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Kitab-Kitab Karya Ulama Pembaharukitab-Kitab Karya Ulama Pembaharu Imam Ghazali Said Imam Ghazali Said KITAB-KITAB KARYA ULAMA PEMBAHARU Imam Ghazali Said KITAB-KITAB KARYA ULAMA PEMBAHARU Biografi, Pemikiran dan Gerakan Biografi, Pemikiran dan Gerakan i KITAB-KITAB KARYA ULAMA PEMBAHARU Biografi, Pemikiran dan Gerakan © Imam Ghazali Said. 2017 All rights reserved Penulis: Imam Ghazali Said Lay Out: Ahmad Faiz, Ismail Amrulloh Design Sampul: Ahmad Faiz, Ismail Amrulloh Copyright © 2017 Hak Cipta dilindungi oleh Undang-undang Dilarang memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini dalam bentuk apapun, baik secara elektronis maupun mekanis termasuk memfotocopy, merekam atau dengan sistem penyimpanan lainnya tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit Diterbitkan oleh: PT. Duta AKSARA MULIA Kutisari Indah Barat 6 No 1 Surabaya Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Kitab/Imam Ghazali Said Surabaya: UIN Sunan Ampel Press, 2017 x + 254 hlm, 15 x 23.5 cm, Cetakan 1, Desember 2017 ISBN: 978-602-96415-3-0 ii Kitab-Kitab Karya Ulama Pembaharu digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id PENGANTAR PENULIS Ungkapan syukur seharusnya penulis persembahkan kepada Allah Swt yang menganugerahkan kemampuan sehingga penulis bisa menyelesaikan buku ini dengan segala kelebihan dan kelemahannya. Untaian doa kedamaian semoga tercurah kepada junjungan segenap manusia Muhammad saw, keluarga, sahabat dan para pengikutnya sampai hari pembalasan. Secara normatif ulama pembaharu itu disebut dalam beberapa hadis antara lain beliau bersabda: “ Sungguh Allah akan mengutus pembaharu agama ini pada setiap ujung seratus tahun”. (Hr Abu Daud). Terlepas dari ragam interpretasi, buku ini adalah bagian dari realisasi pemahaman hadis di atas. Sebagai tafsir terhadap hadis ini Abdul Mutaal al-Sha’idi mengkaji ulama pembaharu sepanjang sejarah Islam dalam buku yang berjudul al-Mujaddiduna fi al-Islam (Ulama Pembaharu Sepanjang Sejarah Islam). Dua pembaharu dari tujuh ulama dalam buku ini, tepatnya Abu Hamid al-Ghazali dan Ibn Rusyd adalah ulama pembaharu senior yang sangat produktif yang dipaparkan oleh al-Sha’idi. Buku ini mengeksplorasi gagasan mereka secara kritis via karya monumentalnya; Ihya’ Ulumuddin dan Bidayatul Muqtasid. Tidak seperti al-Sha’idi yang cenderung romantis, buku ini berusaha obyektif, kritis dan menghindari romantisme intelektual. Dua pembaharu ini -walaupun mereka hidup pada yang berbeda-, terlibat dalam polemik intelektual yang sangat mencerahkan. Biografi, Pemikiran dan Gerakan iii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id Karena yang menjadi fokus adalah produk pemikiran, maka sasaran kajiannya adalah produk pemikiran ulama pembaharu. Untuk itulah penulis meresensi buku al-Muwafaqat fi Ushul al-Syari’ah karya al-Syatibi. Ia dan Ibn Rusyd adalah representasi ulama pembaharu dari kawasan barat dunia Islam ( Andalusia, kini Spanyol) yang memiliki ciri khas tataran rasionalitas yang cukup akurat. Al-Syatibi oleh sejumlah peneliti dianggap sebagai bapak Ilmu al-Maqashid dalam usul fikih yang menginsipirasi ulama ushul setelahnya. Walaupun Andalusia sejak abad ke 15 lepas ke tangan penguasa non muslim, tidak membuat produk pemikirannya terabaikan; bahkan saat ini gagasan al-Syatibi justru digandrungi banyak peneliti. Selanjutnya buku ini mengeksplorasi karya pembaharu abad ke 19 Jamaluddin al-Afgani melalui bukunya: Al-Radd ‘Ala al- Dahriyyin ( Jawaban Untuk Kaum Naturalis) . Pada masanya dengan argumen filosofis buku ini mampu mematahkan argumen saintis yang cenderung ateis dalam konteks India-Pakistan-Bangladesh saat itu. Buku ini ditulis dalam bahasa Persia dan diterjemah ke dalam bahasa Arab oleh Syeikh Muhammad Abduh santri “kesayangan” al-Afgani. Melalui majalah al-‘Urwah al-Wuthqa yang terbit di Paris, dua ulama pembaharu ini mampu membangkitkan semangat intelektual kaum Muslim seluruh dunia untuk melepaskan diri dari cengkeraman penjajah Eropa. Dalam beberapa penelitian ulama Indonesia yang terinspirasi al-Afgani dan Abduh adalah KH Achmad Dahlan dan KH Hasyim Asy’ari. Buku di atas layak dinilai sebagai metodologi gerakan dan pemikiran Al-Afgani dan Abduh. Berikutnya buku ini mengeksplor kitab Al-Hubb fi Al-Quran karya Mahmud bin al-Syarif . Tokoh dari Mesir ini menjadi populer karena sering bermitra dengan Syekh Abdul Halim Mahmud ( Grand Syeikh al-Azhar) yang dikenal kalangan luas sebagai pemikir sekaligus pengamal tarekat Syadziliyah. Buku yang nuansa sufistiknya sangat menonjol ini banyak mempengaruhi spiritualitas iv Kitab-Kitab Karya Ulama Pembaharu digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id kaum muda di Mesir. Kitab yang diterjemah dengan Ayat-Ayat Cinta Dalam Alquran terbilang sangat digandrungi kaum tua-muda di Indonesia. Sayang riwayat hidup Mahmud bin al-Syarif sampai kata pengantar ini ditulis belum ditemukan. Berikutnya buku ini memaparkan ulasan terhadapa kitab Ushul al-Takhrij wa Dirasah al-Asanid karya Dr. Syeikh Mahmud al- Thohhan. Kitab ini dapat dinilai sebagai kunci untuk memahami proses periwayatan dan pembukuan hadis. Thohhan piawai dalam menyederhanakan istilah-istilah teknis dalam ilmu hadis untuk dapat dipahami oleh para santri, kiai dan akademisi. Atas jasanyalah banyak kaum muda yang bersemangat untuk mendalami ulum al- hadis. Apalagi ia menulis buku lain dengan standar lebih rendah; Taysir Musthalah al-Hadis. Dua buku buah tangannya inilah saat ini yang menjadi buku wajib di berbagai lembaga pendidikan Islam, baik di Mesir, Sudan, Yaman, Syiria dan tentu Indonesia. Terakhir buku ini menelusuri kitab Ahkam al-Fuqaha (Solusi Hukum Islam) karya kolektif ulama NU yang tergagung Bahs al- Masail al-Diniyah. NU yang dulu dinilai sebagai organisasi kaum Muslim tradisionalis, ternyata mereka tidak berhenti berproses sehingga layak untuk dinilai, secara organisatoris NU digolongkan dalam baris ulama pembaharu. Bahkan secara individual ulamanya jauh lebih berani “berijtihad” melampaui individu dan organisasi yang sejak awal mengaku sebagai pembaharu. Kumpulan jawaban masalah keagamaan ini saat ini sudah berkembang sangat pesat dengan pembagian jawaban pada bidang-bidang: Realitas Problem Keagamaan Murni, (masail diniyah waqi’iyah), Jawaban Problem Keagamaan Konseptual (Masail Diniyah Maudu’iyah) dan Jawaban Problem Hukum Positif (Masail Qanuniyah). Atas dasar inilah penulis menempatkan NU sebagai organisasi pembaharu. ‘ala kulli hal, tujuh judul kitab di atas menjadi kajian yang biasa digunakan sebagai sarana belajar bersama dengan teman- Biografi, Pemikiran dan Gerakan v digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id teman santri Pesantren Mahasiswa “An-Nur” Wonocolo Surabaya. Untuk itulah penulis mendapatkan mitra belajar. Saat ini di antara mereka berkiprah sebagai akademisi seperti Dr Abd Fatah, Dr Shalahuddin (UIN Mataram), Dr. Yusuf Hanafi (UM Malang), Dr. Malik Amrullah (UIN Maliki Malang) Dr Musyaffak Fathoni, Faruq M Ag dkk(IAIN Ponorogo) dan teman-teman berkiprah sebagai praktisi seperti Dailul Haramayn, Nashihun Amin (Gresik), Abd Aziz (Sumenep) Sanuddin (Sulut) Yumna (Sumut) Dr Anang Firdaus (Papua) dan lain-lain yang tidak bisa penulis sebut satu persatu. Semoga buku ini menjadi sarana penyambung silaturrahim dan obat kerinduan penulis pada mereka. Terima kasih harus penulis sampaikan pada semua pihak yang secraa langsung berjasa sehingga buku ini bisa terbit. Mereka adalah Ali Muqoddas, Dr. Mirwan Ahmad Taufiq dan Faiz Moeda. Semoga jasa mereka mendapatkan imbalan pahala dan ridaNya. Tentu jasa besar yang tak mampu penulis ungkap dengan rangkaian kata adalah istri tercinta Nikmah Nur motivator dalam suka dan duka. Empat anak : Aisyah, Toriq, Nabil, Niam yang selalu menampakkan kebahagiaan dalam setiap tatapan pertemuan turut menyumbang makna tentang pentingnya silaturrahim sebagai sarana saling bertukar pesan kebenaran dan kesabaran. Dua cucu: Uqba dan Ufuq memberi ketenangan dan kebahagiaan tersendiri bagi penulis, terutama ketika mereka sedang melucu dan bersenda gurau. Kebahagiaan mereka identik dengan kebahagian penulis. Semoga mereka bisa menatap masa depan cerah yang penuh optimistis. 9 Safar 1439 H Wonocolo, 30 Oktober 2017 M Imam Ghazali Said vi Kitab-Kitab Karya Ulama Pembaharu digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id DAFTAR ISI PENGANTAR PENULIS .................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................... vii BAB I : IHYA ULUMIDDIN Oleh Abu Hamid al-Ghazali KONDISI SOSIAL POLITIK ........................... 3 Latar belakang sosio-historis ............................. 3 Problem Sosial Politik ....................................... 5 Problem Syiah Bathiniah .................................... 8 Perkembangan Budaya ........................................ 11 Biografi Al-Ghazali ............................................ 16 Permulaan Hidup ............................................... 17 Mengajar di Baghdad ......................................... 22 Uzlah di Ujung Usia .......................................... 26 Ekspresi Akhlak Kaum Sufi ............................... 27 Gagasan Penyempurnaan .................................... 35 Popularitas Ihya ‘Ulumiddin ............................
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