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Crs. WEB Patent Application Publication Sep US 2011 0220308A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0220308A1 Campbell (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 15, 2011 (54) ACIDIFIED POLYAMIDOAMINE ADHESIVES, (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 162A111 METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, AND USE FOR CREPING AND PLAY BOND (57) ABSTRACT APPLICATIONS A paper adhesive composition includes a cationic non (75) Inventor: Clayton J. Campbell, crosslinked acidified solution of a polyamidoamine with the Downingtown, PA (US) repeating units (73) Assignee: KEMIRACHEMICALS, INC., Kennesaw, GA (US) H H X-in (21) Appl. No.: 13/117,202 : Ni-------- : R2 O O (22) Filed: May 27, 2011 Related U.S. Application Data wherein n21; m=1 or 2; X" is chloride, bromide, iodide, Sulfate, bisulfate, nitrate, oxalate, alkyl carboxylate, aryl car (62) Division of application No. 12/104,791, filed on Apr. boxylate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, alkyl 17, 2008. Sulfonate, aryl Sulfonate, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing anions; R' is a divalent aliphatic, (60) Provisional application No. 60/912,225, filed on Apr. cycloaliphatic, or araliphatic group having from 1 to 24 car 17, 2007. bon atoms; R is hydrogen or a monovalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or araliphatic group having from 1 to 24 car Publication Classification bon atoms; and R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical derived (51) Int. Cl. from a dibasic carboxylic acid. Also disclosed are methods of B3F I/4 (2006.01) creping paper with the composition. CARRYING fa, TISSUE FOLL Crs. WEB Patent Application Publication Sep. 15, 2011 US 2011/0220308A1 I"OIH usts S.CS US 2011/022O3O8 A1 Sep. 15, 2011 ACIDIFIED POLYAMIDOAMINE ADHESIVES, epi-polyamides, which are thermoset resins (i.e. polymers METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, AND USE that lose solubility and fusibility upon crosslinking). They FOR CREPING AND PLAY BOND provide an adhesive coating durable enough to withstand the APPLICATIONS mechanical forces at the doctor blade underconditions of heat and/or moisture. Epi-polyamides are derived from the CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED crosslinking of polyamidoamines with epihalohydrins. APPLICATIONS Polyamidoamines themselves are condensation polymeriza 0001. This application is a divisional application of U.S. tion products formed by the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid patent application Ser. No. 12/104.791; filed on Apr. 17, 2008 and a polyamine having at least two primary amines and which claims the benefit of priority to legally related U.S. either a secondary or tertiary amine. Polyamidoamines are Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/912,225 filed Apr. manufactured in an alkaline environment (pH 8.0-10.0). The 17, 2007, which are fully incorporated herein by reference. pH is typically reduced to 3.0-5.0 prior to or after the addition of the epihalohydrin. Maintaining a low pH slows the BACKGROUND crosslinking reaction and maintains product viscosity. As the pH is increased the product crosslinks, viscosity significantly 0002 This disclosure relates to acidified polyamidoamine adhesive compositions, methods for their manufacture, and increases and the product can become unstable, resulting in their use in creping and ply bonding applications. gellation. 0003. In the manufacture of certain wet-laid paper prod 0007 While suitable for their intended purposes, ucts, such as facial tissue, bathroom tissue, napkins, or paper crosslinked adhesives also have certain disadvantages. They towels, the web is conventionally subjected to a creping pro tend to build up on the dryer surface, which pushes the blade cess in order to give it desirable textural characteristics, such back and causes sheet picking. They are ineffective on Virgin as softness stretch and bulk. The creping process involves fiber grades (low sheet moisture) that require high adhesion adhering the web to a rotating creping cylinder, such as a and better rewet. They also accumulate on dryer edges (the Yankee dryer, and then dislodging the adhered web with a hottest section of the dryer), causing uneven profile and/or doctor blade. The impact of the web against the doctor blade sheet breaks. The harder the base coating, the more that can ruptures some of the fiber-to-fiber bonds within the web and build up and increase the Z-directional coating thickness. causes the web to wrinkle or pucker causing a formation of Ideally, a balanced equilibrium should be established that the microfolds "crepe bars”. crepe chemical add-on, sheet fines and filler that come from 0004. The severity of this creping action is dependent the sheet equals the amount of coating that is scraped and upon a number of factors, including the degree of adhesion washed off the dryer surface. between the web and the surface of the creping cylinder. 0008. With very high coating hardness (typically on the Greater adhesion increases softness, although generally with dryer Surface edges where the dryer Surface temperatures is Some loss of strength. In order to increase adhesion, an adhe the highest), a bevel blade (5, 10 or 15° angle) at increased sive creping aid is used to enhance any naturally occurring blade holder pressure is more effective in scraping off the adhesion that the web may have due to its water-content. buildup. The use of a bevel blade on bath tissue grades, Water content can vary widely, depending on the extent to however, can also have negative effects (such as lower bulk, which the web has been previously dried. Adhesive creping bare spots on the dryer and excessive blade and dryer wear. aids prevent wear of the dryer surface, provide lubrication Changing the bevel angle and increasing pressure can result between the doctor blade and the dryer surfaces, reduce in low sheet bulk, requiring lower sheet moisture of 3.0 to chemical corrosion, and control the extent of creping. The 3.5% (much lower then desired) in order to recover some creping process can be wet or dry. bulk. Lower sheet moisture can require higher Yankee Steam 0005. In either the wet or dry crepe manufacturing pro (higher dryer Surface temperature) exacerbating the problem cess, crepe adhesives can be either “soft' or “hard' polymers. by further hardening the adhesive. Soft polymers are typically non-crosslinked polymers. Two 0009. Some tissue machines utilize a separate cleaning known soft polymer adhesives are polyamines and polyvinyl bladelocated after the doctor blade and before the crepe spray alcohol (PVOH). Examples include BBD 2071, a polyamine boom system. The cleaning blade is typically set at a pressure commercially available from Buckman Laboratories Interna from 69 to 276 megapascals (MPa) (10 to 40 pounds per tional, Inc., and AirVol(R), a polyvinyl alcohol sold by Air square inch (psi)) and designed to remove the excess coating Products and Chemicals, Inc. Both materials are non buildup peaks, providing improved overall Surface coating crosslinked and provide high adhesion, and are considered profile. highly moisture sensitive. These are used to fabricate low 0010 Limitations also arise in connection with use of the sheet moisture grade tissues such as bath tissue on TAD (Thru Yankee dryer crepe spray boom configuration. First, the Air Dryer) processes. Premium quality bath and facial tissue newly applied crepe adhesive starts crosslinking and setting (<4.0% sheet moisture) are fabricated on dry crepe processes. on the Yankee dryer surface shortly after emerging from the Disadvantages of these adhesives are that they dissolve easily spray boom. The setting rate of the adhesive depends on the (slight to no insolubility); they tend to associate with the sheet dryer type, temperature, speed, sheet moisture, and pH. and the moisture in the sheet because they are not crosslinked; Sometimes, debunizers (steam box prior to the vacuum pres they have an uneven dryer coating profile; they have fair to sure roll) or infrared heater are used for additional sheet poor Yankee dryer and blade protection (low add-on due to drying and can affect the coating drying rate. In most pro high adhesion); and some are corrosive, including PVOH. cesses, there is no available space to move the spray boom 0006 Hard polymers are typically crosslinked. The level closer to the blade holder to improve the adhesive's setting of crosslinking in commercial hard creping adhesive products time. If an insufficient coating base is present, an adhesive ranges from slight to high. Useful hard creping aids include that has a higher degree of crosslinking is used. US 2011/022O3O8 A1 Sep. 15, 2011 0011 Second, the spray boom dilution water rewets the ally a softer roll made of composite material onto which a existing coating base that remained on the dryer. As the coat pattern is impressed by the opposing, male, engraved metal ing base Swells and softens, the adhesive is retackified, allow roll. In addition, the journals and bearings of both embossing ing the sheet to properly transfer from the vacuum pressure rolls can also wear out prematurely if Subjected to increased roll to the dryer surface. There are occasions when a heavily pressure over a prolonged period. crosslinked adhesive can not be sufficiently rewetted and 0017 Creping adhesives overcome some of the problems softened and the Z directional coating thickness builds up of embossing, but they also cause problems, such as “through causing operational problems. bonding” or “blocking, in which adjacent laminates bond to 0012. Other drawbacks are associated with water-soluble, one another, and, prevent unwinding of the laminate product thermosetting cationic epi-polyamide resins. The physical from its roll. Non-uniformity of bonding also causes prob properties of these resins, such as insolubility, rewet, adhe lems, such as wrinkling of the tissue and bad printing. Sion, and hardness, are in large measure controlled by the 0018. Another product requirement in ply bonding is wet degree of cross-linking by the epihalohydrin. It is very diffi strength, the resistance to tearing or pulling apart while wet, cult to vary these properties for a given creping machine.
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