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Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Beil & Howell information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313-761-4700 800:521-0600 Order Number 9605265 Assessment and comparison of environmental knowledge and attitudes held by thirteenth grade general and technical education students in the Republic of Burundi Ndayitwayeko, Albert, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1994 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor. M I 48106 ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON OF ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES HELD BY THIRTEENTH GRADE GENERAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURUNDI DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Albert Ndayitwayeko, B.S., M.ED The Ohio State University 1994 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Robert E. Roth, Advisor Rosanne W. Fortner Stanley L. Helgeson Gary W. Mullins Advisor College of Education To My Wife P6iagie, My two Daughters Annick and Erica, and My Son Landry ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made to Dr. Robert E. Roth for his guidance, advice, deep understanding, and insight throughout this study and the entire Ph. D program. My sincere gratitude also go to the other members of my dissertation committee, Dr Rosanne W, Fortner, Dr. Stanley L. Helgeson, and Dr. Gary W. Mullins for their wise suggestions and comments, and their commitment to make this work a success. Thanks also go to Michelle Roberts, my program officer (AID), for her assistance and fruitful advice. Mr Charles Rutonesha and his family, Mr Frederic Ruland, Ms. Irma Cooper, and Ms. Mwajabu Possi, will always be remembered for their friendship, kindness, and moral support. Special thanks go to my wife P6lagie for her love, courage, and strong dedication to family matters during my absence. VITA June 11.1952 ..........................................................Born-Mugamba, Burundi 1978-197 9 ..................................................................B.S., Department of Biology and Chemistry. University of Burundi, Bujumbura. 1979-1980 ................................................................Biology teacher.Teacher Training High School, Buj u m bu ra-Bu r und i. 1980-198 1................................................................ Director, Teacher Training High School, Bujumbura-Burundi. * Certificate in ecology. Bureau des Programmes pour I’ Enseignement Secondaire, Bujumbura-Burundi. VITA (continued) 1981 -1982................................................................Visiting assistant lecturer in Biology University of Burundi-Bujumbura. 1982-1984................................................................... Assistant lecturer in Biology, University of Burundi. 1984-198 5...................................................................Certificate of ecology and Science Teaching Methods, University of Lidge, Sartilman, Belgium. 1985-198 7 ...................................................................Master lecturer in Biology, University of Burundi. 1987-1988 ................................................................... Academic secretary, Teacher Training Institute, University of Burundi 1988-1989....................................................................Dean,Teacher Training Institute University of Burundi. 1989-199 1................................................................... M. Ed., Department of Science Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. v PUBLICATIONS (1984). Approche system at ique des plantes medicmales du Mugamba-Sud. Presses et Publications, University du Burundi (45 pages) Bujumbura-Burundi (1985). Rapport de Stage en Biology et en Mythodologie de I' Enseignement des Sciences (33 pages), University de Liyge, Sartilman. Belgium. (1986/87). Guide pour la Mythodologie de I’ Enseignement de la Biologie au Cycle Inferieure des Humanitys (50 pages), Presses et Publications, University du Burundi (1990). Some observations on natural history museums and zoos in the Republic of Burundi. A pilot study. Visitor behavior. 5 (4), 10-11. Major Field: Education Studies in Environmental Education Minor Field: Science Education vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION............................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................iii VITA........................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................xiv CHAPTER........................................................................................................... RAGE I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................1 Need for the Study. ............................................................................. 4 Implications for the Present Research..................................................8 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................... 8 Objectives and Statistical Hypotheses .................................................9 Definition of Terms ............................................................................ 11 Limitations of the Study. ................................................................... 12 Basic Assumptions ..............................................................................13 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE........................................................... 14 Structure of the Burundi System of Education...................................14 Environmental Knowledge, Environmental Attitudes, and Education ....................................................................................... 17 Environmental Knowledge, Environmental Attitudes, and Demographic Variables................................................................20 Education and Human Population ......................................................23 Education and Natural Resources ..................................................... 27 Education and Water Quality. .......................................................... 32 Education and Ecological Principles .................................................. 34 Education and Environmental Global Concerns .............................. 36 vii III. PROCEDURES.........................................................................................42 Research Design ................................................................................. 42 Validity Determination ......................................................................... 45 Reliability Determination ......................................................................46 Population and Sampling .................................................................... 47 Conditions of Testing ......................................................................... 49 Data Analysis......................................................................................50 IV. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS......................................................................52 Respondents’ Background Information .............................................. 52 Age.................................................................................................53 Gender ..........................................................................................54 M ajor.............................................................................................54 Residential Location ....................................................................... 55 School Geographic Location..........................................................56 Major Source of Information about the Environment .................. 57 Parents’Occupation .......................................................................58 Parents’ Highest Degree................................................................59 Analysis of the Results