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Mammalian Chromosomes Volume 10 AN ATLAS OF MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOMES VOLUME 10 T.C.HSU KURT BENIRSCHKE Department of Biology, Department of Pathology University of Texas System Cancer Center University of California, San Diego M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute La J olla, California Houston, Texas SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC [$! All rights reserved, especially that of translation into foreign languages. lt is also forbidden to reproduce this book, either whole or in part, by photomechanical means (photostat, microfilm, and/or microcard) or by other procedure without written permission from Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Catalog Card Nurober 67-19307 © 1977 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York Heidelberg Berlin in 1977 ISBN 978-1-4684-7997-3 ISBN 978-1-4615-6436-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-6436-2 lntroduction to V olume I 0 lt has heen exactly ten years since Volume l of this series An Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes was puhlished. In these ten years, cytogenetics, particularly human and mammalian cytogenetics, has had some remarkahle advances which nearly caused the classic karyotyping method to hecome obsolete overnight. These advances included the various handing tech­ niques, correlation hetween gene activities and chromosomes in somatic cell hyhrids, localization of special classes of DNA in chromosome regions hy means of in situ hyhridization, and others. In mammalian cytogenetics and cytotaxonomy, many new facts have also heen uncovered. For example, chromosome handing analyses showed that the arrangement of genetic material in mammals has heen relatively con­ servative hecause related species may have identical handing patterns. A good portion of karyotypic variahility is attrihuted to total chromosome or total arm translocations. Another source of variahility is the result of the amount and the distrihution of constitutive heterochromatin (C-hands). In a numher of species, entire chromosome arms may he made of C-hand material. Thus the concept of fundamental numher must he modified in such cases. Karyological analyses have also contrihuted suhstantially to systematics of mammals. In many cases, cytogenetic findings confirm taxonomists' con­ tention regarding species relationships. For example, a numher of taxono­ mists consider that Peromyscus {Ochrotomys) nuttalli should not he clas­ sified as a memher -of Peromyscus. Cytological data revealed that Ochrotomys nuttallinot only possesses a diploid numher (2n=52) different from all Peromyscus species (2n=48), hut also has different handing pat­ terns, indicating remote phylogenetic relationships. More positively, cyto­ genetic work has assisted taxonomy in identifying taxa which are morpho­ logically similar. The cottonrat Sigmadon hispidus has a prevailing diploid numher of 52, hut the discovery of cotton rat populations in Arizona with a diploid numher of 22 emphatically indicates that the two forms are genetically so distaut that they cannot he classified as one species. Extensive data have heen accumulated to demoostrate that in many taxa, especially Rodentia, the chromosomes are so polymorphic that it is difficult to assign one karyotype as the standard for the species. On the other hand, in other taxa, e.g., Cetacea, Felidae, etc., many species share the same or very similar karyotype. Thus in the former cases, many karyotypes are required to represent one species whereas in the latter cases, one karyotype may suffice for a numher of species. Since this Atlas series was initiated hefore the discovery of new facts, and since cytogenetic data were ac­ cumulated during the last decade, deficiency of pictorial presentation in one and occasional duplication in the other are evident when one examines the entire Atlas series. In all previous volumes we placed 50 folios for each installment. In the great majority of cases, each folio contained a male karyotype and a female karyotype of one species, hut in a few instances we presented more than one species per folio. In the present volume, however, we present more than 50 folios since Volume 10 is the last planned volume of this series. This does lll iv I lntroduction not mean that in the future additional compilations of karyotypes will not he appended; hut these will not he done on a regular hasis. Even though conventional karyotypes are now somewhat out of date, they still provide hasic information regarding chromosome constitution of a species, a suhspecies, or a population. In fact, even in handing analyses, standard karyotypes are still necessary for the exact morphology of each chromosome hecause the morphological definition of handed chromosomes is not as sharp as that of the conventionally stained preparations. Thus we helieve that this Atlas series will remain useful as a general reference. lt is premature to compile handed karyotypes since not many species have heen analyzed in detail and only a few whose handed chromosomes have heen competently worked out and standard nomenclature agreed upon. How­ ever, it is comforting to see that technological advances in the recent years have made remarkahle improvements of our tools and some significant changes in our concepts in mammalian cytogenetics, cytotaxonomy and cytoevolution. T. C. Hsu Kurt Benirschke Contents (Volume 10) MONOTREMATA Folio No. TACHYGLOSSIDAE Tachyglossus aculeatus (Spiny anteater, Echidna) 451 MARSUPIALIA PHASCOLARCTIDAE Phascolarctos cinereus (Koala) 452 VOMBATIDAE Vomhatus ursinus (Naked-nosed womhat) 453 CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIDAE Hypsignathus monstrosus (Hammer-headed fruit hat) 454 Pteropus poliocephalus (Gray-headed fruit hat, flying fox) 455 RODENTIA PEDETIDAE Pedetes capensis (Springhaas) 456 CRICETIDAE Akodon arviculoides 457 Akodon (Thaptomys) nigrita nigrita 458 Akodon sp. 459 Myopus schisticolor (W ood Iemming) 460 Oryzomys nigripes (Rato-do-cacau; Ratinho-praga) 461 Oryzomys palustris aquaticus (Marsh rice rat) 462 Oryzomys ratticeps tropicius (Rato-do-mato ferrugineo) 463 Oryzomys suhflavus (Rato-de-cana; Rato vermelho) 464 Thomasomys (Delomys) dorsalis collinus (Rato-do-mato) 465 Zygodontomys lasiurus 466 MURIDAE Conilurus penicillatus 467 Laporillus conditor 468 Mastacomys fuscus 469 Melomys littoralis (Top) 470 Melomys cervinipes (Bottom) 470 Notomys alexis 471 Notomys fuscus 472 Pseudomys alhocinereus 473 Pseudomys delicatulus 474 Pseudomys grassilicaudatus (Top) 475 V vi I Contents Folio No. Pseudomys shortridgei (Bottom) 475 Pseudomys hermannshurgensis (Top) 476 Pseudomys higginsi (Bottom) 476 Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Top) 477 Pseudomys australis (Bottom) 477 Pseudomys praeconis (Top) 478 Pseudomys fumeus (Middle) 478 Pseudomys namus (Bottom) 478 Rattus fuscipes 479 Rattus lutreolus (Top) 480 Rattus tunneyi (Bottom) 480 Zyzomys woodwardi (Top) 481 Zyzomys argurus (Bottom) 481 GLIRIDAE Glis glis (Common doormouse) 482 ECHIMYIDAE Clyomys laticeps laticeps 483 CARNIVORA URSIDAE Tremarctos ornatus (Spectacled hear) 484 CANIDAE Dusicyon griseus (South American grey fox) 485 CETACEA BALAENOPTERIDAE Balaenoptera musculus (Blue whale) 486 DELPHINIDAE Glohicephala macrorhyncha (Short-finned pilot whale) 487 Lagenorhynchus ohliquidens (Pacific white-striped porpoise) 488 Lissodelphis horealis (Northern right whale dolphin) 489 Stenella attenuata (White-dotted dolphin or slender-heaked porpoise) 490 INIIDAE lnia geoffrensis (Amazonian dolphin) 491 MONODONTIDAE Delphinapterus leuca (Beluga whale) 492 ZIPHIIDAE Mesoplodon carlhuhhsi (Archheaked whale) 493 PINNIPEDIA PHOCIDAE Mirounga angustirostris (Northern elephant seal) 494 ODOBENIDAE Odohenus rosmarus (Walrus) 495 vii I Contents Folio No. SIRENIA TRICHECHIDAE Trichechus manatus latirostris (Manatee) 496 ARTIODACTYLA SUIDAE Phacochoerus aethiopicus (W arthog) 497 CERVIDAE Axis porcinus (Hog deer) 498 Mazama americana temama (Red brocket deer) 499 BOVIDAE Bos grunniens (Yak) 500 Budorcas t. taxicolor (Takin) 501 Cephalophus zehra (Zebra duiker) d" 502 Cephalophus maxwelli (Maxwell's duiker)~ 502 Gazella leptoceros (Slender-horned gazelle) 503 Gazella suhgutturosa (Persian gazelle) 504 Kohus leche leche (Red lechwe) d" 505 Kohus megaceros (Nile lechwe)~ 505 Oryx leucoryx (Arabian oryx) 506 HIPPOPOTAMIDAE Hippopotamus amphihius (Nile hippopotamus) 507 PRIMATES LEMURIDAE Lemur coronatus (Crowned Iemur) 508 Leumur fulvus alhifrons (White-fronted Iemur) 509 LORISIDAE Arctocehus calahrensis (Angwantibo) 510 Galago senegalensis hraccatus (Bushbaby) 5ll Perodicticus potto (Potto) 512 CEBIDAE Callicehus torquatus (Tan-handed titi) 513 Cacajo calvus d" (Bald uakari) 514 Cacajo ruhicundus ~ (Red uakari) 514 Pithecia p. pithecia (Pale-headed saki) 515 CERCOPITHECIDAE Preshytis m. melalophus (Brown langur) 516 Preshytis senex (Purple-faced leaf-monkey) 517 PONGIDAE Hylohates lar (White-handed gibbon) 518 Cumulative Contents (Volumes 1 to 10) Folio No. MONOTREMATA TACHYGLOSSIDAE Tachyglossus aculeatus (Spiny anteater, Echidna) 451 MARSUPIALIA DIDELPHIDAE Caluromys derhianus (W oolly opossum) 101 Chironectes panamensis (W ater opossum) 351 Didelphis alhiventris 251 Didelphis marsupialis (Opossum) 201 Didelphis marsupialis virginiana (American opossum) 51 Lutreolina crassicaudata (Little water opossum) 352 Marmosa alstoni (Alston's opossum) 202 Marmosa murina (Mouse opossum) 203 Marmosa pusilla hruchi 401 Marmosa rohinsoni (Rohinson's mouse opossum) 252 Monodeiphis hrevicaudata (Short-tailed opossum) 253 Philander opossum (Four-eyed opossum) 254 DASYURIDAE Dasyurops maculatus (Spotted-tailed Australian native cat) 255 Sminthopsis
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