Contents List of Entries viii List of Contributors ix Introduction and Acknowledgments xxx Joan Lebold Cohen xxxviii Volume 1 Abacus to Cult of Maitreya Volume 2 Cultural Revolution to HU Yaobang Volume 3 Huai River to Old Prose Movement Volume 4 Olympics Games of 2008 to TANG Yin Volume 5 Tangshan Earthquake, Great to ZUO Zongtang Image Sources Volume 5, page 2666 Index Volume 5, page 2667 © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC List of Entries Abacus Asian Games BORODIN, Mikhail Academia Sinica Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Boxer Protocol (Xinchou Treaty) Acrobatics Atheism Boxer Rebellion Acupuncture Australia China Friendship Society Boycotts and Economic Adoption Australia-China Relations Nationalism Africa-China Relations Auto Industry BRIDGMAN, E. C. Agricultural Cooperatives Autonomous Areas British American Tobacco Movement BA Jin Company Agriculture Bamboo British Association for Chinese Agro-geography Bank of China Studies American Chamber of Commerce Banking—History British Chamber of Commerce in in China Banking—Modern China Ami Harvest Festival Banque de l’Indochine Bronzes of the Shang Dynasty An Lushan (An Shi) Rebellion Baojia Brookings Institution Analects Baosteel Group Buddhism Ancestor Worship Beijing Buddhism, Chan Anhui Province Beijing Consensus Buddhism, Four Sacred Sites of Antidrug Campaigns Bian Que Buddhism, Persecution of Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign Bianzhong Buddhism, Pure Land Anyang Bishu Shanzhuang Buddhism, Tibetan Aquaculture Black Gold Politics Buddhist Association of China Archaeology and Paleontology Blogs Bureau of Religious Affairs Architecture Blue Shirts Society BURLINGAME, Anson Art, Contemporary BO Juyi Butterfield and Swire Artifact Preservation Bohai Economic Region Butterfly Lovers viii © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC List of Entries ix Cadre System Chuci Dalian CAI Yuanpei Cinema Danwei Calendar Civil Service Examinations Dao (the Way) Calligraphy Civil War 1945– 1949 Daoism—Philosophy Canada China Business Council Cixi, Empress Dowager Daoism—Religion Canton Fair Climate and Vegetation Daoist Temples Canton System Climate Change— Export Daqing Cantonese (Yue) Emissions Dayan Pagoda CAO Xueqin Climate Change— International Dazangjing (Great Treasury CAO Yu Cooperation Scriptures) Caoyun System Cloisonné Dazhai Cartography Clothing, Traditional Dazu Rock Carvings Cashmere Industry Clothing, Traditional— Hong Debt, Foreign Celadon Kong Defense Industry Central Asia– China Relations Clothing, Traditional— Taiwan Democratic Progressive Party Changling Mausoleum Clothing, Traditional— Tibet DENG Xiaoping CHEN Cheng Committee of 100 Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Tour CHEN Duxiu Committee on Scholarly Commu- Development Zones CHEN Kaige nication with China DING Ling CHEN Shui-bian Communications, External Disability CHEN Yifei Communist Youth League Disasters CHEN Yun Compendium of Materia Medica Divination CHEN Ziang Confucian Ethics DONG Qichang Chengdu Confucian Sites at Qufu DONG Zhongshu CHIANG Ching- kuo Confucian Temples Dragon Boat Festival CHIANG Kai- shek Confucianism Drama China Daily Confucianism–Revival Dream of the Red Chamber China in World History Confucius DU Fu China Institute in America Confucius Institutes Duilian China National Radio Consumerism Dujiangyan Irrigation System China-Britain Business Council Corporate Social Responsibility Dunhuang Caves China-Japan Peace and Friendship Corruption East Asia, Chinese Influence in Treaty COSCO Group East China Sea Chinatowns Courtyard Houses (Siheyuan) East China Sea Oil Exploitation Chinese Central Television Creative Economy Economic System Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Crimes and Punishments Education System Chinese Construction Bank Criminal Justice System Education, Adult Chinese Nationalist Party CUI Jian Education, Compulsory Chinese, Classical Cuisines Education, Special Chinese-American Networking Cult of Maitreya Eight Revolutionary Model Dramas Symposium Cultural Revolution Eight-Legged Essay Chinggis Khan Cunguan Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Chongqing Currency Energy Industry Chongyang Festival Currency Valuation Energy Policy Chopsticks Cyberspace Energy Security Christianity Dalai Lama Energy, Renewable © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC x Berkshire Encyclopedia of China 宝 库 山 中 华 全 书 Enterprise Income Tax Gardens Hengduan Ranges Environmental History— Ancient Geography High-Technolog y Sector Environmental History— Modern Ginseng Historical Geography Environmental Movements Golden Lotus, The HI V/A IDS Environmental Studies Goldfish Hmong Erhu Governance Principles Homosexuality Erlitou Culture Governance System, Dual Hong Kong Ethnic Minorities Grand Canal Hong Kong Special Administrative Ethnic Relations Grasslands Region Eunuchs Great Britain–China Centre Hong Merchants Examinations, Imperial Great Leap Forward HONG Shen Exploration, Maritime Great Wall Hongcun and Xidi Export Controls, U.S. Great West Development Plan Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Extraterritoriality Greater Xing’an Range Corporation (HSBC) Famine Green Gang Hongze Lake FAN Xudong GU Yanwu Hopkins–Nanjing Center February 28th Incident GUAN Hanqing HOU Debang FEI Xiaotong Guangdong Province Household Responsibility System FENG Guifen Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous HU Die Feng Shui Region HU Jintao Filial Piety Guangzhou (Canton) HU Shi Fireworks and Firecrackers Guanxi HU Yaobang Fishing Industry Guanyin Huai River Fishing Industry—Taiwan Guilin Huang (Yellow) River Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Guizhou Province Huang Shan Period Gunpowder and Rocketry HUANG Zongxi Five Elements, The GUO Moruo Huangdi Neijing Five Principles of Peaceful Guohua (National-Style Painting) Huanglongsi Coexistence HAI Rui Huawei Five-Anti Campaign Haier Huayan Buddhism Five-Yuan System Hainan Province Hubei Province Food Safety Hakka Hui Foot-binding Hakka Languages Huineng The Forbidden City Han Human Rights Foreign Investment Han Dynasty Humor Foreign Trade Han Rhapsodists Hunan Province Forest Resources Han Yu Hundred Days Reform 48 Group Club Hangzhou Hundred Flowers Campaign Four Books and Five Classics of Hanlin Academy (Hanlin Yuan) Hundred Schools of Thought Confucianism Harbin Hungry Ghost Festival Fubing System Health Care System Hutong Fudan University Health, Nutrition, and Food I Ching (Classic of Changes) Fujian Province Heaven and Earth Society India-China Relations Gambling Hebei Province Indigenous Peoples— Taiwan Gang of Four Heilongjiang Province Indochina-China Relations Gansu Province Henan Province Industrialization © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC List of Entries xi Inner Mongolia Autonomous Lhasa Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi Region LI Bai Mawangdui Han Tombs Intellectual Property Rights LI Dazhao May First Labor Festival Internet Content Filtering LI Hongzhang May Fourth Movement Internet Industry LI Peng Medicine, Traditional Internet Use LI Qingzhao MEI Lanfang Iron Rice Bowl LI Shangyin Mencius Islam LI Shizhen MI Fu Jade LIANG Qichao Miao Japan-China Relations Liaoning Province Mid-Autumn Festival (Zhong Qiu) Jardine Matheson Group Liaozhai Zhiyi Migrant Workers JIAN Zhen Lifan Yuan Migration, Interregional JIANG Zemin LIN Biao Military Modernization Jiangsu Province Literature Military, Imperial Jiangxi Province Little Red Book Quotations( from Min Jilin Province Chairman Mao Zedong) Mineral Resources Jingdezhen LIU Gongquan Ming and Qing Novels Jiuzhaigou LIU Shaoqi Ming Dynasty Journalism Reform LIU Xiang Ming Maritime Expeditions Journey to the West The Long March Ming-Qing Archives Judaism Longmen Grottoes Missionary Education Junk LU Ban Mobile Communications Jurchen Jin Dynasty LU Xun Mogao Caves KANG Youwei Lushan Conference Mongolia, China, and Russia Kangxi, Emperor MA Ying- jeou Relations Kao-hsiung Macao Special Administrative Monument to the People’s Heroes Khubilai Khan Region Moso KONG Xiangxi Macao—History Mount Emei Korea-China Relations Machinery and Equipment Mount Tai Korean War Industry Mount Wudang Kumarajiva Magazines Moxibustion Kunlun Mountains Magnetism Mozi Kunqu Manchu Music, Contemporary Lacquerware Manchuria Music, Traditional Lansing-Ishii Agreement Manchurian Incident Musical Instruments LAO She Mandarin Naming System Laozi MAO Zedong Nanjing Latin America–China Relations Mao Zedong, Collected Works of Nanjing Massacre Law, Imperial Mao Zedong, Evaluation of National Committee on United Leadership—Ethnic Minority Marriage and Family States– China Relations Leadership—Future Scenarios Marriage, Imperial National Day LEE Teng-hui Martial Arts (Wushu) National Resources Commission LEE, Ang MARTIN, William Alexander National Taiwan University Legal System—History Parsons Natural Preserve Zones Legalist School Massage Natural Resource Preservation Lenovo Mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat- sen Needham Research Institute © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC xii Berkshire Encyclopedia of China 宝 库 山 中 华 全 书 NEEDHAM, Joseph People’s Liberation Army Rural Reconstruction Movement Neo-Confucianism Perspectives on China—Western Russia-China Relations Nestorians Perspectives on the United Sanxingdui New Culture Movement States— Chinese SARS New Life Movement Piaohao SAUMA, Rabban New Rural Reconstruction Ping-Pong Diplomacy SCHALL von BELL, Johann Adam Movement Pingyao City Science, Traditional New Year (Spring Festival) Pipa Self-Strengthening Movement Newspaper Development Poetry Shaanxi Province 92 Consensus Political Participation Shadow Plays and Puppetry Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region POLO, Marco Shandong Province Non-Governmental Organizations Porcelain Shang Dynasty (NGOs)