The World Bank
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Shrines and Sovereigns: Life, Death, and Religion in Rural Azerbaijan
Comparative Studies in Society and History 2011;53(3):654–681. 0010-4175/11 $15.00 # Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2011 doi:10.1017/S0010417511000284 Shrines and Sovereigns: Life, Death, and Religion in Rural Azerbaijan BRUCE GRANT New York University Shrines fill the Eurasian land mass. They can be found from Turkey in the west to China in the east, from the Arctic Circle in the north to Afghanistan in the south. Between town and country, they can consist of full-scale architectural complexes, or they may compose no more than an open field, a pile of stones, a tree, or a small mausoleum. They have been at the centers and periph- eries of almost every major religious tradition of the region: Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Yet in the formerly socialist world, these places of pilgrimage have something even more in common: they were often cast as the last bastions of religious observance when churches, mosques, temples, and synagogues were sent crashing to the ground in rapid succession across the twentieth century. In this essay I draw attention to a number of such shrines in the south Cau- casus republic of Azerbaijan. My goal is not to celebrate these settings for their promotion of an alternative route to religiosity under communist rule, as many have done before me, but rather to consider the ways in which the very popular attachments to shrines over so many centuries offer a window onto the plas- ticity and porosity of political, religious, and social boundaries in a world area that otherwise became better known over the twentieth century for its leaders of steel, curtains of iron, and seemingly immobilized citizens. -
MEDIEVAL DAMASCUS Arabic Book Culture, Library Culture and Reading Culture Is Significantly Enriched.’ Li Guo, University of Notre Dame and MEDIEVAL
PLURALITY KONRAD HIRSCHLER ‘This is a tour de force of ferocious codex dissection, relentless bibliographical probing and imaginative reconstructive storytelling. Our knowledge of medieval MEDIEVAL DAMASCUS DAMASCUS MEDIEVAL Arabic book culture, library culture and reading culture is significantly enriched.’ Li Guo, University of Notre Dame AND MEDIEVAL The first documented insight into the content and DIVERSITY structure of a large-scale medieval Arabic library The written text was a pervasive feature of cultural practices in the medieval Middle East. At the heart of book circulation stood libraries that experienced a rapid expansion from the DAMASCUS twelfth century onwards. While the existence of these libraries is well known, our knowledge of their content and structure has been very limited as hardly any medieval Arabic catalogues have been preserved. This book discusses the largest and earliest medieval library of the PLURALITY AND Middle East for which we have documentation – the Ashrafiya library in the very centre of IN AN Damascus – and edits its catalogue. The catalogue shows that even book collections attached to Sunni religious institutions could hold very diverse titles, including Muʿtazilite theology, DIVERSITY IN AN Shiʿite prayers, medical handbooks, manuals for traders, stories from the 1001 Nights and texts extolling wine consumption. ARABIC LIBRARY ARABIC LIBRARY Listing over two thousand books the Ashrafiya catalogue is essential reading for anybody interested in the cultural and intellectual history of Arabic societies. -
See the Document
IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways -
History of Azerbaijan (Textbook)
DILGAM ISMAILOV HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN (TEXTBOOK) Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University Methodological Council of the meeting dated July 7, 2017, was published at the direction of № 6 BAKU - 2017 Dilgam Yunis Ismailov. History of Azerbaijan, AzMİU NPM, Baku, 2017, p.p.352 Referents: Anar Jamal Iskenderov Konul Ramiq Aliyeva All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means. Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the book “History of Azerbaijan” is written on the basis of a syllabus covering all topics of the subject. Author paid special attention to the current events when analyzing the different periods of Azerbaijan. This book can be used by other high schools that also teach “History of Azerbaijan” in English to bachelor students, master students, teachers, as well as to the independent learners of our country’s history. 2 © Dilgam Ismailov, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………….……… 9 I Theme. Introduction to the history of Azerbaijan 10 II Theme: The Primitive Society in Azerbaijan…. 18 1.The Initial Residential Dwellings……….............… 18 2.The Stone Age in Azerbaijan……………………… 19 3.The Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages in Azerbaijan… 23 4.The Collapse of the Primitive Communal System in Azerbaijan………………………………………….... 28 III Theme: The Ancient and Early States in Azer- baijan. The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms.. 30 1.The First Tribal Alliances and Initial Public Institutions in Azerbaijan……………………………. 30 2.The Kingdom of Manna…………………………… 34 3.The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms…………. -
International Congress of Mathematicians, Beijing, August 20-28, 2002, Volume 49, Number 3
International Congress of Mathematicians Beijing, China August 20–28, 2002 Second Announcement The Organizing Committee is pleased to invite you to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing, August 20–28, 2002. Mr. Jiang Zemin, the President of the People’s Republic of China, has personally expressed a most cordial welcome to all participants. The Congress will be held under the auspices of the International Mathematical Union and under the sponsorship of the Chinese Mathematical Society (CMS), the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. This announcement describes the Congress and gives related information. It explains how to register and how to submit a short communication or a poster representation. It also contains the necessary forms for securing accommodation during the Congress. Contents A. Location of the Congress 381 A.1Venue................................................381 A.2TheCongress............................................382 A.3Deadlines..............................................382 B. Scientific Program 382 B.1OpeningandClosingCeremonies.................................383 B.2PlenaryLectures..........................................383 B.3InvitedLectures..........................................383 B.4ShortCommunicationsandPosters................................384 B.5OrganizedSessions.........................................385 B.6InformalSeminars.........................................385 -
TOMBS and FOOTPRINTS: ISLAMIC SHRINES and PILGRIMAGES IN^IRAN and AFGHANISTAN Wvo't)&^F4
TOMBS AND FOOTPRINTS: ISLAMIC SHRINES AND PILGRIMAGES IN^IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN WvO'T)&^f4 Hugh Beattie Thesis presented for the degree of M. Phil at the University of London School of Oriental and African Studies 1983 ProQuest Number: 10672952 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672952 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 abstract:- The thesis examines the characteristic features of Islamic shrines and pilgrimages in Iran and Afghan istan, in doing so illustrating one aspect of the immense diversity of belief and practice to be found in the Islamic world. The origins of the shrine cults are outlined, the similarities between traditional Muslim and Christian attitudes to shrines are emphasized and the functions of the shrine and the mosque are contrasted. Iranian and Afghan shrines are classified, firstly in terms of the objects which form their principal attrac tions and the saints associated with them, and secondly in terms of the distances over which they attract pilgrims. The administration and endowments of shrines are described and the relationship between shrines and secular authorities analysed. -
Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
WHC Nomination Documentation File Name: 1004.pdf UNESCO Region: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties DA TE OF INSCRIPTION: 2nd December 2000 STATE PARTY: CHINA CRITERIA: C (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (vi) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Criterion (i):The harmonious integration of remarkable architectural groups in a natural environment chosen to meet the criteria of geomancy (Fengshui) makes the Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs masterpieces of human creative genius. Criteria (ii), (iii) and (iv):The imperial mausolea are outstanding testimony to a cultural and architectural tradition that for over five hundred years dominated this part of the world; by reason of their integration into the natural environment, they make up a unique ensemble of cultural landscapes. Criterion (vi):The Ming and Qing Tombs are dazzling illustrations of the beliefs, world view, and geomantic theories of Fengshui prevalent in feudal China. They have served as burial edifices for illustrious personages and as the theatre for major events that have marked the history of China. The Committee took note, with appreciation, of the State Party's intention to nominate the Mingshaoling Mausoleum at Nanjing (Jiangsu Province) and the Changping complex in the future as an extention to the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS The Ming and Qing imperial tombs are natural sites modified by human influence, carefully chosen according to the principles of geomancy (Fengshui) to house numerous buildings of traditional architectural design and decoration. They illustrate the continuity over five centuries of a world view and concept of power specific to feudal China. -
Administrative Territorial Divisions in Different Historical Periods
Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan P R E S I D E N T I A L L I B R A R Y TERRITORIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS C O N T E N T I. GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................................. 3 II. BAKU ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. General background of Baku ............................................................................................................................ 5 2. History of the city of Baku ................................................................................................................................. 7 3. Museums ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 4. Historical Monuments ...................................................................................................................................... 20 The Maiden Tower ............................................................................................................................................ 20 The Shirvanshahs’ Palace ensemble ................................................................................................................ 22 The Sabael Castle ............................................................................................................................................. -
695 History in the Making
ARAM, 18-19 (2006-2007) 695-703. doi:M. ZIMNEY 10.2143/ARAM.19.0.2020753 695 HISTORY IN THE MAKING: THE SAYYIDA ZAYNAB SHRINE IN DAMASCUS Ms. MICHELLE ZIMNEY (University of California, Santa Barbara) INTRODUCTION The shrine of Sayyida Zaynab just south of Damascus, Syria is, like most pilgrimage sites, steeped in long history and tradition. Neither born in bilad al- sham, nor particularly welcomed by the Umayyad caliph Yazid, Zaynab bint ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (or Sayyida Zaynab) found herself in Damascus in 680 AD (61 AH), a prisoner of the caliph’s army following her brother Hussein’s de- feat at Karbala. In the standard Shi‘i narrative, Zaynab and the other women and children who survived the battle were paraded, along with the heads of Hussein and his soldiers, through northern Iraq and Syria as boast and warning to those who would oppose Yazid’s rule. After a short captivity, Zaynab was released to Medina, then returned a few months later to Damascus with her husband where she died and was buried. What was presumably a modest burial site for over a millennium has become in the last forty years a spectacu- lar complex of religious, administrative, economic, and social spaces. Its blue- tiled exterior and massive gold dome, funded by donations from interested faithful, welcome upwards of two million pilgrims, mostly Shi‘a, from all cor- ners of the Islamic world annually. They come to pray, cry, and ask for Zaynab’s help with problems in their daily lives. During ‘Ashura’, masses reenact the Battle of Karbala outside the shrine, ritually beating themselves and often drawing blood. -
Baku (Azerbaijan) with a Courtyard Truncated by the Modern Road
the 15th century Haji Gaib Hammam, to the south of which lie two 17th century Zoroastrian fire temples, the larger Baku (Azerbaijan) with a courtyard truncated by the modern road. Next to these is the 16th-17th century two-storeyed Kasumbek No 958 Caravanserai for merchants coming by sea, and nearby is the 17th-century Kasumbek Mosque. Further to the east lie the 14th-15th century Multani Caravanserai, used by Indian merchants, and facing it the 15th-century Bukhara Caravanserai, built for merchants from central Asia, behind which there is a small derelict 17th century hammam. - The Maiden Tower (Giz Galasy) Identification Located in the south-east part of Icheri Sheher, this unique Nomination The Walled City of Baku with the monument of Azerbaijan architecture was built in two Shirvanshahs’ Palace and Maiden Tower periods. It is an astonishing cylindrical structure, rising to eight storeys and 29.5m high, with a diameter of 16.5m. Location Apsheron Peninsula Each storey is roofed with a shallow vault with a central aperture. The walls are 5m thick at the base and 3.2-4m at State Party Republic of Azerbaijan the top. The bottom three storeys are thought to date to as early as the 7th or 6th century BCE and to have been an Date 15 October 1999 astronomical observatory or fire temple. Evidence for this comes from the existence of a shaft, visible at the back of niches in the second and third storeys, which it has been established extends 15m below ground level. This appears to have been designed to channel natural gas to provide fuel for an eternal flame. -
16Th Summit Final Document
NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2 Original: English 16 th Summit of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 26 - 31 August 2012 FINAL DOCUMENT Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 31 August 2012 NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2 FINAL DOCUMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER I: GLOBAL ISSUES ............................................................................................ 5 Review of the International Situation ................................................................................ 5 Non-Aligned Movement: Role and Methods of Work ........................................................... 7 International Law ............................................................................................................. 11 Promotion and Preservation of Multilateralism ............................................................... 15 Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, and Non-Use or Threat of Use of Force ....................... 17 Culture of Peace, Dialogue among Civilizations, Religions and Cultures, and Cultural Diversity .............................................................................................................. 19 Defamation of Religions ................................................................................................... 23 Right to Self-Determination and Decolonization ............................................................. 24 United Nations: -
Table of Contents and Contributors
Contents List of Entries viii List of Contributors ix Introduction and Acknowledgments xxx Joan Lebold Cohen xxxviii Volume 1 Abacus to Cult of Maitreya Volume 2 Cultural Revolution to HU Yaobang Volume 3 Huai River to Old Prose Movement Volume 4 Olympics Games of 2008 to TANG Yin Volume 5 Tangshan Earthquake, Great to ZUO Zongtang Image Sources Volume 5, page 2666 Index Volume 5, page 2667 © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC List of Entries Abacus Asian Games BORODIN, Mikhail Academia Sinica Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Boxer Protocol (Xinchou Treaty) Acrobatics Atheism Boxer Rebellion Acupuncture Australia China Friendship Society Boycotts and Economic Adoption Australia-China Relations Nationalism Africa-China Relations Auto Industry BRIDGMAN, E. C. Agricultural Cooperatives Autonomous Areas British American Tobacco Movement BA Jin Company Agriculture Bamboo British Association for Chinese Agro-geography Bank of China Studies American Chamber of Commerce Banking—History British Chamber of Commerce in in China Banking—Modern China Ami Harvest Festival Banque de l’Indochine Bronzes of the Shang Dynasty An Lushan (An Shi) Rebellion Baojia Brookings Institution Analects Baosteel Group Buddhism Ancestor Worship Beijing Buddhism, Chan Anhui Province Beijing Consensus Buddhism, Four Sacred Sites of Antidrug Campaigns Bian Que Buddhism, Persecution of Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign Bianzhong Buddhism, Pure Land Anyang Bishu Shanzhuang Buddhism, Tibetan Aquaculture Black Gold Politics Buddhist Association of China Archaeology and