Rosters in the Mining Industry
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'"•i "^i"'" •'VX '"^ .-•»'i / • -"^í."";-.^ • ;—V " • \ •• •• i " . -''i : " • ' Ï i. - v- ^ . •• - .. V-'.^-v.- ' PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Parkin First name: Raymond other name/s: John Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: ME School: Mining Engineering Faculty: Engineering Title: The Impact of Legislation And Other Factors On The Safety Performance Of Australian Coal Mines Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) The theme of the thesis is to investigate the current safety paradigm in the Australian coal mining industry and establish if the safety performance is improving. The number of fatalities, serious bodily injuries and high potential injuries is unsatisfactory according to community standards. People are still being killed and there is little evidence of a sustained improvement trend over the last decade. Lost time injuries have reduced dramatically, but are now plateauing and over the last few/ years along with high potential injuries and other safety indicators are trending upwards. This research has found that hundreds of serious injuries are not being reported which would have a significant effect on safety indicators in the Industry. Fatigue and awareness issues as well as travel times to work are having a major impact on safety at work, which is particularly evident when employees are working 12-hour shifts. The rapid expansion of the mining industry has required the growing use of contractors, hence creating a more inexperienced workforce. Another significant finding is that there is a close association between the level of fatalities recorded and the growing use of contract labour in the industry. This research has demonstrated that the current approach to prosecution is counter productive, as it inhibits thorough safety investigation and creates a defensive rather than a proactive safety culture. This approach has resulted in an unwillingness by companies to examine the root causes of accidents and incidents for the fear of being prosecuted. This research has shown there is a lack of trust between mining companies, the unions and the inspectorate. It has been stated that miners lives are at risk because of the shortage of Inspectors in Queensland and that the inspectorate was not meeting its compliance obligations. There is a "disconnect" between what mining companies aspire to achieve at the corporate level with their safety management systems and what is achieved at the coal face. The thesis has demonstrated that safety performance is deteriorating and in order to improve this situation recommendations have been made regarding prosecution, contractors, fatigue, safety and health management systems, hours of work, audits and remuneration for inspectors. Declaration relating to disposition of project thesis/dissertation I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.1 retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstracts International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). Signature Witness ' Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances requiring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests for restriction for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances and require the approval of the Dean of Graduate Research. FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date of completion of requirements for Award: THIS SHEET IS TO BE GLUED TO THE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THE THESIS COPYRinHT ?;TATCMCMT COPYRIGHT STATEMENT M hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation In whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future wori<s (such as articles or books) ail or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract Intemationa! (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my thesis or I have obtained permission to use copyright material; where permission has not been granted I have applied/will apply for a partial restriction of the digital copy of my thesis or dissert^^n.' ^ Date AUTHENTICIP*^ STATEMENT 'I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis. No emendation of content has occurred and if there are any minor variations in fomriatting, they are the result of the conversion to digital wmat.' /» Signed Date ORIGINALITY STATEMENT 'I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.' Signed Date THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATION AND OTHER FACTORS ON THE SAFETY PERFORMANCE OF AUSTRALIAN COAL MINES Raymond John Parkin A thesis submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Mining Engineering School of Mining Engineering University of New South Wales August 2009 ABSTRACT The theme of the thesis is to investigate the current safety paradigm in the Australian coal mining industry and establish if the safety performance is improving. The number of fatalities, serious bodily injuries and high potential injuries is unsatisfactory according to community standards. People are still being killed and there is little evidence of a sustained improvement trend over the last decade. Lost time injuries have reduced dramatically, but are now plateauing and over the last few years along with high potential injuries and other safety indicators are trending upwards. This research has found that hundreds of serious injuries are not being reported which would have a significant effect on safety indicators in the hidustry. Fatigue and awareness issues as well as travel times to work are having a major impact on safety at work, which is particularly evident when employees are working 12-hour shifts. The rapid expansion of the mining industry has required the growing use of contractors, hence creating a more inexperienced workforce. Another significant finding is that there is a close association between the level of fatalities recorded and the growing use of contract labour in the industry. This research has demonstrated that the current approach to prosecution is counter productive, as it inhibits thorough safety investigation and creates a defensive rather than a proactive safety culture. This approach has resulted in an unwillingness by companies to examine the root causes of accidents and incidents for the fear of being prosecuted. This research has shown there is a lack of trust between mining companies, the unions and the inspectorate. It has been stated that miners lives are at risk because of the shortage of hispectors in Queensland and that the inspectorate was not meeting its compliance obligations. There is a "disconnect" between what mining companies aspire to achieve at the corporate level with their safety management systems and what is achieved at the coal face. The thesis has demonstrated that safety performance is deteriorating and in order to improve this situation recommendations have been made regarding prosecution, contractors, fatigue, safety and health management systems, hours of work, audits and remuneration for inspectors. n ACKNOWLEGEMENTS This thesis would not have been completed without the support and encouragement of a number of people. First of all I would like to thank my supervisors Emeritus Professor Frank Roxborough and Associate Professor David Laurence for their encouragement and direction, which has enabled me to achieve my objectives regarding this thesis. I would like to acknowledge the many industry colleagues and friends that I have had discussions with, which has enabled me complete this work. On a personal note, I would like to acknowledge my son Simon for his invaluable help with computer technology. Finally, I would like to thank my wife Rosemary for her support, patience, understanding and encouragement throughout the writing of this thesis. m TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION - AN HISTORICAL REVIEW OF MINING, LEGISLATION AND SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN THE AUSTRALIAN MINING INDUSTRY 1 1.1 History Of Coal Mining