosporium Outer membrane E. chrysanthemi, 4310 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation, 345 E. coli Sec-dependent secretion, 4310 manganese peroxidase gene transcription BtuB level, 5639 Pectate lyase gene pel activation by manganese, 4101 polyamines P. flucrescens, 4386 transformation vector, 776 E. coli, 3695 pel gene Phaseolotoxin genes S. typhimurium, 3695 P. flucrescens, 4386 P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, 1073 Outer membrane protein OprH Pelobacter carbinclicus Phasyl P. aeruginosa, 6657 acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system, E. coli, 73 Outer membrane ultrastructure 757 two replication origins, 73 pathogenic Treponema and Bcrrelia Pelobacter venetianus pheA gene spp.,. 5585 polyethylene glycol fermentation, 4909 attenuation regulation, 4904 Outer sheath protein porins, 4909 E. coli, 4904 T. denticola, 6935 Penicillin-binding protein lB Phenolic catabolism Outer surface proteins dimeric forms, 5740 R. leguminosarum by. trifolii, 5546 B. burgdcrferi E. ccli, 5740 rglto,54 localization, 8004 Penicillin-binding protein 2 rhegualtion, 5546 oeasthro Oxidative stress gene activation E. ccli Phnyablaie dhdoeaehro E.coli,4433 ponB strains, 4530 ~~~~~~thermophilic actinomycetes, 3943 sexQlcfxBlmarA mutations, 4433 Penicillin-binding protein 2x pheP gene 3-Oxosteroid A'-dehydrogenase gene S. pneumcniae, 6986E.cl,32 P.P.testcstercni,7219 ~Penicillin-binding protein testosteroniB.ubtiis,1807phngeneE.cl,32gene cluster Oxygen toxicity Bsutls187E. ccli, 587 C. 401 Pentachlorophenol necfcrmans, Flavcbacterium sp.hydroxylasehopruasilton58strain ATCC 39723, Phopou siiain 8 4447 phn operon B. submtilsr75 Pentachlorophenol-induced periplasmic E. ccli, 2665 7050 protein PcpA phcN gene B.sigAbopero,sigAoperon,7050 ~~Flavcbacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723, S. typhimurium, 6760 pabA expression 2920 Phosphate transferase system, mannitol E. ccli, 3680 pepD-proA genes specific pagC product E. ccli E.faecalis, 3709 S. typhimurium, 86 physical map locations, 7407 Phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase Palindromy pepT gene regulation deletion formation, 315 S. typhimurium, 3554 S. cerevisiae, 6124 Pantothenic acid synthesis mutants Peptide antibiotic AS.48 S. pcmbe, 6132 B. subtilis, 4240 channel formation, 887 Phosphatidylglyceroylalkylamine pap expression permeation, 887 D. radicdurans, 457 E. ccli, 1789 Pepti'doglycan Popaiyioio methlatin-blckin facor lcus,1789 gram-negative bacteria, 7684 Popaiyioio Paracoccusdehlainblcitrifacans r0acetyation1431 ice-nucleating, bacteria, 2053 dnticas0aeyaon438Phosphatidylserine0 decarboxylase cytochrome c genes, 6948, 6962, 6971 acetylation in vitro, 4618 coordinate regulation, 6432 P. mirabilis, 4318, 4618 mcx genes, 6948, 6962, 6971 in vitro, 4618 S. cerevisiae, 6432 sperminecontent ~~Peptidoglycan~~~~synthesis Phspatdysrieuynhsegeer5Popaiysrn ytaegn S siderophore production, 2238 F. precursor90 S. cerevisiae, 7992 xxx SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Phosphorus assimilation Picoplankto'n pMBI E. coli, 587 168 rRNA genes, 4371 methylation, 3209 phn gene cluster, 587 PHID mutil regulation, 3209 Photopigment s~'nhesis P. aeruginosa, 1175 replication, 3209 attenuated, 5502 protein export, 1175 pNRClOO0, 1958 R. centenum, 5502 Pili pRmeSU47b i'hotosynthe'sis F-like fix phenotype, 3981 R. centenum, 4163 electron spectroscopic imaging, 7728 pSa Photosynthesis operons phosphate, 7728 A. tuimefaciens oncogenicity suppres- coregulation, 6038 Pilin export Sion, 5449 overlapping, 2954' N. gonorrhoeae, 7589 pSDL21 overlapping niRNA transcripts, 1432 Pilin, genes stabilization, 5754 R. capsulatus, 1432, 2954, 6038 inversion regions, 4000 Pseudomonas pP5l Phyco'bilisoimes M. -lacunata, 4000 chloro'benzene genes, 6 glycosylation- absence, 2985 pinO gene pSKIl L, 7573 Phyloge'ny. E. coli pSN22 165 rDNA amplification, 697 physical map location, 7409 tra genes, 7975 apid-eubacterium endosymbiosis, 6321 Plumd replfication transmission genes, 4220 Fran/kia Spp. 4072 cell cycle specific, 2673 pSym pathogenic Candida spp., 2250 F,, 2673 trigonelline catabolism, 2809 rhizobia, 2271 Plasmids pTiA6 RNase P RNA A. tumefaciens Ti periplasmic transport system, 6398 proteobac-teria', 3855 transfer enhancement, 1867 R6K spirochetes, 6011 B. burgdorferi integrtion host factor, 1279 Physical mapping. telomeric structure, 7233 replication, 1279 P. melitensis, 2219 B. fragilis pBFTM 1O. R64 E. coli conjugal transfer, 7471 oriT nick site,. 6612 aerobic 'respiratory chain genes, 1569 B. thutringiensis oriT operon, 2231 amtA, 1572 replication origin's, 5280 R100 asc (sac), 5250 Bacteroides pBF4 TraM-oriT binding, 6347 bglAt 1571 DNA inversion, 5239 RI 162 eda; 5247 Collb-P9 AT-rich DNA melting, 5539 edd.4 5247 ard gene, 5887 R. leguminosarum by. phaseoli, 2411 fadBA ope~ron, 7405 diatom species, 5924 rearrangementsi 1344 fdv gene, 7414 F R. melioti pRmeSU47b galS gene, 7412 oriT deletions, 1012- fix phenotype, 3981 greA, 5256 rep'lication, cell cycle, specific, 2673 R. meliloti pSym himA,, 5249 T7 transcription, 947 trigonelline catabolism, 2809 hip, 5249 trbC gene, 3872 -R. phaseoli hydGH, 3274 H.- halobium gas vesicle plasmid, 1958 nod-niY' region rearrangements, 2435 ilvBN,. 5258 Inc RecJ overexpressioin, 353 lip, 5258- replication regions, 2393 recombination enhancement metG, 3273 L. lactis suibsp. cremoris tSlI,77ra genes, 1027 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolatte dehy- mini-F RK2 4rogenase/5.I0-methenyl-tetrahy- E.~coli mukb~null mutant, 6643 broad-host-range properties, 5861 drofolate cyclohydrolase gene, mutant RepE protein, 1064 kiA operon, 3463 5251 partioning,, 6643 /corF locus, 826 mgl operon, 7412 N. g-on'orrhoeae TrfA protein genes, 5861 mrp, 3273 mobilization', 5793 RK2Ter nar-adhE region, 1574 NRI kiA-tellurite resistance region, 1111I nd/c,3276 stability operon transcription,, 2378 RSF1010 pepD-proA genes, 7407 P1- conjugation to S. lividans and M. pinO gene, 7409 partition site, 3630 smegmatis, 6705 poymerase chain reaction, 5253 replication origin, 3935 RtslI poxB, 5258 pBF4 host Tsg phenotype, 2600 purL-D, 3274 DNA inversion, 5239 S. aureus p1258 rfa locus, 7410 pBFTMIO mercury resistance determinant, 5234 rrnE,3274 ~~~~~~~~conjugal transfer, 7471 S. coelicolor SCP1 serA,1571 ~~~~~~~pBR322 physical characterization,, 1523 smallstableRA genes, 5252gyrase inhibitors, 5551 S. dublin pSDL2 smpAandstable 3271ne,25 knotted DNA species, 5551 stabilization, 5754 zwf, 5247 replication, 4736 S. typhirnurhim virulence., 7176 L.-ci,26 SOS-induced cells, 4736 Salmonella spp. M.xanthus,2109 ~~~~pCFIO vsdC growth regulation, 6783 7665 sex pheromone., 3029 N.gonorrhoeae,5476 ~~~Ascl10,pheromone-responsive genes, 7650 Streptomyces pSN22 S. p'neUmoniae, 7361 transfer, 7650, 7665 tra genes, 7975 VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxxi

growth regulation, 6783 Promoter strength anaerobic regulation, 4742 pncB gene DNA cloning, 5105 inducible promoter, 4742 S. typhimurium, 536 S. pneumoniae, 5105 biosurfactant production, 4212 pnlA gene Protease III branched-chain amino acid transport E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, 1765 E. ccli, 2696 gene, 1855 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) biosynthetic' op- Protease SM braZ gene, 1855 eron secretion in E. ccli, 2160 catabolite repression control gene crc, A. eutrophus, 168 Protease Vpr 7204 Polyamines B. subtilis, 6889 catabolite repression control mutants, outer membrane Protease-deficient strains 4700 E. ccli, 3695 B. subtilis, 4952 crc gene, 7204 S. typhimu'rium, 3695 E. coli, 2696 elastase production, 6153 Polygalacturonase expression-secretion system, 4952 exoenzyme S A. tumefaciens, 6547 Protein export regulation, 6460 virulence factor, 6547 P. aeruginosa, 1175 hydrocarbon assimilation, 4212 Poly(P3-hydroxybutyric acid)-leaky mutants PiID, 1175 la'sR gene, 3000 A. eutrophus, 5843 Protein synthesis lipopolysaccharide, A band Polymerase chain reaction external pH, 910 expression, ,5624 E. ccli genes M. luteus, 3514 LIV-I11 carrier gene, 1855 physical mapping, 5253 T. ferrooxidans, 910 outer membrane protein OprH Polyphosphate':AMP phosphotransferase Proteinase maturation protein PrtM function, 6657 Acinetobacter sp. strain 210A, 6484 Lactococcus spp., 4517 Pt3 ponB strains Proteobacteria replication origin, 4007 E. ccli, 4530 RNase P RNA PilD penicillin-binding protein 2, 4530 evolution, 3855 protein export, 1175 Porin sequence analysis phylogenetic analysis, 3855 proelastase processing, 7781 C. acidovorans,'2196 Proteolysis protein secretion, 479 Porins DnaK, 2691 regAB opero'n A. delafieldii, 4182 E. ccli, 2691 promoter regulation, 6088 P. venetianus, polyethylene glycol fer- Proteus mirabilis RNA polymerase, 394 menting, 4909 carbenicillin-hydrolyzing penicillinase trpBA promoter Porphyrins gene, 7038 activation by Trpl, 3763 P. gingivalis growth regulation, 7330 peptidoglycan mutants, 3756 Porphyromonas gingivalis 0 acety'lation, 4318 TrpI protein adhesion 0 acetylation in vitro, 4618 indoleglycerol phosphate, 1590 A. viscosus, 2581, 5266 synthesis in vitro, 4618 xcpA gene, .479 fimbriae, 5266 swarming behavior mutants, 6279Psumnaceci fibronectin interactions, 4263 transp'oson mutagenesis, 6289 lps eelp coig 5 growth regulation Protonophore-resistant mutants 5 host ironi transport proteins, 7330 Bacillus spp., 7750 coig porphyrins, 7330 fatty acid desaturase deficiency, 7750exrsin59 Potassium transport prcUseun,59 constitutive systems, 687 E. ccli, 879, 7481 Pseudomonas chlcroraphis E. ccli, 687 osmotic signal transduction, 879 aiaegn,26 pcxBgene regulation, 7481 ~~~~~~~~~~~~nitrilehydratase gene, 2465 E. ccli prcU promoterPsumnadeirfcs physical map location, 5258 E. ccli, 801 cob genes, 6058, 6066, 6074 prc gene prsB gene cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase, 6300 E. coli, 4799 prsA allele, 1978 cobalamin biosynthesis, 6046, 6052, Predation S. typhimurium, 1978 6058, 6066, 6074 B. bactericvcrus prtl gene Pseudcmcnas flucrescens S layers, 2244 E. carctcvcra subsp. carctcvcra, 6537 growth temperature Pre-rRNA processing psbDII gene exported enzyme activities, 3814 S. cerevisiae, 7024 regulatory elements, 7525 pectate lyase gene pel, 4386 Prespore engulfment Synechcccccus sp'. strain PCC 7942, Pseudcmcnas mendccina B. subtilis, 3159 7525 toluene-4-monooxygenase, 3010, 3017 prfA mutants Psucca euicatoluene-4-monooxygenase genes, 5315 release factor 1, 4144 AbnlipoyacrdePseudomonas mevalcnii S. typhirnurium, 4144 exrsio,52 mvaAB operon priA mutant AgRpoenoperator, 3803 E. ccli, 6686 repnergltr 78Pseudom6nas paucimcbilis SOSresponse,6686 ~AlgB 13-etherase gene, 7950 prIA alleles, novel A-Ry-hexachlorocyclohexane~~response regulator, 1406 degradation E.ccli,2289 binding, 5136 gn,61 Proelastase processing ~~~~~algDpuiiain 16Pseudcmcnas pickettii Prolineutilization se~purfcrtionges,5291sedmca6ptd entaeruicnacera, 7783 ecansm,520catRoprotein 4717g atwy,48 reglaio,11 mCgn,41slaiepretio lcseseii oi,47 xxxii SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Pseudomonas solanacearum Pyruvate decarboxylase gene PDC6 Replacement recombination extracellular polysaccharide genes, 7841 S. cerevisiae, 7963 L. lactis, 4794 extracellular polysaccharide production Pyruvate formate-lyase gene pfl Replication origin gene cluster, 1654 E. ccli, 6390 B. thuringiensis plasmids, 5280 lipopolysaccharide genes, 7841 regulation, 6390 E. ccli, 4537 virulence gene cluster, 1654 hemimethylation, 4537 Pseudomonas sp., denitrifying Queuine biosynthesis genes initiation in vitro, 4537 aromatic acid-coenzyme A ligases, 5494 E. coli, 2256 P1, 3935 Pseudomonas sp. strain ACP Mt, 4007 1-aminocyclopropane-1I-carboxylate rbc genes Replication regions deaminase gene, 5260 T. ferrooxidans Inc plasmids, 2393 Pseudomonas sp. strain ATCC 21808 two sets, 7313 Replicon separation extracellular lipase, 4836 rcbR gene R. meliloti, 5173 Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS3 C. v'inosum, 5224 Restriction of modified DNA 2-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenases, 1530 RcsA E. coli, 2707 Pseudomonas sp. strain P5-1 capsular polysaccharide synthesis, 1738 nomenclature, 2707 chlorobenzene dioxygenase genes, 7077 E. ccli, 1738 Restriction-modification systems, type II chlorobenzene genes, plasmid encoded, rdgB mutants regulatory gene family, 1367 6 defect suppression by purA, 1360 Retroelement tcbCDEF gene cluster, 2425 E. coli, 1360 E. coli seiC gene, 4171 tcbR gene, 3700 rDNA, 16S Reverse gyrase Tn528O, 7077 amplification, 697 thermophilic eubacteria, 3918 Pseudomonas spp. phylogenetic study, 697 Reverse transcriptase genes s-triazine catabolic genes, 1215, 1363 recA gene M. xanthus, 5363 Pseudomonas stutzeri R. phaseoli, 3035 rfa genes nosA gene, 5406 recA locus E. ccli, 6428 Pseudomonas syringae M. tuberculosis, 5653 regulation, 6428 oprF gene, 768 RecA protein rfa locus RNA polymerase, 394 constitutive activation, 5869 E. coli tabtoxin biosynthetic region, 4124 E. coli, 5869 physical map location, 7410 Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea UV-mediated activation, 5869 5. typhimurium avirulence genes, 301 recA-like mutants physical map location, 7410 Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola gram-negative bacteria, 404 rfaGBJJ locus hrp cluster, 575 isolation, 404 5. typhhlimluriu, 6168 phaseolotoxin genes, 1073 RecBCD rfaH suppressors Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae E. ccli, 5808 5. typhimurium, 5188 syrB gene X Gain protein, 5808 rfaLK region plant signals, 5784 recG locus S. typhimluriuml, 7151 Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi E. ccli, 1004, 6837 rfb gene anthranilate synthase gene trpE, 463 recJ gene E. ccli, 55 Pseudomonas testosteroni E. ccli, 353 rfb regions 3-oxosteroid M'-dehydrogenase gene, RecJ overexpression plasmids Salmonella serovars, 4814 7219 E. ccli, 353 rfc gene PSS gene Recombination S. typhimluriumf, 2521 S. cerevisiae, 7992 definition of species, 7257 Rhizobia Psu deletion, 869 phylogeny, 2271 antitermination protein, 6722 E. coli phytoalexin resistance, inducible, 3432 P4, 6722 ruvC mutants, 5414 sra gene pts operon indirect stimulation symbiosis, 6373 E. ccli, 727 E. ccli, 6192 Rhizobiaceae positive regulation, 727 L. lactis, 4794 genomes puf mutants T7, 869 restriction endonucleases, 704 R. rubrum, 5712 Recombination enhancement size, 704 pufoperon tra genes, 1027 stability, 704 mRNA degradation, 1478 Recombinational pathways 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid, 2155 R. capsulatus, 1478 B. subtilis, 3977 Rhizobium leguminosarum Pullulanase regAB operon NodF protein, 2872 active center, 6147 P. aeruginosa, 6088 Rhiobiugeguiosrmbeshael B. 6147 promoter 6088 genes stearothermophilus, regulation, node 25 function reC mutation aio, purE novla orgaraniza etio , 1250 S. typhimurium, 6597 pleiotropic effects, 2297syboiplasmidrarneet,14 thiamine synthesis, 6597 5. antibioticus, 2297 structural complexity, 2411 purHD operon Release factor 1 Rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii E. coli S. typhimurium prfA mutants, 4144 interaction with clover physical map location, 3274 RepE protein cultivar specificity, 2791 put control region mini-F mutant, 1064 pca genes VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxxiii

nodulation gene expression ribulose 1 ,5-bisphosphate carboxylase- RNase P RNA suppression, 4277 oxygenase genes proteobacteria, 3855 Rhizobium loti double mutant, 2099 RNase PH exopolysaccharide mutants, 851 Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. E. coli, 5589 Rhizobium melilioti denitrificans orf'E, 5589 alfalfa symbiosis dimethyl sulfoxide reductase RNase T early recognition, 3492 translocation, 3277 E. coli, 1376 aspartate aminotransferase, 2879 Rhodococcus sp. physiological role, 1376 cyclic glucans enantiomer-selective amidase, 6694 rnpB gene biosynthesis, 3021 Rhodospirilium centenum E. coi, 1813 excretion, 3021 photopigment synthesis, attenuated, rodC operon exo genes 5502 B. subtilis, 4341 regulation, 426 photosynthesis expression, 4341 exoD gene, 664 genetic analysis, 4163 ros gene exoG mutations, 3776 Rhodospirilium rubrum A. tumefaciens, 2608 exoJ mutations, 3776 ADP-ribosylation rpoA mutations exopolysaccharide EPSb nitrogenase, 6903 E. coi, 7501 low phosphate concentrations, 7391 alternative nitrogenase system, 5705 S. typhimurium, 7511 exoR gene, 3789 dinitrogenase reductase rpoCl gene FIXJ protein, 5914 glycine 100, 6159 Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, 3446 fiagellin gene mutations, 3716 nitrogenase rpoC evolution, 3446 fiagellin genes ADP-ribosylation, 6903 rpoC genes expression, 2077 puf mutants, 5712 evolution, 3446 filament structure, 2077 Ribonucleotide reduction rpoC mutation ftsZ homolog, 5822 R. prowazekii, 1471 chromosomal replication control, 5200 iivC product L-Ribose-utilizing mutants E. coi, 1492, 5200 alfalfa nodulation, 7756 E. coi, 2459 nusA function, 1492 ISRm3, 2530 Ribosome mutants RpoH 1psZ gene, 3235 kirromycin resistance, 3635 E. coi, 1992 NifA inactivation Ribosome-releasing factor cistron frr starvation survival, 1992 E. coi proteases, 382 E. coi, 5181 rpoN homologs nodulation mutant W1,131, 3060 promoter region, 5181 B. japonicum, 1125 pRmeSU47b Ribulose 1 ,5-bisphosphate carboxylase- rpsD gene fix phenotype, 3981 oxygenase genes B. subtilis, 4595 ndvF locus, 3981 double mutant, 2099 regulation, 4595 nodule development, 3981 R. sphaeroides, 2099 rRNA, 16S pSym, 2809 Ribulose-l1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase! methylation replicon separation, 5173 oxygenase S. pactum pct, 7213 trigonelline catabolism, 2809 in situ assay, 1565 rRNA, 23S trpE(G) attenuator, 3382 T. neapoitanus, 1565 chloramphenicol resistance mutations, trpE(G) promoter, 5831 Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase genes 35 Rhizobium phaseoli T. ferrooxidansH.hlbu,35 recA gene, 3035 two sets, 7313 H.N haelobumt355 symbiotic plasmid Rickettsia prowazeki rRNA23genecutergncsae,43 nod-nif region rearrangements, 2435 ATP/ADP translocase, 3389 16S 23intergenic spce,323 Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 deoxycytidine nucleotides 4234 heterologous exopolysaccharide produc- deamination, 4902rRAgns16S.N peneumsa, tion, 3066 ribonucleotide reduction, 1471 marine picoplankton, 4371 Rhizobium spp. thymidylate acquisition, 1704 rRNA operons lipopolysaccharide Rickettsiae C. perfringens, 5431 infection thread development, 5371 genotypic identification, 1576 rRNA precursor processing Rhodaneselike protein intraspecies sequence divergence, 1576 S. cerevisiae, 7024 cyanobacterial, 2751 RNA genes rRNA primary transcripts Rhodobacter capsuiatus 75 replacement of 4.5S, 1835 processing, 2681 fruK gene, 3117 E. coi, 1835 T. thermophiius, 2681 hupR, gene, 5928 RNA helicase termination, 2681 hydrogen oxidation genes, 2401 deaD gene, 3291 rRNA synthesis light-harvesting complex I E. coi, 3291 E. coi, 1168 incorporation into intracytoplasmic RNA polymerase ppGpp concentration, 1168 membrane, 5336 K. aerogenes, 116 rRNA transcription rate nif genes, 2993 P. aeruginosa, 39 E. coi, 6647 photosynthesis operons P. syringae, 39 rrnE operon coregulation, 6038 RNA polymerase, DNA dependent E. coi overlapping, 2954 C. acetobutyicum, 2120phsclmpoatn,37 overlapping mRNA transcripts, 1432 RNA polymerase omega subunit phsialmalcaion27 pufoperon E. coi, 3901 mRNA degradation, 1478 stringent RNA control, 3901S.eeiie,25RSF. genevs ,25 Rhodobactersphaeroides RNDXAs, sml talReptum formation, 25-56 xxxiv SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL. ruvC mutants CYR3 mutation, 4533 metH gene E. coli, 5414 rRNA precursor processing, 7024 MetR binding site, 3547 recombination, 5414 RSFJ gene nadI gene ruvC product septum formation, 2556 bifunctional protein, 1302 E. coli, 7711 septum formation nicotinamide mononucleotide transport RSFJ gene, 2556 regulation, 1311 S20 mRNA sphingolipid gene LCBJ, 4325 nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase E. coli, 2488 sphingolipid localization, 3101 primary structure, 536 endonucleolytic cleavage STB locus nonspecific acid phosphatase gene ams product, 2488 DNA sequence, 1181 phoN, 6760 S genes polymorphism, 1181 0 antigen biogenesis lambdoid phages subcellular membranes topology, 649 dual start motif, 2897 lipid composition, 2026 0 antigen polymerase gene rfc, 2521 S layer phospholipid synthesis, 2026 0 antigen synthesis B. bacteriovorus SUP201 gene, 2406 energy dependence, 3128 predation, 2244 telomere length outer membrane M. sinense, 6865 aging, 6709 polyamines, 3695 S layer protein gene sipA MhOO mutation, 2716 pagC, 86 T. thermophilus, 5346 UASNTR pepT gene, 3554 Saccharomyces cerevisiae allantoin pathway gene activation, periplasmic permease mutants, 1444 ABF-1I protein 4977 pH homeostasis, inducible CAR] expression, 6332 saturation mutagenesis, 4977 acid tolerance response, 5129 acetaldehyde dismutation, 7012 upstream induction sequence, 7186 phoN gene, 6760 acid phosphatase uracil-DNA-glycosylase mutant physical map N glycosylation, 3539 cytosine deamination repair, 6807 rfa locus, 7410 protein folding, 3539 spontaneous mutations, 6807 pncB gene aging vanadate-dependent NADH oxidation cloning, 536 telomere length, 6709 membrane stimulated, 834 nucleic acid sequence, 536 aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, mito- YmL33 nuclear gene, 4013 polyamines chondrial, 3199 Saccharopolyspora erythraea outer membrane, 3695 allantoin pathway acyl carrier protein gene, 4379 prfA mutants specific cis-acting element, 7186 Salmonella dublin release factor 1, 4144 allantoin system induction, 255 virulence plasmid pSDL2 proline utilization blm mutants, 3605 stabilization, 5754 regulation, 211 CAR] expression Salmonella enteritidis prsB gene ABF-1 protein, 6332 fimbriae, 4765, 4773 prsA allele, 1978 CCT gene Salmonella serovars purF function expression in E. coli, 2134 rib regions, 4814 thiamine synthesis, 6597 Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase null mu- Salmonella spp. PutA protein tants, 5918 plasmid gene vsdC DNA binding in vitro, 211 CYR3 mutation, 4533 growth regulation, 6783 release factor 1 DAL82 gene, 255 Salmonella typhimurium prfA mutants, 4144 diadenosine tetraphosphate acid shock, 68% rfa locus paradoxical increase, 7875 acid tolerance, 68% physical map location, 7410 dinucleoside triphosphatase, 5275 acid tolerance response rfaGBJJ locus, 6168 glucose repression, 2045 inducible pH homeostasis, 5129 rfaH suppressors, 5188 heat shock response ada gene, 3656, 3663 rfaLK region, 7151 inducers, 7429 alkylation damage rfc gene, 2521 lanosterol 14a-demethylase adaptive response, 3656, 3663 rpoA mutations, 7511 induction, 1035 asr operon, 1544 samAB operon, 1051 substrate specificity, 1035 bacteriophage host ranges, 5230 StyLTI restriction-modification system, LCBi gene, 4325 cysB gene 1321, 1328 maltose transporters, 1817 autoregulation, 2212 thiamine synthesis mannose metabolism, 2006 cysP promoter, 5876 PurF function, 6597 MFrxl ar-factor precursor DNA damage-inducible loci, 3587 umuDC-like operon samAB, 1051 glycosylation role, 627 DnaA protein virulence plasmid gene structure role, 627 growthratepr5194n 5regulation, 7176 mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase e.tcclnrf, exresin,55virulence protein, 86 gene, 3199 eutF gene,56 Salt shock NADH oxidation, vanadate dependent expression, 5893 ATP/ADP ratio, 3914 membrane stimulated, 834 fiagellar assembly, 2301 DNA supercoiling, 3914 PDC6, 7"3 fiagellar base structure, 2888 samAB operon phosphatidyiglycerolphosphate synthase flagellar filament regrowth, 3564 5. typhimurium, 1051 regulation, 6124 fiagellin synthesis, 2301 sbcC gene phosphatidylserine decarboxylase flgM gene, 6453 conjugational transfer, 5694 coordinate regulation, 6432 Flu protein, 3564 E. coli, 5694 phophaidyseinesynhas gneePS omt eyrgns eefh cioacaoye ob VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxxv scrY gene Sigma factors, cry specific Sphingolipid localization E. ccli, 449 B. thuringiensis, 3846 S. cerevisiae, 3101 secA mRNA aASpircchaeta aurantia E. ccli, 6605 B. subtilis, 3282 anthranilate synthase gene trpE, 541 translation regulation, 6605 interaction with promoters, 3282 flagellar filament polypeptides, 1357 secA mutations uB'-dependent gene Spirochetes dominant, 860 B. subtilis, 7856 phylogeny, 6101 E. ccli, 860 aESpiroplasma citri Sec-dependent secretion B. subtilis, 7828 chioramphenicol acetyltransferase syn- E. chrysanthemi pectate lyase, 4310 spollID, 7828 thesis, 2225 Secreted alkaline phosphatase gene USfibril protein gene, 4353 L. enzymogenes, 4551 bolA expression, 4474 spcOA gene Secretion E. coli, 4474 B. subtilis, 2625 B. subtilis, 2278 stationary-phase morphology, 4474 promoter switching, 2625 P. aeruginosa alkaline protease, 5290 sin gene transcription regulation, 2625 P. aeruginosa xcpA gene, 479 B. subtilis, 678 spcOE product phcA fusions, 2278 DNA-binding protein, 678 B. subtilis, 2514 Secretion genes Single-stranded-DNA-binding protein negative regulation of sporulation, 2514 A. hydrophila, 1241 E. ccli F, 2720 spoOH gene sel genes ssb deletion complementation, 2720 B. subtilis, 521 E. ccli, 4983 Site-specific insertion regulation, 521 seC gene Tn7, 3021 spoOJ gene E. ccli, 4171 Site-specific recombinase genes B. subtilis, 1911 retroelement, 4171 Shigella spp., 4079 spoOK locus Selectable mutant phenotypes sipA gene B. subtilis, 1388 S. acidocaldarius, 7725 T. thermophilus, 5346 spoIIAB gene Selenoprotein A gene sit gene B. subtilis, 6678 C. purinclyticum, 2093 E. ccli, 6773 endospore formation, 6678 Septum formation Small, acid-soluble protein SpolIGA protein RSFJ gene, 2556 B. subtilis, 1642 B. subtilis, 7821 S. cerevisiae, 2556 synthesis in E. coli, 1642 spolIID serA gene Small, acid-soluble spore protein genes B. subtilis, 7828 E. ccli B. subtilis, 2011 aE, 7828 physical map location, 1571 Small stable RNA genes spcIIIG gene serA promoter E. ccli B. subtilis, 2977 E. ccli, 5944 physical map locations, 5252 transcription, 2977 L-Serine deaminase, novel smfG gene Spore coat protein gene E. ccli, 2473 S. marcescens, 3257 B. subtilis, 2915 Serine protease Vpr smpA and smpB genes Spore coat protein U B. subtilis, 6889 E. ccli M. xanthus, 3597 Serratia marcescens physical map location, 3271 Spore coat structure adhesion capacity gene smfG, 3257 Sodium concentration B. subtilis, 6618 protease SM halophilic eubacterium, 7021 germination alterations, 6618 secretion in E. ccli, 2160 schB gene Spore protein C smfG gene, 3257 E. ccli, 5763 M. xanthus, 2141 Sex pheromone plasmids htrA multicopy suppressor, 5763 Spore protein genes E. faecalis, 3029 Soluble lytic transglycosylase B. subtilis, 2011 sfsl gene E. ccli, 5668, 6773 Spore proteins, mutant CRP*-dependent mal expression, 2644 subcellular distribution, 5668 B. subtilis, 4827 E. ccli, 2644 505 induction effects on DNA, 4827 Sheath pBR322 replication, 4736 Sporulation promoter M. hungatei, 6213 transposition, 6910 B. subtilis, 7557 Shiga toxin SOS mutagenesis upstream activating sequence, 7557 mutational analysis, 1151 MI131acI, 7996 spcVB gene Shiga-like toxin type 11 SOS regulation B. subtilis, 7942 mutational analysis, 1151 B. subtilis, 6489 sra gene Shigella flexneri SOS response rhizobia, 6373 enterobactin gene cluster, 816 E. ccli symbiosis, 6373 Shigella spp priA mutant, 6686 Srf function site-specific recombinase genes, 4079 soxQlcfxBlmarA mutations arcA product, 5648 Shuttle vectors E. ccli, 4433 E. ccli, 5648 ~~oxidative stress gene activation, 4433 srfA expression Sieohaobacthalobacteria,eeiam3803807 scxRS regulon B. subtilis, 7269, 7275 geneam1 E. ccli, 2864 srfA operon A.iderophoreA. hydrcphla 511speA regulation B. subtilis, 1770, 5487 E. ccli, 3615 transcription initiation region, 5487 B.sigAioperonB.subtilis,70505 definition ssb deletion Pi promoter, 7050 ~~~~Speciesreomiato,7257 E' cclI, 21720 xxxvi SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

Staphylococcus aureus Streptomyces coelicolor Sulfur oxidation cadA cadmium resistance, 7636, 7643 AfsR protein DNA region, 7340 capsule materials phosphorylation, 2311 T. pantotropha, 7340 distribution, 4333 glnR locus, 7351 Sulfur-regulated genes enterotoxin B gene SCP1 cyanobacterial, 2739, 2751 host factors, 1827 physical characterization, 1523 SunY protein regulation, 1827 transposition, 5060 T4, 6980 femA gene Streptomyces glaucescens SUP201 gene interpeptide bridge synthesis, 3507 chromosomal deletion, 3531 S. cerevisiae, 2406 fluoroquinolone resistance locus, 5854 tetracenomycin C polyketide synthase, Superoxide dismutase hia transcription, 6313 6475 H. haloium IacABCD genes, 5992 Streptomyces griseofuscus heat shock, 5582 mec determinant phage FP43, 3770 Superoxide dismutase null mutants hypervariable region, 7416 Tn5O96 transposition, 1096 5. cerevisiae, 5918 pI258, 7636, 7643 Streptomyces griseus Superoxide response regulon p1258 mercury resistance determinant, amylases E. coli, 2864 5234 characterization, 2451 supH and supP suppressors tagatose 6-phosphate pathway, 5992 expression in S. lividans, 2451 E. coli, 412 Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resis- processing, 2451 temperature sensitivity, 412 tant ferredoxin reductase, 7106 Surface antigenic variation autolysis, 1105 Streptomyces hygroscopicus M. hyorhinis, 4782 STE locus bialaphos biosynthesis, 4454 Surgeonfish symbiont DNA sequence, 1181 Streptomyces lividans largest known prokaryote, 5359 polymorphism, 1181 RSF1O1O conjugation, 6705 Swarming S. cerevisiae, 1181 Streptomyces pactum P. mirabilis, 6279 Streptococcus agalactiae pct Swimming response lipoteichoic acid 16S rRNA methylation, 7213 C. minus, 997 molecular analysis, 487 Streptomyces parulus sxy-1 mutation Streptococcus faecalis actinophage R4 H. infiuenzae, 5612 autolysin clone, 5619 site-specific integration, 4237 Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 Streptococcus pneumoniae carbon metabolism atypical alkaline phosphatase gene, 4297 chromosome size, 7361 gas chromatography-mass spectrome- psbDIJ gene ComA transport protein, 372 try, 7790 regulatory elements, 7525 DNA cloning nuclear magnetic resonance spectrom- rhodaneselike protein, 2751 promoter strength, 5105 etry, 7790 sulfate transport genes, 2739 gene localization, 7361 Streptomyces plasmid pSN22 sulfur-regulated genes, 2739, 2751 HexA transmission genes, 4220 Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 negative complementation effect in E. Streptomyces rubiginosus guaiesnhts coli,71% xylose degradation genes, 6849 ~regulation by nitrogen source, 4095 mutation avoidance Streptomyces spp. light-activated heterotrophy, 2761 uracil-DNA glycosylase, 283 lysine e-aminotransferase gene, 985 syrB gene penicillin-binding protein 2x, 6986 pSN22 P. syringae pv. syringae, 5784 physical map, 7361 tra genes, 7975 plant signals, 5784 promoter strength Tn5O96Syigmcnpoutn DNA cloning, 5105 transposition, 5578 P.syrinoying pvsrodciong,58 rRNA gene cluster Tn5O99 p.ansyigngaespv5srnge8 58 16S-23S intergenic spacer, 4234 xylE promoter probe, 5573plnsias,58 TnS2S3, 1617 Stress proteins transformation, 372 Z. mobilis, 5975 Tabtoxin biosynthetic region uracil-DNA glycosylase Stringent RNA control P. syringae, 4124 mutation avoidance, 283 E. co~l, 3901 Tagatose 6-phosphate pathway Streptococcus pyogenes RNA polymerase omega subunit, 3901 5. aureus, 5992 M protein regulator, 2617 StyLTI restriction-modification system Tap Mry, 2617 5. typhimurium, 1321, 1328 E. co~l, I1120 Streptococcus salivarius Subcellular membranes Taxis proteins endodextranase, 7423 5. cerevisiae, 2026 archaebacteria, 5837 Streptococcus sobrinus Subtilin production tcbCDEF gene cluster water-insoluble glucan synthetase, 989 B. subtilis, 7387 Pseudomonas sp. strain P51, 2425 Streptomyces albus competence transformation, 7387 tcbR gene groEL-like genes, 7374, 7382 Sucrose genes, plasmid encoded Pseudomonas sp. strain P51, 3700 GroEL-like proteins, 7374 major promoter, 7464 tdh gene Streptomyces ambofaciens Sucrose porin gene scrY insertion sequence-mediated spread, genetic instability, 4229 E. coli, 449 5036 Streptomyces antibioticus Sulfate transport genes Vibrio species, 5036 MeC mutation cyanobacterial, 2739 tdh promoter pleiotropic effects, 2297 Sulfite reductase overexpression E. coli, 5944 Streptomycesclavuligerus cysG, 325T T-DNA trnanfer VOL. 173, 1991 SUBJECT INDEX xxxvii

Temperature Thioredoxin system L. lactis subsp. lactis P. flucrescens C. litoralis, 5983 composite transposon, 7599 exported enzyme activities, 3814 E. acidaminophilum, 5983 Pseudomonas Tn528O, 7077 Temperature-induced protein synthesis glycine reductase, 5983 S. pneumoniae TnS2S3, 1617 B. stearothermophilus, 4889 Thicsphaera pantotropha Tn5 terB sulfur-oxidizing ability E. ccli LexA, 6406 E. coli, 7695 DNA region, 7340 transposase control, 6406 M13 replication origin, 7695 thyA gene Tn7 TerE E. ccli, I1193 site-specific insertion of gene cas- E. ccli, 391 Thymidylate acquisition settes, 3021 Terminal oxidases, multiple R. prowazekii, 1704 Tn9J6 B. firmus, 5010 Thymidylate synthase conjugative transposition, 4347 Terminase gene mutations C. trachomatis, 6670 gram-negative bacteria, 443 X, 5086 Tobrarnycin uptake gram-positive bacteria, 443 Tet protein domains ATP, 2800 second-copy transfer, 319 tetracycline resistance, 4503 E. coli, 2800 trans activation, 7136 Tetracenomycin C polyketide synthase Toluene-4-monooxygenase transfer, 443 S. glaucescens', 6475 P. mendocina, 3010, 3017 TnI696 Tetracycline resistance Toluene-4-monooxyg'enase genes nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resis- Tet protein domains, 4503 P' mendocina, 5315 tance gene cmlA, 4493 Tetracycline resistance gene p-Toluene sulfonate methyl-monooxygen- TnSO96 Bactercides transposons, 176 ase S. griseofuscus, 1096 tgt operon C. testosteroni, 3741 transposition from Streptomyces plas- E. ccli, 2256 TonB membrane topology mid, 5578 Thermcmonospora fusca E. ccli, 5554 Tn5O99 endoglucanase genes, 3397 PhoA fusions, 5554 Streptomyces xylE promoter probe, Thermophiles' topA deletion mutants 5573 tRNA modification, 3138 E. ccli, 5564 TnS2S3, 1617 Thermophiles, extreme novobiocin dependent, 5564 Tn528O folate distribution, 1987 tra genes chlorobenzene dioxygenase genes, Thermophilic actinomycetes recombination enhancement, 1027 7077 thermostable phenylalanine dehydroge- Streptomyces pSN22, 7975 Pseudomonas sp. strain P51, 7077 nase, 3943' TraM protein Transsulfuration Thermophilic eubacteria criT binding, 6347 archaebacteria, 3250 reverse gyrase, 3918 R100, 6347 trbC gene Thermoreception Transformation F, 3872 E. ccli A. mediterranei, 6325 Trehalose synthesis Tap, 1120 B. thuringiensis, 1353 E. ccli, 1187 Trg, 1120 C. boidinli, 7458 -Trehalose synthesis genes Thermostable neutral protease C. Michiganense, 184 E. ccli, 7918 B. caldolyticus, 4107 Caulcbacter spp., 921 os, 7918 Thermostable phenylalanine dehydroge- D. radicdurans, 6110 thermotolerance, 7918 nase S. pneumoniae, 372 Treponema denticola thermophilic actinomycetes, 3943 Transformation vector outer sheath protein, 6935 Thermus thermophilus P. chrysosporium, 776 Treponema phagedenis DNA ligase gene, 5047 Transformation-related loci bent-end morphology, 4820 rRNA primary transcripts H. influenzae, 4675, 4'683 Treponema -spp., pathogenic processing, 2681 Transforming DNA outer membrane ultrastructure, 5585 termination, 2681 N. gcncrrhoeae, 5921 Trg S layer protein gene slpA, 5346 Translation E. ccli, 1120 xylose isomerase gene, 3078 M. luteus, 3514 s-Triazine catabolic genes thi8O mutation Translation initiation factor IF3 Pseudomonas spp., 1215, 1363 S. cerevisiae, 2716 E. ccli, 3888 Trichodesmium sp. strain NIBB 1067 Thiamine synthesis growth rate regulation, 3888 adenine modification, 7059 purF function, 6597 Translational specificity nitrogenase structural genes, 7055 S. typhimuriuim, 6597 anomalous, 67 Trigonelline catabolism Thiobacillus ferrccxidans Transposition R. meliloti, 2809 protein synthesis IS630, 6207 trkG gene externalpH,910 ~~~pathogenic neisseriae, 2147E.cl,37 ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase genes S. crieelicusr56 trmA promoter two sets, 7313 TnO6 06E. ccli, 1757 Thicbacillus neapclitanus SSidcon690tRNA modification ribulose-1 ,5-bisphosphate carboxylase! SOS inutin9 61 thermophiles, 3138 oxygenase trp genes insituassay,1561565 Tn5096, 5578 asay, Transposon mutagenesis M. thermcautctrcphicum, 5017 TiccapuTicparcsecpersicina P.- mirabilis, 6289 trpBA promoter xxxviii SUBJECT INDEX J. BACTERIOL.

:rpE(G) attenuator Urease gene cluster Water-insoluble glucan synthetase R. me/iloti, 3382 H. pylon, 1920 S. sobrinus, 989 trpE(G) promoter Uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphory- White-opaque transition Rmeli/oti, 5831 lase gene C. albicans, 7436 TrpI protein A. xylinum', 7042 'indoleglycerol phosphate, 1590 uvrD gene Xanthobacter autotrophicus P. ae'ruginosa; 1590 deletions, 2569 dh/B gene, 7925 Tryptophan synthase E. co/i, 2569 haloacid dehalogenase, 7925 E. coli, 1886 Xanthomonas campestris mutant a subunits, 1886 V antigen ketal pyruvate transferase gene, 7519 Tryptophan transport Y. pestis, 2649 Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum E. co/i, 600 V antigen operon lcrGVH-yopBD increased gene -transfer, 6421 TyptophaaeYpro.'. ps'eudotuberculosis, 1607 Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria ~~~~Vanadate-dependentE~~co/i,6009 NADH oxidation avrBs3 expression, 7142 Tryptophan-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino- S. cerevisiae, 834xpAgn heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase VGP protein P. aeruginosa, 479 E. co/i, 1894 Mf. x-anthus development, 7988 poenscein 7 Tryptophan-specific permease Vibrio an'guillarum Xenorhabdus luminescens EF. coli, 108, iron uptake, 1-347 lcfrs,19 Tryptophan-specific permease gene mtr virulence, '1347 lux genes, 1399 E. co/i, 3601 Vibrio cholerae Xsbnigst regulation, 3601 aldehyde',dehydrogenase gene ~55 ts8 mutation ToxR control, 2842 55 E. coil, 6242, 6249 hem'agglutinin/protease, 3311 xylE gene Tsg phenotype VinoieeipDKI,;2724 RtsI DNA fragments, 2600 LuxIR protein xY/Epooe rb tSX-P2 Promoter luxR gene regulation, 568 Streptomyces Tn5O99, 5579 cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein Vibrio prahaemo/ytius Xylene monooxygenase genes complex, 5419 lipopolysaccharides P. pumida, 1690 E. co/i, 5419 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octonic acid, Xylose degradation genes TYR R boxes 6303' S. rubiginosus, 6849 E. co/i, 5068, 5079 Vibrio species Xylose isomerase gene Tyrosine repressor tdh gene T. thermophilus, 3078 aroH expression, 3930 insioseun-mdadspa, E. coli, 3930 5etonsqenemditdsped .(yrP gene Vibrio vulnificus -C. 7436' E. co/i, 5068, 5079 nonculturable stateYeinantrc/iaaiibicdns, TyrR resuscitation, 5054 gene, 1223 E. 'co/i, 7701 yin. induction ompfi mtr expression, 7701 A. tum~efaciens, 1080 virC operon, 4994 chro'mosomal avirulent mutants, 1080 Yesiapss UASNTR vir proteins frgn allantoin pathway gene activation, 4977 B.,pertussis, 4288 cloning, 417 S. cerevisiae, 4977 virC operonidnfcao,41 saturation mutagenesis, 4977 Yeneo/ica494LcrD UGA virG expression homology to C. crescentus FlbF, B. subti/is, 1810 A. tumefaciens, 1139 7283, 7293 decoded'as tryptophan, 1810 Virulence assay V antigen, 2649 ugp operon A. tumefaciens, 7723 Yersinia pseudotubercu/osis dual regulation, 549 Virulence plasmid gene V antigen operon /crGVH-yopBD, 1607 E. co/i, 549 S. typhimunilum, 7176 Yersinia spp umuClike operon samAB Virulence protein' Yop hybrid protein secretion, 1677 S. typhimunium, 1051 S. typhimurium, 86 YmL33 nuclear gene Upstream induction sequence Viruslike particleS.cevia,41e S. cerevisiae, 7.186 C. acetobuty/icum, 530 Yop hybreid proein uraA gene Vitamin B12 biosynthesis disruption, 6790 P. d'enitrificans,'6046, 6052, 6058, 6(066, scein 1677 M. xanthus, 6790 6074 zfgn Uracil auxotrophs Vlp system zfgn positive selection, 7698 M. hyorhinis, 4782 E oi 6,46 S. acidoca/darius, 7698 surface antigenic 'variation, 4782phsclmpoatn,54 Uracil-DNA glycosylsInIEXregion grwhatcorl,46 mutation avoidance, 283 A. vine/andii, 7565Zmooamb/s S. pneumoniae, 283 Vpr gap pgk message, 245 Uracil-DNA-glycosylase mutant B. subti/is , 6889 glycolytic -enzymes, 5975 S. cerevisiae, 6807 vsdC gene hopanoids, 5592 Urease growth regulation, 6783 phospho'glucose isomerase gene, 3265