Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana Sponsored By: Breanne Happell René Jacques Elizabeth van Zyl Elizabeth Walfield Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science In cooperation with The Greater Wellington Regional Council Submitted on March 1st, 2016 Submitted By: Breanne Happell René Jacques Elizabeth van Zyl Elizabeth Walfield Project Advisors: Bethel Eddy Robert Kinicki This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects i Abstract This project aided the Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) in gathering the opinions of stakeholders in regards to two flood protection methods in the Lower Wairarapa Valley of New Zealand: the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and the Ruamahanga River Cutoff. These methods regulate water levels in Lake Wairarapa. The team conducted 25 interviews with flood protection managers, farmers that live in the valley, and members of Ngāti Kahungunu, a Māori iwi (tribe). Our analysis found that fish passage through the gates, lake water levels, and whether the GWRC incorporated stakeholder opinions fairly were areas of concern to the stakeholder groups. This information will help to facilitate further communication between the stakeholder groups and the GWRC. ii Executive Summary This project evaluated the various views on the management of the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and the Ruamahanga River Cutoff, two flood protection methods implemented in Wairarapa Moana. Located on the southeast section of New Zealand’s north island, Wairarapa Moana consists of Lake Wairarapa, Lake Onoke, the surrounding wetlands, and the Ruamahanga River as shown in Figure 0.1. The team focused on gathering the viewpoints of three main stakeholder groups, the managers of the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme, the farmers affected by the scheme, and one tribe of New Zealand’s indigenous people (Māori), Ngāti Kahungunu. This report documents the opinions and views of these stakeholder groups. FIGURE 0.1 MAP OF THE LOWER WAIRARAPA VALLEY DEVELOPMENT SCHEME, [PHOTOGRAPH GWRC, N.D.] The Lower Wairarapa Valley, made up of flat plains, is often subject to heavy rain which has led to a long history of flooding. In 1983, in order to reduce flooding, the Greater Wellington Regional Council constructed the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme. The scheme consists of the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates, the Ruamahanga River Cutoff and various stopbanks. This study focuses on the barrage gates (shown in Figure 0.2), a dam-like structure that controls the flow of water in and out of Lake Wairarapa. iii FIGURE 0.2 THE GEOFFREY BLUNDELL BARRAGE GATES, [PHOTOGRAPH GWRC, N.D.] The gates have greatly reduced flooding in the region and have increased the land available for farming. The Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme has helped to protect 31,500 hectares of land from annual flooding (Gunn, 2012), as seen in the map in Figure 0.3. FIGURE 0.3 THE EXTENT OF FLOODING BEFORE AND AFTER THE LOWER WAIRARAPA VALLEY DEVELOPMENT SCHEME, [PHOTOGRAPH GWRC, N.D.] Wairarapa Moana serves as a home for a variety of different species, and is one of the most biodiverse areas in the country. The Crown considers many of these species to be nationally critical, endangered, or vulnerable (Wairarapa Moana Wetlands Project, 2015d). However, the environmental impacts caused by the barrage gates and Ruamahanga River Cutoff have provided challenges for the native fish and eel populations (Wairarapa Moana Wetlands Project, 2015e). The Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme has affected not only the environment, but the people surrounding Lake Wairarapa as well. The difficulties that arise when balancing efficient flood protection with environmental awareness have led to many different opinions on the management of the barrage gates. iv FIGURE 0.4 SHORTFIN EELS, [PHOTOGRAPH DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION, N.D] The Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates operate under a resource consent, a document required for any structure that alters the natural environment, which is set to expire in 2019. The consent outlines the management methods as well as any environmental and cultural impacts of the barrage gates. The opinions and views of the managers of the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme, farmers affected by the scheme, and members of Ngāti Kahungunu are essential when drafting a new resource consent. The managers of the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme control the operation of the barrage gates, while the farmers affected by the scheme are primarily dairy farmers with farmland that would previously flood before the scheme. The farming community elects representatives to an advisory committee that makes recommendations on the flood protection methods to the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme managers. The Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and are members of tribes, or iwi. Ngāti Kahungunu is the largest iwi in Wairarapa Moana. The Māori also have smaller groups called hapū which affiliate with a larger iwi. The team interviewed Māori from Hapū Ngāti Moe and Hapū Ngāti Hinewaka. Our goal was to gather the opinions of the stakeholders in the Lower Wairarapa Valley in regards to the management of the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and the Ruamahanga River Cutoff. Goals, Objectives, and Methods The team, which consisted of four students from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, addressed the goal through four main objectives: To understand the current management methods of the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and Ruamahanga River Cutoff. To gather stakeholder views in regards to the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and Ruamahanga River Cutoff. To identify conflicts and opportunities regarding the current resource consent plan. To compile stakeholder views and report the findings to the Greater Wellington Regional Council. To achieve objective 1 and gain perspective on the region, the Greater Wellington Regional Council took the project team on a tour of the Lower Wairarapa Valley. During the site observation the team gathered photographs of the barrage gates and the cutoff. The team also conducted background research that helped to achieve objective 1. To achieve objectives 2 through 4, the team conducted v stakeholder interviews. In order to gather the opinions of the stakeholders the project team conducted semi-structured interviews. The interviews ranged in length from 10 minutes to an hour and 10 minutes. There were some aspects of the resource management situation that the project team did not identify from initial background research. For example, several interviewees informed the team that town water discharge is a major source of pollution in the lake. However, the farmers are often the only ones blamed for the pollution levels in the lake. For this reason, semi-structured interviews were more valuable than structured interviews because they allowed new points to come up throughout the discussion. The project team brought a pre-written list of questions to the interview, while planning on having discussions that diverged from the original questions. The team coded each interview and then summarized the information into seven main categories, each with their own set of subcategories (see Figure 0.5). Demographics Farming Views of the Moana Position Home Dairy Farming Rate Payer Economic Influence Sheep Farming Gender Historical Agriculture Iwi and Hapū Recreation Wildife Flood Protection Environment Fish Methods Water Quality Native vs. Exotic Flooding, Management Pollution Fish Passage Barrage Gates, Cutoff, Onoke Spit Climate Change Eels Diversion, Stop Banks Sedimentation Politics Maori Resource Consents Culture Settlements Influence FIGURE 0. 5 CODING CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES The project team then labeled the coded information from each interview as either positive or negative where appropriate; the team marked all other instances as not applicable. The team then summarized the viewpoints into key points. Between this year and next year there will be three additional teams from Worcester Polytechnic Institute gathering the opinions of other stakeholder groups not included in this study. Findings After coding the qualitative data from the Ngāti Kahungunu interviews the team found that overall the Ngāti Kahungunu interviewees are very concerned with protecting the environment. There is a particular focus on native fish and eel populations that have been drastically decreased. Many of the fish and the eels that live in Lake Wairarapa migrate to the ocean to breed and return to the lake as adults. The barrage gates are a major barrier to this migration. The gates do contain a small tunnel called the fish passage in order to allow the migrating fish to swim through. However, the Māori feel vi that the fish passage is inadequate. One of the major changes they would make to the current management of the barrage gates is to improve fish passage by keeping the gates open more often. On the other hand, the team discovered that farmers are more focused on ensuring
Recommended publications
  • Stakeholder Study: Resource Management of Wairarapa Moana
    Natalie Diltz Jena Mazzucco Austin Scott Jeffrey Sirocki March 2, 2016 STAKEHOLDER STUDY: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF WAIRARAPA MOANA Identification and Analysis of Wairarapa Moana Stakeholder Opinions Regarding the Management of the Blundell Barrage Gates Abstract This project aided the Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) in collecting opinions from five stakeholder groups concerning management of the naturally flooding Lake Wairarapa in New Zealand. Our team conducted a total of twenty-nine interviews with the Rangitāne (Māori), Department of Conservation, South Wairarapa District Council, landowners, and recreational water users regarding the Blundell Barrage Gates which play a vital role in flood management. Interview discussions indicate that water quality, sources of pollution, water levels, flood management, and future operation of the barrage gates are controversial. We identified communication, collaboration, and education as three areas of focus for the GWRC as they continue to improve their management of the region. i Executive Summary This project is concerned with Wairarapa Moana, a water system located in the Wairarapa region, situated on the North Island of New Zealand. Wairarapa Moana consists of the three main water bodies, shown in Figure 1; the coastal lake is Lake Onoke, the inland lake is Lake Wairarapa, and the main river is the Ruamahanga. The system is dynamic, which means water can flow in both directions. Both tidal movements and rainfall affect the direction of flow. The area is low-lying and sits between two mountain ranges exposing much of the land to seasonal flooding. The Greater Wellington Regional Council, the governing body for the Wellington region, developed the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme (LWVDS), to control flooding in the 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • Circulation and Mixing in Greater Cook Strait, New Zealand
    OCEANOLOGICA ACTA 1983- VOL. 6- N" 4 ~ -----!~- Cook Strait Circulation and mixing Upwelling Tidal mixing Circulation in greater Cook S.trait, Plume Détroit de Cook Upwelling .New Zealand Mélange Circulation Panache Malcolm J. Bowrnan a, Alick C. Kibblewhite b, Richard A. Murtagh a, Stephen M. Chiswell a, Brian G. Sanderson c a Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. b Physics Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. c Department of Oceanography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Received 9/8/82, in revised form 2/5/83, accepted 6/5/83. ABSTRACT The shelf seas of Central New Zealand are strongly influenced by both wind and tidally driven circulation and mixing. The region is characterized by sudden and large variations in bathymetry; winds are highly variable and often intense. Cook Strait canyon is a mixing basin for waters of both subtropical and subantarctic origins. During weak winds, patterns of summer stratification and the loci of tidal mixing fronts correlate weil with the h/u3 stratification index. Under increasing wind stress, these prevailing patterns are easily upset, particularly for winds b1owing to the southeasterly quarter. Under such conditions, slope currents develop along the North Island west coast which eject warm, nutrient depleted subtropical water into the surface layers of the Strait. Coastal upwelling occurs on the flanks of Cook Strait canyon in the southeastern approaches. Under storm force winds to the south and southeast, intensifying transport through the Strait leads to increased upwelling of subsurface water occupying Cook Strait canyon at depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Tsunamigenic Sources of the Bay of Plenty Region, GNS Science Consultancy Report 2011/224
    DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science) exclusively for and under contract to Bay of Plenty regional Council. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by GNS Science, GNS Science accepts no responsibility for any use of, or reliance on any contents of this Report by any person other than Bay of Plenty regional Council and shall not be liable to any person other than Bay of Plenty regional Council, on any ground, for any loss, damage or expense arising from such use or reliance. The data presented in this Report are available to GNS Science for other use from June 2012. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Prasetya, G. and Wang, X. 2011. Review of tsunamigenic sources of the Bay of Plenty region, GNS Science Consultancy Report 2011/224. 74 p. Project Number: 410W1369 Confidential 2011 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... VII 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 2.0 OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ........................................................................ 1 2.1 Joint Tsunami Research Project of EBOP and EW (Bell et al. 2004) ............................ 1 2.2 Tsunami Source Study (Goff et al. 2006) ....................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Mw 8.5 Scenarios.............................................................................................. 5 2.2.1.1
    [Show full text]
  • A Gravity Survey of the Wharekauhau Thrust, Palliser Bay, New Zealand
    New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics ISSN: 0028-8306 (Print) 1175-8791 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzg20 A gravity survey of the Wharekauhau Thrust, Palliser Bay, New Zealand Alastair F. McClymont To cite this article: Alastair F. McClymont (2000) A gravity survey of the Wharekauhau Thrust, Palliser Bay, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 43:2, 303-306, DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2000.9514888 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2000.9514888 Published online: 23 Mar 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 117 View related articles Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnzg20 Download by: [121.75.88.191] Date: 27 March 2017, At: 18:58 New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics, 2000, Vol. 43: 303-306 303 0028-8306/00/4302-0303 $7.00/0 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2000 Short communication A gravity survey of the Wharekauhau Thrust, Palliser Bay, New Zealand ALASTAIR F. McCLYMONT TECTONIC SETTING School of Earth Sciences The Wairarapa Fault is one of six major faults of the North Victoria University of Wellington Island Dextral Fault Belt (Beanland 1995), a zone of P.O. Box 600 dominantly dextral strike-slip faults that lie within, and strike Wellington, New Zealand parallel to, the Australia-Pacific plate boundary along the southern North Island of New Zealand (Fig. 1). The M+8 earthquake in 1855 caused surface rupturing along the Abstract A gravity survey undertaken at Wharekauhau, Wairarapa Fault for a distance of at least 148 km (Grapes Palliser Bay, New Zealand, determines the geometry of the 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Wairarapa Moana Whakaora Te Repo, Ka Ora Te Taonga Wai Restoring Our Wetland Treasure
    Wairarapa Moana Whakaora te repo, ka ora te taonga Wai Restoring our wetland treasure Barton’s Lagoon on the north Lake Wairarapa The Wairarapa Moana Wetlands Project began in 2008 to enhance the native ecology, recreation and cultural opportunities on the public land in the area. The project partners are Greater Wellington, Department of Conservation, Rangitane o Wairarapa, Kahungunu ki Wairarapa, local hapu and South Wairarapa District Council. They in turn are working with community groups, farmers and environmental and recreational groups to restore our wetland treasure. Everyone recognises you can’t succeed in a project this size without all interested parties being involved. Restoring the edge wetlands The project got a major shot in the arm with a successful bid for funding from the Government’s Fresh Start for Freshwater Clean Up Fund to improve the water quality of the edge wetlands. The Ministry for the Environment will contribute $1 million over the next three years. This funding will be matched by the following funding partners in cash or in kind – Ducks Unlimited, Dairy NZ, Department of Conservation and Greater Wellington Regional Council. The priority for the fresh start project is to enhance the wetland habitat around the edge of Lake Wairarapa and Lake Onoke by improving water quality through restoring selected wetland areas – Boggy Pond, Matthews Lagoon, Wairio Wetlands, JK Donald Reserve and Barton’s Lagoon stand out as priorities. This booklet is a very simplified look at Wairarapa Moana and what this funding sets out to achieve. 1 2 3 Poor water quality – our inherited problem Lake Wairarapa is among New Zealand’s 10 dirtiest lakes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Age and Origin of Miocene-Pliocene Fault Reactivations in the Upper Plate of an Incipient Subduction Zone, Puysegur Margin
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The Age and Origin of Miocene‐Pliocene Fault 10.1029/2019TC005674 Reactivations in the Upper Plate of an Key Points: • Structural analyses and 40Ar/39Ar Incipient Subduction Zone, Puysegur geochronology reveal multiple fault reactivations accompanying Margin, New Zealand subduction initiation at the K. A. Klepeis1 , L. E. Webb1 , H. J. Blatchford1,2 , R. Jongens3 , R. E. Turnbull4 , and Puysegur Margin 5 • The data show how fault motions J. J. Schwartz are linked to events occurring at the 1 2 Puysegur Trench and deep within Department of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA, Now at Department of Earth Sciences, University continental lithosphere of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 3Anatoki Geoscience Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand, 4Dunedin Research Centre, GNS • Two episodes of Late Science, Dunedin, New Zealand, 5Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, Miocene‐Pliocene reverse faulting CA, USA resulted in short pulses of accelerated rock uplift and topographic growth Abstract Structural observations and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on pseudotachylyte, mylonite, and other Supporting Information: fault zone materials from Fiordland, New Zealand, reveal a multistage history of fault reactivation and • Supporting information S1 uplift above an incipient ocean‐continent subduction zone. The integrated data allow us to distinguish • Table S1 true fault reactivations from cases where different styles of brittle and ductile deformation happen • Figure S1 • Table S2 together. Five stages of faulting record the initiation and evolution of subduction at the Puysegur Trench. Stage 1 normal faults (40–25 Ma) formed during continental rifting prior to subduction. These faults were reactivated as dextral strike‐slip shear zones when subduction began at ~25 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Faunal Areas: Some Sub-Fossil Evidence
    N.Z. ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY 17 Former Faunal Areas: Some Sub-Fossil Evidence R. J. Scarlett. Any discussion of former faunal areas described small Euryapteryx which I collect- based on the distribution of fossil or sub- ed on Stewart Island in Nov. 1954. Zelornis fossil bones is complicated when those bones haasti is known from Takaka, Canterbury, are of various geological ages. Nevertheless, Otago and Southland. study of the regions in which the genera and In the North Island, four closely related species of moa are found makes possible small species, Zelornis exilis, Euryapteryx some tentative conclusions. curtus (Owen), E. tane, and E. geranoides The evidence is unevenly distributed be- are recognised. The first three range from cause some areas--the best sources are caves, N. Auckland to Wanganui and Napier, and swamps and sandhilIs--are better suited to geranoides from Tom Bowling Bay, N. the preservation of bones, or have been Auckland, to Takaka. better explored. The 'South Island Megalap- Emeus crassus (Owen) and Emeus huttoni teryx didinus (Owen) ranged down the west coast to Inangahua Junction, from Takaka (Owen) are known from Marlborough, and to coastal Marlborough, down the East are common in Canterbury and Otago. Coast to Southland and the Te Anau-Lake Pachyornis elephantopus Owen ranged from Wakatipu area. egegalapteryx benhami Takaka to Marlborough and from Canter- Archey is known only from the Nelson area. bury to Southland. P. murihiku Oliver was found near InvercargilI, and P. australis Anomalopteryx didiformis (Owen) has Oliver in Southland and Nelson. The-North virtually the same South Island distribution Island P.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Holocene Sediment Deposition in Lake Wairarapa
    Late Holocene Sediment Deposition in Lake Wairarapa Martha Ingrid Trodahl A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physical Geography December 2010 -1- Abstract Lake Wairarapa is a highly modified lacustrine system at the southern end of the North Island, New Zealand. Not only is it situated in a region that is affected by catchment altering natural phenomena such as earthquakes, storms and fire, but both the catchment and hydrology of the lake have also been significantly altered by humans. Polynesian settlers arrived in the area approximately 700BP and proceeded to deforest the lowlands. European settlers began arriving from 1844AD onwards, completing deforestation of the lowlands and Eastern Uplands. In 1964 the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme was commissioned in an effort to alleviate flooding. This scheme significantly altered the hydrological regime of the lake. Interest in the condition of the lake and associated wetlands, and the realization that it has important recreational, cultural and ecological value, began to develop in the 1990‟s. This has led to a desire to see the lake restored to a more natural condition while still maintaining its flood protection capabilities. However, the lake has only been monitored over the last several decades. Any evidence of the lakes condition prior to this time is anecdotal and little is known of its natural tendencies and functions. This research has investigated and quantified morphological changes to Lake Wairarapa at the decadal and millenial scale using a combination of aerial photograph analysis, bathymetric survey comparison and lakebed core analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • CYCLE TRAIL PETONE ORONGORONGO RIMUTAKA 2-3 DAYS 115Km Cycle Trail
    RIMUTAKA CYCLE TRAIL RIMUTAKA PETONE ORONGORONGO RIMUTAKA 2-3 DAYS 115km Cycle Trail Trail Info Summit Tunnel © Caleb Smith BELOW LEFT: Caspian terns © Rod Morris, Department of Conservation BELOW RIGHT: Seal Colony at Cape Palliser © Destination Wairarapa 2-3 Days Starting on Wellington’s doorstep, this trail winds the Rimutaka Rail Trail, one of the most 115km through the Rimutaka Ranges to the Wairarapa popular and historic trails in the region. Valley and the mouth of the Orongorongo River. After emerging in the Wairarapa, famous for vineyards and sheep farming, TRAIL GRADES: the trail follows a country road past rom the head of Wellington large river and great swimming spots to PETONE FORESHORE TO Lake Wairarapa to Ocean Beach. The Harbour, the Rimutaka Cycle cool off on a hot summer’s day as the MAYMORN - GRADE 2 (EASY). fi nal section is the shortest, but also 35km trail with an easy grade. Trail cuts through the trail gradually climbs to the head of the F the most adventurous. Aptly named The MAYMORN TO CROSS CREEK bush- clad Rimutaka Mountain Range, Hutt Valley. Wild Coast, it skirts around Turakirae - GRADE 2-3 (EASY TO passing through tunnels on an old INTERMEDIATE) 25km into New Beyond the valley the trail enters the Head, where the Rimutaka Range rail trail, and skirting around the wild Zealand’s bush-clad past. Tunnel Gully area in the Pakuratahi dives into the pounding Pacifi c Ocean. southern coast. CROSS CREEK TO OCEAN BEACH - Forest on what was once the main The trail then runs west to the mouth GRADE 3 (INTERMEDIATE) The fi rst stage is an easy riverside cycle railway line between Wellington and the of the Orongorongo River where the 36km on-road ride alongside Lake path called the Hutt River Trail.
    [Show full text]
  • Palliser Bay & Cape Palliser
    Executive Summary The Heritage Technical Report is one of eight reports written to feed into the preparation of the Wairarapa Coastal Strategy. The process, which includes the development of a Discussion Document, the technical reports, an Issues and Options Paper and extensive public consultation, is being undertaken by the Wairarapa Coastal Strategy Group. This group consists of representatives from Masterton, Carterton and South Wairarapa District Councils, the Wellington Regional Council and local Iwi, and was formed after concerns that development was proceeding along the Wairarapa coast in an ad hoc and fragmented way. The Heritage Technical Report provides an overview of the statutory framework of heritage provisions. It includes a timeline of occupation over the past 1000 years as well as an inventory of sites along the Wairarapa coast. It provides an analysis of what heritage is important, and what pressures currently threaten heritage. It also comments on what methods are used to protect heritage in the Wairarapa and recommends improvements to existing responses, and new responses. The principal legislation for heritage resources in New Zealand is the Historic Places Act 1993 (HPA). The purpose of the Act is to “promote the identification, protection, preservation, and conservation of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand.” The Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) also recognises and provides for the protection of heritage. It sets out the principles of Matters of National Importance (Section 6), Other Matters (Section 7), and Treaty of Waitangi (Section 8). All three sections have implications for heritage on the coast. In particular, “the relationship of Maori and their…ancestral lands, waahi tapu and other taonga ” is identified as a matter of national importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Wairarapa Water Balance Investigation Stage 1 Report – Interim Findings and Recommendations
    Lake Wairarapa water balance investigation Stage 1 report – interim findings and recommendations M Thompson D Mzila Environmental Science Department For more information, contact the Greater Wellington Regional Council: Wellington Masterton GW/ESCI-T-15/47 PO Box PO Box 41 ISBN: 978-1-927217-76-4 (online) T 04 384 5708 T 06 378 2484 June 2015 F 04 385 6960 F 06 378 2146 www.gw.govt.nz www.gw.govt.nz www.gw.govt.nz [email protected] Report prepared by: M Thompson Senior Environmental Scientist - Hydrology D Mzila Senior Environmental Scientist - Groundwater Report reviewed by: N Boyens Team Leader, Hydrology Report approved for release by: G Sevicke-Jones Manager, Environmental Science Date: June 2015 DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by Environmental Science staff of Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) and as such does not constitute Council policy. In preparing this report, the authors have used the best currently available data and have exercised all reasonable skill and care in presenting and interpreting these data. Nevertheless, GWRC does not accept any liability, whether direct, indirect, or consequential, arising out of the provision of the data and associated information within this report. Furthermore, as GWRC endeavours to continuously improve data quality, amendments to data included in, or used in the preparation of, this report may occur without notice at any time. GWRC requests that if excerpts or inferences are drawn from this report for further use, due care should be taken to ensure the appropriate context is preserved and is accurately reflected and referenced in subsequent written or verbal communications.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tectonic Evolution of Pegasus Basin and the Hikurangi Trench, Offshore New Zealand
    THE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF PEGASUS BASIN AND THE HIKURANGI TRENCH, OFFSHORE NEW ZEALAND by Sarah E. King A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geology). Golden, Colorado Date:_________________ Signed:_________________________ Sarah E. King Signed:_________________________ Dr. Bruce Trudgill Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date _________________ Signed:_________________________ Dr. M. Stephen Enders Professor and Interim Department Head Department of Geology and Geological Engineering ii ABSTRACT The Pegasus Basin overlies part of the tectonic transition between oblique southwest subduction of the Paciic Plate below the East Coast of the North Island of New Zealand, and the strike-slip faulting that dominates the majority of the South Island of New Zealand. The transition from this strike-slip zone into the actively subducting Hikurangi Trench requires a signiicant translation of plate motion from margin parallel to margin normal within the Pegasus Basin. The purpose of this research was to understand the distribution of strain along this complex transition, and to identify how shortening is manifested on structures through time. The diferent stress regimes along the coast may correspond to diferent shortening amounts absorbed on a variety of structures that translate strain accommodation through the major tectonic transition from compressional subduction to strike-slip displacement. Interpretations of 2D seismic proiles guided by models of margins with comparable tectonic settings ensure geologically restorable interpretations and reasonable shortening values within this transition zone. Restorations of depth converted seismic cross sections constrain ages of the faults and establish controls on their timing and activation.
    [Show full text]