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Fish Genetics Research in Member Countries and Institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture

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Fish Genetics Research in Member Countries and Institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture Fish Genetics Research in Member Countries and Institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture Edited by Modadugu V. Gupta Belen O. Acosta 2001 Fish Genetics Research in Member Countries and Institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture Proceedings of the Fifth Steering Committee Meeting of INGA held on 3-5 March 1999, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Edited by Modadugu V. Gupta Belen O. Acosta 2001 Published by ICLARM – The World Fish Center PO Box 500 GPO 10670 Penang, Malaysia Gupta, M.V. and B.O. Acosta, Editors. 2001. Fish Genetics Research in Member Countries and Institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 64, 179 p. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Cataloguing in Publication Data Fish genetics research in member countries and institutions of the international network on genetics in aquaculture/ [research coordinator Modadugu V. Gupta]. ISBN 983-2346-05-3 1. Fisheries - Research. 2. Aquaculture - Research. I. Gupta, Modadugu V. 338.372707 ISBN 983-2346-05-3 ICLARM Contribution No. 1614 Printed by Juta Print, Penang, Malaysia ICLARM – The World Fish Center is one of the 16 international research centers of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) that has initiated the public awareness campaign, Future Harvest. CONTENTS FOREWORD v M.J. Williams PREFACE vii M.V. Gupta Networking in aquaculture genetics research 1 M.V. Gupta and B.O. Acosta Aquaculture genetics research in Bangladesh 7 M.G. Hussain and M.A. Mazid Aquaculture genetics research in China 15 Li Sifa Fish genetics research in Côte d’Ivoire 25 V. Yapi-Gnaore Aquaculture genetics research in Egypt 29 H. Elghobashy A comparative evaluation of two tilapia strains in Fiji 35 S. Nandlal, C.W. Morris, M. Lagibalavu and E. Ledua Aquaculture genetics research in India: an overview 43 S. Ayyappan, A.G. Ponniah, P.V.G.K. Reddy, R.K. Jana, K.D. Mahapatra and Y. Basavaraju Aquaculture genetics research in Indonesia 51 A. Hardjamulia, F. Sukadi, Subagyo and R. Gustiano Aquaculture genetics research in Malawi 61 A. Ambali Genetics for improvement of fish in Malaysia 65 T.K. Mukherjee Fish genetics research and development in the Philippines 71 A. Camacho, T. Abella and M. Tayamen Aquaculture genetics research in Thailand 77 N. Pongthana Review on fish genetics and breeding research in Vietnam 91 T. M. Thien, N. C. Dan and P. A. Tuan Fish genetics research at ICLARM - The World Fish Centre 97 M.V. Gupta, B.O. Acosta, R. Dunham and P.R. Gardiner Israeli aquaculture genetic improvement programs 103 G. Hulata Gene mapping, marker-assisted selection, gene-cloning, genetic engineering 109 and integrated genetic improvement programs at Auburn University Z. J. Liu Gene banking and common carp breeding program in Hungary 119 S. Gorda and L. Varadi Aquatic genetic resource activities of the Fisheries Department, 123 Food and Agriculture Organization D. Bartley Activities at AKVAFORSK of importance to the INGA 129 T. Gjedrem and T. Svealv Overview of Fish Genetics Research at Queensland University of Technology 133 P. B. Mather Genetics research at SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department 141 Z. Basiao Overview of aquaculture genetics research in the Institute of Aquaculture, 145 University of Stirling D.J. Penman Research on the genetics of aquatic organisms at the School of Biological 151 Sciences, University of Wales Swansea G.C. Mair and J.A. Beardmore Genetics research at Wageningen University and Research Centre, 161 the Netherlands H. Komen, M. Tanck and N. Ruane SPECIES INDEX 169 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 175 FOREWORD With a growing world population, especially in developing countries, achieving and improving food security calls for well-targeted actions. Fish are an important food, and fisheries provide employment for many. Declining fish stocks in oceans, rivers and lakes pose a threat to those who depend on catching fish for daily sustenance, and who depend on employment in fisheries, particularly artisanal fisheries. Aquaculture is one sector that contributes significantly to world food production. As natural fish stocks decline, it is crucial to improve production from aquaculture, to improve production efficiency, and to improve aquaculture species by genetic enhancement. The International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture (INGA) was established in 1993 to increase the quantity of fish protein consumed by low-income rural and urban people in tropical developing countries through efficient breeding and selection programs that will improve aquaculture production and the income of resource-poor fish farmers. Thirteen developing countries, nine advanced scientific institutions and three international and regional organizations make up INGA’s membership. The INGA network has been a catalyst for substantial progress in genetics research in member countries. These 13 countries produce 83 per cent of world aquaculture output. Some of them are already reaping the benefits from their investment in genetics research in the form of more productive strains of fish. This proceedings provides a detailed and valuable insight into current aquaculture genetics. The papers were prepared for the Fifth INGA Steering Committee meeting held in March 1999 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The meeting, kindly hosted by the Malaysian Department of Fisheries and the University of Malaya, was significant because it brought together scientists from both developing and developed countries, permitting a wide exchange of the latest advances in genetics research in aquaculture. Meryl J. Williams Director General ICLARM – The World Fish Center v vi PREFACE This publication incorporates the information drawn from aquaculture genetics research undertaken or in progress in Member Countries and Associate Member Institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture (INGA). INGA has a membership of 13 countries in Asia, the Pacific and Africa, and 12 advanced scientific institutions. The Steering Committee of INGA consists of senior research planners from member countries and institutions as well as ICLARM. The Committee meets at regular intervals to discuss progress in aquaculture genetics, identify areas for possible collaboration, and share information. The Fifth Steering Committee of INGA hosted by the Malaysian Department of Fisheries and the University of Malaysia was held in Kuala Lumpur, from 3-5 March 1999. The meeting was attended by all members and associate members of the network. The papers presented at this meeting were informative and contained a wealth of information on the state of aquaculture genetics research in the respective countries and institutions . Hence, INGA/ICLARM undertook to publish the papers presented at the meeting. Papers presented at the meeting in 1999 were revised by their respective authors to incorporate the developments that have taken place since then. Aquaculture genetics research is in its infancy in many developing countries and there is an urgent need for collaboration among institutions in the developing and developed countries for synergy in developing better breeds of fish that can contribute to increased production and food security while ensuring the conservation of aquatic biodiversity. All the members and associate members of INGA have been playing an active and important role in this and in supporting network activities. Close collaboration among network members is evident from the exchange of germplasm following material transfer agreements and quarantine protocols and collaborative research projects that have been developed. On behalf of INGA I thank all those who have contributed to this volume. Modadugu V. Gupta Research Coordinator, INGA vii viii NETWORKING IN AQUACULTURE GENETICS RESEARCHa M.V. Gupta and B.O. Acosta ICLARM – The World Fish Center P.O. Box 500, GPO 10670, Penang, Malaysia GUPTA, M.V. and B.O. ACOSTA. 2001. Networking in aquaculture genetics research, p. 1-5 In M.V. Gupta and B.O. Acosta (eds.) Fish genetics research in member countries and institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 64, 179 p. ABSTRACT Aquaculture genetics research is in its infancy compared to that of crops and livestock. Multidisciplinary research coupled with networking are effective tools in genetics research especially in developing countries. Variability in fish species, farming systems and production environments made it imperative for genetic enhancement of aquaculture species to be done through regional and international cooperation. Realizing this, ICLARM-the World Fish Center initiated the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture (INGA) in 1993. At present, the network has a membership of 13 countries from Asia, the Pacific and Africa and 12 advanced scientific institutions. In the short time since its inception, the network has made significant progress in: assisting member countries in developing national breeding programs; initiating two regional research programs for genetic improvement of carps and Nile tilapia; assisting the transfer of germplasm between member countries for research and to disseminate improved strains; assisting the formation of national genetics networks; assisting in capacity building among developing country scientists; and providing information on genetics research and policy issues in biodiversity conservation, intellectual property rights, etc. Background 6% in the 1950s and 1960s to 0.6% in 1995 and 1996 (FAO 1999), suggesting an increase in dependence on About a billion people,
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