DOCSLIB.ORG

Former Faunal Areas: Some Sub-Fossil Evidence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Former Faunal Areas: Some Sub-Fossil Evidence N.Z. ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY 17 Former Faunal Areas: Some Sub-Fossil Evidence R. J. Scarlett. Any discussion of former faunal areas described small Euryapteryx which I collect- based on the distribution of fossil or sub- ed on Stewart Island in Nov. 1954. Zelornis fossil bones is complicated when those bones haasti is known from Takaka, Canterbury, are of various geological ages. Nevertheless, Otago and Southland. study of the regions in which the genera and In the North Island, four closely related species of moa are found makes possible small species, Zelornis exilis, Euryapteryx some tentative conclusions. curtus (Owen), E. tane, and E. geranoides The evidence is unevenly distributed be- are recognised. The first three range from cause some areas--the best sources are caves, N. Auckland to Wanganui and Napier, and swamps and sandhilIs--are better suited to geranoides from Tom Bowling Bay, N. the preservation of bones, or have been Auckland, to Takaka. better explored. The 'South Island Megalap- Emeus crassus (Owen) and Emeus huttoni teryx didinus (Owen) ranged down the west coast to Inangahua Junction, from Takaka (Owen) are known from Marlborough, and to coastal Marlborough, down the East are common in Canterbury and Otago. Coast to Southland and the Te Anau-Lake Pachyornis elephantopus Owen ranged from Wakatipu area. egegalapteryx benhami Takaka to Marlborough and from Canter- Archey is known only from the Nelson area. bury to Southland. P. murihiku Oliver was found near InvercargilI, and P. australis Anomalopteryx didiformis (Owen) has Oliver in Southland and Nelson. The-North virtually the same South Island distribution Island P. septentrionalis Oliver ranges from as Megalapteryx, but not as far west in Doubtless Bay (scarce) down the east coast Otago and Southland. In the North Island to Conoor and Martinborough, ndnd the west it is not uncommon in Wellington district, coast to Wanganui. P. mappini Archey is ranging up the east coast to Gisborne, is found in N. and S. Auckland, Coromandel found at Coromandel Peninsula, Whangarei, Peninsula, Gisborne, New Plymouth, and the up the west coast, and in southern Auckland. east and west coasts of Wellington. The smaller Anomalopteryx oweni (von Haast) is most common in North Auckland, Dinornis maximus von Haast is common but is known from Te Aute swamp (Hawkes in Canterbury, Otago and Southland. D. Bay), Martinborough (Wellington) and robustus Owen is found from Takaka to around Wanganui. As Euryapteryx and Marlborough, down the east coast to South- Z elornis can only be separated if the skull is land, over to L. Wakatipu, and Jackson's present, possibly some Euryapteryx gravis Bay, west coast. D. torosus Hutton had a (Owen) records may be of Z elornis haasti similar distribution to robustus and reached (Rothschild) ,and some Euryapteryx tane Rahu, west coast. Oliver may be of Zelornis exilis (Hutton). The North Island D. giganteus Owen is In the South Island, Euryapteryx gravis uncommon, found mainly from Poverty Bay predominates, from Takaka to Marlborough, southwards on the east coast, and from down the eastern side of the Alps to Stewart Wanganui southwards on the west, being Island, and westward to L: Wakatipu, and most plentiful in the Wellington district. in the North Island, up the east coast to L. The Doubtless Bay records may be of D. Waikaremoana. Bones from Papatowai, hercules Oliver, also mainly found in south- Southland, formerly classified as the North ern North Island. D. ingens. Owen, found Is. E. geranoides (Owen) belong to an un- throughout the North Is., is more common - 18 N.Z. ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY in the southern part. South Island legbone Cook Strait land bridge up the east of the records refer to robustus. North Is. Volcanic ash showers obscure the It now remains to discuss the significance evidence in the central North Island, but of this distribution. Fleming's map (1949) Zelornis exilis, Euryapteryx cortus and E. of his interpretation of the paleogeography tane came from north of the Manakau Strait, of New Zealand during the early Whanganui spreading southwards when it closed. E. Period, shows a small strait flooding the geranoides probably originated as a species Manakau lowlands, near Auckland, and a between the Manakau and Manawatu Straits, much larger Manawatu Strait running later spreading north and south. roughly along a line below New Plymouth Emeus, closely related to Eur'yapteryx, is to below Gisborne, and Cook Strait closed confined to eastern South Island, and Pachy- on the eastern side. ornis elephantopus to that area and Nelson- Takaka. P. mappini and P. septentrionalis Moa origins are unknown. It is possible originated either in North Auckland or mid- that the. Dinornis group had a different North Island. Anomalopteryx didiformis ancestry from the other six genera. Prob- originated south of the Manakau Strait, ably before the Waitotaran stage Dinornis (fragmentary A. antiquus Hutton from had diversified into three size groups, and Timaru is very close to it). A. oweni be- during the existence of the Manawatu Strait came distinct north of Manakau Strait. the maximus-giganteus and hercules, robus- Thus the three main moa faunal areas tus-ingens, t0r'osus-novaezelandiae pairs de- (see map) are (A) North of Manakau veloped. Strait. (B) Central North Island. (C) Original Euryapteryx stock was probably South Island, mainly east of the Alps, from mamall, but E. gravis and Zelornis haasti be- Takaka to Stewart Is., and, for E. gravis, came dominant in the South Is., leaving Eastern North Island. The distribution of marginal small forms in the south (Stewart D. maximus is shown by the dotted line. Is. was then joined to the mainland) and in REFERENCE the North Is. E. gravis spread over the FLEMING C. A., 1949: Tuatara 2(2): 72-90. , Discussion THE CHAIRMAN opening the discussion subsequently the whole area being re-colon- said the problem was to try to establish ised and the forest advancing as the ice face some community of pattern in the various disappeared and moved south; it was possible ecological and biological factors present in that some species found the only suitable the areas propounded as natural and see to conditions in the regenerating forest follow- what extent it was possible to make broad ing on the disappearing ice sheet; certain of delineations of these areas Various points them perhaps stayed behind and adapted had emerged from the papers: the apparent themselves and others carried on, following significance of the 38th parallel; the effect the retreating ice. For a long time it was of Cook Strait, which is a barrier to certain believed that glaciation was the key to the reptiles 'and some of the birds, but not to distribution of Paryphanta, but if the geo- worms. logists were right and the South Island was fairly devoid of this type of life it was a MR. DELL, answering a question on the dis- hard situation to envisage. continuous distribution of snails, said that some could be partly explained on the geo- MR. SCARLETT said the survival of certain logical evidence but the geologists' plans of groups of opilionids in Fiordland suggested the post-pliocene area in New Zealand were that high country there was not as severely rather indefinite. If Wellman's theory of glaciated as some geologists thought. glaciation in New Zealand was accurate one MISS L. B. MOORE commented that the had to envisage everything being pushed up effects of glaciation might have been over- from south to north by advancing ice, and emphasised and mentioned that earthworms 22 N.Z. ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY KEYS TO CLIMATE AND SOIL MAPS MAIN CLIMATIC DISTRICTS westerlies giving temperatures above 90'F, cool (See map) winters with frequent frosts and occasional light snowfalls. .Prevailing winds NE near the coast, A. Very warm humid summers, mild winters. NW inland. Annual rainfall 45-60 inches with maximum in F. Cooler and wetter hill climates. Rainfall 30-60 winter. Prevailing wind south-westerly but oc- inches. NW winds prevail with occasional very casional strong gales and heavy rain from east strong gales specially along river courses. Snow or northeast from Auckland northwards and may lie for several weeks in winter.. about Coromandel Peninsula. F, Semi-arid areas, rainfall 13-20 inches. Very A. Similar to type A but much wetter: rain- warm, dry summers; cold winters. 60-100 inches. G. Warm summers, cool winters. Rainfall 25-35 B. Sunny, rather sheltered areas which receive inches, evenly distributed except for slight fall- rains of very high intensity at times from the ing off in winter. northeast and north. Very warm summers and G. Wetter and slightly cooler than G climates: mild winters. Annual rainfall 40-60 inches rainfall 35"50 inches: in coastal districts cloudy, with maximum in winter. windy conditions and frequent showers. C. ' Very warm summers, tempera,tures occa- M. High rainfall, mountain climate. sionally above 90¡F withdad,ry Foehn NW wind blowing. Rainfall 40-60 inches per annum: marked decrease in amount and reliability of "NATURAL AREAS" OF NEW ZEALAND SOILS. rain in spring and summer: moderate winter (Boundaries generalized from Soil Map of N.Z. temperatures with maximum rainfall in this 1948.) season. SOILS IN WHICH THE ENVIRONMENT IS Co Drier than type C-rainfall 25-35 inches. Very FULLY EXPRESSED: sunny. 1. Soils of the cool semi-arid zone, developed under C. Cooler and wetter hill climates. Very heavy tussock grasses. rains at times from east or southeast: annual 2. Soils of the mild sub-humid zone developed rainfall mainly 60-80 inches. mainly under tussock grasses. D. "est to northwest winds prevail with rela- 3. Soils of the humid zone developed mainly under tively frequent gales. Mean annual rainfall forest. 35-50 inches: rainfall reliable and evenly dis- SOILS IN WHICH THE ENVIRONMENT IS NOT FULLY tributed through the year.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stakeholder Study: Resource Management of Wairarapa Moana
    Natalie Diltz Jena Mazzucco Austin Scott Jeffrey Sirocki March 2, 2016 STAKEHOLDER STUDY: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF WAIRARAPA MOANA Identification and Analysis of Wairarapa Moana Stakeholder Opinions Regarding the Management of the Blundell Barrage Gates Abstract This project aided the Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) in collecting opinions from five stakeholder groups concerning management of the naturally flooding Lake Wairarapa in New Zealand. Our team conducted a total of twenty-nine interviews with the Rangitāne (Māori), Department of Conservation, South Wairarapa District Council, landowners, and recreational water users regarding the Blundell Barrage Gates which play a vital role in flood management. Interview discussions indicate that water quality, sources of pollution, water levels, flood management, and future operation of the barrage gates are controversial. We identified communication, collaboration, and education as three areas of focus for the GWRC as they continue to improve their management of the region. i Executive Summary This project is concerned with Wairarapa Moana, a water system located in the Wairarapa region, situated on the North Island of New Zealand. Wairarapa Moana consists of the three main water bodies, shown in Figure 1; the coastal lake is Lake Onoke, the inland lake is Lake Wairarapa, and the main river is the Ruamahanga. The system is dynamic, which means water can flow in both directions. Both tidal movements and rainfall affect the direction of flow. The area is low-lying and sits between two mountain ranges exposing much of the land to seasonal flooding. The Greater Wellington Regional Council, the governing body for the Wellington region, developed the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme (LWVDS), to control flooding in the 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • A Gravity Survey of the Wharekauhau Thrust, Palliser Bay, New Zealand
    New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics ISSN: 0028-8306 (Print) 1175-8791 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzg20 A gravity survey of the Wharekauhau Thrust, Palliser Bay, New Zealand Alastair F. McClymont To cite this article: Alastair F. McClymont (2000) A gravity survey of the Wharekauhau Thrust, Palliser Bay, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 43:2, 303-306, DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2000.9514888 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2000.9514888 Published online: 23 Mar 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 117 View related articles Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnzg20 Download by: [121.75.88.191] Date: 27 March 2017, At: 18:58 New Zealand Journal of Geology & Geophysics, 2000, Vol. 43: 303-306 303 0028-8306/00/4302-0303 $7.00/0 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2000 Short communication A gravity survey of the Wharekauhau Thrust, Palliser Bay, New Zealand ALASTAIR F. McCLYMONT TECTONIC SETTING School of Earth Sciences The Wairarapa Fault is one of six major faults of the North Victoria University of Wellington Island Dextral Fault Belt (Beanland 1995), a zone of P.O. Box 600 dominantly dextral strike-slip faults that lie within, and strike Wellington, New Zealand parallel to, the Australia-Pacific plate boundary along the southern North Island of New Zealand (Fig. 1). The M+8 earthquake in 1855 caused surface rupturing along the Abstract A gravity survey undertaken at Wharekauhau, Wairarapa Fault for a distance of at least 148 km (Grapes Palliser Bay, New Zealand, determines the geometry of the 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Wairarapa Moana Whakaora Te Repo, Ka Ora Te Taonga Wai Restoring Our Wetland Treasure
    Wairarapa Moana Whakaora te repo, ka ora te taonga Wai Restoring our wetland treasure Barton’s Lagoon on the north Lake Wairarapa The Wairarapa Moana Wetlands Project began in 2008 to enhance the native ecology, recreation and cultural opportunities on the public land in the area. The project partners are Greater Wellington, Department of Conservation, Rangitane o Wairarapa, Kahungunu ki Wairarapa, local hapu and South Wairarapa District Council. They in turn are working with community groups, farmers and environmental and recreational groups to restore our wetland treasure. Everyone recognises you can’t succeed in a project this size without all interested parties being involved. Restoring the edge wetlands The project got a major shot in the arm with a successful bid for funding from the Government’s Fresh Start for Freshwater Clean Up Fund to improve the water quality of the edge wetlands. The Ministry for the Environment will contribute $1 million over the next three years. This funding will be matched by the following funding partners in cash or in kind – Ducks Unlimited, Dairy NZ, Department of Conservation and Greater Wellington Regional Council. The priority for the fresh start project is to enhance the wetland habitat around the edge of Lake Wairarapa and Lake Onoke by improving water quality through restoring selected wetland areas – Boggy Pond, Matthews Lagoon, Wairio Wetlands, JK Donald Reserve and Barton’s Lagoon stand out as priorities. This booklet is a very simplified look at Wairarapa Moana and what this funding sets out to achieve. 1 2 3 Poor water quality – our inherited problem Lake Wairarapa is among New Zealand’s 10 dirtiest lakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana
    Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana Sponsored By: Breanne Happell René Jacques Elizabeth van Zyl Elizabeth Walfield Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science In cooperation with The Greater Wellington Regional Council Submitted on March 1st, 2016 Submitted By: Breanne Happell René Jacques Elizabeth van Zyl Elizabeth Walfield Project Advisors: Bethel Eddy Robert Kinicki This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects i Abstract This project aided the Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) in gathering the opinions of stakeholders in regards to two flood protection methods in the Lower Wairarapa Valley of New Zealand: the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and the Ruamahanga River Cutoff. These methods regulate water levels in Lake Wairarapa. The team conducted 25 interviews with flood protection managers, farmers that live in the valley, and members of Ngāti Kahungunu, a Māori iwi (tribe). Our analysis found that fish passage through the gates, lake water levels, and whether the GWRC incorporated stakeholder opinions fairly were areas of concern to the stakeholder groups. This information will help to facilitate further communication between the stakeholder groups and the GWRC. ii Executive Summary This project evaluated the various views on the management of the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and the Ruamahanga River Cutoff, two flood protection methods implemented in Wairarapa Moana.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Holocene Sediment Deposition in Lake Wairarapa
    Late Holocene Sediment Deposition in Lake Wairarapa Martha Ingrid Trodahl A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physical Geography December 2010 -1- Abstract Lake Wairarapa is a highly modified lacustrine system at the southern end of the North Island, New Zealand. Not only is it situated in a region that is affected by catchment altering natural phenomena such as earthquakes, storms and fire, but both the catchment and hydrology of the lake have also been significantly altered by humans. Polynesian settlers arrived in the area approximately 700BP and proceeded to deforest the lowlands. European settlers began arriving from 1844AD onwards, completing deforestation of the lowlands and Eastern Uplands. In 1964 the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme was commissioned in an effort to alleviate flooding. This scheme significantly altered the hydrological regime of the lake. Interest in the condition of the lake and associated wetlands, and the realization that it has important recreational, cultural and ecological value, began to develop in the 1990‟s. This has led to a desire to see the lake restored to a more natural condition while still maintaining its flood protection capabilities. However, the lake has only been monitored over the last several decades. Any evidence of the lakes condition prior to this time is anecdotal and little is known of its natural tendencies and functions. This research has investigated and quantified morphological changes to Lake Wairarapa at the decadal and millenial scale using a combination of aerial photograph analysis, bathymetric survey comparison and lakebed core analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • CYCLE TRAIL PETONE ORONGORONGO RIMUTAKA 2-3 DAYS 115Km Cycle Trail
    RIMUTAKA CYCLE TRAIL RIMUTAKA PETONE ORONGORONGO RIMUTAKA 2-3 DAYS 115km Cycle Trail Trail Info Summit Tunnel © Caleb Smith BELOW LEFT: Caspian terns © Rod Morris, Department of Conservation BELOW RIGHT: Seal Colony at Cape Palliser © Destination Wairarapa 2-3 Days Starting on Wellington’s doorstep, this trail winds the Rimutaka Rail Trail, one of the most 115km through the Rimutaka Ranges to the Wairarapa popular and historic trails in the region. Valley and the mouth of the Orongorongo River. After emerging in the Wairarapa, famous for vineyards and sheep farming, TRAIL GRADES: the trail follows a country road past rom the head of Wellington large river and great swimming spots to PETONE FORESHORE TO Lake Wairarapa to Ocean Beach. The Harbour, the Rimutaka Cycle cool off on a hot summer’s day as the MAYMORN - GRADE 2 (EASY). fi nal section is the shortest, but also 35km trail with an easy grade. Trail cuts through the trail gradually climbs to the head of the F the most adventurous. Aptly named The MAYMORN TO CROSS CREEK bush- clad Rimutaka Mountain Range, Hutt Valley. Wild Coast, it skirts around Turakirae - GRADE 2-3 (EASY TO passing through tunnels on an old INTERMEDIATE) 25km into New Beyond the valley the trail enters the Head, where the Rimutaka Range rail trail, and skirting around the wild Zealand’s bush-clad past. Tunnel Gully area in the Pakuratahi dives into the pounding Pacifi c Ocean. southern coast. CROSS CREEK TO OCEAN BEACH - Forest on what was once the main The trail then runs west to the mouth GRADE 3 (INTERMEDIATE) The fi rst stage is an easy riverside cycle railway line between Wellington and the of the Orongorongo River where the 36km on-road ride alongside Lake path called the Hutt River Trail.
    [Show full text]
  • Palliser Bay & Cape Palliser
    Executive Summary The Heritage Technical Report is one of eight reports written to feed into the preparation of the Wairarapa Coastal Strategy. The process, which includes the development of a Discussion Document, the technical reports, an Issues and Options Paper and extensive public consultation, is being undertaken by the Wairarapa Coastal Strategy Group. This group consists of representatives from Masterton, Carterton and South Wairarapa District Councils, the Wellington Regional Council and local Iwi, and was formed after concerns that development was proceeding along the Wairarapa coast in an ad hoc and fragmented way. The Heritage Technical Report provides an overview of the statutory framework of heritage provisions. It includes a timeline of occupation over the past 1000 years as well as an inventory of sites along the Wairarapa coast. It provides an analysis of what heritage is important, and what pressures currently threaten heritage. It also comments on what methods are used to protect heritage in the Wairarapa and recommends improvements to existing responses, and new responses. The principal legislation for heritage resources in New Zealand is the Historic Places Act 1993 (HPA). The purpose of the Act is to “promote the identification, protection, preservation, and conservation of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand.” The Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) also recognises and provides for the protection of heritage. It sets out the principles of Matters of National Importance (Section 6), Other Matters (Section 7), and Treaty of Waitangi (Section 8). All three sections have implications for heritage on the coast. In particular, “the relationship of Maori and their…ancestral lands, waahi tapu and other taonga ” is identified as a matter of national importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Wairarapa Water Balance Investigation Stage 1 Report – Interim Findings and Recommendations
    Lake Wairarapa water balance investigation Stage 1 report – interim findings and recommendations M Thompson D Mzila Environmental Science Department For more information, contact the Greater Wellington Regional Council: Wellington Masterton GW/ESCI-T-15/47 PO Box PO Box 41 ISBN: 978-1-927217-76-4 (online) T 04 384 5708 T 06 378 2484 June 2015 F 04 385 6960 F 06 378 2146 www.gw.govt.nz www.gw.govt.nz www.gw.govt.nz [email protected] Report prepared by: M Thompson Senior Environmental Scientist - Hydrology D Mzila Senior Environmental Scientist - Groundwater Report reviewed by: N Boyens Team Leader, Hydrology Report approved for release by: G Sevicke-Jones Manager, Environmental Science Date: June 2015 DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by Environmental Science staff of Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) and as such does not constitute Council policy. In preparing this report, the authors have used the best currently available data and have exercised all reasonable skill and care in presenting and interpreting these data. Nevertheless, GWRC does not accept any liability, whether direct, indirect, or consequential, arising out of the provision of the data and associated information within this report. Furthermore, as GWRC endeavours to continuously improve data quality, amendments to data included in, or used in the preparation of, this report may occur without notice at any time. GWRC requests that if excerpts or inferences are drawn from this report for further use, due care should be taken to ensure the appropriate context is preserved and is accurately reflected and referenced in subsequent written or verbal communications.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Wairarapa and the Onoke Bar
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the pennission of the Author. ii ABSTRACT The lower Wairarapa Valley was an estuary as late as 6 500 years ago. Since then sediments from the Ruamahanga and Tauherenikau Rivers have deposited large loads of sediment into the area, prograding the eastern shore and changing the system from an estuary into lakes and rivers. The aims of this study were to investigate the late Quaternary deposits and soils of the eastern shore of Lake W airarapa, using the information gained to look at the way in which infilling has taken place. The surface geology and soils of the study area were mapped. The mapping units were described and defined. Some chemical tests were carried out on selected soil samples. The order and method of infilling of the deposits are discussed. 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Abstract . ii Table of Contents . iii List of Figures . v List of Tables . v List of Plates . vi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1.0 Aims and scope of study . 1 1.2.0 Location and setting of the study area . 2 1.2.1 Location and extent of study area . 2 1.2.2 Setting of the study area . 2 1.3.0 Oimate of southern @airarapa . 8 1.4.0 History of the Wairarapa . 14 1.4.1 Introduction . 14 1.4.2 Early Maori occupation .
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Wairarapa Wetlands Park Recreation Plan
    Lake Wairarapa Wetlands Park Recreation Plan This report has been developed as a scoping exercise prior to the proposed development of Lake Wairarapa Wetland Park. Photo: Jeremy Paterson Greater Wellington Department of Conservation Draft: April 2007 Publication number: GW/PF-G-07/81 Maps Added February 2008 Contents 1. SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Aim .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.4 Existing Strategies and Plans ................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.4.1 Department
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Water Quality and Ecology in the Wellington Region State and Trends
    Lake water quality and ecology in the Wellington region State and trends Lake water quality and ecology in the Wellington region State and trends A Perrie JR Milne Environmental Monitoring and Investigations Department For more information, contact Greater Wellington: Wellington Masterton GW/EMI-T-12/139 PO Box 11646 PO Box 41 ISBN: 978-1-927217-04-7 (print) ISBN: 978-1-927217-05-4 (online) T 04 384 5708 T 06 378 2484 F 04 385 6960 F 06 378 2146 February 2012 www.gw.govt.nz www.gw.govt.nz www.gw.govt.nz [email protected] DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by Environmental Monitoring and Investigations staff of Greater Wellington Regional Council (Greater Wellington) and as such does not constitute Council policy. In preparing this report, the authors have used the best currently available data and have exercised all reasonable skill and care in presenting and interpreting these data. Nevertheless, Greater Wellington does not accept any liability, whether direct, indirect, or consequential, arising out of the provision of the data and associated information within this report. Furthermore, as Greater Wellington endeavours to continuously improve data quality, amendments to data included in, or used in the preparation of, this report may occur without notice at any time. Greater Wellington requests that if excerpts or inferences are drawn from this report for further use, due care should be taken to ensure the appropriate context is preserved and is accurately reflected and referenced in subsequent written or verbal communications. Any use of the data and information enclosed in this report, for example, by inclusion in a subsequent report or media release, should be accompanied by an acknowledgement of the source.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium
    The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium 150 years of thinking about magnitude 8+ earthquakes and seismic hazard in New Zealand 8–10 September 2005 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Proceedings Volume Compiled by John Townend, Rob Langridge, and Andrew Jones The papers collated in this volume have been reformatted, where necessary, from the authors’ originals, but have not otherwise been edited. The views expressed in these papers are those of the respective authors. The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium — Proceedings Volume Published by Greater Wellington Regional Council Greater Wellington Publication Number: GW/RINV-T-05/205 ISBN: 0-909016-87-9 September 2005 PREFACE John Townend, Organising Committee Chair Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington ([email protected]) The 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake and tsunami remind us of the brutal levels of destruction that a large earthquake can wreak. This symposium, held to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the 1855 Wairarapa earthquake, is intended to facilitate discussion between people working on different facets of the problem of understanding and anticipating earthquakes in New Zealand. During planning for this event, the invited speakers were asked to address one or more of four key themes: what happened then; what has happened since; what is happening now; and where should we focus future efforts? As the abstracts in this volume attest, the significance of the 1855 Wairarapa earthquake lies not simply in the dramatic scale of its immediate geological and social effects, but in the much longer-term, ongoing influence it has exerted on research and practice in New Zealand science, engineering, and civil defence and emergency management planning.
    [Show full text]