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Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Development of Modern Historical Science: the Experience of European Countries and Prospects for Ukraine

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Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Development of Modern Historical Science: the Experience of European Countries and Prospects for Ukraine V.I. VERNADSKY TAURIDA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN HISTORICAL SCIENCE: THE EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND PROSPECTS FOR UKRAINE Collective monograph Lviv-Toruń Liha-Pres 2019 Reviewers: Prof. nadzw., dr hab. Stanisław Kunikowski, Rektor of Cuiavian University in Wloclawek (Republic of Poland); Prof. dr hab. Joanna Marszałek-Kawa, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu / Nicolaus Copernicus University (Republic of Poland). Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of modern historical science: the experience of European countries and prospects for Ukraine : collective monograph / Y. Horiunova, V. G. Kosmyna, I. G. Kudrya, Yu. M. Malchyn, etc. – Lviv-Toruń : Liha-Pres, 2019. – 254 s. ISBN 978-966-397-108-7 In the monograph are discussed the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of modern historical science, taking into account the experience of European countries and the development prospects of Ukrainian historiography. The philosophical problems of historical knowledge, new approaches to the study of the history of philosophy, the history of education, science and culture are analyzed, an original interpretation of historiosophical issues has been proposed, the latest achievements in the development of special historical disciplines are described. The publication is intended for scientists, teachers, graduate students, students, as well as for a wide range of readers. Liha-Pres is an international publishing house which belongs to the category „C” according to the classification of Research School for Socio- Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment (SENSE) [isn: 3943, 1705, 1704, 1703, 1702, 1701; prefixMetCode: 978966397]. Official website – www.sense.nl. ISBN 978-966-397-108-7 © Liha-Pres, 2019 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 LAND POLICY OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT IN CRIMEA IN 1920'S Horiunova Y. ................................................................................................... 2 FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF EARLY MODERN EUROPEAN SOCIETY AND THE PRESENT TIME Kosmyna V. G. .............................................................................................. 21 PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY: TRADITION AND CONTEMPORALY TRENDS Kudrya I. G. .................................................................................................. 41 STATE POWER AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN KIEVAN RUS Malchyn Yu. M. ............................................................................................ 65 SECURITY OF URBAN POPULATION SAFETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF CRISIS OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM IN UKRAINE IN 1917-1920 Popov V. Z. .................................................................................................... 82 SURREALISM AT THE SERVICE OF REVOLUTION – REVOLUTION AS A SCANDAL OF EXPOSURE Predeina M. Yu. .......................................................................................... 105 REVOLUTION ON THE WESTERN BORDER OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (IN WILLIAM HENRY CHAMBERLIN “THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. VOLS. 1-2”) Rusnachenko A. .......................................................................................... 127 PHILOSOPHIC UNDERSTANDING OF CULTURE AS INTEGRITY Tarasiuk L. S............................................................................................... 144 iii THE HISTORICAL DETERMINACY OF MORALITY Tymoshenko T. S. ........................................................................................ 165 EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPTIONS OF SPACE AND TIME STRUCTURES’ REFLECTION IN THE EUROPEAN TRADITION OF HISTORIOGRAPHY Chekanov V. Yu. ......................................................................................... 185 ETHNIC PROCESSES IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF STALIN REPRESSIONS Chirko B. ..................................................................................................... 205 THE CRIMEA WITHIN UKRAINE: THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE 50'S-70’S OF THE XX CENTURY Chumak V. .................................................................................................. 228 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 249 iv INTRODUCTION The history is the collective memory of humanity. Fixing the information content of this collective memory in scientific research allows not only to classify individual blocks of historical knowledge, but also to identify key aspects of the process of knowledge of the past. The team of authors of the monograph which is submitted to the attention of the scientific community, offered their own vision of individual problems related to the most, in our opinion, promising areas of historical research. Among the sections of historical science to which our scientists turned are the philosophical problems of historical knowledge, consideration of which allows us to formulate an updated paradigm of sociopolitical processes. New approaches to the analysis and assessment of long-term historical processes, global social phenomena in their dynamics are proposed. The historiosophical themes in the monograph stimulate the development of a critical attitude to the object of study, substantiates its dynamic perception. The scientific interests of the authors of this collective monograph generally coincide with the development of the leading schools of world historical science. Much attention in the book is given to the history of education, science and culture. A distinctive feature of the methodological approach in the consideration of these branches of scientific knowledge is the attempt to maximize philosophical generalization of extensive factual material. Moreover, the authors do not impose their ideological position on the readers, but invite them to a creative discussion. Among the special historical disciplines presented in the monograph are the regional history, the history of certain ethnic groups, the history of everyday life. Obviously, the considerable attention is given to the history of Crimea, as an integral part of Ukraine. The problems of everyday history help to complement the understanding of the global social processes deeply. Thus, the complex of scientific problems presented on the pages of the monograph represents an attempt to integrate historical and philosophical knowledge based on the achievements of modern methodology of the humanitarian sciences. 1 DOI https://doi.org/10.36059/978-966-397-108-7/2-20 LAND POLICY OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT IN CRIMEA IN 1920'S Horiunova Y. INTRODUCTION The periods of reforms are always painful for the population, because they are accompanied by radical changes in the socio-economic and political structure of the state. While the greatest problems arise in post- revolutionary periods, where the destruction of the old system and the creation of new political and economic grounds are taking place. Crimea population have faced with these problems in 1920s when they found themselves in a new reality created by Soviet power authorities. The main factors of Bolsheviks policy in this period in Crimea, as well as throughout the country, are the fulfillment of their main promises – the liquidation of land tenure of the landlords and the redistribution of these lands among peasants, taking into account the regional features of Crimea – the presence of landless areas and the multinational composition of the peninsula population. The redistribution of land among the peasants required new economic rules which were implemented within the framework of the new economic policy with its multi-layered nature of the economy, lease, use of hired labor and market relations in the countryside. But, as time shows, all these outgoings were temporary and aimed at solving the food problems. The land policy of the Bolsheviks was based on a class approach, which determined the priority of collective farms before individual ones, which had to disappear gradually on the path of further socialist transformations. Therefore, the Soviet authorities in every way supports not the land owners, but the poor- farmhand elements of the village, which should have become the basis for future collectivization. Because of the class logic new economic policy in the Crimean countryside was crushed and the peasants was forced to join collective farms as they were threatened by dispossession, which was accompanied by deprivation of not only political, but civil rights. 2 1. The features of the Bolsheviks agrarian policy in Crimea under the power of Soviet Union The first document, which outlined the basic principles of socialist transformation in the Crimean countryside was adopted in January 1918 by the decree on the socialization of land. According to the document, the private ownership for land was permanently canceled, the land was transferred without any redemption to “labor peasants”. That is, the land could only be used by those who really process it by their own work. The decree also listed natural and legal persons who were entitled to have land. Among them, above all, there were listed the state through the organs of Soviet power; public organizations controlled by the power authorities; the agricultural communes and associations, as well as rural land associations; commercial, industrial, and transport enterprises; individual families and individuals who do not use land for income generation. The land was handed over to use, first of all, to those who wished to work for it not
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