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Download Date 09/10/2021 10:47:18 Pêcherie démersale côtière au Sénégal. Essai de modélisation de la dynamique de l'exploitation des stocks Item Type Theses and Dissertations Authors Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris (France); Fall, Massal Download date 09/10/2021 10:47:18 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5004 UNIVERSITE MONTPELLIER 2 SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES DU LANGUEDOC THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE MONTPELLIER 2 Discipline : Ecologie Fonctionnelle Formation Doctorale : Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Naturels et Cultivés Ecole Doctorale : S.I.B.A.G.H.E Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Massal FALL Le 06 Novembre 2009 Thème : Pêcherie démersale côtière au Sénégal – Essai de modélisation de la dynamique de l’exploitation des stocks Jury Docteur Alassane SAMBA, Centre de Recherches Océanographiques de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), Sénégal, Président Docteur Francis LALOË , Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), France, Directeur de thèse Professeur Thang DO CHI , Université de Montpellier 2 (UM2), France, Co-directeur de thèse Docteur Jocelyn FERRARIS , Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), France, Rapporteur Professeur Didier GASCUEL , Agro campus de Rennes (ENSAR), France, Rapporteur Professeur David MOUILLOT , Université de Montpellier 2 (UM2), France, Examinateur i UNIVERSITE MONTPELLIER 2 SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES DU LANGUEDOC THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE MONTPELLIER 2 Discipline : Ecologie Fonctionnelle Formation Doctorale : Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Naturels et Cultivés Ecole Doctorale : S.I.B.A.G.H.E Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Massal FALL Le 06 Novembre 2009 Thème : Pêcherie démersale côtière au Sénégal – Essai de modélisation de la dynamique de l’exploitation des stocks Jury Docteur Alassane SAMBA, Centre de Recherches Océanographiques de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), Sénégal, Président Docteur Francis LALOË , Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), France, Directeur de thèse Professeur Thang DO CHI , Université de Montpellier 2 (UM2), France, Co-directeur de thèse Docteur Jocelyn FERRARIS , Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), France, Rapporteur Professeur Didier GASCUEL , Agro campus de Rennes (ENSAR), France, Rapporteur Professeur David MOUILLOT , Université de Montpellier 2 (UM2), France, Examinateur ii Dédicaces Ce modeste travail est dédié : A mes défunts parents, en témoignage de tout le respect que je continue à leur vouer A mes enfants, Ibrahima et Fatou, en témoignage de tout le bien que je leur souhaite A mes frères, sœurs, neveux, nièces, cousins et cousines, pour tout ce qui nous lie A ma femme Aïchatou M. Camara et à sa famille, en témoignage de toute ma reconnaissance A mes parents pêcheurs guet-ndariens dont cette thèse m’a singulièrement rapprochée In memoriam à mon cousin Yatma Sadio décédé une semaine avant ma soutenance A Youssouph Diatta, Mountaga Thiam, Mor Guèye et Abdoulaye Sylla, amicalement A la promotion des « 100 » (année 1981) de l’Ecole Militaire de Santé de Dakar A l’Armée Sénégalaise pour toutes les facilités administratives A tout le personnel de l’ISRA, en particulier au Directeur Général et au Directeur Scientifique A tous les chefs de centre successifs du CRODT, spécialement MM. Diadhiou, Samba et Barry In memoriam, au personnel décédé du CRODT : Bassirou Ndiaye, Mané, Mme Mbodj, Sané, etc. Aux techniciens du CRODT : Madiabel, Mandiémé, Sérigne, Mor, Biagui, Fallou, etc. A mes doyens en pêche démersale : Domain, Caverivière, Modou et Djiby. En toute modestie ! A tous les personnels des N/O Louis Sauger et Itaf Dème. Avec toute ma reconnaissance ! A tout le personnel administratif du CRODT et de l’ISRA, surtout Mme Sarr, Rama et Kankou A mes collègues chercheurs : Diallo, Ndiaga, Fambaye, Dème, Birane, Djiga, Bass, Bousso, etc. Aux familles Ndong, Camara, Muret, Laloë, Lallemand et aux amis de Montpellier A Marion Poudevigne et Solange (UM2) et Nathalie Finot (IRD) pour leurs appuis et conseils iii Remerciements Mme Jocelyne Ferraris a volontiers accepté d’être un des rapporteurs de notre thèse. Sa riche et longue expérience des pêcheries sénégalaises et sa qualité de biostatisticienne très versée dans les études relatives aux tactiques et stratégies de pêche en font assurément un membre de jury idéal. Pour toutes ses raisons, nous luis exprimons notre gratitude et nos sentiments admiratifs. M. Didier Gascuel a eu à me dispenser le cours de Dynamique des Populations Marines Exploitées à l’Agrocampus de Rennes, ex Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie de Rennes (ENSAR), de 1999 à 2000. De cet enseignement ainsi que des nombreuses publications qu’il a faites ou aux auxquelles il a collaborées, je garde de lui l’image d’un scientifique pétri de savoir, passionné de sa discipline, disponible et d’une très grande ouverture d’esprit. C’est donc un très grand honneur pour moi de le compter dans mon jury de thèse. Avec M. David Mouillot , j’ai eu à initier des analyses statistiques non insérées dans la présente thèse mais qui m’auront laissées une forte impression quant à son savoir-faire et à la rigueur de sa démarche scientifique. Je garde le ferme espoir que cette collaboration sera « réchauffée » bientôt et lui exprime, en conséquence, toute ma reconnaissance. M. Alassane Samba , en sa qualité de chercheur sénior puis de Directeur du CRODT, m’a toujours enjoint de « faire » ma thèse. Je ne le remercierai jamais assez pour la qualité de l’encadrement et les nombreuses remarques qu’il a eues à me faire dans la conduite de ce travail. Son expertise en pêche artisanale sénégalaise m’a particulièrement frappée. Tous mes respects, cher doyen et…président ! M. Francis Laloë s’est tellement impliqué à toutes les étapes de ma thèse que je peine à trouver les mots pour le remercier. En une telle circonstance, les mots du cœur valent mieux que ceux que l’on exprime oralement ou par écrit. Qu’il soit donc assuré de tout le bien que je pense de lui. M. Thang Do Chi m’a fait l’insigne insigne honneur de codiriger ma thèse et de m’apporter son appui et ses conseils en toute circonstance ; ce, malgré ses nombreuses obligations et contraintes. Merci infiniment, Professeur ! M. Bernard Godelle , responsable de l’Ecole Doctorale S.I.B.A.G.H.E, puissiez vous trouver ici l’expression de ma reconnaissance pour la compréhension dont vous n’avez jamais cessé de faire montre à mon endroit. M. Saliou Ndiaye , Directeur des Etudes de l’ENSA de Thiès (Sénégal), veuillez trouver ici toute l’expression de ma reconnaissance pour avoir guidé mes premiers pas en analyse de données, notamment en biométrie, et pour votre grande disponibilité. Enfin, last but not least, merci infiniment à l’ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) et à la Coopération Française (Lionel Kinadjian et Audrey de Forville, notamment) pour les appuis multiformes : bourses de formation continue, facilitations, etc. Merci aussi aux concepteurs du logiciel Genstat® Discovery 3rd Edition mis gratuitement à la disposition des chercheurs du Sud. iv Table des matières Dédicaces ............................................................................................................................................................... iii Remerciements ....................................................................................................................................................... iv Table des matières ................................................................................................................................................... v Liste des tableaux ................................................................................................................................................... vi Liste des figures .................................................................................................................................................... vii Liste des acronymes et abrégés ............................................................................................................................... 8 Résumé .................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Chapitre I : Pêcherie démersale côtière au Sénégal .............................................................................................. 19 1.1. Côte sénégalaise .................................................................................................................. 19 1.1.1. Zone nord ............................................................................................................................. 19 1.1.2. Zone Centre ......................................................................................................................... 21 1.1.3. Zone Sud .............................................................................................................................. 21 1.2. Caractéristiques hydrologiques ............................................................................................ 22 1.2.1. Eaux continentales ............................................................................................................... 22 1.2.2. Eaux marines ....................................................................................................................... 22 1.3. Saisons hydrologiques ........................................................................................................
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