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Genderpoliciesandeuintegration.Pdf GENDER EQUALITY POLICIES AND EU INTEGRATION – EXPERIENCE OF VISEGRAD FOR EAP COUNTRIES Fund of Women Entrepreneurs Kutaisi, 2016 Presented collection of analytic article is published in the framework of the project: Gender Policies and EU Integration: Visegrad Countries Experience for EaP Countries. Project is financed by the International Visegrad Fund. Opinions expressed in this publication belong to the authors of respective chapters only and may not be perceived as the official view of the International Visegrad Fund or Fund of Women Entrepreneurs. The Fund is not responsible for the content of this publication. Authors: Meri Gelashvili Elena Kuparadze Maia Kuprava-Sharvashidze Nargiza Arjevanidze Ekaterine Gamakharia Klara Cozlova Enikő Pap Katarzyna Zielińska Magdalena Piscová Tamara Martsenyuk Translated by: Giorgi Kuparadze (I-VI Chapters) © All Rights Reserved. Women NGO – Fund of Women Entrepreneurs, 2016 Publishing House “UNIVERSAL”, 2015 19, I. Chavchavadze Ave., 0179, Tbilisi,Georgia : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ISBN 978-9941-22-791-2 Fund of Women Entrepreneurs 2016 Contents Foreword.......................................................................................... 7 I. Civil Society and Gender Equality Policies in Georgia ....... 9 1. Introduction................................................................................ 9 2. Aspects of Formation and Development of Civil Society in Georgia ...................................................................................... 11 3. Role of Civil Society in the Process of Reinforcing Institutional Mechanisms for Gender Equality ......................... 17 3.1 National Legislation on Gender Equality and International Obligations..................................................... 17 3.2. Gender Equality and Women’s Rights................................ 23 3.3. Assessment of Women’s Needs and Priorities.................... 27 3.4. Activities of Local Government and Applying Gender Mainstreaming Approaches ................................................ 35 3.5. Gender Equality in Decision-making.................................. 46 3.6. Women’s Rights Advocacy Opportunities in Georgia........ 52 4. Conclusions and Recommendations .......................................... 60 II. Legislative Aspects of Gender Equality Issues in Georgia.... 65 1. Introduction................................................................................ 65 2. Existing international political framework documents in the field of gender equality in Georgia ........................................... 66 3. Gender equality in the national political framework Documents ................................................................................. 71 4. Gender quota and issues related to women's participation in politics ................................................................................... 74 5. Human Trafficking (Trafficking) and its gender dimension...... 78 6. Violence against women............................................................ 81 6.1. Early Marriage .................................................................... 84 6.2. Unequal pay - discrimination in the labor market............... 85 6.3. Anti-discrimination law ...................................................... 86 6.4. Stereotypes and raising awareness...................................... 87 7. Conclusions and Recommendations .......................................... 89 3 2016 Fund of Women Entrepreneurs III. Women’s labour rights in Georgia: Patterns of gender discrimination and inequality in labour market ................... 95 1. Introduction ...............................................................................95 2. Overview of gender dimensions in Georgia’s labour market .... 97 3. International and national legal and institutional framework on women’s labour rights ...................................................... 105 3.1. International Instruments for Women’s Rights in the Workplace and Prohibition of Discrimination .................... 105 3.2. International Mechanisms for the Protection of Women’s Rights in Labour Relations and against Discrimination...... 108 3.3. National legal acts protecting gender equality and prohibiting discrimination in labour relations .................... 109 3.4. National legal mechanisms for gender equality at workplace........................................................................ 112 4. Barriers to women’s participation in labour market ................. 114 5. Conclusion and recommendations ............................................. 119 IV. Gender Equality Issues in Georgia: Comparative Analysis of International Rankings ....................................................... 126 1. Introduction................................................................................ 126 2. Social Institutions and Gender Index – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ................................. 127 3. The Global Gender Gap Index – World Economic Forum........ 129 4. Gender Inequality Index - United Nations Organization ......... 134 5. Conclusions and Recommendations .......................................... 136 V. Gender Equality Policies on the way to European Integration and International Commitments. The experience of Georgia and Visegrad Countries..................... 138 1. Background................................................................................ 138 2. Gender Equality and Enhancement of Rights............................ 138 3. State Policy on Gender Equality................................................ 140 4. International Commitments ....................................................... 142 5. Gender equality in the local legislation. Equality State Policy in Georgia ................................................................................. 145 4 Fund of Women Entrepreneurs 2016 6. Gender Equality and Women’s Political Engagement in Georgia ...................................................................................... 149 7. Current situation in terms of women’s political engagement .... 155 8. The experience of the Visegrad Group (V4) in terms of gender equality ...................................................................... 159 8.1. The equality policies and quota systems available in Visegrad countries .............................................................. 159 8.2. European Integration Policy on Gender Equality ............... 164 9. Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................... 166 VI. Women’s rights and territorial conflict, Abkhazia............... 179 1. Background................................................................................ 179 2. General Overview...................................................................... 183 3. Prevalence of Violence Against women in Abkhazia – result of unequal power distribution .................................................... 186 4. Reproductive health and rights ................................................. 189 5. Legal framework – gender based violence ................................ 190 6. Women public representation .................................................. 192 7. Conclusions and recommendations............................................ 195 VII. Gender equality situation in Ukraine: challenges and opportunities ............................................................................ 203 1. Introduction and background information ................................ 203 2. Gender (in)equality in Ukraine: international comparison and obligations........................................................................... 204 3. EU gender policies and Ukraine ................................................ 207 4. Gender politics in Ukraine: contradictions of gender legislation ................................................................................. 209 5. Gender aspects of family life in Ukraine ................................... 212 6. Gender aspects of labor market in Ukraine................................ 215 7. Gender aspects of political life in Ukraine ................................ 218 8. Conclusions and Recommendations .......................................... 220 VIII. Gender Policies and EU Integration – Experience of V4 for Eap Countries Case of Slovakia.................................. 226 1. Foreword ................................................................................... 226 2. Women in recent history - brief historical excursion................. 227 5 2016 Fund of Women Entrepreneurs 3. Women in Slovakia – gender equality or gender bias? Socio demographic background........................................................... 228 4. Gender equality mechanism, national strategies and legislation................................................................................... 233 5. Institutional structures................................................................ 234 6. Strategic documents................................................................... 234 7. Mechanism to support gender equality. Good practices. ........... 239 8. Conclusions................................................................................ 241 IX. Gender Equality in Poland in the context of the EU Integration................................................................................ 244 1. Setting the scene – gendering post-1989 transformation
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