WO 2014/174113 A2 30 October 2014 (30.10.2014) P O P C T
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(Yellow Oleander) Seed Oil and Sus Domesticus (Pig) Lard
PREPARATION AND STUDIES OF BIODIESELS FROM THEVETIA PERUVIANA (YELLOW OLEANDER) SEED OIL AND SUS DOMESTICUS (PIG) LARD BY YAKUBU ALI DALLATU DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA. DECEMBER, 2015 PREPARATION AND STUDIES OF BIODIESELS FROM THEVETIA PERUVIANA (YELLOW OLEANDER) SEED OIL AND SUS DOMESTICUS (PIG) LARD BY Yakubu Ali DALLATU, B.Sc (Hons) CHEMISTRY(BUK) 1984; POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN EDUCATION (ABU) 1988 ; M.Sc ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (ABU) 2000 Ph.D/SCIE/05687/2009-2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA. DECEMBER, 2015 ii Declaration I declare that the work in this Thesis entitled “Preparation and Studies of Biodiesels from Thevetia peruviana (Yellow Oleander) Seed Oil and Sus domesticus (Pig) Lard”, has been carried out by me in the Department of Chemistry. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this thesis was previously presented for another degree or diploma at this or any other Institution. Yakubu Ali DALLATU _____________________ _______________________ __________________ Name of Student Signature Date iii Dedication This research work is dedicated to my wife, Mrs. Rhoda Y. Dallatu and our children, Unomliyi, Alionom and Apemu for their patience, support and encouragement. iv Certification This thesis, entitled ―PREPARATION AND STUDIES OF BIODIESELS FROM THEVETIA PERUVIANA (YELLOW OLEANDER) SEED OIL AND SUS DOMESTICUS (PIG) LARD‖ by Yakubu Ali DALLATU meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Analytical Chemistry of the Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. -
Nutraceutical Profile of Selected Oils, Distillates and Butters
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 28, No. 2, 2014; 37-41 Nutraceutical Profile Of Selected Oils, Distillates And Butters RIPAL R. KHAMAR & Y. T. JASRAI Department of Botany, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract : The mixed tocopherol , phytosterol and sqalene were estimated in the oils and their deodorized distillate (remove of flavor) available in the India market and to know about the nutraceuticals value in respect with tocopherol (vitamin E), Phytosterol and squalene.The oils taken in the investigation were Amaranth oil, Avocado oil, Cashew nut shell oil, Castor oil, Coconut oil, Corn/Maize oil, Cottonseed oil, Cumin oil, Fish oil, Groundnut oil, Linseed oil, Mustard oil, Neem oil, Olive oil, Palm oil, Pomegranate seed oil, Psyllium seed oil, Rice bran oil, Safflower oil, Sesame oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil and Wheat germ oil. Avacado oil contains highest quantity of mixed tocopherol while the lowest % is found in coconut, cumin, flaxed seed , neem and pomegranate oils. Phytosterol was highest in Pumpkin seed oil and lowest in Sesame seed oil. Sqalene (precursor to cholesterol) was highest in Amaranth seed oil and Mango butter oils and lowest in Shea butter. In deodorised distillate, phytosterol was highest in Soya bean oil but lowest in Olive oil. However, Sqalene was highest in distillate of Olive oil and lowest in distillate of Groundnut oil.Punicic acid (polysaturated fatty acid) and sesamin (a lignin) were present in Palm oil, Pomegranate seed oil and Sesame oil raw and in distillates. KEYWORDS: Edible oil, Distillate, Butter, Nutraceutical profile, Tocopherol, Vitamin E INTRODUCTION: The present study has been deodorization (to remove off flavors), often abbreviated as undertaken to know the nutritional value of fatty acids in RBD. -
Influence of Free Fatty Acid Content in Biodiesel Production on Non-Edible Oils
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM WASTES: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities 1St International Conference September 12th – 14th 2011 INFLUENCE OF FREE FATTY ACID CONTENT IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION ON NON-EDIBLE OILS A. Ribeiro1, F. Castro2 and J. Carvalho3 1 CVR – Centre for Waste Valorization, [email protected]. 2 University of Minho/CT2M, fcastro@ dem.uminho.pt. 3 CVR – Centre for Waste Valorization/CT2M, [email protected] ABSTRACT The use of alternative feedstock as waste cooking oils (WCO) and bovine tallow for biodiesel production has some advantages. It is cheaper than edible vegetable oils and it is a way to valorize a sub-product. Nevertheless, these oils possess some contaminants, specially free fatty acid (FFA) content, which can reduce the quality and yield of biodiesel production. This problem was solved by testing different operating conditions and different transesterification procedure and equipments for each stage of processing. Technological assessment of process was carried out to evaluate their technical benefits, limitations and quality of final product. In this work biodiesel was produced by an alkali- catalyzed transesterification and by a two step esterification/alkali-catalysed transesterification in cases which FFA content has above 3%. Evaluation of quality from raw materials and final biodiesel was performed according to standard EN 14214. Results show that all parameters analyzed meet the standard and legislation requirements. This evidence proves that in those operational conditions the biodiesel produced from WCO and bovine tallow can substitute petroleum-based diesel. Keywords: Biodiesel; Free Fatty acid (FFA); Waste Cooking Oil (WCO); Bovine tallow INTRODUCTION Energy is the most fundamental requirement for human existence and activities. -
Current Issues in Non-Timber Forest Products Research
New Cover 6/24/98 9:56 PM Page 1 Current Issues in Non-Timber Forest Products Research Edited by M. Ruiz Pérez and J.E.M. Arnold CIFOR CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 1 CURRENT ISSUES IN NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 3 CURRENT ISSUES IN NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH Proceedings of the Workshop ÒResearch on NTFPÓ Hot Springs, Zimbabwe 28 August - 2 September 1995 Editors: M. Ruiz PŽrez and J.E.M. Arnold with the assistance of Yvonne Byron CIFOR CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 4 © 1996 by Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved. Published 1996. Printed in Indonesia Reprinted July 1997 ISBN: 979-8764-06-4 Cover: Children selling baobab fruits near Hot Springs, Zimbabwe (photo: Manuel Ruiz PŽrez) Center for International Forestry Research Bogor, Indonesia Mailing address: PO Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 5 Contents Foreword vii Contributors ix Chapter 1: Framing the Issues Relating to Non-Timber Forest Products Research 1 J.E. Michael Arnold and Manuel Ruiz PŽrez Chapter 2: Observations on the Sustainable Exploitation of Non-Timber Tropical Forest Products An EcologistÕs Perspective Charles M. Peters 19 Chapter 3: Not Seeing the Animals for the Trees The Many Values of Wild Animals in Forest Ecosystems 41 Kent H. Redford Chapter 4: Modernisation and Technological Dualism in the Extractive Economy in Amazonia 59 Alfredo K.O. -
Potential of Chrozophora Tinctoria Seed Oil As a Biodiesel Resource
applied sciences Article Potential of Chrozophora tinctoria Seed Oil as a Biodiesel Resource Seyed Salar Hoseini 1, Gholamhassan Najafi 1,*, Armin Fattahpour Moazzez 1, Saeid Hazrati 2, Mohammad Taghi Ebadi 3 and Talal Yusaf 4,* 1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran; [email protected] (S.S.H.); [email protected] (A.F.M.) 2 Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plants, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran; [email protected] 3 Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran; [email protected] 4 Department of Development, Aviation Australia, Brisbane 4007, Australia * Correspondence: g.najafi@modares.ac.ir (G.N.); [email protected] (T.Y.) Received: 30 March 2020; Accepted: 15 May 2020; Published: 18 May 2020 Featured Application: Produced biodiesel through this research work can be used as a suitable fuel source instead of petroleum-derived fuels. Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that has been widely used in recent years. There are various resources used as biodiesel feedstocks, including animal fats, waste oils, and vegetable oils. In the present study, Chrozophora tinctoria seed oil is introduced as a new biodiesel feedstock. C. tinctoria is a weed and non-edible plant. So, the primary cost of this resource is very low, and hence it can be considered as a biodiesel source. This plant can also grow in most weather conditions. In the present study, the research team tried to produce biodiesel from C. tinctoria seeds through a transesterification reaction. To intensify the transesterification reaction, an ultrasonic device was used. -
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Seed Oil Plants of North-East India: a Review
Review Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of seed oil plants of North-East India: A review Priyanka Saha1, Anupam Das Talukdar1*, Sanjoy Singh Ningthoujam1,2, Manabendra Dutta Choudhury1, Deepa Nath1,3, Lutfun Nahar4, Satyajit Dey Sarker4, Norazah Basar4,5 1Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; 2Department of Botany, Ghanapriya Women’s College, Imphal, Manipur, India; 3Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Karimganj College, Karimganj-788710. Assam India; 4Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Apart from being used as food, seed oils have also been used traditionally as medicinal products by several communities. However, the full medicinal potential of many seed oil plants is yet to be properly reviewed, particularly for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. North-East India has rich resources of seed oil plants. The availability of detailed information on these plants is quite limited. This review aims to explore and evaluate these seed oil plants of the North-East India with particular emphasis on their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as chemical compositions. A comprehensive literature search on seed oil plants of this region has been performed. Seed oil yielding plants of this region can be categorized into two categories: plants that are used traditionally as sources of edible or medicinal oils and plants that are used for purposes other than as sources of oils. Many seed oil plants of this region have been reported to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and to produce various types of compounds. -
Esolvent-Free, Enzyme-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Mango, Neem, and Shea Oils Via Response Surface Methodology
Nde et al. AMB Expr (2015) 5:83 DOI 10.1186/s13568-015-0172-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access ESolvent‑free, enzyme‑catalyzed biodiesel production from mango, neem, and shea oils via response surface methodology Divine Bup Nde1,2*, Carlos Astete1 and Dorin Boldor1 Abstract Mango, neem and shea kernels produce non-conventional oils whose potentials are not fully exploited. To give an added value to these oils, they were transesterified into biodiesel in a solvent-free system using immobilized enzyme lipozyme from Mucor miehei. The Doehlert experimental design was used to evaluate the methyl ester (ME) yields as influenced by enzyme concentration—EC, temperature—T, added water content—AWC, and reaction time—RT. Biodiesel yields were quantified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and subsequently modeled by a second order polynomial equation with interactions. Lipozyme enzymes were more tolerant to high temperatures in neem and shea oils reaction media compared to that of mango oil. The optimum reaction conditions EC, T, AWC, and RT assuring near complete conversion were as follows: mango oil 7.25 %, 36.6 °C, 10.9 %, 36.4 h; neem oil EC 7.19 %, T 45.7 °C, AWC 8.43 %, RT 25.08 h; and shea oil EC 4.43 %, T 45.65 °C, AWC 6.21 % and RT = 25.08 h. Validation= experiments= of these= optimum conditions gave= ME yields= of 98.1 1.0, 98.5= 1.6 and 99.3= 0.4 % for mango, neem and shea oils, respectively, which all met ASTM biodiesel standards.± ± ± Keywords: Biodiesel, Enzyme, Mango, Methyl esters, Neem, Shea Introduction completely exhausted. -
Palm Trees of the Amazon and Their Uses
«fem \J (Fft Ford & West hth London PALM TREES OF THE AMAZON AND THEIR USES. BY ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE. WITH FORTY-EIGHT PLATES, LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, I PATERNOSTER ROW 1853, PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS3 RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. IDiU PREFACE. 1 HE materials for this work were collected during my travels on the Amazon and its tributaries from 1848 to 1852. Though principally occupied with the varied and interesting animal productions of the country, I yet found time to examine and admire the wonders of vegetable life which everywhere abounded. In the vast forests of the Amazon valley, tropical vegetation is to be seen in all its luxuriance. Huge trees with but- tressed stems, tangled climbers of fantastic forms, and strange parasitical plants everywhere meet the admiring gaze of the naturalist fresh from the meadows and heaths of Europe. Everywhere too rise the graceful Palms, true denizens of the tropics, of which they are — IV PREFACE. the most striking and characteristic feature. In the districts which I visited they were everywhere abundant, and I soon became interested in them, from their great variety and beauty of form and the many uses to which they are applied. I first endeavoured to familiarize myself with the aspect of each species and to learn to know it by its native name; but even this was not a very easy matter, for I was often unable to see any dif- ference between trees which the Indians assured me were quite distinct, and had widely different properties and uses. More close examination, however, convinced me that external characters did exist by which every species could be separated from those most nearly allied to it, and I was soon pleased to find that I could di- stinguish one palm from another, though barely visible above the surrounding forest, almost as certainly as the natives themselves. -
6Casas-Mango Kernels.Pmd
SCIENCE DILIMAN (JULY-DECEMBER 2015) 27:2, 41-75 EV Casas et al. Optimizing Microwave-assisted Crude Butter Extraction from Carabao Mango (Mangifera indica) Kernels Edgardo V. Casas* University of the Philippines Los Baños Von Jansen G. Comedia University of the Philippines Los Baños Arni G. Gilbuena University of the Philippines Los Baños Ateneo de Manila University Kevin F. Yaptenco University of the Philippines Los Baños ABSTRACT Carabao mangoes are among the highly produced fruit crops in the Philippines. The processing and consumption of carabao mangoes leave a significant amount of waste seeds. Mango kernel butter extracted from waste seed kernels is a potential additive to cosmetic products or as a cocoa butter substitute. This study determined the pretreatment conditions that produce optimum yield prior to the mechanical extraction of the crude butter. Moreover, this study provided a general sensory evaluation of the finished product. Microwave power (160, 500, and 850 W), microwave exposure time (2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 min), and size levels (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mm) were tested for their effects on the yield of the mechanically extracted crude butter in wet basis percentage. The optimization procedures resulted to optimum pretreatment conditions of 160 W, 4.25 min, and 1.5 mm. Size level was the most significant factor in the crude butter yield. Sensory evaluation of the crude butter extracted at optimum pretreatment conditions through acceptance test by a test panel resulted to below neutral scores in visual appearance and odor, _______________ *Corresponding Author ISSN 0115-7809 Print / ISSN 2012-0818 Online 41 Optimizing Microwave-assisted Crude Butter Extraction and above neutral score in texture, indicating the potential of mango butter as a good substitute to cocoa butter in cosmetic products. -
Extraction and Characterization of Oil from Ethiopian Mangifera Indica Seed Kernels
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Vol. 77, February 2018, pp. 131-135 Extraction and Characterization of Oil from Ethiopian Mangifera Indica Seed Kernels M Kemal1, S A Jabasingh1,*, A Yimam1 and J A Kumar2 1Process Engineering Division, School of Chemical and Bio Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Received 03 October 2016; revised 17 July 2017; accepted 24 December 2017 High population growth demands alternative sources for producing valuable products from waste materials. One such waste material in Ethiopia is mango seed kernel and the oil extracted from the mango seed kernel, have immense application in the cosmetics industry. The main aim of this research is to determine the optimum operating condition for the extraction of oil from the mango seed kernel. Keywords: Mango Seed Kernel, Oil, Cosmetic Industry, Extraction, Yield Introduction The moisture content of the kernel was determined by Natural oils are excellent emollients derived from a measuring the weight of the sample before drying and variety of plants1,2. Mango seed kernel oil has been after drying in an oven at 105°C respectively. used as a key ingredient in the cosmetics, as it is a good Mango oil extraction 3,4 source of phenolic compounds . In the context of The experimental work was conducted using soxhlet Ethiopia, 126,800 qt of mango are produced in the extractor in triplicate with three different solvents: Arba Minch and Zuria Woreda with a total area hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol1,2. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,722,106 B2 Odom (45) Date of Patent: May 13, 2014
USOO8722106B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,722,106 B2 Odom (45) Date of Patent: May 13, 2014 (54) LIP BALM COMPOSITION (56) References Cited (75) Inventor: Fountain Odom, Charlotte, NC (US) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: The MotherVine Nutraceuticals Co. 4,793,991 A * 12/1988 Slimak ............................ 424/64 LLC, Charlotte, NC (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this DE 102O08021756 A1 * 11, 2009 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 DE 102011 101512 A1 * 11, 2012 U.S.C. 154(b) by 296 days. SU 1183109 A * 10, 1985 (21) Appl. No.: 13/309,736 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) Filed: Dec. 2, 2011 English translation of Abstract of SU 1183109 A1, Lobanova et al. ck (65) Prior Publication Data k cited. by examiner US 2013/O142881 A1 Jun. 6, 2013 Primary Examiner — Rosanne Kosson (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Clements Bernard PLLC; (51) Int. Cl. Gregory N. Clements A6 IK36/00 (2006.01) A6 IK36/87 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT A6 IK35/64 (2006.01) A lip balm composition of natural ingredients, comprising: A6 IK3I/20 (2006.01) 54-70 wt.% of one or more oils, 22-28 wt.% beeswax, 3-4 wt. (52) U.S. Cl. % propolis, 3-5 wt.% pomace, 0.02-3.2 wt.% antioxidant, (58) fo - - - - - ini E.766; 424/538; 514/558 and optional ingredients, whereby all components add to 100 OSSO Sea wt.%. USPC ........................... 424/725, 766, 538; 514/558 See application file for complete search history. 15 Claims, No Drawings US 8,722,106 B2 1. -
Kasturi Natural Oils Delhi
KASTURI NATURAL OILS DELHI Sr # NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS 1 AGARWOOD BEST OIL 2 AGARWOOD GRADE II OIL 3 AJOWAN OIL 4 ANISE SEED OIL 5 ASAFODETIA (HING)OIL 6 ABMREET SEED OIL 7 ANGELICA ROOT OIL 8 ANGELICA OIL 9 ANITHOL OIL 10 ASPARGAS OIL 11 AMYRIS OIL 12 AROMISE OIL 13 ARNICA OIL 14 ASHWGADHA OIL 15 APPLE SEED OIL 16 BASIL OIL 17 BAY OIL 18 BAY LAUREL OIL 19 BELA OIL 20 BERGAMOTT OIL 21 BETEL LEAF OIL 22 BLACK CURRANT OIL 23 BLACK PEPPER OIL 24 BENZOIN RESINOID OIL 25 BIRCH OIL 26 BORAGE OIL 27 BLOOD ORANGE OIL 28 CAJEPUT OIL 29 CALENDULA OIL 30 CROTON OIL 31 CARADOMOM OIL 32 CAMELLIA OIL 33 CAMPHOR OIL 34 CIVET OIL 35 CARNATION OIL 36 CADE OIL 37 CASSIA OIL 38 CELERY SEED OIL 39 CARAWAY OIL 40 CATNIP OIL 41 CAJEPUT OIL 42 CEDARWOOD OIL 43 CINNAMON OIL 44 CITRONELLA 45 CLARY SAGE 46 CLOVE OIL 47 CUMMIN SEED OIL 48 CORIANDER SEED OIL 49 CUBEB OIL 50 CALAMUS OIL 51 CUMIN OIL 52 CURRY LEAF OIL 53 CUSTARD APPLE SEED OIL 54 CYPRESS OIL 55 DILL SEED OIL 56 DAVANA OIL 57 EUCALYPTUS NILGIRI OIL 58 ELEMI OIL 59 EUGENOL OIL 60 EVENING PRIME ROSE OIL 61 FENNEL OIL 62 FIR NEDDLE OIL 63 FRANGIPANI OIL 64 FRANKINCENSE (OLIBANUM) 65 GANDHPURA OIL 66 GARDENIA OIL 67 GARLIC OIL 68 GERANIUM OIL 69 GERMAN CHAMOMILLE BLUE OIL 70 ROMAN CHAMOMILE OIL 71 GALBANUM OIL 72 GINGER OIL 73 GRAPEFRUIT OIL 74 GREEN MINT OIL 75 GURJAM BALSAM OIL 76 GUIACWOOD OIL 77 GINGER OIL 78 HELICHRYUSUM OIL 79 HAR SRINGAR OIL 80 HOPS OIL 81 HYSSOP OIL 82 HOOWOOD OIL 83 HIBISCUS OIL 84 JASMINE OIL 85 JUNIPER BERRY OIL 86 JUNIPER LEAF OIL 87 KEWRA OIL 88 KEWRA SEED OIL 89 KAPUR KACHARI