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Idade E Crescimento Do Batata Lopholatilus Villarii (Teleostei, Malacanthidae) Na Região Central Da Zee, Entre S Alvador (Ba) E O Cabo De S Ão Tomé (Rj )1

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Idade E Crescimento Do Batata Lopholatilus Villarii (Teleostei, Malacanthidae) Na Região Central Da Zee, Entre S Alvador (Ba) E O Cabo De S Ão Tomé (Rj )1 IDADE E CRESCIMENTO DO BATATA LOPHOLATILUS VILLARII (TELEOSTEI, MALACANTHIDAE) NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DA ZEE, ENTRE S ALVADOR (BA) E O CABO DE S ÃO TOMÉ (RJ )1 GIANMARCO S. DAVID, PAULO A. S. COSTA, EDUARDO B. FAGUNDES NETTO, LUIZ R. GAELZER & ADRIANA C. BRAGA RESUMO: Idade e crescimento do peixe-batata, Lopholatilus villarii, foram estimados a partir da contagem de anéis de crescimento em cortes finos de otólitos sagitta de 214 machos (510-1.064 mm de comprimento total), 441 fêmeas (410-880 mm) e 34 exemplares imaturos (375-650 mm) amostrados em três cruzeiros de pesquisa realizados na região central da ZEE brasileira entre 13o e 22oS no período 1996-1999. As relações peso-comprimento foram significativamente diferentes (ANCOVA, p< 0,05) entre os sexos (machos: y= 4E-09x3.1824; fêmeas: y= 1E-08x3.0164). A análise do incremento marginal baseada em 190 otólitos sugere que os anéis de crescimento formam-se anualmente, completando sua aposição no verão. As idades mínimas e máximas foram respectivamente 7 e 47 para machos, e 5 e 43 para fêmeas. Os parâmetros da equação de crescimento de Von Bertalanffy para machos, fêmeas e sexos agrupados foram respectivamente: comprimento total assintótico (L¥ ), 923, 708 e 811 mm; taxa -1 de crescimento (k), 0,10; 0,11 e 0,11 anos e tempo inicial (t0), 0,31; 0,21 e 0,26 anos. As curvas de crescimento e os parâmetros individuais foram significativamente diferentes entre machos e fêmeas quando comparados através do método da máxima verossimilhança. Observou-se acentuada variação latitudinal na estrutura etária, provavelmente em resposta a diferentes intensidades de exploração pesqueira. Os resultados indicam tratar-se de uma espécie de vida longa e crescimento lento, características associadas a uma grande vulnerabilidade aos efeitos da sobreexploração. P ALAVRAS-CHAVE: otólitos, Lopholatilus, idade, crescimento. ABS TRACT: Age and growth of the tilefish Lopholatilus villarii (Teleostei, Malacanthidae) in the Central Brazilian EEZ, from Salvador (BA) to Cabo de São Tomé (RJ) Age and growth of the tilefish Lopholatilus villarii were estimated based on counts of growth rings on sections of sagittal otoliths of 214 males (510-1064 mm total length), 441 females (410-880 mm) and 34 individuals of unknown sex (375-650 mm) sampled from 3 research cruises off Brazilian central EEZ from 13o to 22o S between 1996-1999. Weight-length relations were significantly different (ANCOVA, p< 0.05) by sex (males: y= 4E-09x3.1824; females: y= 1E-08x3.0164). Marginal increment analysis based on 190 otoliths suggested that growth rings are formed once a year and rings are completed in summer. Minimum and maximum ages were 7 and 47 years, respectively, for males, and 5 and 43 for females. The Von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters for males, females, and both sexes combined, respectively, were: total asymptotic length (L¥ ), 923, -1 708 and 811 mm; growth rate (k) 0.10, 0.11 and 0.11 years ; and initial time (t0) 0.31, 0.21 and 0.26 years. Growth curves and individual parameters were statistically different between sexes when compared with maximum likelihood method. There was a latitudinal variation in age structure, probably due to differential fishing pressure. Our results show that L. villarii is a long- lived and relatively slow-growing species, characteristics that might render it rather vulnerable to overfishing. KEYWO RDS : otoliths, Lopholatilus, age, growth. INTRO DUÇÃO Andrade-Tubino, 1998). É um predador de porte relativamente grande (alcança 1,4 m e mais de 20 kg) e O peixe-batata, Lopholatilus villarii Miranda Ribeiro 1915, suas principais presas são equinodermos, crustáceos e é um malacantídeo com distribuição restrita ao Atlântico peixes (Carvalho-Filho, 1992). sul ocidental, onde ocorre desde o nordeste brasileiro até Existem algumas características comuns a todos o norte da Argentina (Figueiredo & Menezes, 1980; malacantídeos já estudados, que provavelmente aplicam- Alencar et al., 1998; Dooley, 1978). Habita a plataforma se também a L. villarii, das quais podemos citar o hábito continental e talude, com preferência por profundidades territorialista (Harris et al., 2001) e gregário, com de 200 a 250 m, em fundos de cascalho e lama (Paiva & hierarquia social (Baird & Baird, 1992). Isto permite aos 1 DAVID, G.S.; COSTA, P.A.S.; FAGUNDES NETTO, E.B.; GAELZER, L.R.; BRAGA, A.C. 2005. Idade e crescimento do batata Lopholatilus villarii (Teleostei, Malacanthidae) na região central da ZEE, entre Salvador (BA) e o Cabo de São Tomé (RJ). In: COSTA, P.A.S.; MARTINS, A.S.; OLAVO, G. (Eds.) Pesca e potenciais de exploração de recursos vivos na região central da Zona Econômica Exclusiva brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional. p.217-230 (Série Livros n.13). 218 G.S.DAVID, P.A.S.COSTA, E.B.FAGUNDES NETTO, L.R.GAELZER & A.C.BRAGA indivíduos maiores e mais velhos predominar em áreas Na costa central, em quatro cruzeiros de prospecção favoráveis (Okumura et al., 1996), onde o tipo de fundo pesqueira com espinhel de fundo realizados com é adequado à construção de tocas e túneis, constituindo embarcações arrendadas da frota de espinheleiros de centros de concentração de peixes e crustáceos (Able et Itajaí-SC, L.villarii foi a principal espécie capturada, com al., 1982). Considerando que esta é uma das espécies maiores rendimentos nas áreas mais planas e recobertas demersais mais abundantes na área de estudo (Martins com fundos de lama (Martins et al., 2005). Ainda assim, et al., 2005), é provável que constitua um elemento os mestres das embarcações consideraram os rendimentos ecologicamente relevante na estruturação da comunidade muito baixos quando comparados aos obtidos nas regiões bentônica na plataforma externa da ZEE da costa central. Sudeste e Sul do Brasil e concluíram que, para o petrecho L. villarii se destaca nos desembarques da frota espinheleira utilizado (espinhel com cabo de aço), a espécie não do Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, onde representou o principal produziu rendimentos comercialmente sustentáveis, em recurso entre 1996 e 1999 nos portos de Niterói (RJ), função de sua baixa abundância e da pouca Ubatuba (SP) e Santos (SP), com uma captura total de disponibilidade de fundos lamosos na região. 2.006 t, equivalente a 41% da produção total de peixes O presente estudo é uma contribuição para o estabelecimento demersais desembarcados em 2.171 viagens de uma frota de bases científicas na determinação de limites sustentáveis de 229 embarcações (Ávila-da-Silva, 2002). No porto de para a exploração deste recurso pesqueiro, através da Rio Grande, entre 1997 e 1998, foi a segunda espécie em obtenção de informações sobre a estrutura etária e os importância nos desembarques, onde representou 31,6% parâmetros da equação de crescimento de Von Bertalanffy e 21,7% da captura total anual, respectivamente (Haimovici para os estratos populacionais de L. villarii encontrados entre & Velasco, 2001). Uma tendência de queda acentuada na Salvador (BA) e o Cabo de São Tomé (RJ). pesca de L. villarii foi observada em ambas as regiões onde se desenvolveu a pescaria comercial dirigida a esta espécie, e a diminuição da captura total associada ao aumento no MATERIAL E MÉTODOS esforço indica que a pesca do recurso ultrapassou sua capacidade de sustentação (Haimovici & Velasco, 2003). As amostras foram obtidas em três cruzeiros de prospecção pesqueira realizados entre 1996 e 1999 na área que Nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, os levantamentos abrange a porção central da ZEE, delimitada ao norte dos cruzeiros de prospecção pesqueira com espinhel de pela cidade de Salvador (13oS) e ao sul pelo Cabo de fundo conduzidos no âmbito do Programa REVIZEE/ São Tomé (22oS) (Figura 1). Todos os exemplares desta SCORE Sul identificaram L. villarii como um dos espécie capturados nos cruzeiros foram incluídos nas principais recursos demersais da plataforma continental estimativas de idade e crescimento. externa e talude, entre 100 e 500 m de profundidade (Haimovici et al., 1997). A despeito de sua importância Os cruzeiros foram realizados com embarcações nestas regiões, L. villarii não se constitui um recurso- arrendadas da pesca comercial, equipadas com espinhel alvo para grande parte da frota de linheiros que opera de fundo com cabo principal de aço de 4,8 mm de na região central da costa brasileira. Entre Salvador e diâmetro e linhas secundárias (alças) de monofilamento Vitória, a frota dirige a maior parte do esforço a espécies de 02 mm de diâmetro, presas ao cabo principal por um recifais capturadas com linhas de mão sobre fundos grampo (snapper). Nas alças, foram usados anzóis Mustad o consolidados da plataforma continental ou espécies tipo Tunna-Circle n 13/0, iscados com lula argentina (Illex pelágicas capturadas com corrico e espinhéis de argentinus). Na ocasião das coletas, cada exemplar foi superfície (Costa et al., 2005). Até o final da década de identificado com uma etiqueta plástica numerada, 80, a espécie era desembarcada pela frota de linheiros preservando as informações individuais de data e local de Itaipava (ES), juntamente com outros recursos de captura. Uma descrição mais detalhada da arte de demersais de plataforma externa, como cherne pesca e dos equipamentos utilizados nos cruzeiros pode (Epinephelus niveatus), namorado (Pseudopercis ser encontrada em Martins et al. (2005). numida) e o pargo-rosa (Pagrus pagrus). Porém, a partir No laboratório, todos os peixes capturados foram medidos de 1988, observou-se uma mudança completa nas (comprimento total – Ct: mm), pesados (peso total – Pt: espécies-alvo, petrechos e áreas de pesca utilizadas pela 0,001 g) e dissecados para extração dos otólitos (sagitta) frota, que redirecionou o esforço para a captura de atuns e análise macroscópica das gônadas (Vazzoler, 1981). Os e afins, usando principalmente corricos e espinhéis de otólitos foram limpos em solução aquosa de hipoclorito superfície (Martins et al., 2005). de sódio (0,005%), enxaguados em água pura, secos e IDADE E CRESCIMENTO DO BATATA (LOPHOLATILUS VILLARII) 219 armazenados em sacos plásticos.
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