DOCSLIB.ORG

Telescope Will Track Space Junk 3 Top Ten Myths About the Brain 5

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Telescope Will Track Space Junk 3 Top Ten Myths About the Brain 5 Telescope will track space junk 3 Top Ten Myths About the Brain 5 Gobekli Tepe: The World‘s First Temple? 8 Did Archaeologists Uncover Blackbeard's Treasure? 12 A New View Into California‘s Kelp Forests 15 When Triceratops Was a Giant Bison 16 An Unforgettable Photo of Martha Graham 18 Where Agatha Christie Dreamed Up Murder 20 How to Turn 8,000 Plastic Bottles Into a Building 26 Spitzer Sees Crystal 'Rain' in Outer Clouds of Infant Star 28 Significant Role Played by Oceans in Ancient Global Cooling 30 Ability to Switch Magnets 'On' or 'Off' Could Revolutionize Computing 32 Students Struggling With Math May Have a Neurocognitive Disorder 34 Astronomers Unveil Most Complete 3-D Map of Local Universe 36 Drug May Help Overwrite Bad Memories 38 Nanoengineers Invent New Biomaterial That More Closely Mimics Human Tissue 40 Nuclear Radiation Affects Sex of Babies, Study Suggests 42 NASA's Hubble Finds Rare 'Blue Straggler' Stars in the Milky Way's Hub 44 Autism Changes Molecular Structure of the Brain 46 Genetic Basis for Key Parasite Function in Malaria 48 Ultrasound Guide StarReversal Mirror Can Focus Light Deep Under the Skin 50 Testing Material Hardness and Strength 53 Cystic Fibrosis- Bacteria Could Help Fight Back Against Antibiotic Resistance 55 Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Receive Less Protection from Pandemic Influenza 56 Physicists Explain the Long, Useful Lifetime of Carbon-14 57 Bleach in the Icelandic Volcanic Cloud 59 New Procedure to Make Brain Surgery Safer 61 Secreting Bacteria Eliminate Cost Barriers for Renewable Biofuel Production 63 Secret Lives of Feral and Free-Roaming House Cats Tracked 65 Sponge-Like Biosensor Crams Enormous Power Into Tiny Space 68 NASA Is Making Hot 'Way Cool' 70 Quantum Mechanical Entanglement of Two Remote Quantum Systems 72 Structure Formed by Strep Protein Can Trigger Toxic Shock 74 Superior Sound for Telephones, Mobile and Related Devices 76 Medicines from Plants 78 Assessing the Influence of Alaska Glaciers Is Slippery Work 80 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Changes in Brain Circuitry Play Role in Moral Sensitivity as People Grow Up 82 A Visit to a Zoo Boosts Science and Environment Knowledge 84 Molecular Mechanism of Selected Autophagy Elucidated 86 Repetitive Error Correction in a Quantum Processor 88 In for Nasty Weather 90 Showing Up 95 Tablets, Yes; E-Texts, Maybe 97 Elaborating on Online Accessibility 99 Spit test offers guide to health 101 Critics weigh in on arsenic life 103 German E. coli outbreak leads to drug trial 106 Neuroscientists unite for 'Moon shot' 108 Hawaiian hot spot fuels volcano debate 110 Engineered antibodies cross blood–brain barrier 113 Rounding the electron 115 Vaccines: The real issues in vaccine safety 117 Wildlife threatened by Fukushima radiation 122 How to make a human neuron 124 Cambrian super-predators grew large in arms race 126 Massive Chilean dams approved 128 Dubious assumptions prime population bomb 130 Puzzle persists for 'degradeable' plastics 132 Oil spills underreported in Gulf of Mexico 134 Reform the PhD system or close it down 136 Gut study divides people into three types 138 Chimps give birth like humans 140 Cancer theory faces doubts 142 What makes a resilient reef? 144 A death in the lab 146 Graphene turns spin doctor 150 Dark matter no-show confronts supersymmetry 152 Are languages shaped by culture or cognition? 154 Biofuels need enforceable ethical standards 156 Hungry judges dispense rough justice 158 Fossil data enter the web period 160 Immigration tracked through desert detritus 162 Virgin Oceanic plumbs the depths for science 164 Cleaner, greener fireworks 166 Chaos promotes stereotyping 168 Antibiotic resistance shows up in India's drinking water 170 Stem cells make 'retina in a dish' 172 The pull of stronger magnets 174 Ukraine, Israel, Brazil and the United States are "loose" cultures 178 Ecologists find genomic clues to invasive and endangered plants 181 US radiation study sparks debate 183 Materials science: The pull of stronger magnets 185 Fattening up Schrödinger's cat 189 Antarctic microbes live life to the extreme 191 Rare-disease project has global ambitions 193 Social science: Web of war 194 Carbon-rich mangroves ripe for conservation 199 2 Infoteca’s E-Journal No. 160 June 2011 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Telescope will track space junk US military unveils instrument to catalogue debris and protect satellites from collisions. Gwyneth Dickey Zakaib The telescope will scan for debris that could threaten satellites in geosynchronous orbit.Lt Col Travis Blake, Ph.D., USAF - Program Manager for DARPA SST program A ground-based telescope that can scan the skies faster than any other of its size could help to protect satellites from collisions with space debris and each other. The Space Surveillance Telescope (SST), developed by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), is to be used to protect US and international assets and commercial and international satellites in orbit around Earth. "We've got a lot of high-value missions up there, and if you're trying to do those missions with a blindfold on, you just don't know what's going to run into you at any time," says Chuck Laing, deputy division chief of the Architecture and Integration branch of Air Force Space Command at Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado. "It's important to know where everything is, how fast it's moving, and in what direction." Researchers are currently tracking an estimated 22,000 artificial objects that are orbiting Earth, from small bits of debris to large satellites. That number is expected to triple in the next 20 years, says Laing. Even a centimetre-sized piece of debris can cause considerable damage to crucial weather, communication or missile- warning systems. The US Air Force keeps a catalogue of all known orbiting objects through its Space Surveillance Network, an integrated system of ground- and space-based telescopes and radar. The network tracks debris to anticipate possible impacts, but better surveillance is needed to cope with the increasing number of objects, says Laing. The SST would focus mostly on the region in which objects in geosynchronous orbit reside, about 35,000 kilometres from Earth. The telescope, which took nine years and US$110 million to build, has a wide field of view, is very sensitive and can scan the sky several times in one night. It can collect data faster for dimmer objects than existing telescopes in the Space Surveillance Network. With the increased information that it provides, officials will be able to better predict the path of debris and warn satellite operators of potential collisions. "You can make a better decision if you have more data to feed into the model," says Laing. Eye on the sky The telescope's superior data-collection capacity comes from its 3.5-meter aperture, which is more than three times the size of ground-based telescopes already in use. It also has a three-mirror system to bring images into sharp focus over a wide field. But the engineering advances brought problems: whereas traditional two- 3 Infoteca’s E-Journal No. 160 June 2011 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila mirrored telescopes focus light onto a flat surface, the three-mirrored type focuses onto a curved one, which makes it difficult to manufacture matching detectors. "We had to do pretty hard work on the optics," says Grant Stokes, head of the aerospace division at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington. His lab developed curved charge- coupled devices that capture photons and turn them into electrons for digital processing in the telescope. The SST took its first images in February 2011 and is currently being tested and aligned. It still has to pass an evaluation before joining the Space Surveillance Network. If it passes the tests, the SST could begin collecting data in about six months. And if it's a big enough improvement on current technology, the Air Force might place similar telescopes at key sites around the globe for 360-degree surveillance. At the moment, the SST sees only the night sky visible from its base at the White Sands Missile Range near Socorro, New Mexico. Researchers won't be able to use the telescope for their experiments, says Joseph Gambrell, chief of space situational awareness at the Air Force Space Command. "If we're going to try and get the most out of it, we really do need to maintain it as a Space Surveillance Network resource," he says. But a subset of the data might be made available on a website operated by US Strategic Command, and researchers might be able to get further data on request, says Gambrell. http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110422/full/news.2011.254.html 4 Infoteca’s E-Journal No. 160 June 2011 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Top Ten Myths About the Brain When it comes to this complex, mysterious, fascinating organ, what do—and don’t—we know? By Laura Helmuth Smithsonian.com, May 20, 2011 Repeated in pop culture for a century, the notion that humans only use 10 percent of our brains is false. Scans have shown that much of the brain is engaged even during simple tasks. 1. We use only 10 percent of our brains. This one sounds so compelling—a precise number, repeated in pop culture for a century, implying that we have huge reserves of untapped mental powers. But the supposedly unused 90 percent of the brain is not some vestigial appendix. Brains are expensive—it takes a lot of energy to build brains during fetal and childhood development and maintain them in adults.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kin Discrimination Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer Between Unrelated Strains in Bacillus Subtilis
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23685-w OPEN Kin discrimination promotes horizontal gene transfer between unrelated strains in Bacillus subtilis ✉ Polonca Stefanic 1,5,6 , Katarina Belcijan1,5, Barbara Kraigher 1, Rok Kostanjšek1, Joseph Nesme2, Jonas Stenløkke Madsen2, Jasna Kovac 3, Søren Johannes Sørensen 2, Michiel Vos 4 & ✉ Ines Mandic-Mulec 1,6 Bacillus subtilis is a soil bacterium that is competent for natural transformation. Genetically 1234567890():,; distinct B. subtilis swarms form a boundary upon encounter, resulting in killing of one of the strains. This process is mediated by a fast-evolving kin discrimination (KD) system consisting of cellular attack and defence mechanisms. Here, we show that these swarm antagonisms promote transformation-mediated horizontal gene transfer between strains of low related- ness. Gene transfer between interacting non-kin strains is largely unidirectional, from killed cells of the donor strain to surviving cells of the recipient strain. It is associated with acti- vation of a stress response mediated by sigma factor SigW in the donor cells, and induction of competence in the recipient strain. More closely related strains, which in theory would experience more efficient recombination due to increased sequence homology, do not upregulate transformation upon encounter. This result indicates that social interactions can override mechanistic barriers to horizontal gene transfer. We hypothesize that KD-mediated competence in response to the encounter of distinct neighbouring strains could maximize the probability of efficient incorporation of novel alleles and genes that have proved to function in a genomically and ecologically similar context. 1 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Formalizing Common Sense Reasoning for Scalable Inconsistency-Robust Information Integration Using Direct Logictm Reasoning and the Actor Model
    Formalizing common sense reasoning for scalable inconsistency-robust information integration using Direct LogicTM Reasoning and the Actor Model Carl Hewitt. http://carlhewitt.info This paper is dedicated to Alonzo Church, Stanisław Jaśkowski, John McCarthy and Ludwig Wittgenstein. ABSTRACT People use common sense in their interactions with large software systems. This common sense needs to be formalized so that it can be used by computer systems. Unfortunately, previous formalizations have been inadequate. For example, because contemporary large software systems are pervasively inconsistent, it is not safe to reason about them using classical logic. Our goal is to develop a standard foundation for reasoning in large-scale Internet applications (including sense making for natural language) by addressing the following issues: inconsistency robustness, classical contrapositive inference bug, and direct argumentation. Inconsistency Robust Direct Logic is a minimal fix to Classical Logic without the rule of Classical Proof by Contradiction [i.e., (Ψ├ (¬))├¬Ψ], the addition of which transforms Inconsistency Robust Direct Logic into Classical Logic. Inconsistency Robust Direct Logic makes the following contributions over previous work: Direct Inference Direct Argumentation (argumentation directly expressed) Inconsistency-robust Natural Deduction that doesn’t require artifices such as indices (labels) on propositions or restrictions on reiteration Intuitive inferences hold including the following: . Propositional equivalences (except absorption) including Double Negation and De Morgan . -Elimination (Disjunctive Syllogism), i.e., ¬Φ, (ΦΨ)├T Ψ . Reasoning by disjunctive cases, i.e., (), (├T ), (├T Ω)├T Ω . Contrapositive for implication i.e., Ψ⇒ if and only if ¬⇒¬Ψ . Soundness, i.e., ├T ((├T) ⇒ ) . Inconsistency Robust Proof by Contradiction, i.e., ├T (Ψ⇒ (¬))⇒¬Ψ 1 A fundamental goal of Inconsistency Robust Direct Logic is to effectively reason about large amounts of pervasively inconsistent information using computer information systems.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLOGY 639 SCIENCE ONLINE the Unexpected Brains Behind Blood Vessel Growth 641 THIS WEEK in SCIENCE 668 U.K
    4 February 2005 Vol. 307 No. 5710 Pages 629–796 $10 07%.'+%#%+& 2416'+0(70%6+10 37#06+6#6+8' 51(69#4' #/2.+(+%#6+10 %'..$+1.1); %.10+0) /+%41#44#;5 #0#.;5+5 #0#.;5+5 2%4 51.76+105 Finish first with a superior species. 50% faster real-time results with FullVelocity™ QPCR Kits! Our FullVelocity™ master mixes use a novel enzyme species to deliver Superior Performance vs. Taq -Based Reagents FullVelocity™ Taq -Based real-time results faster than conventional reagents. With a simple change Reagent Kits Reagent Kits Enzyme species High-speed Thermus to the thermal profile on your existing real-time PCR system, the archaeal Fast time to results FullVelocity technology provides you high-speed amplification without Enzyme thermostability dUTP incorporation requiring any special equipment or re-optimization. SYBR® Green tolerance Price per reaction $$$ • Fast, economical • Efficient, specific and • Probe and SYBR® results sensitive Green chemistries Need More Information? Give Us A Call: Ask Us About These Great Products: Stratagene USA and Canada Stratagene Europe FullVelocity™ QPCR Master Mix* 600561 Order: (800) 424-5444 x3 Order: 00800-7000-7000 FullVelocity™ QRT-PCR Master Mix* 600562 Technical Services: (800) 894-1304 Technical Services: 00800-7400-7400 FullVelocity™ SYBR® Green QPCR Master Mix 600581 FullVelocity™ SYBR® Green QRT-PCR Master Mix 600582 Stratagene Japan K.K. *U.S. Patent Nos. 6,528,254, 6,548,250, and patents pending. Order: 03-5159-2060 Purchase of these products is accompanied by a license to use them in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technical Services: 03-5159-2070 process in conjunction with a thermal cycler whose use in the automated performance of the PCR process is YYYUVTCVCIGPGEQO covered by the up-front license fee, either by payment to Applied Biosystems or as purchased, i.e., an authorized thermal cycler.
    [Show full text]
  • John Maynard Smith Archive (1948-2004) (Add MS 86569-86840) Table of Contents
    British Library: Western Manuscripts John Maynard Smith Archive (1948-2004) (Add MS 86569-86840) Table of Contents John Maynard Smith Archive (1948–2004) Key Details........................................................................................................................................ 1 Arrangement..................................................................................................................................... 2 Provenance........................................................................................................................................ 2 Add MS 86569–86574 Reprints and copies of articles and book chapters by John Maynard Smith (1952–2003)...................................................................................................................................... 3 Add MS 86575–86596 Correspondence files, F–Z (1975–1991).............................................................. 5 Add MS 86597–86830 Subject files (1948–2003).................................................................................. 18 Add MS 86831–86835 Notebooks and plant lists (1973–2003)............................................................... 223 Add MS 86836–86837 Lecture notes ([c 1990–c 1999])........................................................................ 226 Add MS 86838–86839 Artefacts and books (1983–2001)....................................................................... 227 Add MS 86840 Annotations and manuscripts with offprints received by John Maynard Smith (1952?–2003)...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transparência E Colaboração Na Produção Do Conhecimento Open Science and Alien Bacteria: Transparency and Collaboration in Knowledge Production
    ARTIGO Ciência aberta e bactérias extraterrestres: Transparência e colaboração na produção do conhecimento Open science and alien bacteria: Transparency and collaboration in knowledge production Vanessa Oliveira Fagundes RESUMO ABSTRACT Orientação para a aplicação, Application contexts, transdisciplinarity transdisciplinaridade e relevância social and social relevance are some of the são algumas características do chamado characteristics of the so-called mode 2 of Modo 2 de produção da ciência. Neste science production. In this model, the modelo, a troca de informações e a exchange of information and transparência são valorizadas, o que transparency are valued, inspiring inspira experiências de produção do knowledge production experiences based conhecimento baseadas na colaboração. on collaboration. An example is the case Um exemplo é o caso das “bactérias of “alien bacteria”, where a scientific extraterrestres”, quando uma controversy has been discussed and controvérsia científica foi debatida e amplified by internet tools. It reveals the ampliada por meio de ferramentas da coexistence of traditional science with internet. O acontecimento mostra a open science, characterized by exchange convivência de uma ciência tradicional, and transparency, leading to a reflection mais fechada, com uma ciência aberta, on the production of knowledge in the marcada pela troca e transparência, contemporary world, its tensions and levando à reflexão sobre a produção do challenges for the future. conhecimento na contemporaneidade, e Keywords: Mode 2 Science; Post- tensões e desafios para o futuro. Academic Science; Collaboration; Open Palavras-chave: Ciência Modo 2; Ciência Science. Blog. Pós-Acadêmica; Colaboração; Ciência Aberta. Blog. INTRODUÇÃO1 Especialmente a partir do fim do século XX, a ciência e o modo de produção científica, começam a experimentar mudanças que trazem, além de novas demandas, alguns Mestre em Divulgação Científica e Cultural pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
    [Show full text]
  • Duplication Frequency in a Population of Salmonella Enterica Rapidly Approaches Steady State with Or Without Recombination
    Genetics: Published Articles Ahead of Print, published on January 18, 2010 as 10.1534/genetics.109.111963 Duplication frequency in a population of Salmonella enterica rapidly approaches steady state with or without recombination Andrew B. Reams1 Eric Kofoid1 Michael Savageau2 John R. Roth1 1Department of Microbiology, CBS University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 2Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 ABSTRACT Tandem duplications are among the most common mutation events. The high loss rate of duplication suggested that the frequency of duplications in a bacterial population (1/1000) might reflect a steady state dictated by relative rates of formation (kF) and loss (kL). This possibility was tested for three genetic loci. Without homologous recombination (RecA), duplication loss rate dropped essentially to zero, but formation rate decreased only slightly and a steady state was still reached rapidly. Under all conditions, steady state was reached faster than predicted by formation and loss rates alone. A major factor in determining steady state proved to be the fitness cost, which can exceed 40% for some genomic regions. Depending on the region tested, duplications reached 40% to 98% of the steady-state frequency within 30 generations – approximately the growth required for a single cell to 9 produce a saturated overnight culture or form a large colony on solid medium (10 cells). Long-term bacterial populations are stably polymorphic for duplications of every region of their genome. These polymorphisms contribute to rapid genetic adaptation by providing frequent pre-existing beneficial mutations whenever imposed selection favors increases in some gene activity. While the reported results were obtained with the bacterium S.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Laboratory and Natural Populations of Escherichia Coli
    EVOLUTION OF LABORATORY AND NATURAL POPULATIONS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI By Rohan Maddamsetti A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Zoology—Doctor of Philosophy Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior—Dual Major 2016 ABSTRACT EVOLUTION OF LABORATORY AND NATURAL POPULATIONS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI By Rohan Maddamsetti My dissertation spans two dichotomies: evolution in the laboratory versus evolution in nature, and asexual versus sexual evolutionary dynamics. In Chapter 1 I describe asexual evolutionary dynamics in one population of Lenski’s long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. I describe cohorts of mutations that sweep to fixation together as characteristic of clonal interference dynamics. I also describe an ecological interaction that evolved and then went extinct after thousands of generations, and discuss how such interactions affect cohorts of mutations. In Chapter 2 I report that conserved core genes tend to be targets of selection in the long-term experiment. In Chapter 3, I investigate the surprising observation that synonymous genetic diversity is not uniform across the genomes of natural E. coli isolates. This observation is surprising because in clonal organisms with a constant point mutation rate, synonymous diversity should be constant across the genome. I use patterns of synonymous mutations in the long-term experiment to argue that genome-wide variation in the mutation rate does not adequately explain patterns of synonymous genetic diversity. In Chapter 4, I propose that recombination and gene flow could account for genome-wide variation in synonymous genetic diversity. In Chapter 5, I analyze E. coli genomes isolated from an evolution experiment with recombination in which E.
    [Show full text]
  • Lsibooklett V.25.Indd
    Bacterial Adaptation & Response Networks http://barn.lsi.ubc.ca [email protected] lsi.ubc.ca barn.lsi.ubc.ca Life Sciences Institute Sciences Life email: web: web: http://barn.lsi.ubc.ca Bacterial Pathogenesis Bacterial Biochemistry Bioinformatics Chemistry Genetics Genomics ecology Microbial physiology Microbial biology Structural • • • • • • • • • Research StrengthsResearch & Facilities The Bacterial Adaptation and Response Networks Research Group Group Research Networks and Response Adaptation Bacterial The the departments of Biochemistry & Molecular from includes members & Immunology and Zoology. Microbiology Biology, and expertise in a individuals with experience comprises group This of disciplines, including: range broad is investigation members linking all of the group thread common The The their environments. to adapt and respond bacteria of how and including soil and the ocean, diverse, studied are environments common are there However, bacteria. pathogenic the human host for these diverse to molecular mechanisms of adaptation and response research common share members group Thus, environments. approaches. the study of one adaptation or from gained Understanding and response Adaptation others. is applicable to network response include: this group to mechanisms of particular interest networks regulatory (1) genetic walls and cell membranes of molecules across (2) transport great t from of these fundamental mechanisms benefi Investigations transfer gene (3) horizontal these fundamental Further, synergy. and infrastructural intellectual
    [Show full text]
  • Download The
    ANALYSIS OF DNA UPTAKE BIASES IN BACTERIA WITH AND WITHOUT UPTAKE SPECIFICITY by Marcelo Andrés Mora Rodríguez M.Sc. University of Northern British Columbia, 2012 Licentiate, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Zoology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2020 © Marcelo Andrés Mora Rodríguez, 2020 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, the dissertation entitled: Analysis of DNA uptake biases in species with and without uptake specificity submitted by Marcelo Mora in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology Examining Committee: Rosemary Redfield, Zoology Supervisor Matthew Pennell, Zoology Supervisory Committee Member Sarah Otto, Zoology University Examiner Steve Hallam, Microbiology and Immunology University Examiner ii Abstract DNA uptake is the first step in natural transformation of bacteria, leading to DNA internalization and recombination. It is, therefore, a key determinant in genome evolution. Most bacteria take up DNA indiscriminately, but in Pasteurellaceae and Neisseriaceae, the uptake machinery binds preferentially to short sequences enriched in their genome, called DNA uptake signal sequences (USS or DUS). This enrichment is responsible for bacteria preferentially taking up DNA from close relatives, called ‘self-specificity’. My study’s goal was to characterize factors influencing uptake bias across the genome (chapter 2), as well as determined if uptake biases were present in a species without self-specificity (chapter 3). Chapter 2 describes my genome-wide analysis of DNA uptake by Haemophilus influenzae, a species with strong uptake bias, using both measured uptake and the predictions from a simulation model of DNA uptake.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Bacterial Genomes from an Evolution Experiment with Horizontal Gene Transfer Shows That Recombination Can Sometimes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/186759; this version posted September 10, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Analysis of bacterial genomes from an evolution experiment 2 with horizontal gene transfer shows that recombination can 3 sometimes overwhelm selection 4 5 Rohan Maddamsetti*,1,2,3 and Richard E. Lenski1,2,4 6 7 1 Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East 8 Lansing, MI 9 2 BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East 10 Lansing, MI 11 3 Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 12 4 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East 13 Lansing, MI 14 15 *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. 16 17 Competing Interests Statement: We, the authors, declare that we have no conflicts of 18 interest. 19 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/186759; this version posted September 10, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 20 Abstract 21 22 We analyzed genomes from an experiment in which Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr donors were 23 periodically introduced into 12 evolving populations of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Blogs De Ciência
    VANESSA OLIVEIRA FAGUNDES BLOGS DE CIÊNCIA Comunicação, participação e as rachaduras na Torre de Marfim CAMPINAS 2013 i ii UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM LABORATÓRIO DE ESTUDOS AVANÇADOS EM JORNALISMO - LABJOR VANESSA OLIVEIRA FAGUNDES BLOGS DE CIÊNCIA Comunicação, participação e as rachaduras na Torre de Marfim Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rafael de Almeida Evangelista Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem e ao Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Jornalismo, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, para obtenção do título de mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural, na área de Divulgação Científica e Cultural. CAMPINAS 2013 iii iv v vi AGRADECIMENTOS Foi uma caminhada rica, desafiadora e estimulante. Chego ao seu final com um sentimento bom de dever cumprido. Muitos ajudaram ao longo dessa jornada. Sem eles, com certeza, o caminho teria sido mais longo e árduo. Agradeço, primeiro, ao meu orientador, professor Rafael de Almeida Evangelista, pelo apoio, sugestões e confiança. Sou grata especialmente à sua enorme paciência, e por compreender, antes mesmo de mim, que era necessário tempo para refletir sobre as novas leituras e confrontá-las com uma série de pré-conceitos. Isso possibilitou vislumbrar novos horizontes que, certamente, farão parte de caminhadas futuras. Agradeço aos professores membros da banca final, Yurij Castelfranchi e Marta Kanashiro. Ao professor Yurij, sou grata pela amizade e pelas oportunidades de trabalho em conjunto. Suas pesquisas serviram de inspiração e forneceram dados valiosos para este trabalho, que foram complementados pelas conversas durante a disciplina que cursei na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e, posteriormente, nos encontros do Grupo de Pesquisa em Inovação, Cidadania e Tecnociência (InCiTe).
    [Show full text]
  • Prdm9 As an Anti-Speciation Gene
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/170860; this version posted October 15, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The chromosomal basis of species initiation: Prdm9 as an anti-speciation gene Donald R. Forsdyke* *Corresponding author: Donald R. Forsdyke Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada Email: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/170860; this version posted October 15, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 2 Mechanisms initiating a branching process that can lead to new species are broadly classified as chromosomal and genic. Chromosomal mechanisms were supported by breeding studies involving exchanges of individual chromosomes between mouse subspecies. There were also studies of the rapidly mutating mouse PR/SET-domain 9 (prdm9) gene, which encodes PRDM9, a protein targeting DNA recombination hotspots. When PRDM9 is bound symmetrically with equal strength, the meiotic repair of mutations in one parental strand, based on information on the allelic strand (conversion), would seem to be unbiased in discriminating between strands. So mismatches detected between pairing paternal and maternal DNA strands (heteroduplexes) would undergo unbiased conversions (to homoduplexes).
    [Show full text]