Report to make a recorded name official: Lake Ferry (locality) Palliser Bay,

MAP 1

Source: MapToaster™

Source: QGIS™ for the NZGB Gazetteer: Topo250 map 16. Crown Copyright reserved Shape file provided by South District Council

SUMMARY

• The proposer is seeking to have the existing recorded name, Lake Ferry , for a small locality on the shore where Lake Onoke empties into Palliser Bay, approved or assigned as an official geographic feature name. The intention of the proposal is to recognise and officially designate the location of the settlement as distinct from the adjoining lake feature. • The proposer advises that the small rural locality has approximately 50 dwellings with potential for another thirty. The local hotel and motor camp are popular destinations for tourists and holiday makers, and the

1 Land Information New Zealand

23 September 2015 Page 1 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 area is a recreational centre for seasonal hunting and fishing. • Over the years there have been a number of riding and drowning fatalities in the area. Approving or assigning Lake Ferry (locality) as an official name would not cause any confusion for emergency services as the name has been in long term use. • The proposer has consulted widely and provided documentary evidence of support from Lake Ferry Ratepayers & Residents Association, the Department of Conservation (DOC) and the Council. • The GIS Project Manager/Cultural Advisor to Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa personally supports the proposal. • Te Puni Kōkiri has provided a verbal update on consultation it has undertaken with mana whenua. • In terms of the NZGB’s definition of a recorded name, ie, all NZMS maps and the Archived Place Names Database (replaced by the NZGB’s Gazetteer) are authoritative publications/databases, the proposal meets the criteria of s.24 of the NZGB Act 2008 as there does not appear to be any other recorded name for Lake Ferry (locality). It is clear that the locality is being officially named and not the lake, therefore there is unlikely to be any public objection. • The NZGB may consider adding Okorewa, Rautoka and Upokokirikiri for places that are not specific to the locality of Lake Ferry but are in the immediate vicinity, which are depicted on historical plans and documents that the NZGB has yet to consider to be authoritative publications, to the Gazetteer as ‘Collected’ names to enable their discovery. However, if the NZGB agrees that these historical plans and documents are authoritative, then the names can be added to the Gazetteer as ‘Recorded’ names.

23 September 2015 Page 2 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 SECRETARIAT RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1 Approve as official Lake Ferry (locality) in terms of Section 24(2)(a) of the NZGB Act 2008, based on: - it being unlikely that there will be public objection and there being no alternative recorded name specifically for the locality, - the name being in long term use, - support for the proposal from Lake Ferry Ratepayers & Residents Association, DOC and the South Wairarapa District Council, and - it being of benefit to emergency services to officially name the locality. and Recommendation 2 Notify in terms of Section 21(2) of the NZGB Act 2008.

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Recommendation 3 Consider recommending that Lake Ferry (locality) be added to the Online Dictionary of New Zealand Sign Language. and Recommendation 4 Add Okorewa, Rautoka and Upokokirikiri, which are depicted on historical [Deferred] plans and documents that the NZGB has not considered to be authoritative publications, to the Gazetteer as ‘Collected’ names to enable their discovery, subject to confirmation with mana whenua of their story and orthography with Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori (TTWh). or Recommendation 4a Agree that that the historical plans and documents on which Okorewa, Rautoka and Upokokirikiri are shown are authoritative, and add them to the Gazetteer as ‘Recorded’ names to enable their discovery, subject to confirmation with mana whenua of their story and orthography with TTWh.

OTHER OPTIONS Option 5 Defer this proposal to approve Lake Ferry (locality) as an official geographic name to undertake further consultation with mana whenua and the community. OR Option 6 Accept a proposal to assign Lake Ferry (locality), based on it being an opportunity to undertake further consultation with mana whenua and the community, and Option 7 Notify as a proposal to assign for a period of three one months in terms of Section 16 of the NZGB Act 2008.

SECRETARIAT ANALYSIS

The Proposal • The proposer is seeking to have the recorded name Lake Ferry (locality) approved as an official geographic name in terms of s.10(1)(b) and s.24(2)(a) of the NZGB Act 2008. • Initially the proposal was for Lake Ferry Settlement; however, the proposer subsequently confirmed that the proposal is for Lake Ferry without the generic term ‘Settlement’. • The proposer advises that the intention of the proposal is to recognise and officially designate the location of the settlement as distinct from

23 September 2015 Page 3 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 the lake feature. • The proposer advises that: - Lake Ferry is one of the oldest settlements in the Wairarapa, and is historically significant for Māori and as the entry point for European pioneers bringing stock around the south coast from Wellington, - there are approximately 54 dwellings at Lake Ferry at present, with the potential for another thirty within the residential zone area, - the settlement has a hotel, which attracts significant daytime trade from tourists, and a permanent motor camp on South Wairarapa District Council land, and - the area is known for its biodiversity, including a number of different bird species, the long finned eel and whitebait migration, and is a recreational centre for seasonal hunting and fishing.

Historical maps, • ‘Ferry’ in various forms has been depicted on maps plans and charts plans and charts since 1855. • Historical plans W(R)17, ML 1564, SO 10482 and ML 600 show ‘Okorewa’ adjoining Lake Ferry to the southeast. • Historical plans SO 10464 (1844) and SO 10482 show ‘Pa Poko kiri kiri’ and ‘Site of the Old Pa Upokokirikiri’ to the north of Lake Ferry. • Historical plan ML 600 shows ‘Rautoka’ to the north of Lake Ferry. • Refer to research below for more discussion on Okorewa, Rautoka and Upokokirikiri. Map/plan/chart Date Name SO 10482 undated Ferry Reserve W(R)17 1855 Ferry Reserve Ferry House ML 1564 1860 Ferry Reserve Ferry House GAZ91 1875 Not named ML 600 1881 Ferry (survey mark) ML 4202 Not dated Ferry Reserve Lake Ferry Road SO 13336 1892 Ferry (survey mark) SO 14350 1898 Ferry (survey mark) Ferry Reserve Lake Ferry Road SO 14415 1899 Ferry (survey mark) Ferry Res. Lake Ferry Road B 233 & B 235 1907 Ferry (survey mark) Ferry Res. DP 1943 1907 Ferry Res. Lake Ferry Rd. SO 15898 1908 Ferry (survey mark) NZMS 26, 1920 Not named NZMS 13, WN89 1925 Ferry (survey mark)

23 September 2015 Page 4 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 FERRY RES. LAKE FERRY RD. NZMS 25, North Island 1948 Not named NZMS 177, N165 1965 Lake Ferry NZMS 1, N165, 1 st ,2 nd & 3 rd eds. 1953, 1966, 1973 Lake Ferry Chart NZ 46 2000 Lake Ferry NZMS 260 R27 R28 Pt Q27 2006 Lake Ferry NZTopo50-BQ32 2014 Lake Ferry Chart NZ 463 2015 Lake Ferry

Location/extent of • The feature is a small settlement located on the shore where Lake feature Onoke empties into Palliser Bay, approximately 30 km southwest of Martinborough and 33 km east-southeast of Wellington. • The South Wairarapa District Council has provided a shape file that shows an extent of approximately 50 ha for the locality. • The proposer was initially concerned that the coordinates for Lake Ferry (locality) pinned it in the lake and not on land in the NZGB’s Gazetteer . • When the Gazetteer was established the reference point was taken from the place where the name appeared cartographically on the NZMS260 R27 R28 Pt Q27, which happened to be in the lake. The NZGB’s Secretariat has updated the Gazetteer to show the reference point on land.

Generic term and • Lake Ferry is not named after the lake that it adjoins, and historically a geographic feature generic term has not been part of its name. type • The generic term ‘Lake’ forms part of the specific name. Including a generic term as part of the specific name is common in some populated place names, for example, Otaki Beach, Pukerua Bay and Lake Hāwea. • Because Lake Ferry has been in long term use, adding a generic feature type, for example ‘Settlement’, to the name is not likely to be of any benefit to the public or emergency services. It would also make the name very long.

New Zealand • Lake Ferry (locality) is a recorded name in the New Zealand Gazetteer. Gazetteer

Associative and • Lake Ferry Road is the main access road from Martinborough into Lake duplicated names Ferry. • There is no duplication of Lake Ferry. • Other duplications of ‘Ferry’: Ferry Hill twice in Otago, Ferry Landing in Whitianga Harbour, Menzies Ferry in Southland and Scotts Ferry on Rangitikei River are so far distant from Lake Ferry that there is unlikely to be confusion or issues for emergency services because of duplication.

Research/History/ • There is no record in the NZGB’s archives for Lake Ferry. References • The proposer has provided a number of references describing the

23 September 2015 Page 5 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 establishment of the farming community, the ferry service and hotel at Lake Ferry. • Reed 2 records, ‘Ferry, Lake: Wellington, at Palliser Bay, by Lake Onoke. A condition of the granting of a licence to the owner of the first accommodation house was that travellers must be ferried across the lake’. • Bagnall 3 describes the establishment of the ferry service and ferry reserve in 1851 because of the many fatalities on and near Lake Onoke. Bagnell records, ‘Lake Ferry, with its heavy burden of challenge and tragedy, retained a special place in the minds of pioneers, which encouraged the retention of special facilities long after the need had really passed’. • Mulgan 4 records, ‘The Lake Ferry accommodation house in Palliser Bay was an early foundation. It was half whare, half labourer’s cottage…it is still a condition of this house’s license that the licensee shall ferry travellers across the river’. • Papers Past 5 records a number of fatalities from riding accidents and drownings at Lake Ferry between 1873 and 1940. • More recently, on 18 August 2015 the Dominion Post reported that a whitebaiter, who was fishing by the mouth of Lake Onoke where it enters near Lake Ferry, drowned 6. • Lake Ferry Holiday Park and Motor Camp and Lake Ferry Hotel and Pub at Lake Ferry are popular destinations for tourists and holiday makers 7. • The area is used for a number of recreational activities including fishing, swimming, wind surfing, whitebaiting and kayaking (ibid.). References to • Historical plans W(R)17, ML 1564 and ML 600 show ‘Okorewa’ on the Okorewa sandbanks to the southeast of Lake Ferry. • Best 8 records, ‘Whatonga and his party came to Okorewa (where the waters of the lake flow into Palliser Bay)’. • Fletcher 9 records: OKOREWA – the place where the Wairarapa lake enters the ocean. • South Wairarapa Biodiversity Group Inc 10 locates Okorewa Lagoon at the southeastern end of Lake Ferry. References to • Historical plans SO 10464 (1844) and SO 10482 (undated) show ‘Pa Upokokirikiri Poko kiri kiri’ and ‘Site of the Old Pa Upokokirikiri’ either within, or just north of, Ferry Reserve. • Claims of Natives to Wairarapa Lakes and Adjacent Lands 11 records, ‘Do not know where Rautoka is situated, except that it is near the ferry at Te Upokokirikiri’. References to • Historical plan ML 600 (1881) shows ‘Rautoka’ to the north of Lake Rautoka Ferry. • Fletcher (ibid.) has an entry for Rautoka but no description. Further comments • The New Zealand Gazette , 1881, p.553 describes Wairarapa Lake South on Okorewa, Block as ‘…thence to Turanganui, thence to Rautoka, thence to Te Rere- Upokokirikiri and a-te-Mahoa, terminating at Okorewa’.

2 Reed, A.W. & Dowling, P. 2010. Place names of New Zealand . Penguin Group: North Shore. 3 Bagnall, A.G. 1976. Wairarapa: an historical excursion . Hedley’s Bookshop for the Masterton Trust Lands Trust: Masterton. 4 Mulgan, A. (1939). The City of the Strait: Wellington and its Province. AW & AW Reed: Wellington. 5 http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast accessed 18 August 2015. 6 Desperate efforts fail to revive whitebaiter swept into Cook Strait . http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion- post/news/wairarapa/71234136/desperate-efforts-fail-to-revive-whitebaiter-swept-into-cook-strait accessed 21 August 2015. 7 Lake Ferry Holiday Park . http://www.lakeferryholidaypark.co.nz/home accessed 21 August 2015. 8 Elsdon Best, The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 27,- No. 3(107) (September, 1918), pp. 99-114 9 Fletcher, H.J. 1925. Index of Māori Names. http://www.waikato.ac.nz/library/maori-names-index/ accessed 1 September 2015. 10 Onoke / Okorewa Lagoon Project , http://swbg.weebly.com/okorewaonoke-lagoon.html accessed 17 August 2015 11 Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1891 Session II, G-04, http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi- bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1891-II.2.2.5.9 accessed 1 September 2015.

23 September 2015 Page 6 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 Rautoka • A plan of Wairarapa Lake South Block in an Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives dated 1891 shows Rautoka and Okorewa in a way that may imply a locality; however, Rautoka is shown north of Ferry Reserve on ML 600 (1881). • The NZGB may consider adding Okorewa, Upokokirikiri and Rautoka to the Gazetteer as ’Collected’ or ‘Recorded’ names to enable their discovery in terms of s.3(e) of the NZGB Act 2008, which provides the means for appropriate recognition to be accorded to cultural and heritage values associated with geographic features.

Consultation with • The proposer has provided documentary evidence of support from the iwi and others Lake Ferry Ratepayers & Residents Association Inc, and DOC whose stewardship area, Lake Wairarapa Wetland Conservation Area, is adjacent to Lake Ferry. • The proposer has also provided documentary evidence of support for the proposal from South Wairarapa District Council (SWDC) with the proviso that the name is for the settlement and not the lake, and noting that two councillors supported the proposal but would have preferred that the choice of name be selected as the result of feedback or consultation. • The proposer has provided the 27 July 2015 minutes of the SWDC’s Māori Standing Committee who, ‘Could not support the name Lake Ferry at this stage due to the Treaty of Waitangi negotiations’. An action for the Committee is to contact the Treaty Trust to request information on what the Trust thought Lake Ferry Settlement should be formally named. • The proposer has also provided documentary evidence of support from the GIS Project Manager/Cultural Advisor to Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa, who comments that: - he personally supports the proposal, - Ngāti Kahungunu will be seeking changes to place names as part of its Treaty settlement; however, it will be a few months before these proposed changes are confirmed and submitted to the NZGB, - tangata whenua will need to consider the implications of any changes in name status on Lake Onoke, which is the name of the lake adjoining Lake Ferry, - the name Lake Ferry derives from the ferry service across Lake Onoke, - there is confusion between the correct name of the lake and the name of the locality, and this should be taken into account in the processing and outcome of the proposal. • Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa has indicated to the NZGB that it is researching traditional place names and is keen to undertake a cultural mapping project similar to that of Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. Lake Ferry, for the lake feature and not the locality, and other Wairarapa lake names were indicated as being of interest, and may be brought to the NZGB for discussion in the future, possibly post-settlement in late 2016. • Te Puni Kōkiri (TPK) has sought the views of iwi who have an interest in the area and provided a verbal update. • The proposer advises that he has also sought comments from Rangitāne o Wairarapa, Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa, Kohunui Marae and the Greater Wellington Regional Council, but did not receive a response.

NZGB Act 2008 • Section 4 defines a locality as an identifiable area within a local

23 September 2015 Page 7 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 authority area, usually rural or partly rural in character. Lake Ferry is partly rural in character, and SWDC has provided a shape file that identifies the extent. Therefore the proposal meets the definition of a locality. • Under s.10(1)(b) a principal function of the Board is to approve a recorded name as an official geographic name, and s.24(1) gives the NZGB discretion not to give public notice, ie. undertake public consultation, if it is of the opinion that there is not likely to be public objection. Any public objection is likely to be the result of confusion that the lake is being named and not the locality. To date there has been no public objection to other recorded names for localities similar in size to Lake Ferry that the NZGB has approved as official through its s.24 Recorded Names process, for example, Collingwood and Parapara . • Under s.24(2)(a) without giving public notice under s.16 the Board may approve a recorded name as official if there are no known alternative recorded names for that geographic feature. At its meeting on 27 March 2009 the NZGB agreed that all NZMS maps and the Archived Place Names Database (replaced by the NZGB’s Gazetteer) are authoritative publications/databases in terms of the definition of recorded names. Okorewa, Upokokirikiri and Rautoka, which are names for places that are not specific to the locality of Lake Ferry but are in the immediate vicinity, are shown in historical plans and documents that the NZGB has not considered to be authoritative publications, therefore there does not appear to be any known alternative recorded name for Lake Ferry (locality) in or on any authoritative publication. If the NZGB has any doubt that these are alternative names, an option to process the proposal through the full statutory process, ie. s.16 of the NZGB Act 2008.

Policy from • Locality and suburb names: It is particularly important that locality and Frameworks suburb names and extents be assigned with emergency and utility version 7 services in mind. Therefore, the Board’s main concerns are standardisation and non-ambiguity. When considering name proposals for localities or suburbs and their extents, the Board will: - seek the support of the relevant territorial authority before processing the proposal - consider local community views - take into account the views of iwi, hāpu and marae who are tangata whenua SWDC supports the proposal. Included in the proposal is a copy of the flyer distributed to the local community seeking their views and feedback. The proposer and the NZGB have actively sought the views of mana whenua. • Spatial extents of geographic features: The Board will consider the spatial extent of a geographic feature on a case-by-case basis, and where possible will determine those extents. SWDC has provided a shape file that defines the extent and boundaries of Lake Ferry. Although the geographical extent is relatively small, it is a significant recreational area where there have been a number of fatalities over the years.

Addressing • The Australia/New Zealand Standard for rural and urban addressing, Implications states, ‘A locality name shall not be duplicated within the country. A locality name should not be similar in spelling or sound (e.g. Wytmont,

23 September 2015 Page 8 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 Whitmont) to any other locality name within the country’. There is no duplication of Lake Ferry and Lake Ferry is depicted as a locality on NZPost’s Postcode Boundaries map 12 .

Hydrographic • Although Lake Ferry is named on Charts NZ 46 and NZ 463, there are Considerations no navigational lights or beacons depicted in the area, and it is not recorded in the Admiralty Sailing Directions 13 .

Emergency • The proposer has provided a clipping ‘Megaquake Warning’ from the Services front page of the Dominion Post dated 19 May 2015, which shows Lake Ferry as one of twelve earthquake locations for the . • The proposer has not provided documentary evidence of consultation with emergency services or Civil Defence. However, rationalisation between Emergency Services, Territorial Authorities, NZ Post and the NZGB is an outcome required for upholding consistency and standardisation so as to eliminate confusion and ambiguity. • The area is popular with recreational users. Approving or assigning Lake Ferry (locality) would not cause any confusion for emergency services as the name has been in long term use.

Media • There was some media attention prior to the NZGB receiving this proposal, with articles in the Wairarapa Times Age and Wairarapa Midweek on 11, 13 and 20 July 2015. • On 14 August 2014 the proposal for Lake Ferry was mentioned in the Wairarapa Times Age article ‘Aotearoa: the Land of the Long Red Tape’.

Online Dictionary • NZSL is an official language and New Zealand’s obligations under the of New Zealand United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Sign Language (UNCRPD) provide a basis for the NZGB to recognise the existence and importance of geographic names as they are expressed in NZSL. • There is no standardised New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL) sign for Lake Ferry in the online Dictionary. The NZGB may consider recommending that if Lake Ferry becomes official that it be added to the NZSL Dictionary.

12 Postcode Boundaries South Wairarapa District . https://www.nzpost.co.nz/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/postcodemaps/south- wairarapa-district.pdf accessed 21 August 2015. 13 Mason, S.C. (Ed.). 2010. Admiralty Sailing Directions, New Zealand Pilot, 18th edition . United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, Taunton, United Kingdom.

23 September 2015 Page 9 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

1. Proposal, including documentary evidence of consultation – 20 July 2015 2. Consultation emails to and from Te Puni Kōkiri – 21, 27 & 28 July 2015 3. Media articles provided by LINZ’s Media Monitors

23 September 2015 Page 10 of 10 Linzone ID A2028558