Table of Contents and Contributors

Home , Ba Jin, Beijing Consensus, Black gold (politics), Boxer Rebellion, Cai Yuanpei, Canton System

Contents

List of Entries viii

List of Contributors ix

Introduction and Acknowledgments xxx

Joan Lebold Cohen xxxviii

Volume 1 Abacus to Cult of Maitreya

Volume 2 Cultural Revolution to HU Yaobang

Volume 3 Huai River to Old Prose Movement

Volume 4 Olympics Games of 2008 to TANG Yin

Volume 5 Tangshan Earthquake, Great to ZUO Zongtang

Image Sources Volume 5, page 2666

Index Volume 5, page 2667

Abacus Asian Games BORODIN, Mikhail Academia Sinica Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Boxer Protocol (Xinchou Treaty) Acrobatics Atheism Boxer Rebellion Acupuncture Australia China Friendship Society Boycotts and Economic Adoption Australia-China Relations Nationalism Africa-China Relations Auto Industry BRIDGMAN, E. C. Agricultural Cooperatives Autonomous Areas British American Tobacco Movement BA Jin Company Agriculture Bamboo British Association for Chinese Agro-geography Bank of China Studies American Chamber of Commerce Banking—History British Chamber of Commerce in in China Banking—Modern China Ami Harvest Festival Banque de l’Indochine Bronzes of the Shang Dynasty An Lushan (An Shi) Rebellion Baojia Brookings Institution Analects Baosteel Group Buddhism Ancestor Worship Beijing Buddhism, Chan Anhui Province Beijing Consensus Buddhism, Four Sacred Sites of Antidrug Campaigns Bian Que Buddhism, Persecution of Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign Bianzhong Buddhism, Pure Land Anyang Bishu Shanzhuang Buddhism, Tibetan Aquaculture Black Gold Politics Buddhist Association of China Archaeology and Paleontology Blogs Bureau of Religious Affairs Architecture Blue Shirts Society BURLINGAME, Anson Art, Contemporary BO Juyi Butterfield and Swire Artifact Preservation Bohai Economic Region Butterfly Lovers viii

Cadre System Chuci Dalian CAI Yuanpei Cinema Danwei Calendar Civil Service Examinations Dao (the Way) Calligraphy Civil War 1945–1949 Daoism—Philosophy Canada China Business Council Cixi, Empress Dowager Daoism—Religion Canton Fair Climate and Vegetation Daoist Temples Canton System Climate Change—Export Daqing Cantonese (Yue) Emissions Dayan Pagoda CAO Xueqin Climate Change—International Dazangjing (Great Treasury CAO Yu Cooperation Scriptures) Caoyun System Cloisonné Dazhai Cartography Clothing, Traditional Dazu Rock Carvings Cashmere Industry Clothing, Traditional—Hong Debt, Foreign Celadon Kong Defense Industry Central Asia–China Relations Clothing, Traditional—Taiwan Democratic Progressive Party Changling Mausoleum Clothing, Traditional—Tibet DENG Xiaoping CHEN Cheng Committee of 100 Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Tour CHEN Duxiu Committee on Scholarly Commu- Development Zones CHEN Kaige nication with China DING Ling CHEN Shui-bian Communications, External Disability CHEN Yifei Communist Youth League Disasters CHEN Yun Compendium of Materia Medica Divination CHEN Ziang Confucian Ethics DONG Qichang Chengdu Confucian Sites at Qufu DONG Zhongshu CHIANG Ching-kuo Confucian Temples Dragon Boat Festival CHIANG Kai-shek Confucianism Drama China Daily Confucianism–Revival Dream of the Red Chamber China in World History Confucius DU Fu China Institute in America Confucius Institutes Duilian China National Radio Consumerism Dujiangyan Irrigation System China-Britain Business Council Corporate Social Responsibility Dunhuang Caves China-Japan Peace and Friendship Corruption East Asia, Chinese Influence in Treaty COSCO Group East China Sea Chinatowns Courtyard Houses (Siheyuan) East China Sea Oil Exploitation Chinese Central Television Creative Economy Economic System Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Crimes and Punishments Education System Chinese Construction Bank Criminal Justice System Education, Adult Chinese Nationalist Party CUI Jian Education, Compulsory Chinese, Classical Cuisines Education, Special Chinese-American Networking Cult of Maitreya Eight Revolutionary Model Dramas Symposium Cultural Revolution Eight-Legged Essay Chinggis Khan Cunguan Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Chongqing Currency Energy Industry Chongyang Festival Currency Valuation Energy Policy Chopsticks Cyberspace Energy Security Christianity Dalai Lama Energy, Renewable

Enterprise Income Tax Gardens Hengduan Ranges Environmental History—Ancient Geography High-Technolog y Sector Environmental History—Modern Ginseng Historical Geography Environmental Movements Golden Lotus, The HI V/A IDS Environmental Studies Goldfish Hmong Erhu Governance Principles Homosexuality Erlitou Culture Governance System, Dual Hong Kong Ethnic Minorities Grand Canal Hong Kong Special Administrative Ethnic Relations Grasslands Region Eunuchs Great Britain–China Centre Hong Merchants Examinations, Imperial Great Leap Forward HONG Shen Exploration, Maritime Great Wall Hongcun and Xidi Export Controls, U.S. Great West Development Plan Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Extraterritoriality Greater Xing’an Range Corporation (HSBC) Famine Green Gang Hongze Lake FAN Xudong GU Yanwu Hopkins–Nanjing Center February 28th Incident GUAN Hanqing HOU Debang FEI Xiaotong Guangdong Province Household Responsibility System FENG Guifen Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous HU Die Feng Shui Region HU Jintao Filial Piety Guangzhou (Canton) HU Shi Fireworks and Firecrackers Guanxi HU Yaobang Fishing Industry Guanyin Huai River Fishing Industry—Taiwan Guilin Huang (Yellow) River Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Guizhou Province Huang Shan Period Gunpowder and Rocketry HUANG Zongxi Five Elements, The GUO Moruo Huangdi Neijing Five Principles of Peaceful Guohua (National-Style Painting) Huanglongsi Coexistence HAI Rui Huawei Five-Anti Campaign Haier Huayan Buddhism Five-Yuan System Hainan Province Hubei Province Food Safety Hakka Hui Foot-binding Hakka Languages Huineng The Forbidden City Han Human Rights Foreign Investment Han Dynasty Humor Foreign Trade Han Rhapsodists Hunan Province Forest Resources Han Yu Hundred Days Reform 48 Group Club Hangzhou Hundred Flowers Campaign Four Books and Five Classics of Hanlin Academy (Hanlin Yuan) Hundred Schools of Thought Confucianism Harbin Hungry Ghost Festival Fubing System Health Care System Hutong Fudan University Health, Nutrition, and Food I Ching (Classic of Changes) Fujian Province Heaven and Earth Society India-China Relations Gambling Hebei Province Indigenous Peoples—Taiwan Gang of Four Heilongjiang Province Indochina-China Relations Gansu Province Henan Province Industrialization

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Lhasa Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi Region LI Bai Mawangdui Han Tombs Intellectual Property Rights LI Dazhao May First Labor Festival Internet Content Filtering LI Hongzhang May Fourth Movement Internet Industry LI Peng Medicine, Traditional Internet Use LI Qingzhao MEI Lanfang Iron Rice Bowl LI Shangyin Mencius Islam LI Shizhen MI Fu Jade LIANG Qichao Miao Japan-China Relations Liaoning Province Mid-Autumn Festival (Zhong Qiu) Jardine Matheson Group Liaozhai Zhiyi Migrant Workers JIAN Zhen Lifan Yuan Migration, Interregional JIANG Zemin LIN Biao Military Modernization Jiangsu Province Literature Military, Imperial Jiangxi Province Little Red Book Quotations( from Min Jilin Province Chairman Mao Zedong) Mineral Resources Jingdezhen LIU Gongquan Ming and Qing Novels Jiuzhaigou LIU Shaoqi Ming Dynasty Journalism Reform LIU Xiang Ming Maritime Expeditions Journey to the West The Long March Ming-Qing Archives Judaism Longmen Grottoes Missionary Education Junk LU Ban Mobile Communications Jurchen Jin Dynasty LU Xun Mogao Caves KANG Youwei Lushan Conference Mongolia, China, and Russia Kangxi, Emperor MA Ying-jeou Relations Kao-hsiung Macao Special Administrative Monument to the People’s Heroes Khubilai Khan Region Moso KONG Xiangxi Macao—History Mount Emei Korea-China Relations Machinery and Equipment Mount Tai Korean War Industry Mount Wudang Kumarajiva Magazines Moxibustion Kunlun Mountains Magnetism Mozi Kunqu Manchu Music, Contemporary Lacquerware Manchuria Music, Traditional Lansing-Ishii Agreement Manchurian Incident Musical Instruments LAO She Mandarin Naming System Laozi MAO Zedong Nanjing Latin America–China Relations Mao Zedong, Collected Works of Nanjing Massacre Law, Imperial Mao Zedong, Evaluation of National Committee on United Leadership—Ethnic Minority Marriage and Family States–China Relations Leadership—Future Scenarios Marriage, Imperial National Day LEE Teng-hui Martial Arts (Wushu) National Resources Commission LEE, Ang MARTIN, William Alexander National Taiwan University Legal System—History Parsons Natural Preserve Zones Legalist School Massage Natural Resource Preservation Lenovo Mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen Needham Research Institute

NEEDHAM, Joseph People’s Liberation Army Rural Reconstruction Movement Neo-Confucianism Perspectives on China—Western Russia-China Relations Nestorians Perspectives on the United Sanxingdui New Culture Movement States—Chinese SARS New Life Movement Piaohao SAUMA, Rabban New Rural Reconstruction Ping-Pong Diplomacy SCHALL von BELL, Johann Adam Movement Pingyao City Science, Traditional New Year (Spring Festival) Pipa Self-Strengthening Movement Newspaper Development Poetry Shaanxi Province 92 Consensus Political Participation Shadow Plays and Puppetry Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region POLO, Marco Shandong Province Non-Governmental Organizations Porcelain Shang Dynasty (NGOs) Potala Palace Shanghai Northeast Region, Revival of Potsdam Conference Shanghai Communiqué Old Prose Movement Poyang, Lake Shangri-La Olympic Games of 2008 Project Hope Shanxi Province Olympic Games—History Property Law SHEN Congwen One-Child Policy Proverbs and Sayings Shenyang Open Door Policy Publishing Industry Shenyang Imperial Palace Opera, Beijing Pudong New District Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Opera, Regional Qi Shenzhou Space Project Opera, Yue QI Baishi Shijing Opium Trade Qianzhuang Shikumen Opium War, First Qin Dynasty Sichuan Province Opium War, Second Qing Dynasty Silk Oracle Bones Qing Grand Council Silver Overseas Chinese Qinghai Province SIMA Xiangru Painting Qinghua University Sino-American Commercial Treaty Painting—Court Qingke Sino-Japanese War, First Painting—Flower and Bird Qingming Festival Sino-Swedish Expedition Painting—Folk Qinling Range Sino-Tibetan Languages Painting—Landscape QIU Jin Sixteen Kingdoms Pakistan-China Relations Quan Tangshi SNOW, Edgar Parks Paleolithic Era Quemoy and Matsu Social Associations Panda Red Guard Organizations Social Harmony Paper Cutting Reforms since 1978–1979 Social Networking, Online Papermaking and Printing Religion, Folk Social Stratification Pawnshops Religious Practice, Contemporary Social Values Peace Reigns over the River Religious Practice, Historical Socialist Spiritual Civilization Pear Garden Republican Revolution of 1911–1912 Society of Jesus Pearl River Revolutions Sociology Peking Man RICCI, Matteo Soil Erosion Peking University RICHARD, Timothy Song Dynasty Peony Pavilion River Elegy (Heshang) Song Lyrics (Ci) People’s Courts Romance of Three Kingdoms SOONG Mei-ling People’s Daily RUAN Lingyu SOONG Ziwen

Southeast Asia–China Relations Tarim Basin United Front Strategy Southeast Asian Financial Crisis of Taxation and Taxes United Kingdom–China Relations 1997 Tea and Tea Culture United Nations–China Relations Southern and Northern Dynasties Television United States–China Relations Southern Three and Northern Four Television—Dramas and Reality University Education Banks Shows Urban Geography Southern Weekend Television—News Urbanization Space Program Temple of Heaven U.S.-China Business Council Special Economic Zones Terracotta Soldiers U.S.-China Education Trust Sports Terrorism Uygurs Sports Sponsorship Textile and Clothing Industry VERBIEST, Father Ferdinand Sports Training System Textiles Vernacular Language Movement Spratly Islands Dispute Third Front Policy Versailles Peace Conference St. John’s University Thirteen Ming Tombs Video Games STILWELL, Joseph Three and Five Antis Campaigns Vietnam–China Relations Stock Markets Three Fundamental Bonds and Five WANG Fuzhi Storytelling Constant Virtues WANG Jingwei STUART, John Leighton Three Gorges Dam WANG Mian Su Shi Three Obediences and the Four WANG Wei Sui Dynasty Virtues WANG Xianzhi Sui Wendi TIAN Han WANG Xizhi Sui Yangdi Tian Shan Wang Yangming School Summer Palace of Yiheyuan Tiananmen Square WANG Yiting SUN Daolin Tiangan Dizhi Warring States Period SUN Yat-sen Tianjin Water Conservation Sunzi Tiantai Water Margin Super Girl Tibet (Xizang) Autonomous Water Resources Supervisory System, Ancient Region WEN Jiabao Sustainable Development Tibetan Uprising of 1959 Wencheng, Princess Suzhou Tibetans (Zang) WEN Tingyun Tai Chi Tigers WENG Wenhao Tainan Tofu Wenzhou Model Taipei Tongdian White Terror Taiping Rebellion Tourism Wine Culture Taiwan (Republic of China) Township and Village Enterprises Wokou Taiwan Economic Miracle Toy Industry Women, Role of Taiwan Strait (Cross-Strait Trading Patterns, China Seas Word Radicals Relations) Transfer Gas from West to East World Expo 2010—Shanghai Taiwan–China Relations Program World Heritage Sites Taklimakan Desert Transportation Systems World Trade Organization Tang Dynasty Treaty of Tianjin World War II in Asia Tang Taizong Treaty of Wangxia Wound Literature TANG Xianzu Tribute System Wu TANG Yin Tujia WU Changshi Tangshan Earthquake, Great Twelve Muqam WU Zetian TAO Yuanming Twenty-One Demands Wulingyuan Scenic Reserve

Xia Dynasty Yangshao Culture Yunnan Province Xi’an Yangzi (Chang) River ZENG Guofan Xi’an City Wall Yangzi (Chang) River Bridge at ZHANG Daqian Xi’an Incident Nanjing ZHANG Yimou Xiang Yangzi Delta Economic Region ZHANG Zhidong Xiang Dialects Yao ZHAO Mengfu XIE Jin YAO Ming ZHAO Ziyang XIN Qiji Yellow Sea Zhaozhou Bridge Xinhua News Agency YEN, Y. C. James Zhejiang Province Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Yi ZHENG Chenggong Region Yin and Yang ZHENG He Xixia Yin Ruins (Yinxu) Zhong Yong (Doctrine of the Mean) XU Beihong Yin–Yang Theory Zhou Dynasty XU Guangqi Yokohama Specie Bank ZHOU Enlai XU Haifeng Yongle Dadian ZHOU Xuexi XU Zhimo Yongle, Emperor (ZHU Di) ZHOU Zuoren Xuanzang Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi ZHU De Xunzi Yuan Drama ZHU Xi Yalta Agreement Yuan Dynasty ZHU Yuanzhang YAN Zhenqing YUAN Shikai Zhuang Yan’an Rectification Campaign Yuanming Yuan, Ruins of Zodiac YANG Zhu YUNG Wing Zuglakang Monastery Yangge Yungang Caves ZUO Zongtang

Aervitz, Irina George Mason Wen Jiabao Baensch, Robert New York University World Expo 2010–Shanghai University Industrialization Yangzi (Chang) River (co- author: Publishing Industry Northeastern Region, Revival of Leitich, Keith) Bai, Di Drew University Allan, Sarah Dartmouth College Andressen, Curtis National Caoyun System Erlitou Culture Chengchi University Harbin Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Heilongjiang Province Amer, Ramses Center for Pacific Forum Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Asia Studies Southeast Asian Financial Crisis of Jilin Province Indochina-China Relations 1997 Liaoning Province Vietnam-China Relations World Trade Organization Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Anderson, E. N. University of Aneja, Urvashi Institute of Peace Banister, Judith The Conference California, Riverside and Conflict Studies Board Cuisines Pakistan-China Relations Marriage and Family Health, Nutrition, and Food Arkush, David University of Iowa Bartlett, Beatrice Yale University Anderson, Wendell B e r k s h i r e Fei Xiaotong Ming-Qing Archives Publishing Group Qing Grand Council Auto Industry Augustin-Jean, Louis I l l i n o i s Yung Wing Banking, Modern (co-author: Institute of Technology Eldridge, Scott, II) Fujian Province Bartlett, Thomas La Trobe Chengdu (co-author: Nielsen, Bent) Guangdong Province University Chongqing (co- author: Nielsen, Township and Village Enterprises Song Dynasty Bent) Magazines (co- author: Shao Peiren) xv

Baumler, Alan Indiana University Brown, Kerry Chatham House, Caprio, Mark Rikkyo University of Pennsylvania London United Front Strategy Boxer Rebellion Beijing Consensus Cen, Yuhao Indiana University Extraterritoriality Communist Youth League Fudan University (co-author: Ross, Opium War, First Cultural Revolution Heidi) Treaty of Tianjin Currency Valuation St. John’s University (c o - a u t h o r : Twenty-One Demands Daqing Ross, Heidi) Deng Xiaoping Belkin, Ira Ford Foundation Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Tour Chai, Winberg University of Criminal Justice System Reforms since 1978–1979 Wyoming Bell, Daniel Tsinghua University Social Harmony Chen Cheng Confucianism—Revival United Kingdom–China Relations Chen Shui-bian Chiang Ching- kuo Benn, Charles University of Buck, David University of Chiang Kai- shek Hawaii Wisconsin, Milwaukee Democratic Progress Party Sui Dynasty Chinese Nationalist Party February 28th Incident Sui Wendi Lee Teng-hui Ma Ying-jeou Sui Yangdi Shandong Province 92 Consensus Soong Ziwen Bian, Morris Auburn University Soong Mei-ling Wang Jingwei Danwei Taiwan (Republic of China) Xi’an Incident National Resources Commission Taiwan Strait (Cross-Strait Weng Wenhao Buell, Paul Western Washington Relations) University Taiwan-China Relations Bian, Yanjie University of Ginseng Minnesota Chan, Kam-wing University of Jurchen Jin Dynasty Sociology Washington Khubilai Khan Migration, Interregional Blair, John Beijing Foreign Studies Lifan Yuan Urban Geography University Polo, Marco Divination (co-author: Tea and Tea Culture Chan, Timothy Hong Kong McCormack, Jerusha) Tofu Baptist University Governance Principles (c o - a u t h o r : Xixia Bo Juyi McCormack, Jerusha) Chuci Campbell, Joel Kansai Gaidai Governance System, Dual (co- Li Bai University author: McCormack, Jerusha) Quan Tangshi Chen Yun Proverbs and Sayings (co-author: Sima Xiangru Li Peng McCormack, Jerusha) Wang Wei Sunzi (co- author: McCormack, Campi, Alicia U.S.–Mongolia Chan, Wellington Occidental Jerusha) Advisory Group College Cashmere Industry Blum, Susan University of Notre Hong Merchants Tibetans (Zang) Dame Yao Chang Jui-te Academia Sinica Autonomous Areas Zhuang Academia Sinica Social Values National Taiwan University Cao, Qing Liverpool John Moores Bodman, Richard St. Olaf College University River Elegy (Heshang) (co-author: Perspectives on China— Western Wan, Pin P.)

Chang, Teh-Kuang Ball State Cheng, Linsun University of Cox, Howard University of University Massachusetts, Dartmouth Worcester Hangzhou Banking, History British American Tobacco Company Peking University Cheng Shengkui Institute of Croizier, Ralph University of Qinghua University Geographic Sciences & Natural Victoria Shanghai Resources Research Revolutions Chao, Anne Rice University Energy, Renewable (co-authors: Cunha, Stephen Humboldt State Chen Duxiu Shen Lei and Xu Zengrang) University New Culture Movement Chiou-Peng, TzeHuey University Tarim Basin Chen Bao- xing China Academy of of Illinois at Urbana- Three Gorges Dam Traditional Chinese Medicine Champaign Tian Shan Acupuncture (co-author: Dayan Pagoda Dai, Yingcong William Paterson LeCompte, Garé) Dazu Rock Carvings University Massage (co-author: LeCompte, Forbidden City Taiping Rebellion Garé) Shenyang Imperial Palace Medicine, Traditional (co- author: Summer Palace of Yi Heyuan Dass, Nirmal Ryerson University LeCompte, Garé) Ba Jin Chou, Diana Case Western Moxibustion (co-author: Calendar Reserve University LeCompte, Garé) Chen Zi’ang Chen Yifei Du Fu Chen, Huaiyu Arizona State Painting—Folk Han Yu University Painting—Landscape Huayan Buddhism Buddhism, Tibetan Christensen, Karen Berkshire Jian Zhen Daoism—Religion Publishing Group Kumarajiva Dazangjing Internet Use (co- author: Guo Liang) Li Qingzhao Nestorians Ping-Pong Diplomacy Old Prose Movement Chen, Matthew Rice University Social Networking, Online (co- Pear Garden Jardine Matheson Group author: Li, Jonathan Qiang) Richard, Timothy Lenovo Stuart, John Leighton Chung, Stephanie Hong Kong Tao Yuanming Chen Shiwei Lake Forest College Baptist University Three Obediences and the Four Cixi, Empress Dowager Hundred Flowers Campaign Virtues Yuan Shikai Long March Tiantai Zuo Zongtang Three and Five Antis Campaign Verbiest, Father Ferdinand Chen, Xu BOP Consulting Cliver, Robert Humboldt State Wang Yangming School Creative Economy (co- author: University Wen Tingyun Howkins, John) Third Front Policy Xu Zhimo Xunzi Chen, Yixin University of North Conrad, Bjoern Global Public Zhong Yong (Doctrine of the Carolina, Wilmington Policy Institute Mean) Yi Sports Training System Zuglakang Monastery Chen, Zhihong Cornell University Cook, Constance Lehigh Davis, Michael Northern Missouri Borodin, Mikhail University State University Zhou Dynasty Tai Chi

© 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC xviii Berkshire Encyclopedia of China 宝库山中华全书 de Bary, William Theodore Du Junfei Nanjing University Field, Andrew University of New Columbia University Internet Industry South Wales Neo-Confucianism Changling Mausoleum Eldridge, Scott, II Berkshire Grand Canal Deibert, Ronald University of Publishing Group Great Wall Toronto Banking, Modern (co-author: Internet Content Filtering Anderson, Wendell) Field, Stephen Trinity University Export Controls, U.S. Feng Shui DeMarco, Michael Journal of the Intellectual Property Rights Five Elements Asian Martial Arts Sports Sponsorship Qi Martial Arts (Wushu) (c o - a u t h o r : Yin and Yang Muchmore, Nicole) Ellis, Linden China Environment Forum, Woodrow Wilson Forage, Paul Florida Atlantic Deng, Kent London School of Center University Economics Aquaculture (co- author: Turner, Junk Exploration, Maritime Jennifer) Magnetism Ding, Peiyi University of Food Safety (co-author: Turner, Papermaking and Printing Queensland Jennifer) Science, Traditional Tourism (co-author: Scott, Noel) Silk Elman, Benjamin Princeton Ditmanson, Peter Colby College University Foret, Philippe University of Hai Rui Civil Service Examinations Nottingham Ming Dynasty Eight-Legged Essay Bishu Shanzhuang Tongdian Yuanming Yuan, Ruins of Endicott, Elizabeth Middlebury Yongle Dadian College Freeman, Carla Johns Hopkins Yongle, Emperor (Zhu Di) Yuan Dynasty University Dobbs, Charles Iowa State Africa-China Relations Eng, Robert University of University Redlands Fu Jinhe International Network Hundred Days Reform Chen Kaige for Bamboo and Rattan Lin Biao (co- author: Muchmore, Fishing Industry Bamboo Nicole) Foot-binding Self-Strengthening Movement Gale, Robert University of New Machinery and Equipment Industry South Wales Dolan, Thomas Columbus State Textile and Clothing Industry Energy Industry University Toy Industry Artifact Preservation Gaubatz, Piper University of Fan, C. Cindy University of Civil War (1945–1949) Massachusetts California, Los Angeles Korea-China Relations Grasslands Jiangsu Province Ming Maritime Expeditions Migrant Workers Georg, Stefan University of Leiden Missionary Education Urbanization Sino-Tibetan Languages People’s Courts Stilwell, Joseph Fan Hong University College Cork Gerber, Lydia Washington State World War II in Asia Olympic Games—History University Martin, William Alexander Parsons Dott, Brian R. Whitman College Ricci, Matteo Mount Tai (Taishan) Schall von Bell, Johann Adam Society of Jesus

Gerth, Karl University of Oxford Guo Ke Shanghai International Super Girl (co-author: Hong, Boycotts and Economic Nationalism Studies University Junhao) Consumerism Communications, External Video Games (co- author: Hong, Junhao) Gladney, Dru Pomona College Guo Liang Chinese Academy of Ethnic Relations Social Sciences Heberer, Thomas Gerhard- Internet Use (co-author: Mercator University, Duisburg Goldin, Paul Rakita University of Christensen, Karen) Cadre System Pennsylvania Corruption Warring States Period Guttmann, Allen Amherst College Guanxi Sports Golkin-Kadonaga, Arline Los Political Participation Angeles Pierce College Harcourt, Tim Australian Trade Social Associations Famine Commission Hegel, Robert Washington Australia-China Relations Grasso, June Boston University University Chinatowns Harper, Katherine Anne Loyola Poetry Debt, Foreign Marymount University Hill, Ronald University of Hong Lansing-Ishii Agreement Jade Kong Potsdam Conference Harris, Lane University of Illinois, Guizhou Province Shanghai Communique U r b a n a - C h a m p a i g n Sino-American Commercial Treaty Ho, Wan- li Emory University Baojia United Nations–China Relations Judaism Green Gang United States–China Relations New Life Movement Hong, Junhao State University of Greene, Megan University of New York at Buffalo Harris, Rachel University of Kansas Blogs (co- author: He Wenfa) London Calligraphy Cyberspace (co-author: He Wenfa) Music, Traditional Hong Kong Super Girl (co-author: He Wenfa) Twelve Muqam Television Groot, Gerry University of Hawks, Shelley Drake B o s t o n Video Games (co- author: He Adelaide University Wenfa) Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Mao Zedong, Evaluation of Horgan, John Concordia Gullett, Warwick University of Zhou Enlai University Wollongong Hayford, Charles Northwestern Disasters Fishing Industry—Taiwan University Transportation Systems Houser, Trevor Visiting New Rural Reconstruction Movement Fellow, Peterson Institute for Gunn, Edward Cornell University Rural Reconstruction Movement International Economics Literature Yen, Y. C. James Energy Policy (co-author: Rosen, Gunn, Geoffrey Nagasaki He Wenfa Communication Daniel) University University of China Howkins, John BOP Consulting Five Principles of Peaceful Blogs (co- author: Hong, Junhao) Creative Economy (co- author: Chen, Coexistence Cyberspace (co-author: Hong, Xu) Hong Kong Special Administrative Junhao) Region Macao Special Administrative Region

Hsieh, Ding-hwa Evelyn Truman Mongolia, China, and Russia Tang Yin State University Relations Wang Mian Buddhism Russia-China Relations Zhao Mengfu Buddhism, Chan Israeli, Raphael University of Johnson, Matthew University of Buddhism, Pureland Haifa California, San Diego Guanyin Boxer Protocol (Xinchou Treaty) Hu Die Huineng Canton System Sun Daolin Xuanzang Islam Xie Jin Hsu, Cathy Hong Kong School Jay, Jennifer University of Alberta Jones, William C. (deceased, of Hotel and Tourism An Lushan Rebellion formerly of Washington Management Eunuchs University in St. Louis) Gambling Fubing System Legal System— History Hsu Cho-yun University of Wu Zetian Kagan, Richard Hamline Pittsburgh Ji, Zhaojin Johns Hopkins University, Emeritus Environmental History—Ancient University Human Rights Hu, Xiaobo Clemson University Banque de l’Indochine Nanjing Massacre Economic System Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Kenley, David Elizabethtown Special Economic Zones Corp. (HSBC) College Pawnshops Huang Dan Fudan University May Fourth Movement Piaohao Newspaper Development Republican Revolution of 1911–1912 Qianzhuang Huang, Ellen University of Southern Three and Northern Four Klein, Thoralf University of Erfurt California, San Diego Banks Atheism Celadon Yokohama Specie Bank Klosterman Kidd, Laura Jingdezhen Jia, Wenshan State University of Southern Illinois University, Huang He York University New York, New Paltz Carbondale Enterprise Income Tax (c o - a u t h o r : Hu Jintao (co-author: Lynch, Clothing, Traditional Li Jinyan) Cassie) Clothing, Traditional— Tibet Taxation and Taxes (co-author: Li Jiang, Jing Reed College Knapp, Keith The Citadel Jinyan) Wound Literature Filial Piety Huang, Shu-Min Academia Sinica Three Fundamental Bonds and the Jiang Yonglin Oklahoma State Chongyang Festival Five Constant Virtues University Mid-Autumn Festival (Zhong Qiu) Qing Dynasty Knapp, Ronald State University of New Year (Spring Festival) (co- Tang Dynasty New York, New Paltz author: Yuan, Haiwang) Courtyard Houses (Siheyuan) Tiangan Dizhi Jiang, Yu Southern University at Hutong New Orleans Hwa, Lily University of St. Monument to the People’s Heroes Dong Qichang Thomas, Minnesota Pingyao City Painting—Court Tang Taizong Shikumen Painting—Flower and Bird Yangzi (Chang) River Bridge Hyer, Eric Brigham Young Paleolithic Era Zhaozhou Bridge University Central Asia–China Relations

Kolb, Charles C. Independent Lazich, Michael Buffalo State Levine, Mark Lawrence Berkeley Scholar and National College National Laboratory Endowment for the Humanities Bridgman, E. C. Climate Change—International Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Liang Qichao Cooperation Period Zhang Zhidong Levinson, Danny ChinaCSR.com Han Dynasty Lebold Cohen, Joan H a r v a r d Corporate Social Responsibility Southern and Northern Dynasties University Xia Dynasty Levy, Richard Salem State College Art, Contemporary Zheng He Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign LeCompte, Garé (deceased, Little Red Book Kowalewski, Michael The Old formerly of Hollins Lushan Conference School, Bhutan Communications Research Mao Zedong, Collected Works of Lhasa Institute) Potala Palace Lewis, James Center for Strategic Acupuncture (co-author: Chen Bao- and International Studies Kuang, Wenbo Renmin University x i n g ) Military Modernization Mobile Communications Massage (co-author: Chen Bao- x i n g ) Lewis, Steven Rice University Kwan Man Bun University of Medicine, Traditional (co- author: Cosco Group Cincinnati Chen Bao-xing) Fan Xudong Li, Cheng Brookings Institute Moxibustion (co-author: Chen Bao- Hou Debang Leadership—Ethnic Minority x i n g ) Tianjin Leadership—Future Scenarios Zhou Xuexi Lee, Wei-chin Wake Forest Li, Chris Wen-Chao San University Lachman, Charles University of Francisco State University Defense Industry Oregon Chinese, Classical Guohua (National-Style Painting) Lei, Xiong Independent scholar, Mandarin Beijing Laliberté, André University of Li, He Merrimack College Natural Resource Preservation Ottawa Latin America– China Relations Soil Erosion Buddhism, Four Sacred Sites of Sustainable Development Li Jinyan York University Buddhism, Persecution of Water Resources Enterprise Income Tax (c o - a u t h o r : Buddhist Association of China Huang He) Iron Rice Bowl Leitich, Keith Independent Taxation and Taxes (co-author: scholar, Seattle, Washington Larsen, Kirk George Washington Huang He) Guangzhou (Canton) University Henan Province Li, Jonathan Qiang Offerpal Zhao Ziyang Huang (Yellow) River Media Law Yuk-fun Hong Kong Shue Yan Yangzi (Chang) River (co- author: Social Networking, Online (co- University Anderson, Wendell) author: Christensen, Karen) Blue Shirts Society Zhu De Li Yong Soochow University Feng Guifen Leung, Chi Kin California State Confucian Temples Five-Anti Campaign University, Fresno Daoist Temples Hu Yaobang Foreign Investment Kang Youwei Foreign Trade Kong Xiangxi Li Dazhao

Lin, Jian-Zhong Eastern Lunsing, Wim Independent Matthews, Rebecca University of Connecticut State University scholar, Leiden, The Iowa Mogao Caves Netherlands Social Stratification Temple of Heaven Homosexuality May, Timothy North Georgia Thirteen Ming Tombs Lynch, Cassie Berkshire College and State University Lin, Man-houng Academia Sinica Publishing Group Chinggis Khan Opium Trade Hu Jintao (co-author: Jia, McBride, Richard, II P o m o n a Silver Wenshan) College Littell-Lamb, Elizabeth Lynch, Daniel University of Cult of Maitreya University of Tampa Southern California McCormack, Jerusha Beijing Women, Role of Socialist Spiritual Civilization Foreign Studies University Liu Hang Encyclopedia of China Lynn, Richard University of Divination (co-author: Blair, John) Publishing House Toronto Governance Principles (c o - a u t h o r : Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Han Rhapsodists Blair, John) I Ching (Classic of Changes) Governance System, Dual (co- Liu Kang Duke University author: Blair, John) Television—Dramas and Reality Ma Hongnan Cornell University Proverbs and Sayings (co-author: Shows Shenyang Blair, John) Television—News Ma, Qiusha Oberlin College Sunzi (co- author: Blair, John) Liu, Ts’ui-jung Academia Sinica Wenzhou Model McCurley, Dallas City University Environmental Studies Mackerras, Colin Griffith of New York Liu, Yingling Worldwatch University Drama Institute Gang of Four Qin Dynasty Environmental Movements Han Shang Dynasty Hui Lo, Sonny University of Waterloo McKay, Alex University College Jiang Zemin Black Gold Politics London Kunqu Dalai Lama Loh, Anthony Vanderbilt Opera, Beijing Tibet (Xizang) Autonomous Region University Opera, Regional Tibetan Uprising of 1959 Energy Security Opera, Yue Perspectives on the United Shadow Plays and Puppetry McNeill, William University of S t a t e s — C h i n e s e Wencheng, Princess Chicago, Emeritus Tiananmen Square Yangge China in World History Lone, Stewart University of New Madancy, Joyce Union College Meissner, Daniel Marquette South Wales Antidrug Campaign University Sino-Japanese War, First Opium War, Second Li Hongzhang Manchurian Incident Lu Yan University of New Malik, J. Mohan A s i a – P a c i fi c Zeng Guofan Hampshire Center for Security Studies Cai Yuanpei India-China Relations Mitter, Rana University of Oxford Guo Moruo Taipei Martin, Dorothea Appalachian Hu Shi State University Vernacular Language Movement Mao Zedong Zhou Zuoren

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