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I Tatari Di Crimea Dal Khanato Di Crimea Alla Società Contemporanea

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I Tatari Di Crimea Dal Khanato Di Crimea Alla Società Contemporanea Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) in Relazioni Internazionali Comparate Tesi di Laurea I Tatari di Crimea Dal Khanato di Crimea alla società contemporanea Relatore Ch. Prof. Aldo Ferrari Correlatore Ch. Prof. Duccio Basosi Laureando Elena Bettetto Matricola 834993 Anno Accademico 2015 / 2016 INDICE ABSTRACT INTRODUZIONE CAPITOLO PRIMO – IL KHANATO DI CRIMEA .............................................................................. 1 1.1 L’Orda d’Oro ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Le origini del Khanato di Crimea ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Le Relazioni con l’Impero Ottomano ...................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 La conquista ottomana della Crimea .................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Il Khanato di Crimea e l’Impero Ottomano .......................................................................................... 8 1.4 Il sistema politico del Khanato di Crimea ............................................................................................. 12 1.4.1 La struttura amministrativa ................................................................................................................. 12 1.4.2 Economia e cultura ............................................................................................................................. 14 1.4.3 Le relazioni con le altre potenze ......................................................................................................... 16 CAPITOLO SECONDO – I TATARI DI CRIMEA E L’IMPERO RUSSO ....................................... 21 2.1 La politica di Caterina II ........................................................................................................................ 22 2.2 Lo Stato Indipendente di Crimea e l’annessione russa .......................................................................... 25 2.2.1 Il periodo di indipendenza .................................................................................................................. 25 2.3 La riorganizzazione della Crimea .......................................................................................................... 30 2.3.1 Caterina II e le minoranze etniche ...................................................................................................... 30 2.4 La struttura amministrativa .................................................................................................................... 32 2.4.1 La nobiltà tatara .................................................................................................................................. 34 2.5 Amministrazione russa della Crimea nel XIX secolo ............................................................................ 35 2.5.1 Tavričesckaja Oblast’ ......................................................................................................................... 36 2.5.2 La politica imperiale ed i Tatari di Crimea ......................................................................................... 37 2.5.3 La difficoltà di preservare l’identità nazionale tatara ......................................................................... 40 2.5.4 Guerra di Crimea e conseguenze ........................................................................................................ 43 2.6 Il Movimento Nazionale Tataro ............................................................................................................ 48 2.7 Ismail Gaspirali ..................................................................................................................................... 51 2.7.1 Vita e pensiero .................................................................................................................................... 52 2.7.2 L’influenza delle sue teorie ................................................................................................................ 56 2.8 I Tatari di Crimea durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale ........................................................................... 61 CAPITOLO TERZO – I TATARI DI CRIMEA E L’UNIONE SOVIETICA .................................... 64 3.1 Tatari di Crimea e regime sovietico ...................................................................................................... 64 3.2 La battaglia per l’Indipendenza Territoriale .......................................................................................... 66 3.3 Il governo bolscevico e la questione nazionale ..................................................................................... 67 3.3.1 La politica di korenizacija .................................................................................................................. 72 3.3.2 I bolscevichi in Crimea ....................................................................................................................... 75 3.4 L’amministrazione tedesca della Crimea .............................................................................................. 77 3.5 La guerra civile ...................................................................................................................................... 79 3.6 La Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Autonoma di Crimea ..................................................................... 81 3.6.1 Il Commissariato delle Nazionalità .................................................................................................... 81 3.6.2 L’organizzazione amministrativa della penisola ................................................................................ 84 3.6.3 La N.E.P e Veli Ibrahimov ................................................................................................................. 85 3.6.4 Attacco al nazionalismo borghese e politica staliniana ...................................................................... 90 3.7 Gli anni delle Grandi Purghe ................................................................................................................. 92 3.8 I Tatari di Crimea e la Seconda Guerra Mondiale ................................................................................. 95 3.8.1 Il nuovo governo tedesco .................................................................................................................... 97 3.8.2 L’avanzata dell’Armata Rossa .......................................................................................................... 100 3.8.3 La deportazione ................................................................................................................................ 100 3.9 La Crimea passa all’Ucraina ................................................................................................................ 106 3.9.1 Il discorso di Chruščёv e l’inizio delle proteste tatare ...................................................................... 108 3.10 Michail Gorbačëv .............................................................................................................................. 117 3.11 Mustafa Cemilev ............................................................................................................................... 120 CAPITOLO QUARTO - I TATARI DI CRIMEA NELLA SOCIETA’ CONTEMPORANEA .... 122 4.1 Le comunità tatare all’estero ............................................................................................................... 122 4.1.1 Tatari di Crimea in Turchia .............................................................................................................. 122 4.1.2 Tatari di Crimea in Bulgaria ............................................................................................................. 123 4.1.3 Tatari di Crimea in Romania ............................................................................................................ 124 4.1.4 Tatari di Crimea negli Stati Uniti ..................................................................................................... 124 4.2 La vita dei Tatari di Crimea ................................................................................................................. 125 4.2.1 Gli anni novanta ............................................................................................................................... 125 4.2.2 Tatari e Russi in Crimea ................................................................................................................... 128 4.3 L’annessione della penisola di Crimea alla Federazione Russa .......................................................... 133 4.3.1 Gli eventi .......................................................................................................................................... 134 4.3.2 I Tatari di Crimea parte della Federazione Russa ............................................................................. 138 CONCLUSIONE ....................................................................................................................................... 141 BIBLIOGRAFIA ....................................................................................................................................... 144 SITOGRAFIA ..........................................................................................................................................
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