DOCSLIB.ORG

NATION of ISLAM 4? 92 __ Lm" Y > 7 ; W ; I *___§__I 2 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NATION of ISLAM 4? 92 __ �Lm 7 ; W ; I *___§__I 2 3" /> Q I FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FREEDOM OF INF ORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION SUBJECT: NATION OF ISLAM 4? 92 __ lm" Y >_ 7 ;_W_;_I *___'§__i 2 3 92 Z . I. X ographbeen has prepared 6/1°/69sacTHE mmI0. 55 CULT923 MUSLIMhISLRM Secon 0?a thetioned at mon --requestofour fieldSpecial Agentsoff nvestigatingthe Centralesearc Culth usuals security d andoube addedthis y especiallyprecautions. toAmeri anti library andafforded e t investigate.e we know,thoughw halmost this small,an is s nothinA known entbynow e inyes -~ and violentCult ab itk cer most a in tha icult ever to gso studyand can e Agent,who hasfoun veragatinge, youareCult, requests thiseveryo maeand newly Agentto assigned,do absorbTwocontents thearethis copies furnishedofmonogra being the Baltimore,Boston to areilwaukee,cage,Francisco,furnished beingOleyelatheNewaand Cincinnati,YorkDetroNnaven, Field NewtonIndianapolis,w WashMinneapolis,and Seattleces,, copy to d,Office,San Angeles each copOf Philadelphia, one tFivee toDiego es of Loo other offices. .-. .¢- -.,,., "-=-.1.". _'Z- V t . V~92."_ p ,- ,v I/li .» .. I ,m9;.|W:___... ~ , __,V' 4 ._ 7' » 92 , . *4; '.¢7_92»y92Q ->4;-,m .,'__'~ ._. "- " 5 92 1 $2--'~»__'--»-M - ~> _ O t.,> Girls CivilizationTraining. .GCT! . .24 L d.e0 Thellniversityollslam.............24 I I OO O OO O I I OI OI OO :6 3.2. NationalOicers....-..............27Local0iiicers...................'2'l C.D; Fina.ncialProgram...................29 I I I OO OI IO I I I I O OI O C I I O O -2.l. onuct'otMeetings.. Physicallkscription. .. 31 Enrolimentanditducation.. .. .31 c.General CivilizationClass, AlsoReferred as - 33 to92 1 1 34 '- ...86. L ifembershi 37 ...S7 BebeI1ious'1endencies_onventions . .. 58 *1.2. 0ppositiontoFedera1 Instancesoi Violence againstAuthority . Authority Police . .. .. .. .. .88 a. Violationsoi theSelective StatutesService. .. b. Disloyaltyand Disrespectior theUnited States I.J. Subvei-siveTendencies_'Potentia.lGovernment....................4lThreatthe. to .Internal . 8ecuritL . .. .. .. ... .. 4'!44 'X.Bé[iEfsoFthe'CIIDEOLOGYOFTEEMCI...................4BB.PIGCQCGBRECHCIes...-...-ea---....51_ on 0 . -. C. Comarison Certain oi ofTenets theOrthodox Religion _ of i amwf¬BTheUnort.BodoxYCl.............52EfBeli¬finI11£Fand'¬hePropEets..... ..52 . Racialatred Advocacyoi-Violence.AttitudePlacesoivlorship toward . .. .55 5'1 Prayer.......................58 CharityandFasting.................59I '1.809. ScienceanduathematicsFowmdnrmlbIOIOOOIIIIIOOOIIOQ62 Cleanliness....................5l. .. ..-.~.. ... .. ..84 - O '7 APPENDICES ' AWLICATIONQQIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII REPLYIIIIIIIIIIIIIYIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII PULES OF ISLAM - DEPARTMENT OF SUPREME WISDOM. .-3? I I I I I I I I I I IV". I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 69 14 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '10 1§__ II I2 '14 8 7'1 81 82 SELECTIONS FROM A PUBLICATION WRITTEN BY PROPHET86 7 wQ DI I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 88 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 89 ._.¢ .-. »..._ _ _'-.. ......--a..'.a..-_...-r..._..-.. _ . 92- . O Z3 I '1>'1u:rAcs Q D At therequest the of fieldoffices, thismonograph been has prepared, explainingthe origin,ideology workings andthe ofMuslim Cult 3 of Islam MCI!. ' _ . Inasmucha knowledge as of the orthodox religionof Islam is I T- considered essentialto anunderstanding med its of most deformed a s '. l I branches,a briefhistory the of Islamicreligion, outline an its of doctrines t : and a verybrief explanationof thedivisions the of Koran have beenincluded 0 92 in thefirst sectionof thismonograph. R The anglicizedforms namesof titlesand havebeen utilized; however,purposes for information, of first the reference to eachhas been P followed by the Arabic form. In viewof theextreme fanaticismprevalent throughoutthe MCI, ! and absolutethe of lacka doctrinal core, an attempt has beenmade the in second sectionof thismonograph set forthtogeneral patternsof belief 92 and behavior,compiled throughan over-all study the of varioustemples throughoutUnited the States.Although are there some-basic accepted rules throughoutCult, theappears it many thatthe of localleaders have adopted I I 92 "-*- _ =_.-...__,7._._.. - ---~ - L . G E u the privilegeof personal interpretation. ' In thethird section,anattempt been has madeto illustrate the chasm existingbetween orthodox the religionof Islamand unorthodoxthe I. MC The variousenrollment formsand data, considered pertinent ~ by the Cult,have been includedthe in Appendices. 'I'hein thisstudy material whichrelates to the historyofIslam 3 has beenobtained public from sourcesand documentedis such. as Allof 2 w the datarelative the to MCIhas beenobtained confidential from andsources is classied as confidential. This monographis intended toserve as an investigativeaid to _ fieldoffice agentsandfacilitate to handling the any of problems which may arise in the conductof suchinvestigations view In theof aberrantideology . and practicesof theMCI, is it necessaryto gointo detailandpresent all 2 9 of theinformation the inBureau's possessionis whichconsidered essential 5 0 to thesuccessful handlingof investigations regarding group this theand developmentinformants of amongits members. -: - 11 - .. ._»_. ~ r _ . __.92 _ V; SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS C A. Summgy AA I - This monographincludes a backgroundoi theorthodox religion -: of Islam,and theworkings andorganizational setupoi the Muslim Cultof I Islam. An effort hasbeen madein the last sectionto point out those tenets 2 i ci the orthodox religionthat havebeen adoptedas astructural part ofthe I Cult, and the eccentricalterations made in them. '5. » '92 i B. Conclusio ns 1. The MCI is a fanatic Negro organizationpurporting to be : motivated bythe religiousprinciples oi Islam, but actually dedicated theto propagationof hatred against thewhite i race. The services conducted throuiout the temples are bereft oi any semblanceto religious exercises. i 2. Organizationally, the MCIis a collection oi autonomous A temples boundby a tremulous personal relationshipbetween the headsoi the temples andthe headquartersoi the Cult in Chicago, Illinois. - 8. TheMCI, although an extremelyanti-American organization, is not at the present timeeither large enough or powerful enough toinflict anyserious damageto thiscountry; however, its membersare capableoi committingindividual actsoi violence. = 1 4. The aims andpurposes ofthe MCIare directedat the overthrow of our constitutional government,inasmuch asthe Cultmembers regard it as an instrument oithe whiterace; therefore, it is obvious that this group, as long as it retains the ideas now motivatingit, will remainan investigative problem.to the. FBI. ~ -111- '1 1* F I, . F. Q 92 I F .£* r 1. jun-2RELIGION xsmur or - v -.111 A. BriefHistory _ - I- 4- » "Read:In the name oi thy Lordwho createth," 1 said the ' u.. voice,,_ . ,,.Mohammed to Muhammad!,* whocould read. notAnd thus was . - born "TheSlave oi Allah," "TheProphet is1a'm'," oi man unitedwho the the wanderingtribesthe oi Arabiandesertenabled and to thememergeirom the darknessoi primitivism and savagery and build a civilization richin _ scienticand cultural achievement. wastwenty-fourth the It oi the night 'u 92 monthRamadan" at the whenangelGabriel the broughtiirst revelation ' to MohammedonMount Kira. "*For the restoi Mohammed's liie he continuedhavethese revelations, to which eventuallywere to compiled form the bibleoi Islam, knownas the Koran al-Qur'an!,"The Reading,"-- the Readingthe oimanwho knewnot howto read. 3 Born about5'10A. D. in Mecca, Arabia. _ - "The ninthmonththe oi yearduring which all Moslemsfast.falls It in ' diiierent seasonsbecause the ti lunarcalendar. "'Ain theArabian hill on desert whichMohammed the first receivedoi _ the revelations. C 92- - 1 ._ ~"-'~ .-__..~_ ;v- 0' 2 S - - 4 .v U For firstthe threeyearshis oi mi8si0n,M0hammed was - I considereda fanaticbypeople the llecca* ofand Hakka!, ofbecause this_ '0 éi he relegatedhis teachingsto familyhis intimate andLike friends. most-1 ll prophets,waswithout not hesave his honor country. inown At the end ofgs theyear, thirdreceived hecommand to "arisethe warn" andthereafter and Ts e 1 preachedpublic.620 A.in FromD.,1dohammeds at MeccawereJr affairs ina crisis. By publicstandards,mission considered his was a failure itl untilhe met a group oi menfrom Yathrih laterMedlnl!, called a city hp moretwo than hundredmiles who, away, recognizinghim as the awaited 92- 0 returnedtheirand tocity what told had theyand seen heard.This '3 i Prophet,wasonly thewhich place receptive provedhis teachings andto was it in _Q Yathrlbthe that futureof Islamlay. 3 ~ In Summerthe 622, A.D.toofavoid murdered, being .a Mohammed fledMecca fromthe during andnighthis made to way Yathrib. This the is 2 famous halt! hegiraMecca to from Yathrib,from the hloslem"counts which~ the years.It wasin Yathrib that Hohammedbuilt a theocrac state, and l I from thatYathrihhe ruled a rapidly growing The empire.prophet lonely5 I was nowthe armed conqueror! » . I The capitaloi Arabia iourteen centuriesago. "The moreiamillll formoi theword Muslim. - 2 - -.1.-__ 0'44» __,_ w J . ' O O Q . Mass conversionsarerarely made without bloodshed,and - 0 Islamno was exception. A seriesoisavage conagrations accompanied | therapid spread oi thenew religionoverthe sands oi Arabia.Perhaps ' . the mostsignicant these oi occurredbattles three between hundredof r Mohammed'sandthousand one menat a lieccansplace called TheBadr. victoryMohammed's of forceinterpreted was interiora divinesanction as of thenew faith.Previous this battle,Islamto wasa religion with a state; .s - after itthis became astate. But the tidesoi warwere always sonot »> favorableMohammed. to thanyear More a later,amid beating the oi I timbrels, Mohammedsarmycut wasribbons to the onplainsoi Ohodby hostile andtribes, savedonly complete irom annihilationby theexhaustion -- oi theenemy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’S Birth Till the Rise of the Mission - I
    ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Vol 9 No 6 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) Social Sciences November 2018 . Research Article © 2018 Noura Ahmed Hamed Al Harthy. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’s Birth Till the Rise of the Mission - I Dr. Noura Ahmed Hamed Al Harthy Professor of Islamic History, Vice Dean of Scientific Research, University of Bishe, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Doi: 10.2478/mjss-2018-0163 Abstract The prophet’s biography had a supreme place in the Turkish writings. In this vein, the present research’s title is “The Meccan Era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina”. Therefore in this research, a great amount of information about the Meccan era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina was collected. It also included prophet’s life before and after the mission till the immigration to Abyssinia, the boycott, passing the second Aqaba Pledge, the Prophet's stand towards some contemporary nations and finally, the conclusion and the list of citied works and references. Before the prophet Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah's (PBUH) birth, the Arabian Peninsula lived in full darkness then it was enlightened by Islam. The prophet (PBUH) was not detached from the universal arena; rather, he was aware of the surrounding nations led by the Persians and Romans during that time.
    [Show full text]
  • SACRED SPACES and OBJECTS: the VISUAL, MATERIAL, and TANGIBLE George Pati
    SACRED SPACES AND OBJECTS: THE VISUAL, MATERIAL, AND TANGIBLE George Pati BRAUER MUSEUM OF ART | APRIL 13 — MAY 8, 2016 WE AT THE BRAUER MUSEUM are grateful for the opportunity to present this exhibition curated by George Pati, Ph.D., Surjit S. Patheja Chair in World Religions and Ethics and Valparaiso University associate professor of theology and international studies. Through this exhibition, Professor Pati shares the fruits of his research conducted during his recent sabbatical and in addition provides valuable insights into sacred objects, sites, and practices in India. Professor Pati’s photographs document specific places but also reflect a creative eye at work; as an artist, his documents are also celebrations of the particular spaces that inspire him and capture his imagination. Accompanying the images in the exhibition are beautiful textiles and objects of metalware that transform the gallery into its own sacred space, with respectful and reverent viewing becoming its own ritual that could lead to a fuller understanding of the concepts Pati brings to our attention. Professor Pati and the Brauer staff wish to thank the Surjit S. Patheja Chair in World Religions and Ethics and the Partners for the Brauer Museum of Art for support of this exhibition. In addition, we wish to thank Gretchen Buggeln and David Morgan for the insights and perspectives they provide in their responses to Pati's essay and photographs. Gregg Hertzlieb, Director/Curator Brauer Museum of Art 2 | BRAUER MUSEUM OF ART SACRED SPACES AND OBJECTS: THE VISUAL, MATERIAL, AND TANGIBLE George Pati George Pati, Ph.D., Valparaiso University Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 6:23 Only in a man who has utmost devotion for God, and who shows the same devotion for teacher as for God, These teachings by the noble one will be illuminating.
    [Show full text]
  • Marina Gavryushkina UC Berkeley Art History 2013
    UC Berkeley Berkeley Undergraduate Journal of Classics Title The Persian Alexander: The Numismatic Portraiture of the Pontic Dynasty Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xh6g8nn Journal Berkeley Undergraduate Journal of Classics, 2(1) ISSN 2373-7115 Author Gavryushkina, Marina Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Undergraduate eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Gavryushkina 1 The Persian Alexander: The Numismatic Portraiture of the Pontic Dynasty Marina Gavryushkina UC Berkeley Art History 2013 Abstract: Hellenistic coinage is a popular topic in art historical research as it is an invaluable resource of information about the political relationship between Greek rulers and their subjects. However, most scholars have focused on the wealthier and more famous dynasties of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids. Thus, there have been considerably fewer studies done on the artistic styles of the coins of the smaller outlying Hellenistic kingdoms. This paper analyzes the numismatic portraiture of the kings of Pontus, a peripheral kingdom located in northern Anatolia along the shores of the Black Sea. In order to evaluate the degree of similarity or difference in the Pontic kings’ modes of representation in relation to the traditional royal Hellenistic style, their coinage is compared to the numismatic depictions of Alexander the Great of Macedon. A careful art historical analysis reveals that Pontic portrait styles correlate with the individual political motivations and historical circumstances of each king. Pontic rulers actively choose to diverge from or emulate the royal Hellenistic portrait style with the intention of either gaining support from their Anatolian and Persian subjects or being accepted as legitimate Greek sovereigns within the context of international politics.
    [Show full text]
  • In Their Own Words: Voices of Jihad
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Support RAND TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. in their own words Voices of Jihad compilation and commentary David Aaron Approved for public release; distribution unlimited C O R P O R A T I O N This book results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research.
    [Show full text]
  • Hegira Years in Greek, Greek-Coptic and Greek-Arabic Papyri
    WORP, I<. A., Hegira Years in Greek, Greek-Coptic and Greek-Ambic Papyri , Aegyptus, 65:112 (1985:genn.ldic.) p.107 Hegira Years in Greek, Greek-Coptic and Greek-Arabic Papyri It is well known that the Arabs use a year count based upon a lunar year. The point of departure for this count is the day on which, according to the tradition, Mohammed fled from Mecca to Medina, i.e. on 16.VII.622 (cf. V. GRUMEL,La Chronologie, 225, who points out that the traditional date is wrong, as the flight took place in fact 68 days later than the tradition would have it). When Egypt was conquered by the Arabs in A.D. 641, they introduced their own year count into this country while abolishing the traditional counting of regnal years of the emperor in Byzantium, the use of (post-) consular years of this same ruler, and - in the Oxy- rynchite Nome only- the use of a local era. The system of counting fiscal years in cycles of 15 indiction years (the years within each cycle being numbered 1- 15, the cycles themselves being unnumbered) which had been introduced into Egypt ca. A.D. 314 (cf. R. S. BAGNALL- K. A. WORP,Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt (=CSBE), 1-8), however, was not abolished by the Arabs (see the discussion by H. Cadell of the chronology of the correspondence of Kurrah b. Sharik in ((Rech. Pap)). 4 [l9671 138ff.). Furthermore, the local population of Egypt started to use the era of Diocletian (later called the era of the Martyrs; year 1 = A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Sabians 1 Sabians
    Sabians 1 Sabians For the Canadian cymbal manufacturing company, see Sabian (company). For the ancient people living in what is now Yemen, see Sabaeans. For the followers of Sabbatai Zevi, see Sabbateans. For the pre-Roman Italic tribe of Latium, see Sabine. Part of a series on Mandaeism Mandaean saints • Adam • Abel • Seth • Enosh • Noah • Shem • Aram • John the Baptist Related religious groups • Sabians • Sabians of Harran • Manichaeans • Sampsaeans • Syncretists (Jewish) Practices • Baptism • Esotericism Scriptures • Genzā Rabbā • Qolastā • Drāšā D-Yaḥyā • Dīvān • Asfar Malwāshē Gnosticism portal • v • t [1] • e of Middle Eastern tradition are a variety of monotheistic: Gnostic (Mandeans), Hermetic (ﺻﺎﺑﺌﺔ :The Sabians (Arabic (Harranian) as well as Abrahamic religions mentioned three times in the Quran with the people of the Book, "the Jews, the Sabians, and the Christians".[2] In the hadith, they are described merely as converts to Islam,[3] but interest in the identity and history of the group increased over time, and discussions and investigations about the Sabians begin to appear in later Islamic literature. Sabians 2 In the Quran The Qur'an mentions briefly the Sabians in three places and the Hadith provide additional details as to who they were: • "Lo! Those who believe (in that which is revealed unto thee, Muhammad), and those who are Jews, and Christians, and Sabaeans – whoever believeth in Allah and the Last Day and doeth right – surely their reward is with their Lord, and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve. "[Quran 2:62 [4]] • "Lo! those who believe, and those who are Jews, and Sabaeans, and Christians – Whosoever believeth in Allah and the Last Day and doeth right – there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture of Light of the Orthodox Temple
    DOI: 10.4467/25438700ŚM.17.058.7679 MYROSLAV YATSIV* Architecture of Light of the Orthodox Temple Abstract Main tendencies, appropriateness and features of the embodiment of the architectural and theological essence of the light are defined in architecturally spatial organization of the Orthodox Church; the value of the natural and artificial light is set in forming of symbolic structure of sacral space and architectonics of the church building. Keywords: the Orthodox Church, sacral space, the light, architectonics, functions of the light, a system of illumination, principles of illumination 1. Introduction. The problem raising in such aspect it’s necessary to examine es- As the experience of new-built churches testifies, a process sence and value of the light in space of the of re-conceiving of national traditions and searches of com- Orthodox Church. bination of modern constructions and building technologies In religion and spiritual life of believing peo- last with the traditional architectonic forms of the church bu- ple the light is an important and meaningful ilding in modern church architecture of Ukraine. Some archi- symbol of combination in their imagination tects go by borrowing forms of the Old Russian church archi- of the celestial and earthly worlds. Through tecture, other consider it’s better to inherit the best traditions this it occupies a central place among reli- of wooden and stone churches of the Ukrainian baroque or gious characters which are used in the Saint- realize the ideas of church architecture of the beginning of ed Letter. From the first book of Old Testa- XX. In the east areas the volume-spatial composition of the ment, where the fact of creation of the light Russian “synod-empire” of the church style is renovated as by God is specified: “And God said: “Let it be the “national sign of church architecture” and interpreted as light!”(Genesis 1.3-4), to the last New Testa- the new “Ukrainian Renaissance” [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Studies 300 Second Temple Judaism Fall Term 2020
    Religious Studies 300 Second Temple Judaism Fall Term 2020 (3 credits; MW 10:05-11:25; Oegema; Zoom & Recorded) Instructor: Prof. Dr. Gerbern S. Oegema Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University 3520 University Street Office hours: by appointment Tel. 398-4126 Fax 398-6665 Email: [email protected] Prerequisite: This course presupposes some basic knowledge typically but not exclusively acquired in any of the introductory courses in Hebrew Bible (The Religion of Ancient Israel; Literature of Ancient Israel 1 or 2; The Bible and Western Culture), New Testament (Jesus of Nazareth, New Testament Studies 1 or 2) or Rabbinic Judaism. Contents: The course is meant for undergraduates, who want to learn more about the history of Ancient Judaism, which roughly dates from 300 BCE to 200 CE. In this period, which is characterized by a growing Greek and Roman influence on the Jewish culture in Palestine and in the Diaspora, the canon of the Hebrew Bible came to a close, the Biblical books were translated into Greek, the Jewish people lost their national independence, and, most important, two new religions came into being: Early Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism. In the course, which is divided into three modules of each four weeks, we will learn more about the main historical events and the political parties (Hasmonaeans, Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes, etc.), the religious and philosophical concepts of the period (Torah, Ethics, Freedom, Political Ideals, Messianic Kingdom, Afterlife, etc.), and the various Torah interpretations of the time. A basic knowledge of this period is therefore essential for a deeper understanding of the formation of the two new religions, Early Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism, and for a better understanding of the growing importance, history and Biblical interpretation have had for Ancient Judaism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tactful Wisdom of Queen of Sheba: an Analytical Study
    Volume 3, 2020 ISSN: 2617-4588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31058/j.edu.2020.31003 The Tactful Wisdom of Queen of Sheba: An Analytical Study Ragab Selim Ali1* 1 Department of Foreign Languages, College of Education, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Email Address [email protected] (Ragab Selim Ali) *Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 December 2019; Accepted: 15 January 2020; Published: 18 February 2020 Abstract: This paper is concerned with the story of Queen of Sheba (Bilqis) and her tactful wisdom in avoiding being involved in a war against King Solomon as tackled in the Scriptures, especially the Quran. As an extremely tactful queen, Queen of Sheba could shun any risky confrontation that eventually might lead to war against King Solomon at that time. This study is intended to show to what extent such a prudent queen could lead her sovereignty to safety and thriving. By avoiding being obsessed with declaring war against King Solomon, Queen of Sheba attained many privileges that belong to both her personality and her subjects. Keywords: Queen of Sheba (Bilqis), King Solomon, Sheba (Saba), Tactful Wisdom, Scriptures, The Quran 1. Introduction The story of Queen of Sheba has been mentioned in almost all Scriptures with special reference to her tactfulness and astuteness. Some people assume that such a character never existed in history as it is mentioned in the Yemeni story that Queen of Sheba (also called Bilqis) “supposedly had goat hooves rather than human feet, either because her mother had eaten a goat while pregnant with her, or because she was herself djinn” [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Islamic Empires
    HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY Medieval Islamic Empires Reader Reading the Koran Minaret of a mosque Kaaba in Mecca THIS BOOK IS THE PROPERTY OF: STATE Book No. PROVINCE Enter information COUNTY in spaces to the left as PARISH instructed. SCHOOL DISTRICT OTHER CONDITION Year ISSUED TO Used ISSUED RETURNED PUPILS to whom this textbook is issued must not write on any page or mark any part of it in any way, consumable textbooks excepted. 1. Teachers should see that the pupil’s name is clearly written in ink in the spaces above in every book issued. 2. The following terms should be used in recording the condition of the book: New; Good; Fair; Poor; Bad. Medieval Islamic Empires Reader Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free: to Share—to copy, distribute, and transmit the work to Remix—to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution—You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge® Foundation (www.coreknowledge.org) made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial—You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike—If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Were the Daughters of Allah?
    WHO WERE THE DAUGHTERS OF ALLAH? By DONNA RANDSALU B.A., University of British Columbia,1982. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (RELIGIOUS STUDIES) We accept this thesis—as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 1988 © Donna Kristin Randsalu, 1988 V In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of £gLlfr/OU^ £TUO>eS> The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date Per- n} DE-6(3/81) ABSTRACT Who were the Daughters of Allah, the three Arabian goddesses mentioned in the Qur'an and venerated by the pagan Arabs prior to the rise of Islam, and who since have vanished into obscurity? Can we reconstruct information about these goddesses by reference to earlier goddesses of the Near East? It is our intention to explore this possibility through an examination of their predecessors in view of the links between the Fertile Crescent and the Arabian Peninsula. Moving back in time from the seventh century A.D. (Arabia) through the Hellenistic Period (Syro/Phoenicia 300 B.C.-A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Stories of the Prophets
    Stories of the Prophets Written by Al-Imam ibn Kathir Translated by Muhammad Mustapha Geme’ah, Al-Azhar Stories of the Prophets Al-Imam ibn Kathir Contents 1. Prophet Adam 2. Prophet Idris (Enoch) 3. Prophet Nuh (Noah) 4. Prophet Hud 5. Prophet Salih 6. Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) 7. Prophet Isma'il (Ishmael) 8. Prophet Ishaq (Isaac) 9. Prophet Yaqub (Jacob) 10. Prophet Lot (Lot) 11. Prophet Shuaib 12. Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) 13. Prophet Ayoub (Job) 14 . Prophet Dhul-Kifl 15. Prophet Yunus (Jonah) 16. Prophet Musa (Moses) & Harun (Aaron) 17. Prophet Hizqeel (Ezekiel) 18. Prophet Elyas (Elisha) 19. Prophet Shammil (Samuel) 20. Prophet Dawud (David) 21. Prophet Sulaiman (Soloman) 22. Prophet Shia (Isaiah) 23. Prophet Aramaya (Jeremiah) 24. Prophet Daniel 25. Prophet Uzair (Ezra) 26. Prophet Zakariyah (Zechariah) 27. Prophet Yahya (John) 28. Prophet Isa (Jesus) 29. Prophet Muhammad Prophet Adam Informing the Angels About Adam Allah the Almighty revealed: "Remember when your Lord said to the angels: 'Verily, I am going to place mankind generations after generations on earth.' They said: 'Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and shed blood, while we glorify You with praises and thanks (exalted be You above all that they associate with You as partners) and sanctify You.' Allah said: 'I know that which you do not know.' Allah taught Adam all the names of everything, then He showed them to the angels and said: "Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful." They (angels) said: "Glory be to You, we have no knowledge except what You have taught us.
    [Show full text]