Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae) Com Informações Biológicas

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Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae) Com Informações Biológicas FUNDAÇÃO UNIVERSIDA DE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO CAMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO DE RONDONÓPOLIS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E NATURAIS CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DESCRIÇÃO DA LARVA E PUPA DE Apion brevicorne GERSTAECKER, 1854 (COLEOPTERA: BRENTIDAE: APIONINAE) COM INFORMAÇÕES BIOLÓGICAS ROSANA MARIA DE LIMA RONDONÓPOLIS - MT 2020 DESCRIÇÃO DA LARVA E PUPA DE Apion brevicorne GERSTAECKER, 1854 (COLEOPTERA: BRENTIDAE: APIONINAE) COM INFORMAÇÕES BIOLÓGICAS Rosana Maria de Lima Monografia apresentada à Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis como parte dos requisitos do Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Biologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wesley Oliveira de Sousa Rondonópolis 2020 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais Biologia A comissão examinadora abaixo assinada aprova o trabalho de curso DESCRIÇÃO DA LARVA E PUPA DE Apion brevicorne GERSTAECKER, 1854 (COLEOPTERA: BRENTIDAE: APIONINAE) COM INFORMAÇÕES BIOLÓGICAS Trabalho de conclusão de curso elaborado por Rosana Maria de Lima como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Biologia Comissão Examinadora _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Wesley Oliveira de Sousa UFR – Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Tácio Vitor Duarte Simões UFR – Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Lucas Silveira Lecci FAIESP.UNIC – Faculdade de Ciência Sociais e Humanas Sobral Pinto Rondonópolis, 11 de fevereiro de 2020 Dedico esta, bem como todas as demais conquistas, a minha família em especial aos meus amados pais Amaro e Rosa por serem meu exemplo de força e honestidade. Dedico também ao meu filho Thiago por ter sido minha maior inspiração para persistir e superar os desafios. AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, Rosa e Amaro, que ao meio as dificuldades sempre priorizaram a educação dos filhos, e apesar da distância estavam presentes com palavras motivadoras. Ao corpo docente da Biologia por todo conhecimento transmitido, e assim, ter permitido chegar ao final desse ciclo. Ao meu querido orientador Wesley Oliveira de Sousa, por toda paciência, incentivo, e investimento no mundo da pesquisa. Toda sua dedicação fez possível esse trabalho acontecer, obrigada por suas palavras motivadoras em momentos de dificuldades e por ter esse amor em transmitir conhecimento. A Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso – FAPEMAT, pela concessão da bolsa no programa de iniciação científica da UFMT. A toda equipe do laboratório de Entomologia, em especial Ana Laura e Sandreli por toda colaboração e momentos de descontração. Ao professor Lucas Lecci por ter transmitido seu conhecimento do programa de ilustração científica. A Stephanie Vaz pelo auxílio na execução dos procedimentos de microscopia eletrônica na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Aos meus irmãos e minha cunhada, por sempre estarem a disposição em todos momentos que precisei, e por todo incentivo. Aos meus amigos de turma Ana Carolina, Letícia Lopes e Pedro Alberto por se tornarem tão importantes na minha vida. Ao meu marido Paulo Henrique, por todo apoio e carinho, por ser tão dedicado em me ajudar em tudo que preciso. Ao meu querido filho Thiago, que veio trazer luz, alegria e força para terminar esse ciclo. Tudo depende, pode ser que no final das contas o bater das asas de um inseto faça a diferença. Luciano Bartz RESUMO Apion brevicorne Gerstaecker, 1854 (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae) é um gorgulho de importância econômica e ecológica que se alimenta de frutos, sementes e tecidos de plantas do gênero Copaifera L. (Fabaceae). O gênero Apion compreende 16 espécies restritas à Região Paleártica e a espécie Neotropical A. brevicorne é considerada incertae sedis devido à ausência de estudos sistemáticos sobre ela. Neste estudo são fornecidas as primeiras descrições e ilustrações de A. brevicorne. Caracteres diagnósticos de larva e pupa são incluídos e comparados com 13 espécies de outras regiões biogeográficas. Detalhes dos imaturos de uma espécie de Apioninae associada a plantas hospedeira é apresentado pela primeira vez para a Região Neotropical. Palavras-chave: Apionini; Cerrado; Copaifera malmei; América do Sul; Trichapiina. ABSTRACT Apion brevicorne Gerstaecker, 1854 (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae) is an ecologically and economically important weevil that feeds on seeds and tissues of trees in the genus Copaifera L. (Fabaceae). Although the genus Apion comprises 16 species restricted to the Paleartic region, the Neotropical species A. brevicorne is still considered as incertae sedis due to the absence of a systematic study about it. The first descriptions and illustrations of Apion brevicorne are provided here. Diagnostic characters of larva and pupa are included and compared with 13 species from other biogeographic regions. Details of immature Apioninae species associated with host plants from the Neotropical region are described for the first time. Key words: Apionini, Cerrado, Copaifera malmei, South America, Trichapiina. LISTA DE TABELAS TABELA 1. Quetotaxia larval (de um lado do corpo) comparada entre o Apion brevicorne da Região Neotropical e espécies de Apioninae da Região Paleártica............................................................................................................... 21 TABELA 2. Quetotaxia pupal (de um lado do corpo) comparada entre o Apion brevicorne da Região Neotropical e espécies de Apioninae da Região Paleártica............................................................................................................... 23 LISTA DE FIGURAS FIGURAS 1-3. Larva de último instar de Apion brevicorne. (1) larva madura em vista lateral; (2) cápsula cefálica em vista frontal; (3) cápsula cefálica em vista ventral ..................................................................................................................... 25 FIGURAS 4-9. Peças bucais de Apion brevicorne. (4) clípeo e labro em vista dorsal; (5) epifaringe; (6) mandíbula em vista dorsal; (7) maxila; (8) palpo maxilar; (9) lábio......................................................................................................................... 26 FIGURAS 10-15. Micrografa larval (SEM) de Apion brevicorne. (10) hábito; (11) cápsula cefálica; (12) peças bucais; (13-14) antena; (15) espiráculo................................................................................................................ 27 FIGURAS 16-18. Pupa de Apion brevicorne fêmea. (16) vista ventral, (17) dorsal e (18) lateral............................................................................................................... 28 FIGURAS 19-22. Micrografa pupal (SEM) de Apion brevicorne fêmea. (19) vista ventral; (20) dorsal; (21) lateral; (22) abdome ventral VII- IX........................................................................................................................... 29 FIGURAS 23-28. Copaifera malmei, planta hospedeira de Apion brevicorne. (23) hábito da planta hospedeira; (24) frutos em estágio intermediário de desenvolvimento; (25) frutos maduros em estágio de deiscência; (26) A. brevicorne alimentando-se de néctar floral; (27) frutos predados; (28) frutos saudáveis..................................................................................................................30 FIGURAS 29-35. Apion brevicorne: (29) macho e (30) fêmea em vista lateral; pigídio do macho, (31) vista dorsal e (32) lateral; (33) tégmen em vista dorsal; (34) pênis em vista lateral; (35) espícula gastral.......................................................................................................................31 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................... 12 2 OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................ 15 2.1 Objetivo geral ....................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................ 15 3 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ......................................................................................... 16 4 RESULTADOS ........................................................................................................... 18 5 DISCUSSÃO ............................................................................................................... 32 6 CONCLUSÕES ........................................................................................................... 34 REFERÊNCIAS ............................................................................................................. 35 12 1 INTRODUÇÃO A subfamília Apioninae (Brentidae) (Alonso-Zarazaga & Wanat, 2014) compreende besouros geralmente muito pequenos (0.75 – 13.00 mm de comprimento, > 95% < 3 mm), que se alimentam de folhas das plantas hospedeiras das larvas. As larvas se alimentam de uma variedade de partes das plantas, incluindo raízes, inflorescências, sementes e outros tecidos onde são endófagas ou se desenvolvendo em tecidos de galhas (Alonso-Zarazaga & Wanat, 2014; De Sousa et al., 2019). Dentre os Apioninae, Apionitae é a supertribo mais diversificada e relacionada a pelo menos 23 famílias (15 ordens) de angiospermas, incluindo representantes da família Fabaceae (Anderson & Kissinger, 2002; Badenes-Perez & Jhonson, 2007;
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