Stichting Pythagoras

Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21. February 2016.

Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Pythagoras Foundation

Newsletter No. 21 February 2016.

Website http://www.stichting-pythagoras.nl/ E-mailaddress [email protected] Editors Nico Bader, Marie-Anne de Roode

This annual Newsletter gives articles and a summary of literature of recent publications concerning Pythagoras and Pythagoreans. Interesting internetsites, work in progress and conferences are included. Last but not least a special guest!

“ Life is an unfoldment, and the further we travel the more truth we can comprehend. To understand the things that are at our door is the best preparation for understanding those that lie beyond.”

Hypatia

Contents:

Introduction, news from the library p 2 Acknowledgements. Pythagoras, Museo Capitolino Rome. Colophon p 3 David Hernández de la Fuente, interview + CV p 4 Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques (R. Goulet, ed) p 8 Basilica under Porta Maggiore p 10 Tabula Cebetis (neoplatonism@yahoogroups.com) p 11 Conferences p 13 New books p 19 Book reviews p 27 Book chapters p 28 Journal articles p 35 Internet p 51

1 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Introduction

A new website will be available this month. For months we discussed about it and worked it out. We are glad with the result; great thanks to Lennart Bader for his (web)mastering this nice colourful website.

Last year the former website attracted 325 unique visitors did read the Newsletter; visitors from 24 different countries! Via our Academia page: https://stichting-pythagoras.academia.edu/NicoBader we have 64 ‘followers’ and 140 ‘followings’ now. Our page was viewed 673 times, with 394 views of the Newsletters.

Thanks to all contributors to this Newsletter, especially thanks to David Hernández de la Fuente for the interview.

Best wishes, Marie-Anne de Roode

Pythagoras Foundation Library Information. The Library collects all publications concerning Pythagoras and Pythagoreans. The library is a lending library; also copies of articles can be ordered. Copy and postage costs will be calculated. The Foundation is a non-profit organisation; our Newsletter is free of charge. Donations, also in the form of articles or books are very welcome.

The Pythagoras Foundation, Thorbeckelaan 46, 1412 BR Naarden, The Netherlands International Bank Account Number (IBAN): NL48 RABO 0148 0000 45 BIC: RABONL2U

News from the library

The Pythagoras Foundation’s main activities are collecting and distributing information. An important step is made in the transition to a digital library. All 7700 articles from the database are in digital form now. Next step will be to select special topics out of these articles. This means article files concerning the main characters as: Pythagoras, Archytas, Philolaus, Alcmaeon, Nicomachus, Empedocles, Apollonius of Tyana, Hypatia of Alexandria and Theon and topics as: the Golden Verses of Pythagoras, Pythagorean way of life (including vegetarianism), Somnium Scipionis, Tabula Cebetis, Tetractys, harmony of the spheres, pentagram, reincarnation and the letter Y.

In progress; a database with books, published before 1900, concerning the characters and topics as mentioned before.

We keep you informed.

Nico Bader

2 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Acknowledgements

The Pythagoras Foundation thanks the following individuals for their contributions and generosities: David Hernández de la Fuente, Régis Laurent, Constantinos Macris, Jean-Luc Périllié, and Jean-Claude Picot.

The Pythagoras Foundation thanks the following institutions for their contributions and generosities: L’ Annee Philologique, Bryn Mawr Classical Review (BMCR), [email protected], Instituto Neo-Pitagórico, infoclassicas - yahoogroups, Leiter reports, [email protected], Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, [email protected], [email protected], rogueclassicism.com and https://sites.google.com/site/empedoclesacragas/ (and others).

Pythagoras; Museo Capitolino, Rome

Colophon

Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter; starting 2012, published once a year. Editors: Nico Bader, Marie-Anne de Roode Address: Thorbeckelaan 46. 1412 BR Naarden. The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.stichting-pythagoras.nl/ Editorial Board, in progress Advisory Board, in progress ISSN: 1872-3241 (online version); 1872-3233 (printed version)

3 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

DAVID HERNÁNDEZ DE LA FUENTE.

CV

PhD in Classical Studies, PhD in Sociology, BA in Classical Philology, Hispanic Philology and Law. His main research lines are Greek Religion and Mythology (especially Oracles and Pythagoreanism), Literature and Society in Late Antiquity (esp. Nonnus) and History of Platonism (esp. Laws and Neoplatonism). Currently he is Assistant Professor at the Department of Ancient History of UNED, the largest Spanish Public University. He has taught at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and Universität Potsdam (Germany), where he still collaborates regularly as invited lecturer and researcher. He has been visiting scholar or lecturer at Columbia University, Università di Firenze, CNRS (Paris), Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin), Université Paris-X Nanterre, Freie Universität Berlin, among others, and he is invited lecturer at Saint Louis University.

Author of more than twenty books – among them

- Oráculos Griegos (Alianza: Madrid 2008), - Bakkhos Anax (CSIC: Madrid 2008), - New Perspectives on Late Antiquity I / II (Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Newcastle 2011/2014) - Vidas de Pitágoras (Atalanta: Gerona 2011, 2nd ed. 2014) - Breve historia de Bizancio (Alianza: Madrid 2014)

and more than fifty articles and book chapters in his specialty: among them;

4 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

- "Der Chor des Dionysos: Religion und Erziehung in Platons Nomoi", ZRGG 65.1 (2013) 1-17, - “Mythische Vorbilder des sakralen Gesetzgebers bei Platon (‘Nomoi’ I-IV)”, ZRGG 62.2 (2010) 105-125, - “Neoplatonic Form and Content in Nonnus”, in K. Spanoudakis (ed.), Nonnus of Panopolis in Context. Poetry and Cultural Milieu in Late Antiquity, Berlin, De Gruyter 2012 - “Dionysos and Christ as Paralell Figures in Late Antiquity”, in A. Bernabé et al. (eds.), Redefining Dionysos, Berlin, De Gruyter 2012.

He has received awards such as the "Pastor" Prize for Classical Studies (2005) to his dissertation in Classical Philology (Universidad Complutense), the Prizes of Literature of the Region of Madrid (2005) and Valencia (2011) and the Burgen Scholarship Award (2014) and several grants and prestigious fellowships –“Juan de la Cierva” (2005), “Jose Castillejo” (2007), “Alexander von Humboldt” (2009), “Ramón y Cajal” (2011), "Beatriu Pinós" (2011), etc.–.

He has led, as principal investigator, numerous research projects with public funding, participating as a collaborator on many other at a regional, national and european level. He is a member of the editorial board of several journals and collections of monographs and of research groups. He holds the positions of Coordinator of the Research Institute on Late Antiquity at UNED Segovia and Deputy Director of the Research Group Barbaricum at Complutense University and Koinonia at UNED. He is advisor for Classical Antiquity for the magazine Historia National Geographic.

INTERVIEW

I would like to present to you the following questions:

1. An english translation of your book Vidas de Pitágoras ; is it forthcoming?

Hopefully. After the award of book of the year in 2011 from the Newspaper El País, and its second edition in 2014, I was indeed planning to translate only the first 200 pages of the book, which contain the essay with my interpretation of Pythagoras' biographical tradition. It makes no sense to translate the other 200 pages, since they contain a translation and commentary, from Ancient Greek into Spanish, of all the preserved biographies of Pythagoras. Unfortunately, I do not have right now a research project at my university in order to finance the translation and I am currently looking for other sources of funding. But I am optimistic and I expect to be able to publish and English version of my interpretation of Pythagoras and Ancient Pythagoreanism.

2. How, when and where did your interest in Pythagoras start?

In 2009 I obtained the postdoctoral grant of the German Public Foundation "Alexander von Humboldt" with a project on the religion of the Platonic City-State, which incidentally led me to study the relation between Platonism and Pythagoreanism. But regarding Pythagoras himself, my interest started thanks to the

5 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Neoplatonics, after reading Porphyry and Iamblichus some years before that. So the origins of my work on Pythagoras are both in Platonism and Neoplatonism.

3. Would you call yourself a pythagorean? Which question would you ask Pythagoras, suppose it could?

I think anyone studying Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans passionately can call him- or herself a Pythagorean. My question to the master would be, of course, "did you really explain soul and the universe by numbers?; would you reveal that secret to me?"

4. Which are the major changes Pythagoras realized in his en later times?

(I understand you mean "Which are the major changes Pythagoras' figure underwent in later times?", since I didn't understand the formulation of the question)

After the Pythagorean "revival" of Roman times the remains of ancient Pythagoreanism are very dubious, in my view. I think that Pythagoras underwent gradually a process of mythologization as a forerunner of all possible knowledge. This is to be seen especially in later Roman times, with the blossoming of Neoplatonism, as Pythagoras was modelled as a kind of spiritual father of all the Platonic tradition.

5 There are possible links with Orphism. What can be said?

In fact, as Burkert already studied, there seem to exist interesting links and coincidences in some ritual traditions (dressing, attitudes towards death, meditation, vegetarianism, etc.) or beliefs (reincarnation, immortality of the soul, travels of the soul, etc.), but there were also very evident differences in their behaviour, both individually and as a group. In my book, for example, I examine closely the political relevance of Ancient Pythagoreanism: the Orphics, on the contrary, had no interest whatsoever in politics. But the Pythagoreans did: indeed they ended up badly probably because of the interference of this sapiential group and school with the external society. In fact my approach puts forward a personal interpretation of the most distinctive feature, in my view, of Ancient Pythagoreanism: the fact that it was a charismatic society - in Weberian terms - marked by a combination between religion and politics (the interaction between diviners and rulers, oracle and law is characteristic of archaic Greece, as it is attested in a series of mythical and semi- mythical figures).

6. What is the importance of the Pythagorean Golden Verses?

The compilation known as Golden Verses is quite late in time, as most of the biographical texts. But the importance of later sources for the knowledge of Ancient Pythagoreanism is by no means to be underestimated. In fact, some excerpts of these verses can be certainly traced to the most ancient strata of the Pythagorean school. So there is probably a background of historical reality in some of the teaching included in these verses, for example, the idea of the human's kinship with the divine.

6 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

7. Some see a golden chain of universal knowledge, starting with the Egyptians, and continued by the Orphics, Pythagoras, Plato and others. What is you view?

That was a common theory in the Renaissance, with ancient roots: there are ancient sources on the relation between Egypt and Pythagoras (see, for example, what Herodotus or Isocrates said), not to mention the links with Plato or the Orphics. Egypt's ancient and fascinating civilization was a mirror for the Greeks and they looked for any possible link and encouraged the legends on Greek wise men travelling to Egypt (Solon is another example). But the issue is too complicated to be addressed here in short. What we know for certain is that reincarnation was not an originally Egyptian idea, as these sources argued, but must be traced further eastwards, in India. We can also recall the old view of Rohde and others on the evolution of the Greek concept of soul, whose origin could be a foreign influence. The development of ancient Greek religion and philosophy, in any case, owes a lot to such external influences. Let us remember that the birth of philosophy in the 6th century takes place in a place of Greek culture but under rule or influence of the vast and multiethnic Persian Empire, whose boundaries where India or Egypt. Such context should never be neglected

8. What are your actual (and future) plans, works, ideas?

I am still working on Platonism and Neoplatonism, but currently I am especially interested in the god Dionysos. I am preparing a book with an interpretation of Dionysos based on the encounter with his partner Ariadne.

9. A good picture from you on the Academia.edu website ! ( https://uned.academia.edu/DavidHernándezdelaFuente ) ; did you draw it yourself? If so how would you picture Pythagoras?

No, unfortunately I cannot draw. That drawing was made by a good friend of mine, Iván Solbes, an artist and illustrator. Regarding the ancient images of Pythagoras, there are quite a few. Of course none of them is likely to be real. But the one in Naples or the so-called "philosopher of Porticello" seem to me especially attractive.

10. Is there a missing question?

There are so many questions to be clarified regarding Ancient Pythagoreanism (not to mention those on Hellenistic or Roman Neopythagoreanism)! I think there are still open questions to be researched and one must expect new views not only on the ancient sources, but also upon the transmission and reception of Pythagoreanism in later times.

Thank you very much!!

7 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

R. Goulet (ed.), Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques, Paris: CNRS Éditions, tome IV (L-O), 2005 ; tome V.A-B (P-R), 2012 ; tome VI (S-T), 2016; tome VII (U-Z + Compléments), 2016 (forthcoming in 2016).

Entries by Constantinos Macris: in tome IV (L-O), Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2005. In collaboration with Bruno Centrone : « Léon de Phlionte », p. 90-91. « Lycon d’Iasos, ou de Tarente », p. 200-203. « Lysis de Tarente », p. 218-220. « Métrodore », p. 502-503. « Miltiade de Carthage », p. 524. « Môchos de Sidon », p. 543-545. « Modératus de Gadès », p. 545-548. « Occelô », p. 743-746. « Occélos (Ocellos) de Lucanie », p. 746-748. « Pseudo-Occélos », p. 748-750. « Onatas de Crotone », p. 774-776. « Opsimos de Rhégium », p. 783-784.

Entries by Constantinos Macris: In tome V (P-R), Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2012. tome V.a: « Panakéôs (Panakaios) », p. 125-127. « Parm(én)iscos de Métaponte », p. 161-164. « Parôn », p. 165-170. « Périctionè (d’Athènes ?) », p. 231-234. « Pétrôn d’Himère », p. 246-263. « Phantôn de Phlionte », p. 276-278. « Phérécyde de Syros », p. 296-300 (in collab. with R. Goulet). « Phintias de Syracuse », p. 578-580. « Phintys », p. 580-582. « Phytios de Rhégion », p. 615-617. tome V.B: « Polyclète d’Argos (ou de Sicyon) », p. 1240-1247. « Porphyre de Tyr – Vie de Pythagore », p. 1333-1335 (in collab. with R. Goulet). « Prôros de Cyrène », p. 1696-1700. « Pythocleidès de Céos », p. 1783-1785.

Entries by Constantinos Macris: in tome VI (S-T), Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2016 : tome VI: « Sélinountios de Rhégium », p. 174-176. « Simichos de Centuripe », p. 313-314. « Simos ὁ ἁρµονικός », p. 319-321. « Spintharos de Tarente », p. 546-553. « Syllos de Crotone », p. 633-635 (with an « Excursus sur le serment pythagoricien »). « Télaugès [de Samos] », p. 722-731. « Théagès de Crotone », p. 812-820. « Théano (de Crotone ou de Métaponte ?) », p. 820-839 + 1275. « Théaridas », p. 840-843. « Théôridès de Métaponte », p. 1126-1128. « Thymaridas/-ès de Paros ou de Tarente », p. 1178-1187. « Timarès de Locres », p. 1275-1276. « Timée de Paros », p. 1198-1200.

8 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

« Timésianax de Paros », p. 1202-1204 (with an « Excursus sur les pythagoriciens de Paros »). « Timycha de Lacédémone (Sparte) », p. 1239-1246.

Entries by Constantinos Macris: in tome VII (U-Z + Compléments A-T), Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2016 (forthcoming): « Xénôn de Locres » [2 p.]. « Xénophilos de Chalcis (en Thrace) ou de Cyzique » [7 p.]. « Xouthos » [10 p.]. « Zaleucos de Locres » [10 p.]. « Zôpyros d’Héraclée » [4 p.]. (in collab. with L. Brisson) « Zôpyros de Tarente » [6 p.].

« Philolaos de Crotone » [25 p.]. « Pythagore de Samos » [46 p.]. « Simmias de Thèbes » [15 p.] (with an « Excursus sur la théorie de l’âme- harmonie »). « Sthénidas de Locres » [12 p.]. « Théanor de Crotone » [3 p.]. « Théoclès de Rhégium » [2 p.]. « Théodore de Cyrène » [8 p.]. « Timée de Locres » [14 p.]. « Timée de Locres (pseudo-Timée) » [5 p.].

Shorter entries on « Léon de Métaponte » (p.87), « Orestadas de Métaponte » (p.798-799) // « Pactiôn de Tarente » (p.79), « Peisicratès de Tarente » (p.195), « P(e)isirrhodè de Tarente » (p.195-196), « P(e)isirrhodos de Tarente » (p.196), « Pempélos de Thourioi » (p.197-199), « Phaineclès de Paros » (p.266), « Phanos » (p.275-276), « Phaôn » (p.278- 279), « Phédon de Poseidonia » (p.285), « Philodamos de Locres » (p.335), « Philônidès de Tarente » (p.452), « Philtys de Crotone » (p.577-578), « Phrontidas de Tarente » (p.612), « Phrynichos de Tarente » (p.613), « Phykiadas de Crotone » (p.613), « Phyllis » (p.613), « Phyromachos » (p.614), « Polémaios de Sybaris » (p.1185), « Polémarchos de Tarente » (p.1189), « Poliadès de Sicyone » (p.1205), « Pôlos de Lucanie » (p.1221-1222), « Polyctôr d’Argos » (p.1252-1253), « Polymnastos de Phlionte » (p.1255-1256), « Poseidès d’Argos » (p.1468-1469), « Proclès de Métaponte » (p.1545), « Proxénos de Poseidonia » (p.1709), « Proxénos de Sybaris » (p.1709-1710), « Ptolémaïs de Cyrène » (p.1717-1718), « Pyrrôn de Métaponte » (p.1771), « Pythodôros de Cyzique » (p.1788), « Rhéxibios de Métaponte » (p.1796), « Rhodippos de Crotone » (p.1796) // « S(i)michias de Tarente » (p.312), « Simos de Poseidonia (Paestum) » (p.321), « Sôsistratos de Locres » (p.490-491), « Sôsthénès de Sicyone » (p.491), « Sthénônidas de Locres » (p.596-597), « Stratios de Sicyone » (p.612), « Théadousa (?) de Laconie (de Sparte) » (p.795-796), « Théétète de Rhégium » (p.847- 848), « Théodore de Tarente » (p.930-931), « Théodotos (ou Théodoros ?) le pythagoricien » (p.994-995), « Théophris de Crotone » (p.1123-1124), « Thestôr de Poseidonia (Paestum) » (p.1141-1142), « Thraséas de Métaponte » (p.1146), « Thrasydamos d’Argos » (p.1149), « Thrasymédès de Métaponte » (p.1177-1178), « Timasios de Sybaris » (p.1189), « Timée de Crotone » (p.1198), « Timosthénès d’Argos » (p.1237), « Tyrsénis de Sybaris » (p.1270), « Tyrsènos de Sybaris » (p.1271) // « Xénéas de Caulonie », « Xénocadès de Métaponte », « Xénophantès de Métaponte », « Rhyndacô ».

9 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Basilica under Porta Maggiore opens to the public (2015)

Nick Squires, Rome. The Telegraph. 19 Nov 2015 Secret pagan basilica in Rome emerges from the shadows after 2,000 years http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/12005864/Secret-pagan-basilica-in- Rome-emerges-from-the-shadows-after-2000-years.html An underground chamber that was a place of worship for a mysterious cult 2,000 years ago has opened to the public for the first time

A fresco depicting birds on the walls Photo: Chris Warde-Jones/The Telegraph

MARK MILLER. NOVEMBER, 2015. Underground Pagan Basilica with Dark History Revealed to the Public for the First Time http://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/underground-pagan-basilica-dark- history-revealed-public-first-time-004631

The History Blog » Blog Archive » Anonymus. Mystery basilica under Porta Maggiore opens to the public http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/36219

BASILICA NEOPITAGORICA http://www.romanoimpero.com/2010/03/basilica-pitagorica.html1

10 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Tabula Cebetis (discussion as a result of the painting in Newsletter 20)

From: [email protected] 2015 Subject: Re: [neoplatonism] Re: Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter 20

That reproduction of the painting of the Tabula Cebetis is just glorious! I read that work not long ago, which I find fascinating, and had never encountered before. Personally I tend to like that genre, the philosophical or religious journey - such as the Divine Comedy. Magnificent painting - here is the link from the newsletter: https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/SK-A-2372 Curious work, the Tabula. And more versions of same: https://blogs.princeton.edu/graphicarts/2010/12/tavola.html Dennis Clark

I did a 90 min. presentation on the Tabula in Feb. and I wish I had had this fine image for my slides; it’s better than the black and white images I used! Unfortunately, I didn’t work from a completely written out presentation, but you can find the slides here: http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~mclennan/papers/Tablet-of-Cebes.pdf As you can see from them, after a brief historical introduction, I basically retold the story in my own words and with some additional interpretation. (As someone in the audience remarked to me later, he realized that I had done to my audience exactly what the Presbutes does to his audience in the text. A nice extra level added to levels already present in the text!) Bruce MacLennan

A little more clear reproduction here http://blistar.net/photos/photo38480.html

Thanks very much, Bruce. I will take a look tomorrow. Really curious to see what you did with it. I like the comment! Is that, Physician, heal thy audience? Dennis Clark

I've never heard of this work, and have been struggling for the last nine years with the idea of expressing the idea of a city as a allegorical environment for a mind. This is a very useful precident I can look to now. I'm sorta new to studying Neo-Platonism systematically, just finishing up a translation of Numenius' Fragments that mentioned this site, and have two translations of another 5th century Bishop coming in the mail soon. Does anyone have a recommendation for an English translation of this particular work? Tabula Cebetis can only be found in Latin and Greek from a amazon.com search. Posted by: [email protected]

There is a modern edition - The Tabula of Cebes, with the Greek text and facing English translation, by John T. Fitzgerald and L. Michael White, Society of Biblical Literature, 1983. Dennis Clark

Thank you Bruce for this Cebes picture information and presentation (beautiful pictures). Is there a Tabula Cebetis publication forthcoming? In addition; there are free editions of the Tabula on the web. See; Parsons, R. Cebes' tablet, with introduction, notes, vocabulary, and grammatical questions. 1904 https://ia700400.us.archive.org/26/items/cebestabletwithi00cebeiala/cebestabletwithi00cebei ala.pdf Guthrie, K.S. The Greek Pilgrim's progress; generally known as The picture. 1910

11 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

https://ia801401.us.archive.org/20/items/greekpilgrimspro00cebeuoft/greekpilgrimspro00ceb euoft.pdf (beautiful illustrated) Our library has a lot of information about the Tabula Cebetis. Nico Bader Pythagoras Foundation

Good! I wasn't sure that was where I got it, but I thought it was. Dennis Clark

I’m glad you liked the slides. I do intend to do something with it, but I’m not sure what at this time. I think I have gathered about all the texts of the Tablet available on the internet and have a stack of books as well (including the Fitzgerald and White, which is probably the most useful). I have a sentimental fondness for K.S. Guthrie, and I think his edition probably probably first attracted me to the text. I would love to see what you have in your library. Any chance it will be digitized? Best, Bruce

Oh yes, Bruce - those you have not seen his translation, with PROFUSE illustration, as they might call it in 1910: https://archive.org/details/greekpilgrimspro00cebeuoft It states he did the illustrations and typeset it himself. I recognize one illustration is actually Böcklin's Toteninsel, but whatever. They are rather fin de siecle, more or less, mixed, but mostly. Make sure to look at the back and the list of other works of his on sale from the Monsalvat Press of Philadelphia, ca 1910 - what a great name for a publishing firm. My favorite would probably be Plotinus, his Life, Times, and Philosophy, with Extracts - Succinct, Comprehensive, with full References. If I could find a pamphlet filling that bill, Succinct and Comprehensive, for a dollar now...:) Not to pass over The Choicest Bits of Plato's Mystic Lore. These are wonderful - I hope they are all online at Archive.org. Dennis Clark

Dennis, here is another of his gems (I give the full title): The Pagan Bible, Or, Angels Ancient & Modern An Anthology on the Soul & its Helpers According to the Ancients Homer, Hesiod, Cebes, Plato, Cicero, Virgil: and the Moderns Plutarch, Apuleius, Maximus, Plotinus, Synesius, Zosimus, Proclus, & Dionysius the Areopagite. (Platonist Press, 1925) It includes his translation of the Tablet, but without most of the ornaments in the standalone edition. It sold for $2. Not available online, so far as I can see. I also have his “Proclus’s Life, Hymns & Works: Master-key Edition, Putting the Reader in Full Command of the Whole Subject, and Giving the Full English Text of All Relevant Inaccessible Minor Works” (Platonist, 1925, $3). In the preface he says that he was motivated to produce the translation after he was visited by a California miner (a Mr. Emil Verch), who did not know Greek, but said he had had a vision of a sage named Proclus “lecturing and demonstrating theorems in an unknown tongue” and therefore was seeking Proclus’ teachings in English! He went around asking various people if they had heard of Proclus and eventually found his way to Guthrie. Some years ago I read Guthrie’s translation of the Enneads cover to cover, because he arranged them in the chronological order. It was an interesting exercise to get a different slant on Plotinus’ thought and its development. This and a number of his other works are online at . Bruce MacLennan

Dennis and Bruce; thank you. I can add a recent interesting overview article; Squire, M. “Counterfeit in Character but Persuasive in Appearance”: Reviewing the Ainigma of the Tabula Cebetis Classical Philology. 2014, 109, 4, p. 285-324 Nico Bader

12 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

146th Annual Meeting Abstracts, In a letter to a colleague in 1638, the Society for Classical Studies (SCS). painter Domenichino recounted that he 2015 had begun experimenting with the construction of lutes and harpsichords ABSTRACTS; capable of performing music in the “lost” ancient Greek enharmonic genus. He Panel title: The Body in Question: revealed that his source of inspiration for Literature, Philosophy, and Cult these musical activities was the Roman Mali Skotheim, Apollonius the treatise De Architectura by Vitruvius, Pantomime: Silence and Dance in rather than any of the well-respected and Philostratus' Life of Apollonius of Tyana widely-read theoretical treatises by Abstract: Apollonius of Tyana, a Boethius, Zarlino, Gaffurius, and the Pythagorean philosopher who lived in the like. Scholars had often dismissed first c. CE, is the subject of Philostratus' Vitruvius’s musical fragments as VA, composed in the early 3rd c. CE. derivative, incomplete, or incorrect, but Following the Pythagorean tradition, Domenichino clearly thought otherwise, Apollonius takes a five-year vow of silence believing that Vitruvius held the keys to the (VA 1.14). The differences between secrets of ancient Greek music. As I will Pythagorean and Apollonian silence, show, he was not alone in this regard. however, have escaped notice, even in In this paper, I will demonstrate treatments of Apollonius' relationship to how Vitruvius’ writings on Aristoxenus and Pythagoreanism (Flinterman 2009). other Greek music theorists in De Pythagoras' disciples took a five-year vow Architectura profoundly influenced early of silence in order to listen to Pythagorean modern understanding of ancient music doctrine, which Pythagoras delivered from theory, and that a systematic study of behind a veil so that his disciples could Italian sixteenth- and seventeenth-century only hear but not see him (Iamblichus, Life commentaries on De Architectura can help of Pythagoras 17, Diogenes Laertius, Life us retrace this legacy. Walden 2014 of Pythagoras 8, cf. Montiglio 2000: 27-8). [forthcoming] discusses how Vitruvius Apollonius behaves completely differently reinterpreted Aristoxenus and Pythagoras during his period of silence: he listens to in applying musical theory to architectural no doctrines, but rather travels, and mechanical designs; in this communicating silently with many people. presentation, I will build off of this study to When people speak to him, he responds show how Vitruvius’ transmission of these “with his eyes, his hands, or by the earlier theories served as a key source for motions of his head” (VA 1.14). He quells Renaissance Italian humanists interested a pantomime riot with a silent glance, and in reviving ancient musical practices. In asks about a lawsuit with a gesture of his particular, enharmonic music was the hand (VA 1.15). By learning to subject of intense intellectual and artistic communicate with gestures and other interest and debate, inspiring a rich culture body language, Apollonius learns to of collaboration that integrated musical control his own movements as well as to theory and performance practice topics interpret physical signs in the bodies of with those important to architectural and others (e.g. VA 7.42). He shares this artistic discourses. physiognomic knowledge with the Indian I will begin by offering a close reading of the musical writings by the Venetian humanist and architectural theorist Daniele Panel title: Ancient Greek and Roman Barbaro, whose translation and Music: Current Approaches and New commentaries on De Architectura (Venice Perspectives 1556/1567) served as the standard text for Daniel Walden, Musica Prisca Caput: the next several hundred years. Barbaro Ancient Greek Music Theory, Vitruvius, also authored the unpublished and Enharmonicism in Sixteenth-Century treatise Della Musica, which has been Italy generally overlooked in current Renaissance scholarship, that presented a

13 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

vision of ancient Greek music theory practices; and finally, to show how shaped by Vitruvian schematics and logic, enharmonicism was not simply a radical and advocated experimentation his compositional trend, but a key part of a contemporaries in enharmonic larger humanistic discourse focused on composition and performance based on the study and re-creation of the mystical those models. Turning from theory to effects of ancient Greek music. practice, I will then show how two such enharmonic composer-theorists, Nicola Vicentino and Fabio Colonna, introduced Panel title: Religion, Ritual, and Identity Vitruvian music theory into their Roshan Abraham, Philostratus, performance practice. Vicentino’s Prognōsis, and the Alternatives to treatise L’antica musica ridotta alla prattica Divination moderna and Colonna’s La sambuca Abstract: Interest in Flavius Philostratus’ lincea both include detailed discussions of Life of Apollonius of Tyana (VA) has Vitruvian theory, as well as descriptions of sharply increased in the last two decades, original designs for keyboards with thirty- particularly for those studying the Second one divisions of the octave that were Sophistic, travel literature, and the capable of performing the microtonal magic/religion dichotomy. The role of intervals of the enharmonic genus and divination in the text, however, has sample enharmonic compositions for received scant attention (notable those keyboards. Although these treatises exceptions are Du Toit; Flinterman; and have received considerable attention since Fromentin). This is major gap in the Theodor Kroyer’s Die Anfänge der scholarship, since Philostratus specifically Chromatik im italienischen Madrigal des identifies Apollonius’ foreknowledge as XVI. Jahrhunderts (eg. Barbieri 2008, one (of only two) underlying reasons Kaufmann 1963, Kaufmann 1966, Martin people believe him to be a magician 1984, and Rasch 2002), recent (magos or goēs). In this paper, I will scholarship has not addressed the demonstrate how Philostratus considerable influence that Vitruvian reformulates Apollonius’ foreknowledge discourse had in shaping these from being a cause of his negative Renaissance texts. I will analyze a reputation to a proof of his god-like nature, sample composition from each treatise – thereby demonstrating the importance of Musica Prisca Caput by Vicentino divination within the text and the and Esempio della circulatione by Colonna importance of the text itself for the history – to show how the composition itself, and of divination in the later Roman Empire. the performer’s gestures at the Roman society had an ambiguous view of enharmonic keyboard were devised to call divination. Though it was frequently attention to central principles of Vitruvian employed by the state, when done by architectural and musical theory as individuals, it was seen as a suspect, if not illuminated by Barbaro. I will also show antisocial or anti-state, activity. (Graf, how Colonna’s writings and compositions MacMullen, Rives) Philostratus take an even more explicitly Vitruvian demonstrates that the negative opinion of stance, suggesting that a concept of a Apollonius derives from misperceiving “Vitruvian music theory” had begun to Apollonius’ foreknowledge (prognōsis / crystallize by the beginning of the progignōskein) as a form of divination seventeenth century. Through my (manteia / manteuomai). He clearly discussion, and these analyses, I hope to differentiates prognōsis and manteia accomplish three aims: first, to throughout the text. Furthermore, demonstrate how Renaissance Apollonius specifically denies any ability to understanding of ancient Greek musical divine (VA 4.44) and later states to theory and practice was mediated by Domitian that “the gods reveal their Vitruvian architectrual discourse; second, intentions to holy and wise men even to articulate the key characteristics of when they are not divining” (τὰς αὑτῶν “Vitruvian music theory” and how they may βουλὰς οἱ θεοὶ τοῖς ὁσίοις τε καὶ σοφοῖς have shaped early modern compositional

14 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

ἀνδράσι καὶ µὴ µαντευοµένοις φαίνουσι , pythagorisme dans ses écrits 8.7.30). Philostratus’ differentiation of the two Séminaire d'Histoire des sciences terms is more than a clever rhetorical ploy. mathématiques de l'Institut mathématique Instead, one can find the philosophical and de Jussieu-Paris Rive Gauche religious foundation of prognōsis Lieu : Jussieu, couloir 15-16, salle 413. 4 developed during Apollonius’ studies with Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Iarchas, the leader of the Indian Dates : 25 mars 2015. Brahmans. Philostratus specifically notes Leonid Zhmud “a discussion concerning foreknowledge” Titre : From Pythagoras to Archytas: Two (περὶ δὲ προγνώσεως λόγου, VA 3.42) centuries of Pythagorean Mathematics which arose between Apollonius and Résumé : My lecture deals with the Iarchas. A close reading of this discussion, development of the mathematical paired with material from other discussions quadrivium – geometry, arithmetic, between the two, reveals a fully developed astronomy and mathematical harmonics – theory of prognōsis, rooted in Middle in the Pythagorean school in the 6th-4th Platonic physics and ethics, which Iarchas centuries BC. Relying mostly on the specifically contrasts with traditional fourth-century sources, I will try to oracular divination. This analysis will establish the individual links in the chain of demonstrate the uniqueness of prognōsis scientific discoveries linking Pythagoras from both artificial and natural forms of with Ionian geometry and astronomy divination and will also reveal how (Thales, Anaximander) on the one hand, Apollonius’ foreknowledge helps define and on the other with Pythagorean him as a holy man. mathematics (Hippasus, Theodorus, It is not, however, the case that prognōsis Archytas). is limited to Philostratus’ text. Instead, one can find an understanding of prognōsis Séminaire d'Histoire des sciences similar to that of the VA in both the Papyri mathématiques de l'Institut mathématique Graecae Magicae, specifically PGM III, de Jussieu-Paris Rive Gauche and in Iamblichus’ discussion of theurgic Lieu : Jussieu, couloir 15-16, salle 413. 4 divination in De Mysteriis. The appearance Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris and understanding of this term in these Dates : 8 avril 2015. other texts support the importance of Luc Brisson Philostratus’ text for the history of Titre : La première description divination in later antiquity and suggest mathématique du monde-Le Timée de possibilities for future research. Platon Résumé : Dans le Timée, le monde est décrit comme une sphère, la figure géométrique la plus parfaite, parce que la plus symétrique. C’est un vivant pourvu d’une âme qui rend compte de tous les Conferences; chronological mouvements physiques et psychiques qui s’y manifestent, et d’un corps. Une seule "Le principe du Bien, de l'antiquité au figure géométrique, le cercle, explique la moyen âge" est le thème de l'année permanence de tous les mouvements des 2014-2015 du séminaire mensuel organisé corps célestes dont par ailleurs la par Anca Vasiliu dans le cadre du régularité est assurée par une progression programme "L'héritage philosophique de géométrique associée à une proportion l'antiquité" du Centre Léon Robin (CNRS, arithmétique et à une proportion Université Paris-Sorbonne). La prochaine harmonique. Le corps du monde est formé séance aura lieu le 12 fév. 2015. à partir de quatre éléments associés à Fabienne JOURDAN, Sur le Bien de quatre polyèdres réguliers constitués à Numénius. Sur le Bien de Platon. partir de deux surfaces, le triangle L'enseignement oral du maître comme équilatéral et le carré, eux-mêmes occasion de rechercher son constitués de triangles

15 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

rectangles isocèles ou scalènes; la du séminaire mensuel organisé par Anca transformation mutuelle de trois de ces Vasiliu dans le cadre du programme éléments est décrite à l’aide des "L'héritage philosophique de l'antiquité" mathématiques. du Centre Léon Robin (CNRS, Université L’exposé sera descriptif, mais quelques Paris-Sorbonne). La prochaine séance problèmes seront soulevés : celui de la aura lieu le proportion qui peut être établie entre des 21 mai, 2015. solides, celui du continu et du discontinu, - Rosella SAETTA-COTTONE, Le soleil et celui de l’irrationalité notamment. comme reflet et la question de la connaissance dans la pensée d'Empédocle: aux origines d'une image V Symposium International - Jean-Claude PICOT, Le feu, le soleil et d'études anciennes : Apollon chez Empédocle “Thèmes et problèmes de la philosophie présocratique dans l'Antiquité.” Dans le cadre du projet « Belo Horizonte, 13 - 18 Avril 2015. Pseudopythagorica : stratégies du faire Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, croire dans la philosophie antique » Un Brésil programme du Laboratoire d’excellence - Patricia Curd: “The Reception and Hastec, avec le Laboratoire d’études sur Interpretation of Empedocles on sense les monothéismes (UMR 8584) et le perception in later thinkers.” Centre Jean-Pépin (UMR 8230) - Gabor Betegh: “Fire, heat, and motive Organisation : Constantinos Macris, Luc force in Presocratic and Hippocratic Brisson et Tiziano Dorandi (CNRS). theories.” Atelier I - Gabriele Cornelli : “Três versões da Pseudopythagorica Atelier I 28 mai doutrina pitagórica dos números em 2015 Bâtiment Le France EPHE Aristóteles.” - Leonid Zhmud : “What is Pythagorean in the pseudo- Pythagorean texts ?” - Marc-Antoine Gavray « Le traité du Heterodoxy and Tradition ps.-Timée de Locres Sur la nature du Conflict and Dialogue in Ancient Pagan monde et de l’âme cité par Simplicius » and Christian Philosophy - Angela Ulacco « Ps.-Archita, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Sull’intelletto e la sensazione » Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 16-18 April 2015 ANGELA ULACCO : ‘Exegesis and Platonism and Hellenistic Philosophy: strategies of appropriation: the use of A Milan-Durham joint seminar series Aristotle in the Pseudo-Pythagorean The fourth meeting of this series will be treatises’ held on the topic of *FORMS* on 29th-30th May 2015, ACTIONS AND PASSIONS IN ANCIENT - Christoph Helmig, 'Simplicius on GREECE Aristotle’s criticism of the Theory of Forms Colloque organisé par le organisé in Physics II.2' par le GDRI AITIA/AITIAI, - Franco Trabattoni, 'On Incorporeal le Centre Léon Robin, la Maison Française Qualities: A Dangerous Alliance' d'Oxford et l'Université de Venise Ca' - Phillip Horky, Pythagoreanism Foscari. - Alexandra Michalewski, 'La théorie des 7 mai, 2015 Formes chez Atticus' Anna Marmodoro : Love and Strife in Empedocles Il ritorno del innatismo ? Il problema della conoscenza nella filosofia imperiale e "Le principe du Bien, de l'antiquité au tardo antica. Diatribai di Gargnano 2015 moyen âge" est le thème de l'année Palazzo Feltrinelli, Gargnano (Lago di 2014-2015 Garda), 4-6 giugno 2015

16 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Angela Ulacco : Idee, numeri, categorie: l'epistemologia di Ps.-Archita Dans le cadre du projet « Pseudopythagorica : stratégies du faire Dans le cadre du séminaire Lille-Liège- croire dans la philosophie antique » Un Bruxelles "Systématicités antiques" programme du Laboratoire d’excellence 10 juin 2015 à l'Université Libre de Hastec, avec le Laboratoire d’études sur Bruxelles (Campus de Solbosch, salle les monothéismes (UMR 8584) et le AX3.FOR). Centre Jean-Pépin (UMR 8230) Anne-Laure Therme, "Un système Organisation : Constantinos Macris, Luc empédocléen ?" Brisson et Tiziano Dorandi (CNRS). Pseudopythagorica Atelier II 26-27 novembre 2015 Campus de Villejuif, Second Moisa Summer School in Ancient Bâtiment D Greek Music - Mauro Bonazzi: Pseudo-Aristaios, Sur July 1, 2015. (Facoltà di Lettere, l’éternité de l’univers University of Trento) - Luc Brisson : Les textes pseudo- Andrew Barker ‘Aristoxenus’ and pythagoriciens sur la loi ‘Pythagoras’: two opposite approaches to - Phillip Horky : Pseudo-Archytas, the Harmonics in Ancient Greece One and Many - Constantinos Macris : Le dossier « Théano » On Friday 24 July 2015 there will be a - Jan Opsomer : La théorie des éléments workshop in St Andrews on death and chez pseudo-Ocellus immortality in ancient philosophy and early - Georges Skaltsas : « Devenir Un ». À Christianity. All welcome. propos d’un dit pseudo-pythagoricien chez Please direct all inquiries to Alex Long ( Clément d’Alexandrie [email protected] ). - Irini-Foteini Viltanioti : Justice et - Phillip Horky : ‘Pythagorean harmonie universelle dans les Immortality of the Soul?’ pseudopythagorica hellénistiques - Simon Trépanier : ‘Empedocles: Our Life in Hades and Soul as Long-lived Body-Part’ Colloque international « The Placita of Aëtius : Foundations for the Study of Ancient Philosophy », organisé à Colloque Il Lato Oscuro della Tarda Melbourne (Queen’s College) par David Antichità. Marginalità e integrazione delle Runia (1-4 décembre 2015). correnti esoteriche nella spiritualità Gérard Journée, Theodoretus on filosofica tardoantica. Thématique de 2015 Hippasus and Heraclitus (CAG 4.12) : : Textes, rituels e expériences spirituelles. Problems for the reconstruction of Aëtius 8-11 octobre 2015 // Colloque Testi, Abstract: In CAG 4.5-12, Theodoretus rituali, esperienze spirituali (Villa Vigoni) quotes the opinion of fourteen Constantin Macris : Aspects du philosophers to illustrate their alleged ritualisme néo-pythagoricien diaphonia : 1/ Xenophanes, 2/ Parmenides, 3/ Melissus, 4/ Democritus, 5/ Metrodorus of Chios, 6/ Epicurus, 7/ Ecphantus, 8/ Plato, 9/ Aristotle, 10/ Xenocrates, 11/ Zeno of Citium, 12/ Classicism in Rome: Greek Paradigms in Hippasus and Heraclitus, 13/ Diogenes of Roman Art, Rhetoric and Literature Apollonia. According to Diels, most of 11 November 2015 these texts comes from Aetius 1.3 with the Royal Netherlands Institute in Rome, Via exception of the embarrassing notice Omero 10/12, Rome concerning Hippasus and Heraclitus which Alessandro Schiesaro : Virgil, he placed in 1.5 (εἰ ἓν τὸ πᾶν) because it Empedocles and the Storm disagrees with the parallel quotations of

17 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

both Stobaeus and Ps. Plutarchus. - Mathieu TERRIER : Pythagore, maître However, 1/ Theodoretus’ lemma does not d’ésotérisme et de théologie monothéiste seem to fit the content of 1.5 ; 2/ even if its dans la renaissance de la philosophie first subject is τὸ πᾶν, it shares this islamique en Iran au XVIIe siècle characteristic with Theodoretus’ texts about Xenophanes, Parmenides and Conference on the Context and Legacy Diogenes, and also with Stobaeus lemma of Hypatia on Xenocrates, as well 3/ as the attributes December 11-12, 2015. Princeton « one, always in movement and limited » University, (perhaps characteristic of the Behind the Symbol: the Context and Theophrastean treatment and of its Legacy of Hypatia underlying general division, see eg. 225 Sixteen centuries ago in 415, the career of FHS&G) are also paralleled by the texts one of Antiquity’s most influential and concerning Eleatic philosophers. My memorable women came to a violent end presentation will try to address these in the streets of Alexandria. In observance different issues. of this anniversary, we are organizing a conference at Princeton University aimed Dans le cadre d'une journée d'hommage à at new perspectives on Hypatia and her Jean Bollack, le vendredi world. We seek to get behind the symbol 4 décembre 2015, MESHS (Maison which Hypatia has become, in at least two Européenne des Sciences de l'Homme et ways: first and primarily, by studying her de la Société, Lille, 2, rue des Canonniers) upon the wider historical canvas of late Xavier Gheerbrant : Empédocle et la antiquity. What conditions allowed for the philologie herméneutique de Jean Bollack rise, flourishing, and shocking demise of one of the ancient Mediterranean’s rare Nous vous annonçons la troisième séance female philosophers? How should we du séminaire "Philosophie et rhétorique understand her role in the context of the dans l'Antiquité impériale et tardive" educational institutions, social/political organisé par les UMR STL et HALMA structures in which she moved and (Univ. Lille 3 CNRS) avec le soutien de acted? In particular, how did the groups l'Institut Universitaire de France. 9 and categories of Alexandria – Pagans, décembre, 2015. Christians, Jews, Greeks, Egyptians, DOMINIC O'MEARA : « Les biographies intellectuals, administrators – de Pythagore et d'Epicure: des interact? What were Hypatia’s own paradigmes de la vie philosophique » distinctive intellectual achievements, and those of the school which she inherited Dans le cadre du projet « Revisiter les from her father Theon? Secondly, Hypatia monothéismes » du LEM (UMR 8584 - has taken up as a symbol within various Laboratoire d'études sur les narratives and causes, from the fifth monothéismes), en collaboration avec le century onwards. Does her death Séminaire en sciences religieuses (niveau epitomize the turn from an enlightened Master et Doctorat) de l'IPT (Institut Antiquity to the Dark Ages? Is it a brutal Protestant de Théologie), 11 décembre manifestation of the tightening grip of the 2015 episcopacy on civil life? Rather than nous organisons notre simply debunking myths, we wish to study Troisième journée d’études sur les Hypatia’s role in forming the cultural Figures polythéistes de sagesse dans les reception of ancient philosophy and monothéismes science, the city of Alexandria, the intitulée Christian(izing) Roman Empire, the role of Les philosophes grecs en terre d’islam. women and gender in Antiquity, and On y écoutera : more. We accordingly welcome abstracts - Daniel DE SMET : Les philosophes for papers offering new insights on the grecs, tous monothéistes ! Une relecture historical world of Hypatia, as well as with islamique de l’histoire de la philosophie her legacy and reception across the range (Pseudo-Ammonius) of cultural production.

18 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

BOOKS

L'armonia del mondo : "Hans Kayser e le Bartos, H. Philosophy and dietetics in the forme della scienza pitagorica" : atti del Hippocratic On regimen : a delicate convegno, Roma 21 - 02 - 2015. balance of health Roma : Simmetria edizioni - associazione Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2015. culturale. 2015. Studies in ancient medicine 44. ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-99152-09-3 ISSN 0925-1421 CLAUDIO LANZI, PRESENTAZIONE Summary: This book offers the first p 11 extended study published in English on ANTONELLO COLIMBERTI, the Hippocratic treatise 'On regimen', one INTRODUZIONE p 13 of the most important pre-Platonic NUCCIO D'ANNA, AKRÓASIS. HANS documents of the discussion of human KAYSER E LA TEORIA DELL'ARMONIA nature and other topics at the intersection DEL MONDO p 17 of ancient medicine and philosophy. It is ANTONELLO COLIMBERTI, LA not only a unique example of classical BELLEZZA SONORA DEL MONDO. Greek dietetic literature, including the most BREVE STORIA DELL'ARMONIST1CA IN elaborated account of the micro- ITALIA p 33 macrocosm and phusis-techne analogies, ROBERTO FONDI, L'ARMONISTICA but it also provides the most explicit QUALE VIA MAESTRA PER UN discussion of the soul-body opposition RITORNO ALLA NATURPHILOSOPHIE preceding Plato. Moreover, Barto argues, p 47 it is a rare example of an extant medical ROBERTO LANERI, NEL CIELO DI text which systematically draws on INDRA: CRISTALLI ARMONICI p 75 philosophical authorities, such as ALBERT MAYR MUSICA ENIM Heraclitus, Empedocles and Anaxagoras, GENERALITER SUMPTA OBIECTIVE and which had a decisive influence on QUASI AD OMNIA SE EXTENDIT both physicians, such as Galen, and p 102 philosophers, most notably Plato and MARIA FRANCA FROLA ARMONICA E Aristotle LETTERATURA p 115 Claudio Lanzi HANS KAYSER E LE Bobiński, Z. Pole figury a ...twierdzenie FORME DELLA SCIENZA PITAGORICA Pitagorasa ...twierdzenie Talesa p 136 Toruń : Wydawnictwo "Aksjomat", Piotr Nodzyński, 2015. ISBN 9788364660078

Amer, Z. Hypatia von Alexandria Burnyeat, M. The seventh platonic letter Berlin : epubli GmbH. 2015. Dateiformat: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, pdf. URL: 2015. http://www.epubli.de/shop/isbn/978373753 ISBN 9780191053382 9616 ISBN 978-3-7375-3961-6 Caporali, E. La natura secondo Pitagora Roma : Aseq. 2015. Anonymus. Vorsokratiker, Stoa und Series 1: Oltre la scienza. Facs. repr. of Skepsis im Kontext : griechisch-deutsche the 1914 ed. publ. by Atanor. Cenni storici Parallelausgabe. su Pitagora e la sua Scuola Person(en): Anaxagoras; Chrysippos; Introduzione p 17 Diogenes Laertius, Diogenes; Capitolo I. - La prima estrinsecazione Empedokles; Epiktet; Parmenides; dell'Essere Divino (Spazio e Tempo) p 21 Plutarch; Sextus Empiricus, Sextus; Zenon Capitolo II. - La seconda estrinsecazione von Kition, Zenon von; Heraklit dell'Essere Primo (Àtomi eterei e Berlin : Karsten Worm. 2015, 1 CD-ROM, ponderali) p 29 ISBN 978-3-932094-96-5. Capitolo III. - La solidarietà degli Atomi in generale p 47

19 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Capitolo IV. - La solidarietà geometrica Diese zweisprachige Studienausgabe cristallina p 58 enthält das erste Buch der Tusculanae Capitolo V. - L'ascesa alle chimiche disputationes, ergänzt durch die combinazioni p 67 Traumvision Scipios aus De re publica und Capitolo VI. - L'Unità assimilatrice cellulare die Schrift Cato maior de senectute. p 72 Gegenstand der Überlegungen Ciceros in Capitolo VII. - Come le Unità cellulari si allen drei Texten ist das Fortleben des accentrano nelle Piante per godere Menschen oder der Seele nach dem Tode. l'amore p 82 Während in Scipios Wunschtraum der Capitolo VIII - Origine psichica delle Genuß des vollkommenen, theoretischen specie animali p 101 Lebens, der dem vorbildlichen, aber im Capitolo IX. - Come la Psiche fa la vita Leben gescheiterten Staatsmann als Lohn interna sana p 121 für sein Streben zukommt, behandelt wird, Capitolo X. - Come la Psiche fa le geht es in den Gesprächen in Tusculum guarigioni p 134 um den Gedanken der erst mit dem Capitolo XI. - Come la Psiche fa il Weiterleben nach dem Tode gegebenen Sistema Nervoso p 144 vita beata. Auch Tod und Schmerz sind Capitolo XII. - Come la Psicho fa il nicht imstande, das durch tugendhaftes Sistema Muscolare p 152 Handeln erreichte Lebensglück Capitolo XIII. - La Psiche generatrice infragezustellen. p 158 Capitolo XIV. - La Unità intima nel Coakley, L.C. Pythagoras : Sentimento p 169 mathematician and mystic Capitolo XV. - La Unità Numerante nella Rosen Young Adult. 2015. Volontà p 181 ISBN: 9781499461329 Growing up in Ionia -- Travels far and wide Casoretti, A.M. Orfismo e pitagorismo : A -- Settling in Croton -- Pythagorean beliefs origem da ascética da alma no Ocidente. -- A lasting legacy. (Portuguese) Novas Edições Acadêmicas. 2015. Corry, L. A brief history of numbers ISBN 978-613-0-16049-4 Oxford University Press. 2015. Abstract: Durante a Antiguidade grega, ISBN: 9780198702597 vicejaram determinados movimentos que Summary: The world around us is convergiam em relacao a adocao de uma saturated with numbers. They are a particular forma de vida ascetica. A fundamental pillar of our modern society, trajetoria marcada pela busca da ascese and accepted and used with hardly a da alma entra para a Historia da Filosofia second thought. But how did this state of como categoria "orfico-pitagorica," affairs come to be? deixando suas marcas no pensamento de In this book, Leo Corry tells the story eminentes filosofos da Antiguidade que, behind the idea of number from the early por sua vez, exercerao forte ascendencia days of the Pythagoreans, up until the turn sobre o posterior pensamento medieval. of the twentieth century. He presents an Esta obra examina as razoes, pouco overview of how numbers were handled explicitadas na literatura especializada, and conceived in classical Greek que levaram os circulos em questao a mathematics, in the mathematics of Islam, percorrer tal caminho, posto que o in European mathematics of the middle ascetismo orfico-pitagorico, enquanto ages and the Renaissance, during the exercicio animico, e escolha de vida que scientific revolution, all the way through to implica rigorosa transformacao de vida. the mathematics of the 18th to the early 20th century. Focusing on both Cicero, M. Tullius Gedanken über Tod foundational debates and practical use und Unsterblickkeit : Somnium numbers, and showing how the story of Scipionis/Tusculanae disputationes I numbers is intimately linked to that of the Hamburg : Meiner, F. 2015. idea of equation, this book provides a ISBN 978-3-7873-0023-5 valuable insight to numbers for

20 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 undergraduate students, teachers, Was the Greek city democratic in nature? engineers, professional mathematicians, This book gives a complex response that and anyone with an interest in the history illustrates the reception of Greek of mathematics.. democracy in modern culture, discusses its origins, and addresses the political Cruz, A. As reencarnações de Pitágoras implications of the topic. The democratic (Portuguese) natures of several ancient cities are Lisboa : Alfaguara, 2015. compared: Athens, Syracuse, Croton, ISBN 9789896650155 Thurii, and Taras. Sinopse: Esta é uma recolha e um resumo poético de algumas das vidas que Gómez Pin, V. Pitágoras y el Pitágoras viveu ao longo dos séculos, pensamiento presocrático entretecendo várias das suas mais Barcelona : Batiscafo, cop. 2015 notáveis transmigrações, num Empezaré evocando un relato, caleidoscópio de personalidades, ângulos probablemente conocido por el lector. e cores, demonstrando que cada ser Cuenta Cicerón en sus Disputaciones humano contém em si toda a humanidade. Tusculanas que, llegado Pitágoras a la ciudad de Fliunte en la Argólida, región del Fechner, P. Apollonius, die Pythagoreer Peloponeso, tuvo ocasión de conversar und der Götterglaube sobre diversas cuestiones con el München : neobooks Self-Publishing. gobernante local Leonte, o León, según 2015. Online-Ressource. las traducciones, quien, estupefacto ante ISBN 978-3-7380-4594-9 el saber de su interlocutor, vino a Apollonius von Tyana war ein Zeitgenosse preguntarle indirectamente cuál era su des Apostels Paulus. Zu seiner Zeit war oficio. El viajero habría respondido que no Apollonius aber weitaus berühmter als era experto en nada particular, sino que Paulus, ja er wurde von manchen als era «filósofo». Al parecer el término Gottheit angesehen, da er filósofo era desconocido para el außergewöhnliche Heilkräfte besaß und interlocutor de Pitágoras, por lo que este bisweilen die Zukunft vorausschauen le ilustró con una alegoría. konnte. Als „Reformator“ des fast überall entarteten Götterglaubens geriet er durch Gregory, A. The presocratics and the das sich später schnell ausbreitende supernatural : magic, philosophy and Christentum zu Unrecht in Vergessenheit. science in early Greece Was weiß man über das Leben des London ; New York Bloomsbury T&T Apollonius von Tyana und über die Lehre Clark, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing der Pythagoreer, zu der er sich bekannte? Plc 2015. Was hat man vom Götterglauben der ISBN: 1474234771. Griechen und Römer zu halten? Hierzu Introduction Natural and Supernatural The werden erhellende Antworten unter Literary and Philosophical Background Berücksichtigung glaubwürdiger antiker Magic and Its Practice in Presocratic Quellen und der Gralsbotschaft gegeben. Greece Milesian Pantheism Xenophanes and the Drive Towards a Unitary God The Folkerts, M. EAGLE-GUIDE Von Hippocratics and the Sacred Disease Pythagoras bis Ptolemaios Empedocles The Pythagoreans Leucippus Leipzig : Edition am Gutenbergplatz and Democritus Leipzig. 2015. ISBN: 978-3-937219-55-4. Griffin, M.J. Aristotle's Categories in the early Roman Empire Giangiulio, M. Democrazie greche : Oxford Oxford University Press. 2015. Atene, Sicilia, Magna Grecia ISBN: 019872473X. Studi superiori, 1006; Studi superiori Notes: Based on the author's doctoral (Carocci editore), 1006. dissertation (2009) Roma : Carocci editore, ottobre 2015. Preface ; Abbreviations ; 1. Introduction ; ISBN 9788843078301 PART A: REDISCOVERY AND

21 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

ENDORSEMENT: ANDRONICUS AND Thomas Moore Johnson (1851-1919) was EUDORUS ; 2. Andronicus of Rhodes ; 3. one of a number of men and women of 'Pythagorean' Support: Eudorus and that period who sought to promulgate the Pseudo-Archytas ; PART B: EARLY philosophy of the Platonic tradition as a CRITICISMS: PLATONISTS AND STOICS spiritual and intellectual discipline. ; 4. Lucius and Nicostratus ; 5. Stoic Johnson edited two journals, The Platonist Critque: Athenodorus and Cornutus ; and Bibliotheca Platonica, between 1880 PART C: PERIPATETIC SYNTHESIS and 1890, as well as publishing three AND RESPONSE ; 6. Boethus of Sidon ; books in the following years. 7. The Second Century: A Brief Overview ; He championed the Platonism of the 8. Conclusions ; Appendix 1: Persons and neoplatonists and took the side of such Sources ; Appendix 2: Adronicus' American Platonists as Bronson Alcott, W Publication and Work ; Appendix 3: An T Harris and Hiram K Jones in their Outline of Aristotle's Categories ; Index determined opposition to modernist versions of Plato which he considered to Groot, J. de Aristotle's Empiricism: materialistic and atheistic. Although some Experience and Mechanics in the Fourth of his translations have been available in Century BC recent years (mainly in facsimile editions), Las Vegas: Parmenides Publishing; 2014. this is the first time a major collection of Abstract: In 'Aristotle's Empiricism', Jean his translations and original writings has De Groot argues that an important part of been published. It includes a preface by Aristotle's natural philosophy has Professor Jay Bregman of Maine remained largely unexplored and shows University, along with the following works: that much of Aristotle's analysis of natural Iamblichus’ Exhortation to Philosophy (or movement is influenced by the logic and Protrepticus); Proclus' Elements of concepts of mathematical mechanics that Theology (or Metaphysics); Fragments of emerged from late Pythagorean thought. Iamblichus, Ammonias Saccas, and De Groot draws upon the pseudo- Proclus; Six treatises from Plotinus' Aristotelian 'Physical Problems' XVI to Enneads; two Hymns of Synesius, and five reconstruct the context of mechanics of original articles on various aspects of Aristotle's time and to trace the Platonism. development of kinematic thinking from Archytas to the Aristotelian 'Mechanics'. Jones, C.P. Apollonius of Tyana / She shows the influence of kinematic Philostratus thinking on Aristotle's concept of power or Cambridge, MA : Harvard University potentiality, which she sees as having a Press. 2015. Loeb classical library ; 16, physicalistic meaning originated in the 17, 458 problem of movement. De Groot identifies Summary: In his Life of Apollonius the source of early mechanical knowledge Philostratus (second to third century CE) in kinesthetic awareness of mechanical portrays a first-century CE teacher, advantage, showing the relation of religious reformer, and perceived rival to Aristotle's empiricism to more ancient Jesus. Apollonius's letters, ancient reports experience. The book sheds light on the about him, and a letter by Eusebius (fourth classical Greek understanding of imitation century CE) that is now central to the and device, as it questions both the claim history of Philostratus's work add to the that Aristotle's natural philosophy codifies portrait. This biography of a first-century opinions held by convention and the view CE holy man has become one of the most that the cogency of his scientific ideas widely discussed literary works of later depends on metaphysics. antiquity. With an engaging style, Philostratus portrays a charismatic teacher Johnson, T.M. Collected works of Thomas and religious reformer from Tyana in Moore Johnson : the great American Cappadocia (modern central Turkey) who Platonist travels across the known world, from the Wiltshire, England : The Promethus Trust, Atlantic to the Ganges. His miracles, which 2015. ISBN 9781898910824 include extraordinary cures and

22 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 mysterious disappearances, together with read, the resulting conception of his apparent triumph over death, caused perception is both attractive and pagans to make Apollonius a rival to Jesus defensible of Nazareth. In a new three-volume Loeb Classical Library edition of Philostratus's Kingsley, C. Hypatia – Or, New Foes With third-century work, Christopher Jones an Old Face provides a freshly edited Greek text and a Read Books Ltd. 2015. stylish translation with full explanatory ISBN 1473376939 notes. Apollonius of Tyana is by far the Hypatia, or New Foes with an Old Face longest biography that survives from details the fictional life of the philosopher antiquity. Jones in his Introduction asks Hypatia and tells the story of Philammon, how far it is history and how far fiction, and a young monk, who becomes involved in discusses its survival from Late Antiquity the political and religious issues within the to modern times city of Alexandria. This fantastic book is considered to be Kingsley's greatest novel, Jufresa, M. Iàmblic. La vida pitagòrica widely read in its time and still enjoyed by Barcelona : Fundació Bernat Metge, 2015. discerning readers today - a must-have for ISBN 9788498592504 any collector of Kingsley. Originally published in 1853, we proudly republish Kalderon, M.E. Form without matter : this scarce classic with a new introductory Empedocles and Aristotle on color biography of the author. Charles Kingsley perception was a priest of the Church of England, Oxford : Oxford University Press. 2015. historian, a university professor, novelist, ISBN: 978-0-19-178737-9 and close friend of Charles Darwin. Other Summary: Mark Eli Kalderon presents an notable works by Kingsley include: The original study in the philosophy of Water-Babies (1863), Hereward the Wake: perception written in the medium of "Last of the English" (1866) and Westward historiography. He considers the Ho! (1855). phenomenology and metaphysics of sensory presentation through the LAURENT. R. "AN INTRODUCTION TO examination of an ancient aporia. ARISTOTLE’S METAPHYSICS OF TIME. Specifically, he argues that a puzzle about Historical research into the mythological perception at a distance is behind and astronomical conceptions that Empedocles' theory of vision. Empedocles preceded Aristotle’s philosophy." conceives of perception as a mode of VILLEGANONS-PLAISANCE EDITIONS. material assimilation, but this raises a 2015. puzzle about color vision, since color Abstract: This study of Greek time before vision seems to present colors that inhere Aristotle’s philosophy starts with a in distant objects. But if the colors inhere commentary on his first text, the in distant objects how can they be taken in Protrepticus. We shall see two distinct by the organ of sight and so be palpable to forms of time emerge: one initiatory, sense? Aristotle purports to resolve this circular and Platonic in inspiration, the puzzle in his definition of perception as the other its diametrical opposite, advanced by assimilation of sensible form without the Aristotle. We shall explore this dichotomy matter of the perceived particular. Aristotle through a return to poetic conceptions. explicitly criticizes Empedocles, though he The Tragedians will give us an initial is keen to retain the idea that outline of the notion of time in the Greek perception is a mode of assimilation, if not world (Fate); we shall then turn to Homer a material mode. Aristotle's notorious in order to better grasp the complex definition has long puzzled commentators. relations between time and the religious Kalderon shows how, read in light of sphere (the Hero); the work of the great Empedoclean puzzlement about the theologian Hesiod will confirm this sensory presentation of remote objects, initiatory vision, later set out in remarkable Aristotle's definition of perception can be fashion by Nietzsche (Myths); we shall better understood. Moreover, when so then dive deep into Pythagoreanism to

23 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 complete our account (Mysteries). Having who, as a symbol of the figure of the world understood this current of thought, with the sun in the centre, erected a powerfully influenced by the Iranian temple in honour of Vesta, of a round theogony, we shall be able to discern its form, and ordained perpetual fire to be clear differences from the so-called kept in the middle of it. “Ionian” current, and thus to move away from Plato (Ideology). Lastly, we shall Papastathopulos, S. Pythagoras kai return to the early Ionian thinkers Thales Pythagorismoi. Se parartema. and Anaximander to analyse whether this Apospasmata peri Pythagoru really was the vision of the world that Athena : : Ekdoseis Odos Panos. 2015. Aristotle adopted in developing the first ISBN 9789604771837 model of time (Science). In the second volume we shall see the return of the Partch, H. Two studies on ancient Greek thought of the theologoi within the scales : for harmonic canon II and bass Aristotelian corpus itself, and will question marimba our distinction between the being and Mainz : Schott, 2015. (1945, rev. 1951) existence of time. Contents: http://editions- 1. Olympos' Pentatonic villegagnons.com/philosophy.htm 2. Archytas' Enharmonic. With a foreword by Charles Corey in Lutkie, T. Pythagoras in mozaïek : 100 English, German and French. Printed from jaar loge the composer's manuscript. Both Amstelveen : FAMA, maçonnieke instruments were inventions of Partch. uitgeverij. 2015 The Harmonic Canon II consists of two large resonating boxes with 44 parallel Newton, I. The System of the World strings. Duration ca. 3 minutes. Milano : Isaac Newton, 2015. ISBN 9786050374889 Porter, D. "Facsimile of LJS 438, The System of the World by Isaac Newton. Neoplatonic and neopythagorean Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was an translations" English physicist and mathematician who Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript is widely recognised as one of the most Studies (SIMS): EBooks. 2015. Book 68. influential scientists of all time and as a http://repository.upenn.edu/sims_ebooks/6 key figure in the scientific revolution. This 8 great work supplied the momentum for the Comments; Collection of translations of Scientific Revolution and dominated Greek works in the traditions of Plato and physics for over 200 years. It was the Pythagoras, originally translated into Latin ancient opinion of not a few, in the earliest mostly in Florence in the 1460s and ages of philosophy, that the fixed stars 1470s, with various connections to the stood immoveable in the highest parts of Accademia platonica under the auspices the world; that, under the fixed stars the of Cosimo de' Medici. The manuscript is in planets were carried about the sun; that 2 sections: the first is a group of works the earth, us one of the planets, described translated by Marsilio Ficino for Johannes an annual course about the sun, while by Cavalcanti (both members of the a diurnal motion it was in the mean time Accademia), including De Platonis revolved about its own axis; and that the definitionibus by Speusippus and an sun, as the common fire which served to epitome of Plato's works by Alcinous, warm the whole, was fixed in the centre of which were first available in Greek in the universe. This was the philosophy Florence in 1462. The second includes taught of old by Philolaus, Aristarchus of short works by Lucian of Samosata, Samos, Plato in his riper years, and the translated by Antonio Pacini, also known whole sect of the Pythagoreans; and this as Tudertinus, for Rodolfo Lotto and was the judgment of Anaximander, more Petrus Pazus (Piero Pazzi?); a work on ancient than any of them; and of that wise friendship by Plutarch, translated by king of the Romans, Numa Pompilius, Guarino Veronese, an early humanist

24 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 student and teacher of Greek, for his und Ermahnungen, die weit mehr patron Leonello d'Este; and a work on voraussetzen als sie sagen. Das öffnet ein Virgil by Cristoforo Landini (another weites Feld der Interpretation und member of the Accademia). Occasional Relecture, die in der offenen Form der marginal notes in multiple hands. Sammlung vor allem durch Vermehrung, Verminderung oder Umgruppierung des Schölles, M. Warum gibt es überhaupt Spruchmaterials stattfindet. Die dem Vieles und nicht nur Eines? : Archytas und Philosophen Sextus zugeschriebenen die Pluralität des Seins Sprüche stellen ein bemerkenswertes Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. Beispiel für eine christlich überarbeitete 2015. Spruchsammlung der Kaiserzeit dar. Sie Die Dissertation stellt sich zur Aufgabe, haben pythagoreische Vorläufer und die zentralen Theoreme des alten (= wirken über Evagrius Ponticus im vorplatonischen) Pythagoreismus unter christlichen Mönchtum fort. Der Band einer einheitlichen ontologischen zeichnet diese Entwicklungslinien nach. Fragestellung zu interpretieren: Warum gibt es überhaupt Vieles und nicht nur Sirianni Artese, P. Etica del femminile Eines? Dreh- und Angelpunkt der nella scuola di Pitagora Erörterung ist Archytas aus Tarent, weil er Calabria Letteraria. 2013. die reife Phase des alten Pythagoreismus, ISBN: 9788875742676. fast schon den Umschlag in ein neues, Un patrimonio di scrittura femminile von Platon geprägtes Paradigma, recuperato attraverso un lavoro di ricerca verkörpert. Die verschiedenen che ne rivela il valore storico come fatto Strömungen vor ihm sind hier in eccezionale per la cultura ellenica. Lo ausgezeichneter Weise versammelt. scenario è quello dell'apertura alle donne Zudem finden wir bei Archytas eine della "Scuola Italica" di Pitagora. È dalla besonders elaborierte Form des Denkens vicina Samo che, intorno al 536 a.C., in Verhältnissen, Harmonien und Pitagora giunge a Crotone, laddove inizia Analogien. Es wird gezeigt, daß Archytas la sua opera di rigenerazione socio-politica mit der Frage nach der Vielheit auf della città. Un progetto di rinnovamento verschiedenen Ebenen konfrontiert ist. che pone in primo piano la responsabilità Dabei sind im Wesentlichen drei Weisen soggettiva abbandonando la concezione di von Pluralität zu unterscheiden: 1. die attribuzione di ogni comportamento umano Vielheit als ›substanzielle‹ Vielheit, 2. die al Fato o agli Dei. Ecco il teorema Vielheit als Rhythmus einer ursprünglichen dell'etica fondata sulla sapienza. E Zeit (im Werden und Vergehen), 3. die Pitagora non consente che le donne, sulla Vielheit im raumzeitlichen Kontinuum. cui intelligenza non nutre alcun Sachliche Anknüpfungspunkte für diesen pregiudizio, rimangano escluse dalla Problemkomplex findet die Arbeit bei svolta storica. Testimonianze di questo Leibniz (Monadologie), Nietzsche universo femminile proiettato nella nuova (Zeitatomenlehre) und Heidegger (Geviert- dimensione di affermazione del proprio Konzeption). essere, i dialoghi delle allieve di Pitagora in frammenti epistolari di cui l'autrice del Sextus, Die Sextussprüche und ihre libro ci regala anche i testi originali Verwandten Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2015, Stanulonis, C. Pythagoras the Musician. ISBN 9783161536571 Diss. 2015. In Antike und Mittelalter waren Baylor University. 2015 Sammlungen von Sprüchen Abstract; It is contested whether or not (Gnomen/Sentenzen) eine beliebte Form the mathematical and scientific strain of der Gebrauchsliteratur. Als Texte erhoben the Pythagorean tradition could have sie keinen hohen literarischen Anspruch. belonged along with the mythological and Das heißt aber nicht, dass ihr Inhalt immer religious strain to the original sect. leicht zu verstehen ware. Oft handelt es Denying the mathematic tradition to sich um sprachlich verdichtete Einsichten original Pythagoreanism is often based

25 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 upon assumptions that privilege one form Online-Ausg.: ISBN: 9781501502811; of mathematics over another. But the Druckausg.: ISBN: 9781501510861 Pythagorean conception of number need La théorie pythagoricienne dite de not be judged by the standard of “l’harmonie des Sphères“ devait connaître deductive, axiomatic geometry, the une postérité remarquable. Contrairement paradigmatic mathematics of ancient à l’aspect scientifique de la théorie, sa Greece; instead, it can be considered as a formulation mythique, à savoir “l’harmonie practice which shares many of the des Sirènes”, n’a pas reçu de la part des characteristics of Greek arithmetic. This is chercheurs l’intérêt qu’elle mérite. Ce livre because early Pythagorean figured offre pour la première fois une étude numbers and later Greek arithmetic share systématique de “l’harmonie des Sirènes” a non-verbal and intuitive nature in accord dans la République de Platon et dans la with number understood through musical, Vie pythagoricienne de Jamblique. poetic expression rather than through the strict, logical language upon which the Wilczek, F. A beautiful question : finding geometry relies. This thesis will argue that nature's deep design the practice of measuring the numerical Allen Lane. 2015. ratios of musical intervals may have been ISBN 9781846147012 and 7029 (e-book) a kind of exemplar of scientific inquiry that Summary: Does the universe embody acted as the catalyst for Pythagorean beautiful ideas? Artists as well as philosophical development. In addition, scientists throughout human history have because these musical intervals were the pondered this "beautiful question." living, pulsing heart of moral, religious, With Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek as your poetic, and communal life for members of guide, embark on a voyage of related the Pythagorean sect, their Pythagoreans’ discoveries, from Plato and Pythagoras up understanding of their relationship to what to the present. Wilczek’s ground-breaking they measured in mathematical terms work in quantum physics was inspired by would be radically different from the his intuition to look for a deeper order of understanding of philosophers whose beauty in nature. In fact, every major methods began with geometry. Thus, the advance in his career came from this privileged place of music as part of both intuition: to assume that the universe aspects of the Pythagorean experience— embodies beautiful forms, forms whose the scientific and the religious—may have hallmarks are symmetry--harmony, allowed for two modes of expression—the balance, proportion--and economy. There philosophical and the mythological—to are other meanings of "beauty," operate within the same system of but this is the deep logic of the universe-- thought. and it is no accident that it is also at the heart of what we find aesthetically Thorogood, A. Ars notoria : the notory art pleasing and inspiring. As he reveals here, of Solomon / Apollonius, of Tyana; this has been the heart of scientific pursuit Cyprian Leowitz; Robert Turner; Frederick from Pythagoras, the ancient Greek who Hockley; Alan Thorogood; Robin E was the first to argue that "all things are Cousins number," to Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, York Beach, ME : The Teitan Press, 2015. Einstein, and into the deep waters of Introduction / -- "The philomath" : in twentieth-century physics. Gorgeously search of Robert Turner of Holshot / illustrated, A Beautiful Question is a mind- Robert E. Cousins -- Transcription of the shifting book that braids the age-old quest manuscript -- Facsimile of the manuscript for beauty and the age-old quest for truth by Frederick Hockley. into a thrilling synthesis. Yes: the world is a work of art, and its deepest truths are Viltanioti, Eirini-Foteini L'harmonie des ones we already feel, as if they were Sirènes du pythagorisme ancien à Platon somehow written in our souls.--From Boston : Walter de Gruyter. 2015. Studia publisher description. Praesocratica 7. ISBN: 9781501502798;

26 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Wiser, J.F. Les archives de Pythagore Book reviews: http://www.lulu.com/shop/jean-françois- wiser/les-archives-de- Horky, P.S. Plato and Pythagoreanism. pythagore/paperback/product- Oxford University Press, 2013. 22491718.html Reviewed by: Cornelli, Gabriele. 2e édition , revue et augmentée. 2015. American Journal of Philology. 2015, ISBN 9781326488161 136,2, p 353-357. Il faut aimer avant que de comprendre. La Reviewed by: Bossi, Beatriz. quête de la vérité est une aventure The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 2015, passionnelle, et la philosophie, un 135, p 289-290. engagement total. Telles sont les valeurs qui marquèrent le destin exceptionnel de Huffman, C. (edited by). 2014. A Pythagore, dont le génie n'a d'égal que le History of Pythagoreanism. mystère qui l'entoure. Voici un livre Reviewed by: Giulia De Cesaris atypique, qui renouvelle intégralement PLATO JOURNAL. 2014, 14, p 101-103 l'approche d'une énigme vieille de vingt- cinq siècles. Parfaitement documenté, MacLennan, B.J. The Wisdom of mais résolument affranchi des conventions Hypatia: Ancient Spiritual Practices for et des stéréotypes d'une certaine tradition a More Meaningful Life, written by intellectualiste venue d'Aristote, il ouvre Bruce J.. 2013. sur la "question pythagorique" des Reviewed by: Deepa Majumdar perspectives inédites qui devraient -enfin- The International Journal of the Platonic permettre à chacun de pénétrer, pour son Tradition. 2015, 9, 2, p 261-265 plus grand profit, dans l'intimité de la pensée du Maître de Samos. Pomeroy, S.B. Pythagorean Women. Their History and Writings, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2013 Reviewed by: Centrone, B. AHB. Online Reviews. 2014, 4, p 45-47 Reviewed by: Riedweg, C.A. The Classical Review. 2015,65,1,p96-97. Reviewed by: Taylor, C. Women's History Review. 2015, 24, 3, p 454-456

Schofield, M. (ed.), Aristotle, Plato and Pythagoreanism in the first century BC. New directions for philosophy, Cambridge University Press 2013 Reviewed by: Constantinos Macris Classical Review. 2015, 65, 2, p. 393-395.

Vinel (N.) (ed., trans.) Jamblique: In Nicomachi arithmeticam . (Mathematica Graeca Antiqua 3.) Pp. 348. Pisa and Rome: Fabrizio Serra Editore, 2014. Reviewed by: Dominic O'Meara The Classical Review. 2015, 65, p 401-2

27 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

BOOK CHAPTERS

Babich, B. 14. Becoming and Purification: In: Angels, Demons and Representations Empedocles, Zarathustra's Ubermensch, of afterlife within the Jewish, Pagan and and Lucian's Tyrant p 245-262 Christian Imagery / I. Moga (Coord.). In: Nietzsche and the becoming of life / Editura Universitatii Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Vanessa Lemm 2013. New York : Fordham University Press, 2015. ISBN 9780823262861 Bernabe, A. “Pitagóricos en la comedia “Who is Nietzsche’s Zarathustra?” griega”, p 477-483 Heidegger once asked, reminding us as In: A. Martínez Fernández, B. Ortega he sought to pose this question that qua Villaro, H. Velasco López, H. Zamora advocate,¹ Zarathustra takes the part of, or Salamanca (eds.), Ágalma. Ofrenda desde speaks on behalf of, others. Heidegger’s la Filología Clásica a Manuel García question permits us to ask about Teijeiro, Valladolid, 2014, Zarathustra’s style as a “rhetor,” an orator, a speaker. When we readThus Spoke BERNABÉ PAJARES, A. Zarathustra, what does it mean that VEGETARIANISMO EN GRECIA: Nietzsche tells us that his IMPLICACIONES RELIGIOSAS, ÉTICAS Zarathustraspeaks? What does it mean Y SOCIALES p 27 - 47 that he tells us that Zarathustra 1. Introducción 27 conscientiously, deliberately speaks 2. Noticias sobre la abstención de carne “otherwise” to his disciples and to the entre los griegos 28 general public than he does to himself (ZII 2.1. Confusiones entre órficos y “On Redemption”)? And what is the role pitagóricos 28 of... 2.2. La abstención de carne entre los órficos 29 Bakhouche, B. Quelques remarques sur 2.3. La abstención de carne entre los les présocratiques à Rome: la figure pitagóricos 31 d'Empedocle de Cicéron à saint Augustin 2.4. La abstención de carne en p 53-71 Empédocles 32 In: Eugenio Amato (ed.), ΕΝ ΚΑΛΟΙΣ 2.5. Una creencia compartida 33 ΚΟΙΝΟΠΡΑΓΙΑ: hommages à la mémoire 2.6. Conclusiones sobre la abstención de de Pierre-Louis Malosse et Jean carne 35 Bouffartigue. Revue des Études Tardo- 3. Fundamentos ideológicos y religiosos antiques Supplément, 3. del vegetarianismo 35 Nanterre: Textes pour l'Histoire de 3.1. Razones del vegetarianismo en los l'Antiquité Tardive, 2014. ISBN órficos 35 9782955123706. 3.2. Fundamentos del vegetarianismo en Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study Empédocles 38 the references to Empedocles’ philosophy 3.3. Fundamentos ideológicos del in a few Latin texts. We shall analyze not vegetarianismo entre los pitagóricos 39 only doxographic passages but also 3.4. La dieta cereal y la política 40 quotations of Empedoclean fragments and 4. Falta de continuación del commentaries. We will show that what is vegetarianismo 44 said about Empedoclean system concerns 5. Colofón 45 essentially the daimon and the becoming Bibliografía 46 of soul, its immortality and the In: Alimentación, creencias y diversidad metempsychosis – all points that connect cultural this philosopher to another Presocratic Valencia : Tirant lo Blanch. 2015. philosopher, Pythagoras. ISBN/ISSN: 9788416062676

Belousov, A. Some Aspects of Philostratean Religiosity: Spiritual Sacrifice and Love to God p. 163-176.

28 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Biondi, F. Teagene e la filosofia pitagorica what is known of her learning and her p 98 – 104 public utterances (mostly from Christian In: Teagene di Reggio rapsodo e sources) in the context of fifth-century inteprete di Omero Alexandria. It discusses the role of women Pisa : Fabrizio Serra editore. 2015. in late antique society and identifies the Series 1: Syncrisis; 2 few women philosophers. It describes the Notes: Theagenes ho Rheginos (ca. 6th preparation of texts of ancient cent. B.C.). mathematical classics, especially ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-6227-716-7 Ptolemy’s Almagest, in late antiquity. Hypatia’s father and tutor, Theon, Bottazzin, U. III. L'incommensurabile. prepared a commentary on the Almagest Pitagora tra storia e mito.- Numeri figurati. to which Hypatia may have contributed, - «Logos», «alogos». - Terne pitagoriche. - and the influence of father and daughter Problemi diofantei. P 55 – 85 on Synesius, later a Christian bishop, is In: Numeri. 2015. Intersezioni. discussed. Hypatia’s death, brutal as it ISBN/ISSN: 9788815254146 was, arose out of the anti-Jewish riots of 415 and the feud between patriarch Cyril Braccini, S. XII. Le parole dei sapienti: of Alexandria and the governor Orestes. Empedocle p 233 – 244 In: Contro la necessità : omaggio a Giorgio CARLINI, A. Gli Aurea verba pitagorici e Colli le Definizioni di Speusippo: Not e sulla Firenze : Il Ponte editore. 2015. fonte greca e sulle diverse redazioni della ISBN 978-88-88861-52-4 versione fìciniana p 93 – 106 In: Il ritorno dei classici nell'Umanesimo : Brandão, A.P. A quocientalização studi in memoria di Gianvito Resta numérica —o pitagorismo arquitectónico Firenze : SISMEL · edizioni del Galluzzo. p 75 - 90 2015. In: Leon Battista Alberti : retrato de um Collected essays. G. Resta (1921-2011). arquitecto renascentista ISBN 978-88-8450-477-7 Casal de Cambra, Portugal : Caleidoscópio. 2015. Concolino, D. 3. Pitagora e Platone: i ISBN 9789896583033 numeri come ponti p 35 – 48 In: Dio e i numeri incapaci : sulla relazione CALAME, C. Procedure inniche nei versi tra matematica e vita ecclesiale dei sophoi cosmologi. Pragmatica della Soveria Mannelli : Rubbettino. 2015. poesia didascalica (da Esiodo e Teognide ISBN 9788849842517 a Empedocle e Parmenide) p 151-160 In: Mythologeîn : mito e forme di discorso CORNELLI, G. Aristotele e i miti nel mondo antico : studi in onore di pitagorici p 147 – 156 Giovanni Cerri. In: Seconda navigazione : omaggio a Pisa : Fabrizio Serra editore. 2015. Giovanni Reale Series 1: AION. Quaderni. Milano : VP, Vita e pensiero. 2015. ISBN 9788862277389 Series 1: Temi metafisici e problemi del pensiero antico. ISBN 9788834329610 Cameron, A. 9. Hypatia: Life, Death, and Works p 185-204 Cornelli, G. A Vida de Pitágoras de In: Wandering poets and other essays on Diógenes Laércio: questões sobre a late Greek literature and philosophy recepção do pitagorismo no período New York, NY : Oxford University Press, imperial p 247 – 266 2015. ISBN 9780190268954 In: Dos Homens e suas Ideias Estudos Hypatia has been regarded historically as sobre as Vidas de Diógenes Laércio. 2013 a pagan martyr, a great mathematician Abstract: The aim of this paper is relatively murdered by Christians, provoked by her restrained: it should be considered a outspokenness and jealous of her preparatory study on the translation of brilliance. The chapter, however, places Book VIII of the Lives of Diogenes

29 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Laertius, within which one can find a Life Roma : BastogiLibri. 2015. Series 1: Studi of Pythagoras. The main objective is to esoterici. ISBN/ISSN: 9788898457687 raise the fundamental features of this Life of Pythagoras in the panorama of Giangiulio, M. philosophical Lives from Imperial Era, 5. Crotone: dal carisma di Pitagora al more in general, and specifically of the potere del popolo Pythagorean ones. Trasformazioni - La "costituzione dei padri" e il potere pitagorico - Verso il Cucinotta, E. Capitolo 1 nuovo regime. Dalla memoria alla storia - La poesia storica nel V secolo: Frinico, Capi del popolo, potere dei cittadini e Epicarmo ed Empedocle p 11-45 tensioni sociali p 97 - 114 1. Frinico: le guerre persiane in tragedia - 7. Trasformazione e stabilità: Taranto 2. Epicarmo e la commedia storica - democratica p 129 - 147 3. Empedocle e le guerre persiane Una società coloniale: le élite, il territorio, In: Produzione poetica e storia nella gli indigeni - Guerra e mutamento politico prassi e nella teoria greca di età classica / - Una democrazia guidata da un filosofo: Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2014. l'età di Archita - Del buon uso della (Premio Tesi di Dottorato; 40) ricchezza: politica e stabilità sociale In: Democrazie greche : Atene, Sicilia, Davies, R. La recezione delle Magna Grecia argomentazioni etiche di Eudosso di Cnido Roma : Carocci editore. 2015. tra l'Accademia e il Liceo p 157 - 200 Series 1: Studi superiori; 1006. In: Seconda navigazione : omaggio a ISBN 978-88-430-7830-1 Giovanni Reale Milano : VP, Vita e pensiero. 2015. Gregory, A. The Pythagoreans: number Series 1: Temi metafisici e problemi del and numerology pensiero antico In: Mathematicians and their Gods : ISBN 9788834329610 interactions between mathematics and religious beliefs / edited by Snezana Diogenes, Laertius Lawrence and Mark McCartney. 2015. Achtes Buch: Pythagoras, Empedokles, ISBN: 9780198703051 Epicharmos, Archytas, Alkmaion, Hippasos, Philolaus, Eudoxus Gysens-Gosselin, M. p 437 – 480 Chapter 4. Antiquity; Philosophers of In: Leben und Meinungen berühmter nature: man a natural phenomenon; Philosophen / Diogenes Laertius. In der Pythagoras. A new type of philosophy; Übers. von Otto Apelt unter Mitarb. von Plato. An idealistic conception of the Hans Günter Zekl. world; Aristotle; Neo-Platonism. A long- Hamburg : Meiner. 2015. lasting world view p 75-104 ISBN: 9783787318810 In: Homo sapiens, a problematic species : an essay in philosophical anthropology. DOWDEN, K. Kalasiris, Apollonios of Lanham : University Press of America. Tyana, and the Lies of Teiresias 2015. p 1 - 16 This book evaluates the Western In: Holy men and charlatans in the ancient conception of man. After having examined novel. primitive thought in which Nature Eelde, the Netherlands : Groningen : comprises everything that exists, including Barkhuis ; Groningen University Library, man, the author explains why in Western 2015. ISBN 9789491431906 thought man is usually not only different from Nature, but opposed to it, which may Giacomo, V. de APOLLONIO DI TIANA have grave consequences to Nature's fate VEGGENTE E TAUMATURGO Prodigi a Roma «Poiché non sono Hiltbrunner, M. Gespräch mit Christoph mortale» p 130 - 138 Riedweg. Abstraktion und Körperlichkeit In: Roma dei misteri bei Pythagoras p 117 - 125

30 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

In: Das Dreieck der Liebe. Almagest. Its foundations include Zürich : Verlag Scheidegger & Spiess AG. assumptions expressed, albeit sometimes 2015. ISBN 978-3-85881-506-4 briefly and in passing, in the Almagest and Körperlichkeit und Abstraktion in der in works that PtolemyPtolemy composed Zürcher Kunst. Konkrete Kunst und die before the Almagest, as well as ideas that Sinnlichkeit der Körper: Finden sie in der were already current in Platonist and Mystik zusammen? Ein Buch zur Peripatetic philosophy before Ptolemy Vereinigung der vermeintlichen Ptolemy ’s time, for which we have a Gegensätze. valuable witness in the one surviving work by the Platonist philosopher Theon of Huffman, C.A. Mathematics in Plato’s SmyrnaTheon of Smyrna . This paper Republic p 211 - 226 attempts to delineate some of this In: The frontiers of ancient science : background and to show what elements essays in honor of Heinrich von Staden. were indeed new in the Planetary Berlin ; München ; Boston, Mass. : De Hypotheses. Gruyter. 2015. ISBN: 9783110336344 Online-Ausg.: ISBN: 9783110336337 Kelli, R. Sight & the Presocratics: Approaches to Visual Perception in Early lerodiakonou, K. Hellenistic Philosophers Greek Philosophy p 36-53 on the Phenomenon of Changing Colors In: Sight and the Ancient Senses / p 227 – 250 Michael Squire (ed.) In: The frontiers of ancient science : Routledge. 2015. essays in honor of Heinrich von Staden. Research Interests: Optics, Presocratic Berlin ; München ; Boston, Mass. : De Philosophy, History of the Senses, Ancient Gruyter. 2015. ISBN: 9783110336344 Philosophy, Ancient Greek Philosophy, Online-Ausg.: ISBN: 9783110336337 Presocratics, The Senses, and Sight

Jones, A. Theon of Smyrna and Ptolemy Kemezis, A.M. on Celestial Modelling in Two and Three 4. Philostratus’ Apollonius: Hellenic Dimensions p 75-103 perfection on an imperial stage p 150 – 95 In: Mathematizing Space : The Objects of App 2. The dates and addressees of Geometry from Antiquity to the Early Philostratus’ Apollonius and Sophists Modern Age De Risi, Vincenzo (Ed.) 2015. p 294 - 297 Summary: Ptolemy, as is well known, In: Greek Narratives of the Roman Empire devoted the great part of his Almagest under the Severans: Cassius Dio, (properly, Mathematical Composition) to Philostratus and Herodian. Greek culture modelling the motions of the Sun, Moon, in the Roman world. and planets by means of combinations of Cambridge; New York: Cambridge circular motions that are represented in his University Press. 2014. geometrical analyses by two-dimensional ISBN 9781107062726 assemblages of circles, straight lines, and According to Felix Jacoby’s standard points. It is a little less well known that his collection of fragmentary Greek historians, later work, the Planetary Hypotheses, there are two historians named proposed systems of three-dimensional Philostratus. The first was apparently a bodies, composed of ether (αἰθήρ, the Hellenistic writer on Phoenician and Indian Aristotelian fifth, celestial element) and events, and is known only from two brief having spherical and planar surfaces, that references in Josephus; the second lived were supposed to be the physical realities in the late third century ad and described performing the various revolutions that the the Roman–Persian wars of that period. Almagest’s circles describe geometrically. Neither man is the subject of this chapter. The three-dimensional, physical That man, the author of the Sophists and cosmology of the Planetary Hypotheses the Apollonius, is a considerably better was not an abrupt innovation that known author, but would never have been PtolemyPtolemy imposed after the fact on considered for inclusion among Jacoby’s the geometrical theories he worked out the fragmentary Greek historians, and not only

31 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 because his works survive complete. Klotter, C. Die Folgen des There is also an objection on grounds of pythagoreischen und platonischen genre. It is not easy to say exactly what Denkens auf die Krankheitsprävention genre Philostratus should be placed in. He p 55 – 63 can be read as biographer, but also In: Fragmente einer Sprache des Essens cultural critic, religious propagandist or : ein Rundgang durch eine essgestörte antiquarian. “Historian,” however, seems Gesellschaft clearly excluded. Historiography as Wiesbaden : Springer VS. 2015. Online- conceived in antiquity was restricted to Ausg.: ISBN: 9783658070656 works that dealt primarily with political and ISBN 978-3-658-07064-9 military events, and our Philostratus would not have seen himself as writing in the Kumar, K. P. same genre as Thucydides, or for that Kapitel 2. 12 Pythagoras und das Symbol matter Cassius Dio. Thus his inclusion der Tetraktys p 86 - 100 here alongside two orthodox political In: Die Sonne – das bin ich. historians may seem incongruous. This Wermelskirchen : Ed. Kulapati. 2015. study, however, is not strictly speaking of ISBN 978-3-930637-66-9 a genre, but rather of a cultural phenomenon as expressed in literature, Künne, T. Die himmlischen Klänge der and in this respect the writings of Planeten. Eine Zeitreise von Pythagoras Philostratus have much in common with bis Cousto - Die überirdisch harmonische those of Dio and Herodian. Ordnung der Sphärenmusik - »... was die In spite of the generic barriers mentioned Welt im Innersten zusammenhält« - Alles here, scholarship on Philostratus has not auf einen Blick: Übersicht der neglected his affinities with historiography. Planetenfrequenzen p 99 – 130 In particular, a discussion of the question In: Die Schwingung der Archetypen : die can profitably start from Ewen Bowie’s Resonanz der Planetentöne in Astrologie, insight, in his 1970 article on “Greeks and Mythologie und Klangarbeit their Past in the Second Sophistic,” that “it Tübingen : Chiron-Verl. 2015. is in Philostratus’s Lives of the Sophists … ISBN 978-3-89997-234-4 that a substitute for a Greek political and cultural history of the recent past is most Leone, M. Pitagora e la sua setta clearly found.” Bowie immediately adds p 14 – 27 that one might say much the same about In: Misteri antichi e moderni : indagine the Apollonius. As he points out, the sulle società segrete question is the more interesting in that, Torino : Yume. 2015. Series 1: Misteri. after the first century bc, a conventional (in ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-98862-17-7 ancient terms) history of the Greek world could not exist, because Roman conquest Marcone, A. Capitolo 11. «Il nuovo had deprived the Greeks of a collective Empedocle». A proposito di Temistio Or. political existence. 5, 79b, di Augusto Guida p 240 - 251 KLÄFKER, H. Traum, Unsterblichkeit, In: L'imperatore Giuliano : realtà storica e Sphärenharmonie. Das Somnium rappresentazione Scipionis aus Ciceros De republica Firenze : Le Monnier Università. 2015. p 85 – 92 ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-00-74586-4 In: "Ich bin im Gebiet der Poesie sehr freiheitsliebend" : Bausteine für eine Martín Prieto, P. intellektuelle Biographie Charlotte von 1. EL PUNTO DE PARTIDA: EL TESORO Schillers. MATEMÁTICO DE LA ANTIGUA GRECIA Jena : Garamond, Der Introducción. Tales de Mileto - Pitágoras Wissenschaftsverlag. 2015. (y los pitagóricos) - Platón - Euclides y ISBN 978-3-944830-78-0 sus Elementos - Cuadro general de la difusión y posteridad de los Elementos hasta el Renacimiento - Arquímedes 51

32 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

La astronomía griega antigua y la escuela gleichmässig behandelt, seine de Alejandría - Apolonio y las cónicas - theologischen Aussagen sogar Nicómaco y los contenidos de la aritmética weitgehend marginalisiert worden. Eben griega - Nicómaco y la aritmología o deshalb unternimmt es das vorliegende numerología - Apéndice sobre escritura Buch, Heraklits Theologik philologisch de números en la antigua Grecia genau und systematisch-philosophisch p 19 – 78 umfassend zu entfalten. Besonders geht In: Las matemáticas en la Edad Media : es um den Gottesbegriff, der bei Heraklit una historia de las matemáticas en la derart sorgfältig austariert ist, dass er zeit- Edad Media occidental und kulturübergreifend jeder Madrid : La Ergástula. 2015. religionsphilosophischen Theorie Series 1: Biblioteca básica; 7. zugrundegelegt werden kann. Darum ISBN/ISSN: 9788416242115 versucht das vorliegende Werk, die moderne Religionsphilosophie mit Hilfe Menn, S. How Archytas Doubled the von Heraklits Gottesbegriff zu Cube p 407- 436 ungewohnter Geschlossenheit zu führen. In: The frontiers of ancient science : essays in honor of Heinrich von Staden. Roose, A. « C'est pourquoy Pythagoras Berlin ; München ; Boston, Mass. : De ordonne aux jeunes gens cinq années de Gruyter. 2015. ISBN: 9783110336344 silence » p 151 – 158 Online-Ausg.: ISBN: 9783110336337 In: La curiosité de Montaigne : regardez dans vous, reconnoissez vous, tenez vous à vous PASCHALIS, M. Apollonius of Tyana as Paris : H. Champion. 2015. Proteus: theios anēr or Master of Deceit? Bibliothèque littéraire de la Renaissance. p 133 - 150 La librairie de Montaigne; 88. In: Holy men and charlatans in the ancient ISBN/ISSN: 9782745327413 novel. Eelde, the Netherlands : Groningen : Sargolini, F. Barkhuis ; Groningen University Library, 3. L'armonia matematica della musica: una 2015. ISBN 9789491431906 prospettiva storica, p 76 - 86 3.1. Le origini del legame musica- Prini, P. matematica Capitolo tre. La Scuola di Pitagora - Da 3.2.1 "numeri sonori" dei pitagorici Samo a Crotone - La comunità pitagorica 3.3. Musica ed astronomia: la tradizione - La divina proporzione del mondo dell'armonia delle sfere p 76 – 86 3.4. La polemica tra Zarlino e V. Galilei: il In: Ventisei secoli nel mondo dei filosofi passaggio dalla matematica alla fisica Caltanissetta : Salvatore Sciascia editore. 3.5. Galileo Galilei: dalla magia dei numeri 2015. Series 1: Percorsi filosofici italiani; 1 alla materialità del suono ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-8241-455-9 In: Strumenti per la didattica della matematica : ricerche, esperienza, buone Reinhardt, H. pratiche 3. Exkurs 1: Pythagoras bei Heraklit - ein Milano : F. Angeli. 2015. Series 1: Scienze weiterer Grund für Piaton, Heraklit zu della formazione; 139 marginalisieren? P 74 - 83 ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-204-2024-6 In: Der Gott Heraklits. Fribourg : Acad. Press. 2015. Schlanger, J. VI. Le pseudo-Empédocle ISBN 978-3-7278-1747-2 L'opinion d'Empédocle - L'opinion de Heraklit, der frühgriechische Denker aus Pythagore (extraits) - D'autres auteurs Ephesos, hat in seinen ca. 130 sur le pseudo-Empédocle p 84 - 93 überlieferten Sätzen Erkenntnisse In: La philosophie de Salomon ibn Gabirol formuliert, die bis heute die Philosophie Paris : Hermann. 2015. beschäftigen. Nicht alle sind jedoch in der Series 1: Philosophie. 2500 Jahre langen Rezeptionsgeschichte ISBN/ISSN: 9782705690892

33 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Schlapp, P. Erste Entwicklungsstufe Die Trento : Edizioni del Faro. 2015. Pythagoreische Tetraktys p 23 – 30 ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-6537-392-7 In: Die acht Stufen der menschlichen Entwicklung : der kosmische Tierkreis aus Vaglio, M.G. evolutionärer Sicht. Parte Seconda. La Magna Grecia Tübingen : Astronova. 2015. LA MAGNA GRECIA E L'OCCIDENTE ISBN 978-3-937077-79-6 Pitagora, il filosofo che generò il caos I Pitagorici alla guerra Schmutzer, M. E. A. La rivolta Kapitel 1. Das vergessene Vermächtnis Ippaso di Metaponto, l'uomo che fece der Hellenen p 45 – 67 arrabbiare Pitagora Archytas von Tarent. Archytas als Parmenide di Elea Mathematiker - Wissenschaftstheorie und Zenone, l'uomo della dialettica Naturwissenschaft - Harmonienlehre - Empedocle: l'amore, l'odio e la pazzia Zwischenbilanz - Oppositionelle p 71 - 122 Gastfreunde - Wissenschaftund Politik - In: Socrate, per esempio : altre storie dal Sophia passato In: Die Wiedergeburt der Wissenschaften Roma : Ultra. 2015. im Islam : Konsens und Widerspruch ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-6776-314-6 (idschma wa khilaf) Bielefeld : Transcript. 2015. Parallele Volk, K. Ausgabe(n): Online-Ausg.: ISBN: PART II. Roman Pythagoras 9783839431962; In: Roman reflections : essays on Latin ISBN 978-3-8376-3196-8 philosophy / edited by Gareth D. Williams and Katharina Volk. Sozzi. L. Beroaldo e i simboli pitagorici Oxford University Press. 2015. p 76 – 79 ISBN: 9780199999767 In: L'uomo microcosmo e altri saggi sulla Collection of 13 essays delivered at a civiltà del Rinascimento conference held at Columbia University in Bergamo : Moretti&Vitali. 2015. March 2012. ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-7186-597-3 Zanarini, G. Armonia del mondo Spaventa, S. Studi intorno alla filosofia I numeri di Pitagora - Musica e armonia pitagorica p 119-25 celeste - Armonia geometrica IIcanto dei In: Umanesimo napoletano. Giovanni pianeti - Polifonia - Die Harmonie der Pugliese Carratelli ; a cura di Gianfranco Welt - Kepler p 13 - 32 Maddoli In: Invenzioni a due voci : dialoghi tra Soveria Mannelli : Rubbettino. 2015. musica e scienza Series 1: Collezione di studi meridionali Roma : Carocci editore. 2015. ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-498-4468-9 Series 1: Città della scienza; 8 ISBN/ISSN: 978-88-430-7667-3 Spinelli, E. Sesto, Pitagora, la musica p 335-347 Zhmud, L. Phaenias’ Work On the In: ΚΑΛΛΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΡΕΤΗ/BELLEZZA E Socratics and His Fragment on Petron of VIRTÙ. Studi in onore di Maria Barbanti, a Himera (fr. 56A-B = fr. 12 Wehrli) cura di R. Loredana Cardullo e Daniele p. 273-288 Iozzia, Bonanno Editore, Catania 2014. In: Phaenias of Eresus. Text, Translation, ISBN 978-88-96950-18-0 and Discussion. Hellmann O., Mirhady D. (Eds.), Stanic, M. Il pentagono stellato della Rutgers University Studies in Classical scuola pitagorica p 153 – 154 Humanities, vol: 18, New Brunswick, In: La riforma keynesiana : analisi della London: Transaction Publishers, 2015. Teoria generale di J. M. Keynes

34 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Les Études platoniciennes 11 | 2014 AFONASINA, A. COULD IAMBLICHUS Platon et la psychè. Platon et ses HELP US TO UNDERSTAND ONE prédécesseurs II ANCIENT RELIEF? Sous la direction de Olivier Renaut ΣΧΟΛΗ (Schole). 2015, 9, 1, p 185–192 Le numéro XI des Etudes ABSTRACT. Describing Pythagoras’ Platoniciennes est le second numéro activities in Croton Iamblichus summarizes d'une série consacrée au thème "Platon et the content of his public speeches ses prédécesseurs" qui fut l'objet des addressed to young men, to the Thousand recherches présentées au Séminaire who governed the city, as well as children d'Études Platoniciennes de 2009 à 2012. and women of Croton. The earliest Ce numéro, qui a pour thème la psychè, evidences about the Pythagoras’ se propose de répondre à deux questions speeches, available to us are found in an : comment Platon, héritier d’un ensemble Athenian rhetorician and a pupil of complexe de croyances, de théories, et de Socrates Antisthenes (450–370 BCE), the représentations sur l’âme, peut-il nous historians Dicearchus and Timaeus, and aider à mieux comprendre, par les Isocrates. In the present paper I consider transformations qu’il fait subir aux the content of the Pythagoras’ speeches, prédécesseurs qu'il utilise, les auteurs pré- preserved by Iamblichus, in more details, platoniciens sur des éléments de leur in order to suggest a new interpretation of psychologie ? Comment d’autre part, the famous grave relief from the l’analyse des dispositifs de ces Antikensammlung, Berlin (Sk 1462). The transformations nous renseigne-t-elle sur relief, found in an “Olive grove on the road les véritables stratégies philosophiques to Eleusis” and dated to the first century platoniciennes pour édifier ses propres BCE, presents an image of a sitting half- théories sur l’âme ? À travers ce volume naked bearded man with a young man, se dessinent aussi les gestes qui ont also half-naked, standing behind his chair, conduit à reconnaître sous le terme de and a group of peoples consisting of a « psychologie » un ensemble de savoirs et child, an older man and a woman, de croyances dont Platon hérite, qu’il standing in front of him. Our attention véhicule, et contribue à transformer. attracts a big and clear im- age of the Olivier Renaut, Editorial Platon et la letter ‘Psi’ above the scene. The psychologie de ses prédécesseurs comparison of the content of Pythagoras’ Douglas Cairns, Ψυχή, Θυµός, and speeches with the picture given on the Metaphor in Homer and Plato relief allows us to interpret the image as Jaap Mansfeld, Alcmaeon and Plato on following: we suggest that the sitting man, Soul undoubtedly a philosopher, could be a Lucia Saudelli, Le « cadavre » chez Pythagorean or Pythagoras him- self; he is Platon : des images présocratiques et un attended by his pupil and gives speeches commentaire néoplatonicien, Platon, to different groups of peoples, symbolically Gorgias, 493 a-c represented as a young man, a public Radcliffe G. Edmonds III, A Lively agent, a woman and a child. Admittedly, Afterlife and Beyond : The Soul in Plato, the letter ‘Psi’ symbolizes the Pythagorean Homer, and the Orphica teaching about psyche (the soul), and the Anne-Laure Therme, Des racines relief itself, contrary to general opinion, empédocléennes chez Platon ? Échos was initially designed to adorn a school or critiques à Empédocle dans l’élaboration a private building rather than a funeral platonicienne de l’âme Empedoclean roots monument. An alternative interpretation in Plato? Critical echoes to Empedocles in suggested is that the sitting figure could be the Platonic elaboration of the soul a wandering physician. Filip Karfík, L’âme du monde : Platon, Anaxagore, Empédocle. The World Soul : Platon, Anaxagoras, Empedocles

35 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Afonasin, E. ‘Dicaearchus on the soul’, Abstract. Rhythmical phenomena are very Platonic Investigations (Moscow). 2015, 2, widespread: “rhythm is applied to bodies p 226-243 (in Russian). that do not move, as when we speak of a Abstract. A new edition of the extant statue having ‘good rhythm’, to anything evidence about Dicaearchus of Messana that moves, as when we speak of (Mirhady 2001) actualized a longstanding someone walking with ‘good rhythm’… in controversy over the Peripatetic teaching general rhythm is perceived by three on the soul. Did Dicaearchus indeed deem senses, which are these: sight, as in soul to be nothing at all? Did he accept dancing; hearing, as in melody; and touch, (against Aristotle) the ‘harmony’ theory of by which we perceive, for instance, the the soul? If so, what kind of harmony was pulsations of the arteries” (Aristides meant? The fragmentary nature of the Quintilianus, De Musica 1.13, Barker’s evidence for Dicaearchus admits, as it is translation). In his Elementa Rhythmica usually the case, various interpretations. the Peripatetic philosopher Aristoxenus Some scholars insist on fundamentally (the 4th century BCE) builds a general and conflicting nature of our evidence quite abstract theory of rhythm, treating it (Gottschalk 1971, Sharples 2001), others as a phenomenon, quite distinct from find it possible to produce a more coherent metre and musical intervals. Indeed, the picture and believe that the interpretative latter are perceived as quantifiers, difficulties are not, in fact, intractable inherently characteristic of verse and (Caston 2001 and the present writer). melody. On the contrary, rhythm does not Placing the controversy in the context of a inhere in a poem or musical composition debate over the nature of the soul within and must be imposed on them: in order to the Lyceum, we observe that against both perform a piece of poetry or music, Plato and Aristotle, Dicaearchus seems to especially if they involve a bodily develop a peculiar theory of the soul as an movement, dance, one has to apply quite ‘attunement’, or a harmony of bodily parts. an empirical art of rhythmical composition These parts are not necessarily to be (rhythmopoiia), which allows to structure viewed as the primary elements (contrary fluid and unstable temporal events. In the to a single evidence, which is clearly his paper, I offer a translation of the Elementa own interpretation, of Nemesius, De nat. Rhythmica into Russian and, commenting hom. 2), and this bodily attunement is on it, adduce contemporary evidence for quite different from the ‘Pythagorean’ the psychological aspects of time mathematical harmony. According to the perception and structuring of spatial and peripatetic philosopher, there is no temporal patterns. thinking beyond body in a certain state (Sextus Emp., Adv. Math. 7.348–349). To AKALIN, K. H. "Yeni Ahitteki Tyanalı put it differently, the body has an innate Apollonius-Apollonius of Tyana in New ability to think while all the talks on Testament." (Turkish) possessing and receiving souls (animalia, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal animantes, empsycha) is misleading. The Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2015, idea of heavenly travel of the soul may p 220-244. help to account for religious events, such as mantic (divination) and dreams, but it BALOYANNIS, S. Empedocles and possesses no scientific value whatsoever. Neurosciences The article is supplemented with a new ENCEPHALOS. 2014, 51, p 66-78 Russian translation of the evidence. Key words: the school of Aristotle, ancient BALOYANNIS, S. Empedocles: psychology, doxography, soul, body, Neurophilosophy and Neurosciences- harmony. Prophecy and Reality Journal of Neurology & Stroke. 2014, 1(6): Afonasin, E. ‘Notes on perception of time p 1-5 in Antiquity: Aristoxenus on Rhythm,’ …….Empedocles work is characterized by Filosofiya nauki [Philosophy of Science]. accurate observation, acute and concrete 2015, 65, p 99-118 (in Russian) thinking, rich poetical word and ability to

36 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 penetrate deeply the human soul and to linguistic and logical aspects and of its touch the most sensitive and mystic fundamental theses, translated into interior cords. symbolic form, in which it is still giving prominence to its Pythagorean- Belousov, A.V. ON SOME POSSIBLE Democritean or Italic character (Boscarino, SOURCES FOR PHILOSTRATUS' VITA 1999, 2010, 2011, 2012). APOLLONII 3.34 The Classical Quarterly. 2014, 64, 02, Boter, G. The title of Philostratus’ Life of p 787 - 792 Apollonius of Tyana The doctrine contained in this extract – The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 2015, the only passage of The Life of Apollonius 135, p 1-7 of Tyana treating matters of ‘cosmogony’ – Abstract: The title of Philostratus’ Life of could be summarized in the six following Apollonius of Tyana as it stands in all propositions. First, the universe consists of editions since Kayser’s 1844 edition, Tὰ ὲç five, not four elements, the fifth being the τòν Tυανέα Ἀπολλώνιοώ is not correct. ether, the γένεσις θεῶν. Just as mortals The genuine title of the work is Eἰç τòν breathe air, gods breathe ether. Secondly, Tυανέα Ἀπολλώνιον. The suggestion by there is no ‘primordial element’; all five Ewen Bowie, that the title of the work came into being simultaneously. Thirdly, characterizes it as a novel, must therefore the universe is a living being. In the fourth be dismissed. The meaning of the title is place, the universe is both male and ambiguous: it means both ‘About female at the same time. In the fifth place, Apollonius of Tyana’ and ‘In honour of as the universe is androgynous it feels Apollonius of Tyana’. This ambiguity may desire (ἔρως) towards itself and it is this very well have been intended by desire that makes it whole and united. And Philostratus. finally, the passion of the universe for itself is governed by Intelligence (ἐκείνου νοῦς). BRAICOVICH, R.S. The Approach to the Problem of Comprehension in Roman Bernabe, A. “The Commentary of the Stoicism. Derveni Papirus. The Last of Presocratic Epoché: A Journal for the History of Cosmogonies”, Philosophy. 2015, 20, 1, p 43-63 Littera Antiqua. 2013, 7, p 4-31. Abstract: Throughout the sources that have come down to us from the Roman Boscarino, G. (2015) Archimedes’ period of the Stoic school, we find an Psammites and the Tradition of Italic important number of therapeutical Thought of Science. practices that can be clearly linked to other Advances in Historical Studies. 2015, 4, schools (such as Pythagoreanism, p 8-16. Platonism, Cynicism or Epicureanism) and ABSTRACT; It is intended to confute the can be consequently seen to constitute opinion of a Platonic Archimedes, through (part of) the common ground that enables the study of the fundamental theses of his the idea that there is a general Hellenistic Sandreckoner (Psammites) and of its approach to the problem of philosophy as particular logical-linguistic aspects, but therapy. I will argue that a subset of those especially of an Aristotelic Archimedes, as strategies, which I will refer to as Delsedine (1970) maintains in his article repetition, ascetic and visualization “L’infini numérique dans l’Arénaire practices, can be better understood as d’Archimède”. He writes: The part of an approach to the problem of Sandreckoner répond à la nécessitè comprehension, a new approach which, d’adapter la notation numérique à l’idée de contrary to what may seem at first glance, l’infinité potentielle de l’ensamble des is fully consistent with the intellectualist nombres naturales”1. First, it is focused on conception of human agency defended by the general aspects of the work, which both Early and Roman Stoics. I will further highlight its Enlightenment and Py- suggest that this new approach to the thagorean—Democritean character, then it notion of comprehension may be is passed to the analysis of its particular interpreted as an expression of

37 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 dissatisfaction with the Early Stoic Aristotelianism across the full spectrum of excessively abstract approach to the the discussions in philosophy, the problem of knowledge. comparison mainly concerns Middle Platonic authors such as Eudoros and Bultheel, A. Irrationale getallen: niet Philo. As for the extant authors, the main realiseerbaar, wel reëel. question addressed is that of their Karakter: Tijdschrift van Wetenschap. doctrinal identity, which lies on the confine 2015, 49, p 12-13. between Platonism and Pythagoreanism.

Butler, T. Socrates and Philosophical Cervera, J.A. Racionalización de la Practice. Harmonía. Reflexiones sobre música y British Journal for the History of número en la cosmología pitagórica Philosophy. 2015, 23, 5, p 821-842 Euphyia. 2013, p 65 – 76 Abstract: Interpreters of the Phaedo often Abstract; This article represents an cite the Pythagorean context of the attempt to understand some of the dialogue as a source of influence on the epistemic implications introduced on demanding conception of philosophy Western rationality by the Pythagorean defended therein. Sandra Peterson offers formulation of harmony in terms of a striking account of that influence: the numeric ratios. A discussion is conducted Pythagorean sympathies of Socrates's on the role that music played in the interlocutors lead him to defend a emergence of that rationality, and the conception of philosophy that captures origin of the distinction between their commitments, but that he himself acousmatic and mathematical rejects. Call this the Strong Influence Pythagoreans is traced debating its Thesis (SIT). Peterson defends SIT by commonly accepted explanation. attempting to demonstrate a mismatch Finally, some elements of Aristoxenus between the conception of philosophy musical theory, in direct opposition to that espoused by Socrates in theApologyand supported by the Pythagoreans, are ‘true philosophy’ as described in presented. thePhaedo. Assessing this defence thus requires a detailed examination of both Chiaradonna, R. Medioplatonismo e sides of the comparison. This paper aristotelismo undertakes that task. I argue that when the Rivista di Storia della Filosofia. 2015, 70, beliefs and norms that define both 2, p 425-446 philosophical lives are correctly Abstract: This article focuses on the understood, the appearance of a reception of Aristotle among Platonist significant mismatch fades away. The life philosophers from the first century BC of true philosophy realizes down to Ammonius Saccas, Plotinus's theApologyideal of caring most about master in Alexandria. The first-century BC wisdom, truth, and the best possible state Platonist philosopher Eudorus of of the soul. Alexandria aimed to integrate Aristotle's philosophy into his Pythagorean reading of Centrone, B. Medioplatonismo e Plato. A passage from Plutarch's 'Life of neopitagorismo: Un confronto difficile Alexander (V. Alex. 7') offers a valuable Rivista di Storia della Filosofia, 2015, 70, testimony about this approach: Aristotle's 2, p 399-423 metaphysics is read against the Abstract: This article makes a comparison background of Plato's theology ('epoptics'). between Pythagoreanism and Middle Eudorus' exegetical methods show some Platonism by taking into account writings interesting similarities with those of the and authors that traditionally constitute the Aristotelian commentators of his time (in core of Neopythagoreanism: Doric particular Andronicus of Rhodes and 'pseudopythagorica', Moderatos, Boethus of Sidon). Nicomachus, and Numenius. As for the This picture changed during the second pseudo-Pythagorean treatises, whose century AD. On the one hand, Platonic basic system seeks to unite Platonism with authors such as Taurus, Nicostratus and

38 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Atticus focused on the differences assimilate it to only one side of the between the theories of Plato and dichotomy between "bios" and "theoria", I Aristotle. On the other, Alcinous will give a brief account of the postulation extensively incorporated Aristotle's of a clear-cut distinction between ancient theories into his 'Handbook of Platonism'. Pythagoreanism and Neopythagoreanism. The debate over the harmony or I will argue, on the contrary, for a disagreement between Plato and Aristotle necessary historical continuity between only emerged, then, in the second century. the two, with an important consequence According to the Neoplatonist philosopher for the history of Pythagorean philosophy: Hierocles of Alexandria (fifth century), since the beginning of the Pythagorean Ammonius Saccas took up this debate and tradition, "bios" and "theoria" have showed the consonance between Plato remained fundamentally inseparable. One and Aristotle as regards their most of the most relevant features of essential doctrines. The new approaches Pythagoreanism, the communitarian way to Aristotle by Plotinus and Porphyry of life, will be examined as an example of (based on an extensive reading of both how we should properly address Aristotle and the Peripatetic commentary Pythagorean traditions. tradition) are est understood against this background. Corsi Silva, S. O sábio Apolônio de Tiana na cidade de Alexandria: a visão do Colman, J. The Philosopher-King and the sofista grego Filóstrato sobre a capital da City in Plutarch's Life of Numa. província romana do Egito (século III d.C.) Perspectives on Political Science. 2015, Romanitas. Revista de Estudos 44, 1, p 1-9 Grecolatinos. 2014, 3, p 107-128. Abstract: Plutarch characterizes the reign Resumo; Este artigo objetiva interpretar of Numa Pompilius, Romulus’ successor, passagens do livro V da obra de natureza as a manifest illustration of Plato's biográfica Vida de Apolônio de Tiana, philosopher-king. Numa, who reluctantly escrita pelo sofista grego Flávio Filóstrato leaves his private life of quiet em meados do século III d.C. Visamos, contemplation to assume the kingship of com isso, a mostrar como um sofista Rome, fits within Plutarch's general view grego, inserido nas estruturas de poder do that the philosopher has an obligation to Império Romano na época da dinastia dos participate in political life. Such Severos, percebia a cidade de Alexandria participation, however, may not be without nas relações estabelecidas por seu complication. The Rome Numa inherits is personagem, o sábio viajante Apolônio, described by Plutarch, again pointing em passagem por esse espaço. Além toward theRepublic, as a “feverish city.” disso, pretendemos analisar a Numa's reform of “feverish” Rome begins possibilidade da viagem para Alexandria and ends with the controversial ter sido real ou uma criação do sofista, relationship he may have had with the refletindo sobre a ótica e os possíveis philosopher Pythagoras. The central role anseios de Filóstrato. that Numa's relationship with Pythagoras plays in theLife of Numareveals that Coutinho, L. Zalmoxis e Pitágoras: Plutarch uses theLifeas a commentary on relações de katabasis e imortalidade da the relationship between philosophy and alma Luciano the city. Hypnos. 2015, 35, p 285-294 Resumo: O mito de Zalmóxis é Cornelli, Gabriele. "Alternative amplamente recordado em textos antigos. Communities. Some Notes on No relato de Heródoto, provavelmente o Pythagorean Philosophy as a Way of Life." mais antigo, a condição de Zalmóxis, Iride. 2015, 28, 3, p 597-610. como escravo de Pitágoras, chama Summary; Starting from the necessity to atenção: condição que o próprio understand Pythagoreanism as an historiador parece duvidar. Alguns historiographical category in order to resist questionamentos acerca dessa relação, the various reductionist attempts to entretanto, deixam entrever importantes

39 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 noções sobre a psyche; noções que Abstract: The theory of musical scales permeiam as lendas que se referem às involves mathematical ratios, harmonic duas figuras. Além da ideia de resonators, beats, and human perception imortalidade da alma, as diferenças entre and provides an interesting application of as percepções trácia e grega the physics of waves and sound. We first transparecem nessas lendas. O presente review the history and physics of musical trabalho, portanto, busca compreender scales, with an emphasis on four algumas possibilidades comparativas historically important scales: twelve-tone entre essas lendárias figuras. equal temperament, Pythagorean, quarter- comma meantone, and Ptolemaic just Doherty, B. Cyril and Hypatia: Tracing the intonation. We then present an easy way Contours of an Anti-Christian Myth. for students and teachers to directly Phronema. 2015, 30, 1, p 63-90 experience the qualities of different scales Abstract: Beginning within decades of the using MIDI synthesis. violent death of philosopher Hypatia at the hands of an Alexandrian Christian mob in Feichtinger, H. "Nothing Rash Must Be A.D. 415 St Cyril of Alexandria has Said": Augustine on Pythagoras. frequently been cast as the agent American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly: provocateur behind this lynching, a Journal of the American Catholic malevolent and scheming ecclesiastical Philosophical Association. 2015, 89, 2, tyrant who imposed his will on Alexandrian p 253-276 affairs with an iron fist. Since this time, but Abstract: Augustine comments on particularly since the Enlightenment, 'both Pythagoras in many of his works. professional historians and popular The early dialogues can speak very cultural productions have coalesced to positively about the ancient philosopher; make the complex events surrounding this later, Augustine's remarks become more tragedy a powerful rhetorical weapon with nuanced. Still, he always reserves a which to attack Christian belief and also certain respect for Pythagoras, which is the person of St Cyril. This article looks at significant as Pythagoras was a symbolic a recent depiction of these events as they figure in Neoplatonic attempts to provide a appear in the 2009 film Agora, directed by philosophical understanding of Greco- Chilean-Spaniard Alejandro Amenabar. Roman religion. Despite the differences This paper demonstrates that Agora, aside between Christian and Pythagorean from being an entertaining sword-and- theology (understood as philosophical way sandal epic, can equally be interpreted as of speaking about God), Augustine the latest link in a historical chain of underlines those traits in Pythagoras's interpretations which have used carefully thinking that distinguish him from other framed accounts of these historical events philosophical and popular views on in late antique Alexandria as an ideological questions of religion and "natural weapon with which to attack aspects of theology." Christian belief and praxis or Christianity in In accordance with his own Christian toto. This paper places Agora both in a concept of the need for mediation and historical context of earlier interpretations grace, Augustine appreciates in particular of the relationship between Cyril and Pythagoras' s humility, best expressed in Hypatia and the events of Cyril's not calling himself "wise" but rather a episcopacy and in its contemporary social "philosopher." Augustine's views on context of the rise of the New Atheism, Pythagoras, while evolving, always widespread concern about religious remain balanced and provide a good fanaticism, and ongoing debates about the example of how he relates to pre-Christian relationship between science and religion. philosophers in general.

Durfee, D. The physics of musical scales: FERACO, F. La dimensione pitacorica Theory and experiment. dell'aggettivo quadratus in Varrone American Journal of Physics. 2015, 83, Latomus. 2015, 74, 2, p 365-385 10, p 835-842.

40 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Fitting, J.W. From Breathing to classification” which express a pre- Respiration. scientific world view with social and ethical Respiration. 2015, 89, 1, p 82-87 implications, according to which the Abstract: The purpose of breathing presence of a principle on one column of remained an enigma for a long time. The the table will carry with it another principle Hippocratic school described breathing within the same column; patterns but did not associate breathing 3) a close analysis of Aristotle's arguments with the lungs. Empedocles and Plato shows that he thought that the table postulated that breathing was linked to the expresses real causal relationships; and passage of air through pores of the skin. 4) Aristotle faults the table of opposites This was refuted by Aristotle who believed with positing its principles as having that the role of breathing was to cool the universal application and with not heart. In Alexandria, breakthroughs were distinguishing between those principles accomplished in the anatomy and that are causally prior and those that are physiology of the respiratory system. posterior. Later, Galen proposed an accurate Aristotle's account of scientific explanation description of the respiratory muscles and and his own explanations that he the mechanics of breathing. However, his developed in accordance with this account heart-lung model was hampered by the are in part the result of his critical traditional view of two non-communicating encounter with this prescientific vascular systems – veins and arteries. Pythagorean table. After a period of stagnation in the Middle Ages, knowledge progressed with the Gordon, R. Religious competence and discovery of pulmonary circulation. The individuality: three studies in the Roman comprehension of the purpose of Empire. breathing progressed by steps thanks to Religion. 2015, 45, 3, p 367-385 Boyle and Mayow among others, and Abstract: The theme of individuality and culminated with the contribution of individualisation in religious contexts in the Priestley and the discovery of oxygen by fairly remote past is perhaps best viewed Lavoisier. Only then was breathing as a heuristic device whose main value, at recognized as fulfilling the purpose of least in the context of Graeco-Roman respiration, or gas exchange. A century history, is to question the excessive later, a controversy emerged concerning dominance of a model of religious action the active or passive transfer of oxygen as essentially collective, which is perhaps from alveoli to the blood. August and proximately Durkheimian but in the Marie Krogh settled the dispute, showing Classical field goes back ultimately to that passive diffusion was sufficient to early scholarship on ancient Judaism. meet the oxygen needs. Terminology is a basic problem in this context. Religious individuality can be Goldin, O. The Pythagorean Table of defined as the construction of personal Opposites, Symbolic Classification, and religious achievement or the practice of Aristotle. mastery defined bysui generisrules. In the Science in Context. 2015, 28, 2, p 171-193 case of the Roman Empire, five types of Abstract: At Metaphysics A 5 986a22-b2, such achievement have been suggested: Aristotle refers to a Pythagorean table, pragmatic; moral; competitive; with two columns of paired opposites. I representative; or exemplary/ reflexive. All argue that these distinguishable types of individuality 1) although Burkert and Zhmud have are linked, at least indirectly, to the argued otherwise, there is sufficient textual complex and highly differentiated social, evidence to indicate that the table, or one political, economic and moral structures of much like it, is indeed of Pythagorean the Empire. Specifically religious origin; individuation emerges only with the 2) research in structural anthropology development of religion as a distinctive indicates that the tables are a field of (social) action and thus the formalization of arrays of “symbolic possibility of specifically religious

41 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 distinction. If sustained over the long term, with the other heavenly bodies, including a any such achievement is to be seen as planet called the counter-earth which individualisation under ancient conditions. orbits below the earth. His theory can This article briefly explores three types of account for most astronomical religious distinction based on a conviction phenomena. A common criticism of his and lived practice of such individualised theory since ancient times is that his competence: the figure of the Weberian counter-earth does no work in the system. mystagogue in his Mediterranean forms; Yet ancient sources say the planet was the figure of the practitioner skilled in supposed to account for Graeco-Egyptian ‘magic’; and the some lunar eclipses. A reconstruction of idealised figure of Pythagoras as projected Philolaus' cosmology shows how lunar by Iamblichus’On the Pythagorean life eclipses occurring at certain times of day (c.300 CE). cannot be explained by earth blocking the sun's light. The counter-earth could Gottfried H. Is regularity according to explain these eclipses. Empedocles imposed upon or inherent in things? Groot, J. De Why Epistemology is Not Thessaloniki (IAPS). 2014. p 1-10 Ancient, From Device and Drama into Philosophy GOWER, J. The Sovereign and the Exile: Epoché: A Journal for the History of Archytas and Aristotle on the Living Law. Philosophy. 2015 Epoché: A Journal for the History of This paper traces the significance of first Philosophy. 2015, 19, 2, p 311-328 principles (archai) in Greek philosophy to Abstract: This essay explores the cognitive developments in colonial Greek historical roots of biopolitics by Italy in the late fifth century BC. Conviction investigating the structural homology concerning principles comes from the between the supremely virtuous king power to make something true by action. discussed in Aristotle's Politics and the Pairing and opposition, the forerunners of sovereign living law advanced in On Law metonymy, are shown to structure and Justice, accepted here as authored by disparate cultural phenomena—the Archytas of Tarentum. Archytas's making of figured numbers, the sundial, sovereign incarnates a divine law in order and the production, with the aid of device, to ground the written law of the city and to of fear or panic in the spectators of Greek constitute the way of life proper to the tragedy. From these starting points, the citizenry. The identity of life and law in his function of the gnômôn in knowledge is person exempts this sovereign from the explored. written laws he grounds just as Aristotle's king cannot be subjected to law because Herrero de Jáuregui, M. The Construction he is a law unto himself. Despite this of Inner Religious Space in Wandering homology, Archytas's sovereign Religion of Classical Greece. exemplifies a highly determinate way of Numen. 2015, 62, 5/6, p 596-626 life fully constituted by law while an Abstract: In classical Greece, different analysis of Aristotle's king reveals a kinds of itinerant purifiers are well known double determination of the virtuous mainly through hostile descriptions (Plato, exemplar as both sovereign and exile. Demosthenes) and sometimes also This double determination both exhibits through some evidence from inside and complicates the logic of exclusion (Empedocles, Orphic gold tablets). that, for Agamben, makes Western politics However, both perspectives coincide in biopolitical from its inception. showing that such wandering “priests" aimed to construe a transportable sacred Graham, D. On Philolaus' astronomy. space, attached to specific people rather Archive for History of Exact Sciences. than to any specific location. Thus, sacred 2015, 69, 2, p 217-230 places could easily turn into metaphorical Abstract: In Philolaus' cosmology, the images for inner states. The main earth revolves around a central fire along mechanisms of such construction are:

42 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 creating conceptual boundaries which state of unanimous violence that has a separate the initiate from the profane; cathartic effect on society. In doing so, depicting imaginary spaces of purity and Girard emphasizes the importance of the impurity at both sides of the boundary; and model in mimetic contagion and its power imagining ways of spatial change from the in channelling the frustrations and violence impure to the pure side, be it as a gradual of the crowd towards a single victim. For process (imagined as walking through a him, Apollonius achieved the curing of path) or as a sudden transportation Ephesus, not through any miraculous (imagined as leaping or falling). Sacred intervention but by the single victim space as a metaphor for inner religious mechanism by which the trepidation of experience gained enormous popularity society is relieved through unanimous from Plato onwards, and this kind of violence. This paper is an attempt to show construction may have been the most what is wrong in Girard’s discussion of this immediate antecedent. This approach miracle. While not necessarily discrediting helps to explain several pieces of Girard’s basic precept that human beings evidence of Greek itinerant religion, and, are mimetic in nature, it argues that his more generally, to understand how the use of language in presenting the possibility of internalizing sacred spaces Apollonius story is unnecessarily emotive may be exploited in specific situations. and inappropriate. It identifies historical and logical inconsistencies in Girard’s Humm, M. L’harmonie des sphères dans discussion and shows his denigration of la pensée politique grecque et romaine : Apollonius as irrelevant and unfair. It de l’utopie à la cité idéale points to various inconsistencies in his Politica antica. 2015, 5, p. 41-74. adaptation of the story to his theory and Abstract: In Greek and Roman political concludes that the context and letter of the thought, the myth of the harmony of the Apollonius miracle do not fit his mimetic spheres was designed to offer the city’s mould and that his attempt to use the institutions a model of harmonious Apollonius miracle to further his theory organisation in order to bring the fails to achieve its purpose. organisation of the microcosm of an « ideal city » into line with that of the Johansen, T.K. A TRIPTYCH IN PLATO'S macrocosm of the Universe. This theory, TIMAEUS: A NOTE ON THE of Pythagorean origin, was based both on RECEPTACLE PASSAGE (TIMAEUS empirical observation of the sky, on 48E–52D) acoustic and musical research and on the The Classical Quarterly. 2015, 65, idea that the cosmos forms a « p 552-558. harmonious whole » governed by Abstract: At Timaeus 48e2–52d4 Timaeus numbers whose correct proportions sets out to establish that there are three ensure its harmony. From Plato to Cicero, principles or kinds (γένη) underlying the it was a means of establishing a close creation of the cosmos, not just the two he correlation between the harmony of the acknowledged earlier (27d–28a). The way Universe and political concord in the city. he does so is not simply by adding an account of the third kind to the accounts of Ikpe, I. Theoretical and material being and becoming that he has already discontinuities in René Girard’s given. Rather he does so by showing how discussion of the miracle of Apollonius of each of the three differs from the others. It Tyana. has not been noticed how this procedure Journal for Cultural Research. 2015, 19, 4, structures the receptacle passage. The p 365-378 passage divides up into three parts, each Abstract: In discussing his mimetic theory, punctuated by a list of the three kinds in a René Girard seeks to show that the story significant order. If we take X, Y and Z to concerning the miraculous curing of stand for ‘becoming’, ‘being’ and Ephesus by Apollonius of Tyana could be ‘receptacle’ (or ‘space’, χώρα)’ used to demonstrate how an epidemic of respectively, the structure is (1) X≠Z, (2) mimetic rivalry can be converted into a X≠Y, (3) Y≠Z. By showing the distinctness

43 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 of each pair, Timaeus demonstrates that type of argumentation is the allegorical all the kinds are distinct and that they are interpretation of the Homeric poems. This indeed three in number. interpretation goes back to their very origins. The Jones, C.P. Five Letters Attributed to Dio emphasis is put on the resemblances of Prusa between the cyclic eposes 'Ilias' and Classical Philology. 2015, 110, 2, 'Odyssey' and early pre-Socratic p 124-131 philosophies, namely those of Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Pythagoras and Jourdan, F. Traditions bibliques et the Milesian School. It is argued, that in traditions égyptiennes au service d’une physical and ethical conceptions of these exégèse du mythe d’Er : Numénius et philosophers, many traces of Homeric l’allégorie d’Homère dans le fragment 30 world view can be unveiled. Therefore, it des Placesfield seems viable to suppose that some Les Études philosophiques. 2015, 153, 3, allegoric interpretations of Homer’s poems p 431 - 452 preexisted as a theoretical background Resume: Dans le fragment 1 des Places, behind these philosophical issu du traité Sur le Bien, Numénius se theories. propose d’invoquer les traditions orientales qu’il estime en accord avec Kaluderovic Z. Pitagorejska I arapska Platon pour étayer son interprétation de recepcija ne-ljudskih živih bića (Bosnian) Platon. Dans le fragment 30, issu du Pythagorean and Arab reception non- commentaire de Porphyre à L’Antre des human living beings nymphes dans l’Odyssée, le recours à ces Nova Prisutnost. 2015, 13, 1, p 25-33 mêmes traditions paraît servir une Abstract: The beginning of this paper exégèse platonisante d’Homère. defines the notion of bioethical sensibility, Numénius a-t-il changé d’objectif en and its place in a practical philosophy. changeant d’ouvrage ? Une analyse What follows are the philosophical détaillée du fragment 30 montre que aspirations of Pythagoras of Samos and Numénius ne cesse jamais d’être his disciples and followers. Particular l’exégète pythagorisant de Platon. Les attention is directed to the universally deux traditions orientales invoquées là, known fact that Pythagoras first brought to biblique et égyptienne, pour l’une dûment Greece learning that every born living remaniée, pour l’autre adéquatement being shares kinship, as well as the interprétée, toutes deux étayées par des opinion by the Founders of the citations d’Héraclite et d’Homère, servent Pythagorean Braterhood that ensouled essentiellement à définir le type d’âmes beings should not be eaten animals are qui s’incarnent. Plutôt que d’être utilisées related to people through the identical dans une allégorie homérique, elles elements and relationships between them. s’avèrent plus vraisemblablement au Further, two branches of the Arab service d’un commentaire du mythe d’Er philosophical traditions are presented: lui-même étayé par les vers de l’Odyssée. Eastern and Western philosophical tradition; with special reference to Ihwān Kalas, A. Homer and Pre-Socratic aṣ-ṣafā’ (10th century) from the East, and Thinking (in Slovak) on the other hand, the philosophy of Ibn Filozofia. 2014, 69, 10, p 813-823 Ṭufayla (12th century) from the West. In Abstract: The paper questions the modern fact, the words of one Arab Eastern approach to ancient philosophy as a linear philosophical and theological movement from mythos to logos and neopithagorian school known as Ihwān aṣ- analyzes the circumstances of "the ṣafā’ discuss animal suffering and, which beginning" of ancient philosophical was presented to their understanding of thinking. It tempts to see the whole the animal world. Addittional discussion of movement of the pre-Socratic philosophy bioethical sensibility towards animal life is as a literary undercurrent of the Homeric presented in the philosophical novel Ḥayy schools, the Homeridae. Crucial for this ibn Yaqẓān the rationalist Arab-Spanish

44 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 philosopher from the western provence Ibn Studia Redemptorystowskie. Redemptorist Ṭufayl. Comarisons are made between the Studies. 2014, 12, p 77-113 philosophical tradition Ihwān aṣ-ṣafā’ and Ibn Ṭufayla, as well as their common bond Lučić, Z. Irrationality of the Square Root with ancient Greek i.e. Pythagorean of 2: The Early Pythagorean Proof, teachings about refraining animal Theodorus's and Theaetetus's consumption. Generalizations. Mathematical Intelligencer. 2015, 37, 3, Klobučar, A. "Pitagora i Pitagorin poučak." p 26-32. (Croatian) Abstract: The article discusses several Poučak 16.62 (2015): 38-46. supporting proofs given by mathematicians for the creation of the Kouloumentasa, S. The Body and the square root of number two including Polis: Alcmaeon on Health and Disease Pythagorean theorem and Euclid's British Journal for the History of elements. Topics discussed includes Philosophy. 2014, 22, 5, p 867-887 even-odd number proof given by Abstract: Alcmaeon, a philosopher-cum- mathematician Pythagoras, subtraction doctor from Croton, offers the earliest involving geometrical process and known definition of health and disease. commensurability of right angled triangles. The aim of this paper is to examine the formulation of his medical theory in terms Maggi, C. Some Aspects of the Theory of of political organization, namely the Abstraction in Plotinus and Iamblichus polarity between one-man rule The International Journal of the Platonic (monarchia) and egalitarianism (isonomia), Tradition. 2015, 9, 2, p 159-176 by taking into account contemporary Abstract: The purpose of this paper is the philosophical and medical texts, as well as analysis of the Plotinian and Iamblichean the historical context. The paper is divided reading of the Aristotelian theory of into four sections. I first overview the abstraction, and its relationship with the compendium in which this medical theory status of mathematical entities, as they is reported, trace the doxographical layers, were conceived within a Platonic model, and analyse the terminology employed (I). according to which mathematical objects I then focus on the key aspects of this are ontological autonomous and separate. medical theory, including the constitution of the body, the interaction of opposites, Marcinkowska-Rosół, M. Arystoteles i and the aetiology of disease (II). I suggest chaos prekosmiczny (De cael. 3.2, that Alcmaeon's notion of equality can be 301a11-20) understood in various ways, and discuss Aristotle and the pre-cosmic chaos (De the possible interpretations in the light of cael. 3.2, 301a11-20) early Greek philosophy and medicine. The Diametros. 2014, 35, p 65-83 (Polish) most likely interpretations are that there The article is an analysis and exists a kind of equilibrium between pairs interpretation of Aristotle’s De caelo of opposites, in addition to the equilibrium 301a11-20. In this pas-sage Aristotle, reached within each of them, and that the confronting his concept of the natural bodily constituents remain in a state of movement of the elements with the permanent equilibrium (III). Finally, I argue concept of their haphazard pre-cosmic that Alcmaeon has in mind an egalitarian movement (ascribed to the atomists and model of distribution of shares to the Plato), refers to some Presocratic bodily constituents, which are depicted as cosmogonies that do not allow for pre- the citizens of a tiny state whose cosmic disorder. According to the antagonistic or collaborative tendencies proposed interpretation, he considers affect its functioning (IV). three alternative cosmogonic models, in which the elements in the pre-cosmic Lopez Montoya, R.A. La recepción de stage are, respectively, 1) unmoved, 2) Pitágoras y la escuela pitagórica en los collected together, and 3) separated. Even escritos de Tertuliano (primera parte) if Aristo-tle, advocating the eternity of the

45 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 world, does not accept the pre-cosmic documented relation to Archytas’ doubling phase at all, in this dialec-tical discussion the cube. he approves of the first two models and repudiates the third on the grounds of his Mihai, A. Comparatism in the Neoplatonic own cosmology and definition of change. Pantheon of Late Antiquity: Damascius, An analysis of his arguments leads to the De Princ. III 159.6-167.25. rejection of the thesis (assumed by some Numen. 2014, 61, 5/6, p 457-483 scholars) that the passage ascribes the Abstract: In the following paper, we will concept of the pre-cosmic rest of the ἀρχή look at the Neoplatonic pantheon as found to the Milesian monists and the idea of the in Damascius and at his comparatist pre-cosmic movement of the entirely method, which is centered on the principle divided elements to Empedocles. of sumphonia. This hermeneutical tool is used to reconcile or harmonize the MARKOVIC, D. Vergil’s Empedoclean doctrines of Plato and Aristotle with other Universe (Empedoklovo kosmološko Greek and foreign theological traditions. učenje kod Vergilija) (in Bosnian) We will see this at play in a passage from Lucida intervalla 43 (2014) p 67-90 the last part of Damascius' treatise on Abstract: The author revisits the problem Problems and Solutions Concerning First of the role of the song of Iopas in Aeneid 1 Principles (III 159.6-167.25). In this in order to corroborate and extend the section, Damascius, the last diadoch of observations of Damien Nelis about the the Platonic school of Athens, is trying to functional coherence of Empedoclean show that his 'Platonic' theology is in concord and discord in Vergil’s epic accordance not only with Greek wisdom narrative. The indirect nature of Vergil’s (as represented by the Chaldean Oracles, allusions to Empedocles, the author Orphism, Homer, Hesiod and argues, reflects the nature of the abstract, Pythagoreanism), but also with the oldest conceptual presence of Empedoclean traditions of inspired religion, such as the philosophical principles in the world that Babylonian, Persian, Sidonian, the poem describes. The role of the Phoenician and Egyptian traditions. We Empedoclean backdrop in the Aeneid is will try to show that Damascius is found to be primarily aesthetical. The establishing here a one-to-one study of Vergil’s Empedoclean allusions correspondence between these Oriental contributes not only to our understanding and Hellenic theologies. of the principles that animate the poet’s literary universe, but also the principles Miles, G. "Incarnating Proteus in that unite his entire poetic opus, in which Philostratus’ Life of Apollonius of Tyana." Empedoclean principles play a recurring Ancient Narrative. 2015, 13, p 1-18. role. Moore, K. R. The Pythagorean Symbolism Masià, R. A new reading of Archytas’ in Plato’s Philebus. doubling of the cube and its implications Athens: ATINER'S Conference Paper Archive for History of Exact Sciences. Series, No: HIS2015-1734. 2015. P 1-16. 2015, 70, 2, p 175-204 Abstract: The Philebus contains what may Abstract: The solution attributed to be called a Pythagorean semiotics. That Archytas for the problem of doubling the is, the dialogue has a number of cube is a landmark of the pre-Euclidean embedded references and allusions to mathematics. This paper offers textual central aspects and ideas of arguments for a new reading of the text of Pythagoreanism. These act as signposts Archytas’ solution for doubling the cube, to the informed reader/auditor which and an approach to the solution which fits illuminate certain topics of discussion in closely with the new reading. The paper the dialogue and furnish a rich subtext also reviews modern attempts to explain which, when properly decoded, imparts a the text, which are as complicated as the greater degree of sophistication and original, and its connections with some xvi- meaning to the text as a whole. One level century mathematical results, without any of this may be observed in the

46 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Pythagorean allusions by themselves, of semblanza del magisterio de Marsilio which there are many. A deeper level of Ficino sobre la concepción universal Pythagorean semiotics arguably occurs in simpática y pneumática de Sor Juana, sus the very fabric of the dialogue itself. It has sentidos ocultos y las resonancias en su been argued that the Platonic dialogues obra de otros ingenios de los siglos XV al have been deliberately structured XVII, que no fueron sólo poetas, filósofos according to a Pythagorean division of the o teólogos, sino también músicos y musical canon, with certain themes compositores. Si bien gozamos ya de corresponding to the consonance or excelentes estudios sobre este aspecto dissonance of a given "note" on the scale. musical de Sor Juana, todavía hay zonas This, along with the relevant symbolism inexploradas de la relación filosófica y present, will be examined in greater detail. espiritual que Sor Juana estableció con el arte musical. Además de pasajes no Morillas Esteban, J. En busca de Hypatía: comentados en relación con ella de Pietro exposición de las fuentes tardoantiguas y Cerone, exploraré también sus paralelos medievales con motivo de la publicación con Franchino Gaffurio y Bartolomé de la obra de Henriette Harich- Ramos Pareja. Schwarzbauer, Hypatia. Die spätantiken Quellen. Eingeleitet, kommentiert und Papazian, M. Testimony on Pythagorean interpretiert abstinence from beans in a medieval Daimon. 2014, 62, p 157-164 Armenian commentary Resumen: Nota crítica / Breve ensayo en IAPS paper libre. Academia.edu 2015. la que se presenta y se comenta la 13 p revolucionaria obra de la profesora de filología clásica austríaca Harich- PENELLA, R.J. Koddaroi and Xurēsitauroi Schwarzbauer, donde se exponen y se in the letters of Apollonius of Tyana: new analizan las fuentes tardoantiguas y evidence for tension between Jews and medievales conservadas en torno a la Gentiles in Sardis during the Flavian filósofa alejandrina Hypatía period? Journal of Jewish Studies. 2015, 66, 2, Normandin, S. Yeats, THE LAKE ISLE p 231-241 OF INNISFREE, and the Wisdom of Abstract: Among the letters of the sage Beans. Apollonius of Tyana, of the first century c Explicator. 2015, 73, 1, p 25-28, e, are eight that berate the Sardians for Abstract: A criticism is presented for the their civil strife. Two of the letters refer to poem "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" by two Sardian groups that are at odds with William Butler Yeats that focuses on the one another, the Koddaroi and the the beans that are mentioned in the poem Xurēsitauroi. At the core of this article is and their symbolism of wisdom. Topics an etymological argument that Koddaroi discussed include the influence of means 'the foreskinned', and that philosopher Henry David Thoreau on the Xuresitauroi, from two Greek words poem, the influence of the occult on the meaning 'shaving' and 'genitals', refers not poem, and the influence of the to depilation hut to the shaved look of the Pythagorean philosophy on Yeats. glans penis resulting from circumcision. If my hypothesis is correct, we have a new Olivares-Zorrilla, R. El modelo de la piece of evidence for Jewish--Gentile espiral armónica de sor Juana: entre el tensions in the first-century Diaspora in pitagorismo y la modernidad Asia Minor. I also show that my hypothesis Literatura Mexicana. 2015, 26 1, p 11-39 fits well with Apollonius's remarks in letters El universo vivo del Renacimiento, con 39 and 40. And if my interpretation of letter todo su legado de la Antigüedad y de la 41 is correct, there is a reference there to Edad Media, tuvo una expresión Sardian Jews owning some Jewish slaves novohispana en las postrimerías de su - which again would be a new testimony, extensión barroca: Sor Juana Inés de la this time on the issue of slavery among the Cruz. En este trabajo se ensayará una ancient Jews.

47 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Peruzzi, Enrico. AUT PYTHAGORAS Magna Grecia. HERMETISET, AUT HERMES Hormos. 2013, 5, p 53-68. PYTHAGORISET: NOTA SULLA TEOLOGIA MATEMATICA DI KEPLERO. PROVENZA, A. Correcting ēthos and TRANS/FORM/AÇÃO. 2015, 37, p 59-66 purifying the body. Musical therapy in ABSTRACT; In Harmonices Mundi III,1 Iamblichus’ De vita pythagorica Kepler points out an affinity between the Greek and Roman Musical Studies. 2015, Corpus Hermeticum XIII (The secret 3, p 94-115 sermon on the mountain concerning Abstract: The tradition relating to the rebirth and the promise of silence) and the Pythagoreans and music therapy is most Pythagorean doctrine of the Tetractys. widely attested in two Neoplatonic works, Kepler's aim is to demonstrate that Porphyry’s Life of Pythagoras, and mathematics, particularly in its Iamblichus’ On the Pythagorean Way of numerological realm, is the true way to Life. Although the chronological distance gain knowledge of God and of the from the early Pythagoreans makes their presence of His action in the world, as accounts controversial, they offer confirmed by the harmonious and interesting evidence on the beneficial mathematical structure of the universe. effects of music. Iamblichus, whose work will be focused on in this paper, describes Picot, J.C. Lions and promoi: Final Phase the effects of music on health through the of Exile for Empedocles' daimones. notion of catharsis, which he often links Phronesis. 2015, 60, 4, p 380-409 with musical ēthos. The latter is not in fact Abstract: In Empedocles, the seers, attested before Plato, but Iamblichus, poets, doctors and promoi of fr. 146 DK, presenting Pythagoras in Platonic terms, poised for return from exile to the emphasizes the importance he gives to company of the Blessed, no more the improvement of the individual’s represent an Empedoclean ideal than do character and life by means of music, the lions of fr. 127. Seers, poets and which is used as a proper pharmakon. In promoi are implicated in the anathema of such respect, Iamblichus’ work shows bloodshed; in particular, the promoi ('battle some similarities with Aristides chiefs') are ill-suited to a world of waxing Quintilianus’ De Musica, especially in Love. As with the other daimones, their connection with the “mixture” of melodies exile will last through 30,000 seasons, a as if they were medicines. sentence that Empedocles' purifications cannot shorten. The lives of the seers, Racheva, T. Предплатонистки poets, doctors and promoi are lived in a питагорейски доктрини за познанието world of waxing Strife; their prestige is Pre-Platonic Pythagorean Doctrines on owed to their status in that world. Knowledge Journal: Философски алтернативи. PIPITONE, G. Sulle nozze di Nerone con 2014, 6, p 134-140. Bulgarian Pitagora/Doriforo : nota a Suet. Nero 29 Summary: Contemporary research on REVUE DES ÉTUDES ANCIENNES. early Pythagoreanism is very 2015, 117, p .. controversial. In the history of philosophy, Résumé. – En comparant les informations there is no consensual stance as to fournies par Tacite et Dion Cassius sur la Pythagoras’s role as philosopher and fête de Tigellinus en 64 ap. J.-C., l’article mathematician. The most influential avance une interprétation d’un passage position in this debate is that of Burkert, dans Suétone (Neron 29), correspondant who argues that Pythagoras was a à une erreur matérielle apparente du founder of a religious society. Directly biographe. related to this is the question of Philolaus’s place in the history of philosophy. I accept PROVENZA, A. La morte di Pitagora e i as well-grounded the thesis that culti delle Muse e di Demetra. Mousiké ed Pythagoras, in addition to being a religious escatologia nelle comunità pitagoriche di founder, was also a philosopher and

48 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016 mathematician; on this basis I argue that practice can be found in these fragments the philosophy of Philolaus is closely than is usually thought. In particular, it is related to that of Pythagoras, a fact that argued that in his talk of cosmic harmonia does not belittle the former’s importance in Heraclitus might well know and exploit a the history of philosophy. My argument is musical sense of this word, namely, that of based on the role the Pythagorean ‘attunement’, which was already construct tetraktis plays in the philosophy developing at his time from the primary of both Pythagoras and Philolaus. meaning of ‘connection’ and ‘agreement’. Furthermore, it is shown that the Rauw, W.M. Philosophy and ethics of investigation of musical patterns with animal use and consumption: from which Heraclitus was clearly acquainted Pythagoras to Bentham offered him a significant analogical ground CAB Reviews. 2015, 10, p 1-25 for his reflectionon the order and rationality The human population is projected to rise of kosmos. He was not apparently to 9.15 billion people by 2050, resulting in interested in the numerical definition of a projected increase in meat consumption. musical patterns, and thus there is no However, at the same time, the dominant need to assume any influence of earlier position of meat as the centre of meals is Pythagorean research on his theory of on the decline, resulting in an increasing cosmic harmony: the other way round, this number of vegetarians and flexitarians in theory was likely food for thought for some Western countries. There are Philolaus. several motivations for this trend, including religious, health, moral and environmental Tihon, A. Remarques sur les scolies considerations. Many of the arguments anciennes de l’Almageste that are very alive today in the debate Almagest. 2015, 6, 2, p 4-41 follow from those proposed by ancient This paper intends to examine the philosophers and scientists. The aim of hypothesis proposed by David Pingree in this review is to review the ethics of animal a paper published in 1994, “The Teaching use and consumption from the old Greek of the Almagest in Late Antiquity”, in philosophers (Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Barnes , T.D. (ed.), The Sciences in Alcmaeon, Anaxagoras, Socrates, Plato, Greco-Roman Society, Apeiron 27,4 : 75- Aristotle, Diogenes, Theophrastus, the 98. In this essay D. Pingree suggests that Stoics, the Pyrrhonian Skeptics, Plutarch the scholia of the Almages t issued from and the Phoenician philosopher Porphyry), the Neoplatonician teaching of Alexandria the early Christians and the Middle Ages, were compiled in Syria around 600, in a and the Renaissance, to the seventeenth Nestorian milieu. The present paper is and eighteenth century (Evelyn, Tryon, divided in two parts: first, a general Descartes, Malebranche, De La Mettrie, presentation of the problems raised by the Kant, Spinoza and Bentham) scholia and the manuscript tradition; secondly, an edition with a French Robiano, P. Le théatre dans la "Vie translation and a brief analysis of the d'Apollonios de Tyane" de Philostrate scholia quoted by D. Pingree for Pallas. 2015, p 193-210 supporting the idea of a passage to Syria. Another little scholion comparing Pappus Sassi, M.M. How Musical was Heraclitus’ and Theon is also published. The analysis Harmony? A reassessment of 22 B 8, 10, shows that there are no clear elements 51 DK showing a link with Syria. In addition an Rhizomata. 2015, 3, 1, p 3-25 annex gives a list of the passages of This essay provides a comprehensive and Theon written in the scholia of book III of detailed analysis of a cluster of Heraclitus’ the Almagest (based on the unedited fragments that revolve around an image of papers of Joseph Mogenet), and some ‘musical’ harmony (B 8, 10, and 51 Diels- examples of laudative epithets used in the Kranz). The aim is to demonstrate that 5th and 6th centuries for naming the great more numerous as well as more specific scientists or philosophers of the time. references to contemporary musical

49 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Torrijos-Castrillejo, D. La cosmología treatise. This article presents a new textual presocrática reconstruction of the two columns of the Hypnos. 2015, 34, p 132-139 papyrus in which the same passage is Resumo: Esta nota intenta elucidar quoted and attempts: algunas cuestiones suscitadas por un 1. to contextualize the quotation inside the reciente libro publicado por Daniel W. Philodemean paraphrase of a treatise by Graham acerca de la cosmología the Stoic Diogenes of Babylon against the presocrática. Se trata de arrojar luz en rhetoricians of his time; particular sobre la comprensión del 2. to reconsider the grammatical and universo de Anaxágoras proponiendo philosophical problem of the subject of the algunas razones por las cuales, a pesar Heraclitean quotation. de la opinión de Graham, es posible Almost all scholars have considered seguir pensando que para él los astros Pythagoras to be the target of Heraclitus. sean planos. También se pretende poner But certain elements allow us to go de relieve la importancia de la teoría física beyond this old opinion and to understand general de Anaxágoras, basada en el this fragment as something of more than a movimiento circular llamado perichóresis, personal dispute. Rhetoric, according to its el cual explicaría los fenómenos de un supporters, was an 'art' since Homer's modo consistente introduciendo gran times and gained its professional sencillez en la cosmología de dicho autonomy with Corax and Tisias. There is presocrático. no reason to believe that, in quoting Heraclitus, Diogenes has totally changed UGAGLIA, M. ARISTOTLE ON PLACING the subject of the fragment he cites. That GNOMONS ROUND subject could originally have been very (PH. 3.4, 203a10–15). similar to that attested in the Philodemean Classical Quarterly. 2015, 65, 2, paraphrase, that is the education of the p 587-608 rhetoricians ... Abstract: The article offers information on various aspects related to the concept of Vauclair, S. The new Music of the unlimited. Among the topics discussed Spheres. include the role of philosophers Aristotle, Planetarian. 2014, 43, 4, p 24-30. Pythagoras, and Plato, opposition Abstract: The article discusses the between limited and unlimited, and the relation of astronomy to music. Topics philosophical-cosmological and discussed include the astronomical and mathematical states of unlimited and musical theories studied by several Greek limiting components of numbers. philosophers including the discovery of musical intervals and scales by Vassallo, C. Die Überlieferung des Fr. 18 Pythagoras, the circular motion by Marcovich Heraklits (= DK 22 B 81) Simplicius of Cilicia, and the heliocenric in PHerc. 1004 (Philodemi De rhetorlca, model by Aristarchus of Samos. Liber VII). (German) Mnemosyne. 2015, 68, 2, p 185-209 WATSON, S.B. MOUSIKÊ AND Abstract: The Heraclitean tradition in the MYSTERIES: A NIETZSCHEAN Herculaneum papyri is a topic which READING OF AESCHYLUS’ involves some of the most important BASSARIDES. research fields of ancient philosophy: Classical Quarterly. 2015, 65, 2, ethics, physics and cosmology, theology p 455-475. and aesthetics (particularly rhetoric). This Abstract: The article offers the author's paper concentrates on Heraclitus' fr. 18 insights on the conflict between Orpheus, Marcovich (= D K 22 B 81), where the pre- a Greek poet, and Dionysus, the god of Socratic philosopher talks about an the grape harvest in Greek mythology, in unspecified ... The fragment occurs in the terms of mousikê and mysteries, along seventh book of Philodemus' Rhetoric with the book "The Birth of Tragedy," by {PHerc. 1004) and is the only direct Friedrich Nietzsche. Topics discussed quotation of Heraclitus in this multi-volume include an argument on the connections

50 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

between the book and the Bassarides, the Internet: description of Nietzsche about philosopher Socrates, Encyclopedia of Plato (digital): and the connection of the Pythagoreans http://n1.xtek.gr/ime/lyceum/index.php?p=h with the history Orphic, a Greek religious ome&lang=2 (homepage). belief. entries: Constantinos Macris Wood Kimball, J.A. Hypatia, 415 CE Hierocles : Arion : a journal of humanities and the http ://n1.xtek.gr/ime/lyceum/index.php?p=le classics. 2015, 23, 1, pag. 53-54 mma&id=740&lang=2. Neopythagoreanism: Yang, S. Pythagorean Cosmology in The http://n1.xtek.gr/ime/lyceum/index.php?p=le Dead mma&id=764&lang=2. English Language and Literature Studies. Numenius : 2015, 5, p 86-90. http://n1.xtek.gr/ime/lyceum/index.php?p=le Abstract: James Joyce is one the most mma&id=765&lang=2 influential writers in the 20th century. The Porphyry: Dead is the last, the synthesis and climax http://n1.xtek.gr/ime/lyceum/index.php?p=le of Joyce’s Dubliners. Critics have made mma&id=797&lang=2. researches in detail on the artistic features and the theme of The Dead from different points of view such as historicism, http://scienceblogs.de/astrodicticum- colonialism, psychoanalytical criticism, simplex/2015/08/21/die-astronomische- feminist criticism and narratology. Very maertyrerin-hypatia-von-alexandria-und-die- few critics have noticed the influence of symbolkraft-eines-gewaltsamen-todes/ Pythagorean Cosmology in Joyce’s works, Freistetter, F. Die astronomische though it is prevailing in The Dead. This Märtyrerin: Hypatia von Alexandria und die article analyses The Dead written by Symbolkraft eines gewaltsamen Todes James Joyce from new perspectives of Scienceblogs, 21. August 2015 music and space based upon Pythagorean Ich hatte eigentlich vor, das Jahr 2015 für Cosmology, and explores the peculiar and eine monatliche Serie über Astronominnen rich content of music and space in Joyce’s zu nutzen und wollte eigentlich für jeden works. The finding of the application of Monat eine entsprechende Biografie music and space in The Dead will be auswählen und vorstellen.Und es liegt helpful to highlight the aspects which we daran, dass die Frauen im Mittelalter und may have overlooked and add a new der Antike noch viel weniger Möglichkeiten dimension to interpret The Dead. hatten in der Wissenschaft zu arbeiten als ihrer Kolleginnen der Neuzeit.Sie vertrat eine neuplatonische Philosophie, war Kynikern, im Umgang mit Menschen und https://sites.google.com/site/empedoclesacr ihren Schülern offenbar immer wieder agas/ provozierend und im damals weitestgehend Jean-Claude Picot christlichen Alexandria eine überzeugte Le but de ce site est de contribuer à faire "Heidin".Sie soll die Arithmetik des connaître des informations, des textes, des berühmten Diophantos kommentiert haben colloques concernant Empédocle. Et ainsi und auch die Arbeit über Kegelschnitte von de promouvoir les études Apollonios von Perge, einem der Begründer empédocléeennes. der Epizykeltheorie der Autour de cette page ("/home") se déploient Planetenbewegung.Bild aus dem Jahr 1865 en réseau d'autres pages. Voir "sitemap" : Die genauen Umstände sind ziemlich https://sites.google.com/site/empedoclesacr verwirrend und kompliziert und haben auf agas/system/app/pages/sitemap/list den ersten Blick auch wenig mit Hypatia Par exemple : "/bibliography-a-z" selbst zu tun.Neben den Christen lebten http://sites.google.com/site/empedoclesacra dort auch Juden und viele Anhänger gas/bibliography-a-z diverser griechischer und ägyptischer Kulte.Die Christen duldeten zwar den

51 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

Unterricht derplatonischen und nicht- https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Paulys_Reale christlichen Lehren, stellten sich aber gegen ncyclopädie_der_classischen_Altertumswis die kultischen Praktiken und Rituale der senschaft nicht-christlichen Religionen.Und hier Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen kommt jetzt Hypatia ins Spiel: Sie gehörte Altertumswissenschaft (RE) ist die zum Umfeld von Orestes, war eine umfangreichste Enzyklopädie zum Altertum. prominente und bekannte Nicht-Christin und Sie wurde ab 1890 von Georg Wissowa wurde von Kyrill deswegen angegriffen, um (1859–1931) herausgegeben und 1980 so indirekt Orestes zu treffen.Die Stimmung abgeschlossen. heizte sich immer mehr auf und irgendwann Eine vollständige Liste der bisher zog ein Mob radikaler Christen durch die transkribierten Artikel gibt die Stadt, der Hypatia verschleppte, folterte und Kategorie:Paulys Realencyclopädie der schließlich tötete.Und einerseits ist es zwar classischen Altertumswissenschaft. gut, dass Hypatia auf diese Weise dem - Eine Übersicht über die Bände der RE Vergessen entrissen wurde und nicht das findet sich hier Schicksal ihrer Kolleginnen teilen muss, die - (über die im Internet Archive frei heute ungerechterweise kaum jemand zugänglichen hier), kennt.Ererseits wird Hypatia ob ihres - das Register der Autoren hier, dramatischen Tods aber auch oft einfach - Listen sämtlicher Stichwörter hier. instrumentalisiert und ihr Leben ohne Rücksicht auf Fakten und historische http://www.jlperillie.com Jean-Luc Périllié Genauigkeit an die jeweils gewünschte Maître de conférences en philosophie Propaganda angepasst.Wer ein - ancienne - Habilité à Diriger des stellenweise sehr plakatives und manchmal Recherches - Agrégé de philosophie auch ein wenig plumpes - Buch über Université Paul Valéry de Montpellier. Religionsstreit in der Antike und Etudes de philosophie ancienne (Socrate, Kirchenkritik lesen will, hat mit dem Werk Platon, Aristote, Présocratiques, von Mauthner sicher viel Freude. pythagorisme, orphisme, épicurisme) Etudes sur Simone Weil http://www.deepmatrix.org/hermetic_geomet ry/chapter_4/ http://media.wix.com/ugd/479a3d_2535709 Chapter 4: Seven Syzygies and the Music a01e1449fa33ffce0b662efa9.pdf of the Spheres Jean-Luc Périllié by R. Russell Kinter, Copyright 2015 Mystères socratiques et traditions orales de Self-referencing geometry of Platonic solids l'eudémonisme dans les dialogues de is used to develop a philosophical machine Platon for Tarot cards Préface de Thomas Alexander Szlezak (univ. Tübingen) http://editions- Academia Verlag, Sankt Augustin, 2014- villegagnons.com/philosophy.htm 2015. ISBN 978-3-89665-646-9 Régis LAURENT AN INTRODUCTION TO ARISTOTLE’S METAPHYSICS OF TIME http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/schola UNDER TITLE : Historical research into the r?q=cache:rWnt_I3D2RIJ:scholar.google.co mythological and astronomical conceptions m/&hl=nl&as_sdt=0,5 that preceded Aristotle’s philosophy Maxwell Phillips May 4, 2015 Translated by : Trista SELOUS. ISBN- Musica Mundana: The History of “Musical” 10: 2953384618, ISBN-13 EAN: 978-2- Astronomy. 9533846-11 The idea of celestial harmony, or musica Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery. Legal mundana (music of the worlds) as it was Deposit: oct 2015 called in the middle ages, has a history at least as old as Pythagoras and continues to play a part in contemporary astronomy in the theory of orbital resonances. ...

52 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

53 Pythagoras Foundation Newsletter. No. 21, February 2016

54