Kiattisak Roonprasang Thermal Analysis of Multi-Cylinder Drying

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Kiattisak Roonprasang Thermal Analysis of Multi-Cylinder Drying Verarbeitungstechnik Kiattisak Roonprasang Thermal Analysis of Multi-Cylinder Drying Section with variant Geometry Thermal Analysis of Multi-Cylinder Drying Section with Variant Geometry Kiattisak Roonprasang Thermische Analyse von Mehrzylinder Trockenpartien mit variabler Geometrie An der Fakultät Maschinenwesen der Technischen Universität Dresden zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktoringenieur (Dr.-Ing.) angenommene Dissertation Kiattisak Roonprasang, M. Eng. geb. am 02. Juni 1972 in Suratthani, Thailand Tag der Einreichung: 28. Mai 2008 Tag der Verteidigung: 25. November 2008 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. -Ing. J. –P. Majschak Prof. Dr. -Ing. H. Großmann Asst. Prof. Dr. J. Tiansuwan Dr. -Ing. R. Wilken Vorsitzender der Promotionskomission: Prof. Dr. -Ing. habil. W. Richter Danksagung Ich möchte meine Dankbarkeit gegenüber all denen zum Ausdruck bringen, die mir die Möglichkeit und Unterstützung gaben meine Dissertation in Deutschland zu bearbeiten und abzuschließen. Zuerst möchte ich der Königlichen Thailändischen Regierung für das Bewilligen meines Stipendiums danken, dass es mir möglich gemacht hat am Lehrstuhl für Verarbeitungsmaschinen/ Verarbeitungstechnik an der Technischen Universität Dresden zu studieren und meine Forschungsarbeit durchzuführen. Außerdem bin ich dem ehemaligen Leiter des Lehrstuhls, Herrn Prof. Dr. - Ing. habil. Horst Goldhahn, zu Dank verpflichtet, dass er mir die Gelegenheit gegeben hat an seiner Professur zu studieren. Er begleitete meine fachliche Arbeit während meiner ersten Zeit in Deutschland und blieb auch nach seinem Eintritt in den Ruhestand mit mir in Kontakt. Meine tiefe und aufrichtige Dankbarkeit gilt meinem Doktorvater Herrn Prof. Dr. -Ing. Jens-Peter Majschak. Sein breites Wissen und seine logische Denkweise waren von hohem Wert für mich. Sein Verständnis, seine aufmunternde und persönliche Anleitung waren für mich eine gute Basis für den Aufbau und den Abschluss meiner Dissertation. Ich bin sehr stolz, sein erster graduierter Doktorand zu sein. Nicht nur die akademische Beratung von meinem Betreuer Herrn Dr.-Ing. Sven Tietze, sondern vor allen Dingen seine „familiäre“ Unterstützung in der Zeit meines Deutschlandaufenthaltes haben mir sehr geholfen mich hier wohlzufühlen und wesentlich zum Gelingen meiner Arbeit beigetragen. Herzlichen Dank! Für die Durchführung der Promotionsprüfung, möchte ich allen Gutachtern, Herrn Prof. Dr. -Ing. H. Großmann, Frau Asst. Prof. Dr. J. Tiansuwan und Herrn Dr. rer. nat. R. Wilken für die Bewertung und ihre hilfreichen Anmerkungen zu meiner Arbeit danken. Spezieller Dank gilt Herrn Prof. Dr. -Ing. H. Großmann für seine Informationen über das Fachgebiet der Papiertechnik. Er unterstützte mich bei der Suche nach Praxispartnern in der Papierindustrie. Ein MatLAB Berater, der für meine Arbeit sehr wichtig war, ist Herr Dipl. -Ing. K. Sanguanpiyapan. Ihm danke ich für seine stete Bereitschaft mir bei auftretenden Problemen mit dem Simulationsprogramm zu helfen. Die letzten 5 Jahre waren eine schöne Zeit mit allen netten Kollegen im Lehrstuhl. Ich möchte zuerst dem Sekretariat unseres Lehrstuhls für die Hilfe beim Bewältigen der Bürokratie und die täglichen warmen Tasse Kaffee danken. Mein herzlicher Dank gilt allen meinen Kollegen, die immer sehr freundlich zu mir waren. Leider kann ich euch nicht alle beim Namen nennen, dafür bitte ich um Nachsich. Mein tiefster Dank geht zu meiner Familie und zu meinen Freunden nach Thailand für ihre große Unterstützung und Ermutigung bis zur Fertigstellung dieser Dissertation. Kiattisak Roonprasang Dresden, den 03. Dezember 2008 Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this Dissertation. First, I would like to thank the Royal Thai Government for giving me scholarships and supported throughout my studying and research at the department for Processing Machine and Processing Technology at Technical University of Dresden. I have furthermore to thank the former chief of the department Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. H. Goldhahn for giving me an opportunity to begin studying in this department and also gave me a good guidance about working culture here until his retirement. I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my “Doktorvater” Prof. Dr. –Ing. Jens –Peter Majschak. His wide knowledge and his logical way of thinking have been of great value for me. His understanding, encouraging and personal guidance have provided a good basis for the present dissertation. I am very proud to be his first graduated doctorate. I also gratefully acknowledge my advisor Dr. –Ing. Sven Tietze for not only be an academic consultancy but also a social assistance. Without him my dissertation will not be completed. For process of doctorate examination, I would like to thank all of reviewers: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Großmann, Asst. Prof. Dr. J. Tiansuwan and Dr. rer. nat. R. Wilken for evaluating my work and gave me precious comments to fulfill the core of research. Special thanks to Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Großmann again for consulted me in field of paper technology and provided me cooperation from paper industry. For MatLAB advisor who is very important for my work, I would like to thank Dipl. –Ing. K. Sanguanpiyapan for standby and ready to be called any time, when I have a problem with the simulation program. For the past 5 years, it has been a great time with all of nice colleagues in Department. I wish to thank to our Department’s secretary for helping about bureaucracy and a warm cup of coffee every day. I would like also thank to all of my colleagues who are always kind to me, as well as expressing my apology that I could not mention personally one by one. Last but not least, my deepest thanks go to my family and my friends for great supports and encouragement until finishing this Dissertation. Kiattisak Roonprasang Dresden, 3rd December 2008 ความส าเร็จอันยิ่งใหญ่นี้ ลูกขอมอบให้ พ่อ และแม่ ที่รักยิ่ง VII Table of Contents Nomenclature V 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research question …………………………………………………… 2 1.2 Aim and scope of investigation ……………………………………. 3 1.3 Distribution of knowledge …………………………………………. 4 2 Technical Background 5 2.1 Background ………………………………………………………….. 7 2.1.1 History of papermaking …………………….…………….... 7 2.1.2 Papermaking machine …………………..….………………. 9 2.1.3 Multi-cylinder drying …………………………….………… 11 2.2 Literature Review …………................................................................ 18 2.3 Conclusion …………………………………………………………… 22 3 Theories and Mathematical Modeling 29 3.1 Brief of drying theory …………………………………………………… 29 3.2 Mathematical models for drying section ……………………………… 32 3.2.1 Drying model ………………………………………….................... 32 3.2.1.1 Drying phases in single-felted configuration………….. 33 3.2.1.2 Drying phases in double-felted configuration ………… 35 3.2.1.3 Heat transfer model for drying phases ………………… 37 3.2.1.4 Boundary condition for cylinder model ……………….. 39 3.2.1.5 Boundary condition for cylinder-paper interface …...... 40 3.2.1.6 Boundary condition for paper model ………………….. 41 3.2.1.7 Mass transfer model …………………………………....... 43 3.2.2 Geometry model …………………………………………………… 44 3.2.2.1 Geometry model for single-felted configuration …….... 45 3.2.2.2 Geometry model for double-felted configuration …...... 50 3.2.2.3 Case sensitive for geometry model ……………….…….. 58 VIII 3.2.3 Energy model ……………………………………………………..... 60 3.2.3.1 Thermodynamic model for individual dryer cylinder .. 60 3.2.3.2 Thermodynamic model for drying section …………….. 63 3.3 Physical properties of material ……………………………….................. 67 3.3.1 Physical properties of drying cylinder …………………………... 67 3.3.2 Physical properties of paper ……………………………………… 67 3.3.3 Properties of surrounding air …………………………………….. 68 3.3.4 Convective heat transfer coefficient ……………………………… 70 3.3.5 Partial pressure of water vapor ……………………………........... 71 3.3.6 Heat of evaporation and heat of desorption ……………………. 72 3.3.7 Steam properties …………………………………………………… 73 3.3.8 Drying fabric properties …………………………………………... 73 3.4 Simulation Program ………………………………..……………………. 73 4 Verification of Calculation Results 75 4.1 Analysis of drying section data ………………………………………… 76 4.2 Model Validation ………………………………………………………… 80 4.2.1 Geometry model verification ……………………….……………. 80 4.2.2 Drying model tuning parameters ………………………………... 83 4.2.3 Moisture profile verification …………………………..………….. 85 4.2.4 Verification of cylinder surface temperature ………………….... 87 4.3 Other case study of calculation results ……………………..………….. 87 4.3.1 Local temperature profile of cylinder surface ………………..…. 89 4.3.2 Local temperature profile of paper web …..................................... 90 4.3.3 Local evaporation rate …………………………………………...... 95 4.3.4 Local heat flux on cylinder surface ………………………….…… 97 4.4 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………... 98 5 Illustrative Simulation 99 5.1 Effect of geometry design ………………………………………..…….. 99 5.2 Study of temperature profile ………………………...………...………. 104 5.2.1 Local temperature profile of paper web and cylinder surface .. 105 5.2.2 Overall temperature profile for drying section …………........... 110 5.3 Study of moisture profile ………………………………………..…...… 110 5.3.1 Local evaporation rate ……………………………………..…...... 111 IX 5.3.2 Overall moisture profile of drying section ……………….……. 116 5.4 Study of heat flux ……………………………………...………………... 118 5.5 Discussion and Conclusion …………………………………………….. 122 6 Conclusions and Future Work 125 6.1 Conclusion …………………………………………………………… 125 6.2 Future Work …………………………………………………………. 127 Bibliography 129 Appendix A : Numerical
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