Management and Ecology of Lake and Reservoir Fisheries
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Management and Ecology of Lake and Reservoir Fisheries Management and Ecology of Lake and Reservoir Fisheries Management and Ecology of Lake and Reservoir Fisheries EDITED BY I. G. COWX Hull International Fisheries Institute University of Hull, UK © 2002 by DISTRIBUTORS Fishing News Books Marston Book Services Ltd A Division of Blackwell Science Ltd PO Box 269 Editorial Offices: Abingdon Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL Oxon OX14 4YN 25 John Street, London WC1N 2BS (Orders: Tel: 01865 206206 23 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh EH3 6AJ Fax: 01865 721205 350 Main Street, Malden Telex: 83355 MEDBOK G) MA 02148 5018, USA 54 University Street, Carlton USA and Canada Victoria 3053, Australia Iowa State University Press 10, rue Casimir Delavigne A Blackwell Science Company 75006 Paris, France 2121 S. State Avenue Ames, Iowa 50014-8300 Other Editorial Offices: (Orders: Tel: 800-862-6657 Fax: 515-292-3348 Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH Web: www.isupress.com Kurfürstendamm 57 email: [email protected]) 10707 Berlin, Germany Australia Blackwell Science KK Blackwell Science Pty Ltd MG Kodenmacho Building 54 University Street 7-10 Kodenmacho Nihombashi Carlton, Victoria 3053 Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan (Orders: Tel: 03 9347 0300 Fax: 03 9347 5001) Iowa State University Press A Blackwell Science Company A catalogue record for this title 2121 S. State Avenue is available from the British Library Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA ISBN 0-85238-283-9 The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Library of Congress Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Management and ecology of lake and reservoir All rights reserved. No part of fisheries/edited by I.G. Cowx. this publication may be reproduced, p. cm. stored in a retrieval system, or Proceedings of a meeting held in Hull, UK in April transmitted, in any form or by any 2000. means, electronic, mechanical, Includes bibliographical references (p. ). photocopying, recording or otherwise, ISBN 0-85238-283-9 except as permitted by the UK 1. Fishery management–Congresses. 2. Freshwater Copyright, Designs and Patents Act fishes–Ecology–Congresses. I. Cowx, I. G. (Ian G.) 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. SH328.M33 2001 333.95′6–dc21 2001043018 First published 2002 Set in Times and produced by For further information on Gray Publishing, Tunbridge Wells, Kent Fishing News Books, visit our website: Printed and bound in Great Britain by www.blacksci.co.uk/fnb/ MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall The Blackwell Science logo is a trade mark of Blackwell Science Ltd, registered at the United Kingdom Trade Marks Registry Contents Preface ix I Stock assessment for management purposes 1 Hydroacoustic fish stock assessment in lakes in England and Wales 3 S. Hughes and J. Hateley 2 The use of split-beam echosounder for fisheries assessment in reservoirs: necessity for validation 12 N. Cadic, P. Irz and C. Argillier 3 Estimation of the fish yield potential of lakes in north-east Germany 26 U. Brämick 4 Effects of area and location on pikeperch yields in Finnish lakes 34 J. Lappalainen and T. Malinen 5 Fish stock assessment of Lake Schulen, Flanders: a comparison between 1988 and 1999 46 I. Simoens, J. Breine, H. Verreycken and C. Belpaire 6 Ecology of European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, in two Austrian lakes in relation to fisheries management and lake productivity 58 J. Wanzenböck, H. Gassner, Y. Hassan, B. Lahnsteiner and G. Hauseder 7 Fisheries of Lake Victoria: an underwater perspective 70 R. Tumwebaze, A. Getabu, J. Bayona, D. MacLennan and I.G. Cowx 8 Analysis of exploitation patterns for Nile perch, Lates niloticus, in Lake Victoria 84 O.C. Mkumbo, C. Ezekiel, Y.L. Budeba and I.G. Cowx 9 Recent trends in the Lake Victoria fisheries assessed by ECOPATH 96 M.C. Villanueva and J. Moreau 10 Fish population structure and its relation to fisheries yield in small reservoirs in Côte d’Ivoire 112 L. Tito de Morais 11 Review of the fisheries in the Brazilian portion of the Paraná/Pantanal basin 123 M. Petrere Jr, Â.A. Agostinho, E.K. Okada and H.F. Júlio Jr 12 Fish and fisheries of Kaptai Reservoir, Bangladesh 144 G.C. Haldar, K.K. Ahmed, M. Alamgir, J.N. Akhter and M.K. Rahman vi Contents II Anthropogenic activities/rehabilitation and mitigation 13 Coexistence of introduced Perca fluviatilis and Coregonus lavaretus in Santa Croce Lake (Italy), and propositions for fishery management 161 R. Loro and A. Mamcarz 14 Compensatory responses of fish populations in a shallow eutrophic lake to heavy depredation pressure by cormorants and the implications for management 170 J.R. Britton, J.P. Harvey, I.G. Cowx, T. Holden, M.J. Feltham, B.R. Wilson and J.M. Davies 15 Restoration of Ormesby Broad through biomanipulation: ecological, technical and sociological issues 184 M.L. Tomlinson, M.R. Perrow, D. Hoare, J.-A. Pitt, S. Johnson, C. Wilson and D. Alborough 16 Impacts and subsequent control of an introduced predator: the case of pike, Esox lucius, in Chew Valley Lake 203 A. Ibbotson and C. Klee 17 The potential to control fish community structure using preference for different spawning substrates in a temperate reservoir 217 M. Zalewski and P. Frankiewicz 18 Fish ecology and conservation in Lake Banyoles (Spain): the neglected problem of exotic species 223 E. García-Berthou and R. Moreno-Amich 19 Conservation of the endangered whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, population of Haweswater, UK 232 I.J. Winfield, J.M. Fletcher and D.K. Winfield 20 Fish community and habitat changes in the artificially stocked fishery of Lake Naivasha, Kenya 242 P. Hickley and D. Harper 21 Is the invasion of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes Solms (Mart.), a blessing to Lake Victoria fisheries? 255 M. Njiru, A.N. Othina, A. Getabu, D. Tweddle and I.G. Cowx III Management 22 Managing the exploitation of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), populations in Newfoundland lakes 267 M.C. van Zyll de Jong, N.P. Lester, R.M. Korver, W. Norris and B.L. Wicks 23 Factors affecting the performance of stillwater coarse fisheries in England and Wales 284 R. North Contents vii 24 Management of fisheries in a large lake – for fish and fishermen 299 T. Vehanen, M. Marttunen, H. Tervo, P. Kylmälä and P. Hyvärinen 25 Fishery management practices in French lakes 312 C. Argillier, O. Pronier and T. Changeux 26 Fisheries and fisheries management on Lake Peipsi–Pihkva 322 T. Saat, V. Vaino, E. Afanasjev and N. Koncevaja 27 Role of non-exploited fishery resources in Sri Lankan reservoirs as a source of food for cage aquaculture 332 U.S. Amarasinghe, P.A.D. Ajith Kumara and M.H.S. Ariyaratne 28 Potential species for fishery enhancement in Lake Faé, Côte d’Ivoire 344 K.S. da Costa, K. Traore and W. Yte 29 Pelagic cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi/Nyasa: biology, management and conservation 353 G.F. Turner, R.L. Robinson, B.P. Ngatunga, P.W. Shaw and G.R. Carvalho 30 Unsustainable tendencies and the fisheries of Lake Victoria 367 K. Crean, R. Abila, C. Lwenya, R. Omwega, F. Omwenga, A. Atai, J. Gonga, A. Nyapendi, K. Odongkara, M. Medard, P. Onyango and K. Geheb 31 Principles and approaches to the management of lake and reservoir fisheries 376 I.G. Cowx Subject index 395 Species index 399 Preface During a meeting of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) in Portugal in June 1998, the need to understand fully the key issues regarding the management and ecology of lake and reservoir fisheries was recognised because of their importance to society in general. In view of this importance it was felt that current knowledge of the status and management of lake and reservoir fisheries warranted further discussion and dissemination. To this end, the International Fisheries Institute at the University of Hull, in co-operation with the EIFAC, organised a symposium and workshop on Management and Ecology of Lake and Reservoir Fisheries which took place in Hull, UK in April 2000. The objectives of the symposium were: to exchange knowledge among countries and to present, in reviews, an appraisal of • the status of lake and reservoir fisheries, assessment methodology, constraints on their development, issues and options regarding their management, and the bene- fits and problems associated with these activities; to identify constraints and gaps in our knowledge that affect the application of • fisheries management policy in temperate and tropical lake and reservoir fisheries; to recommend and promote action to improve the management of lake and reser- • voir fisheries; to provide guidelines for the policy formulation, planning methodology and eval- • uation of future activities. The main conclusions of the symposium and workshop are outlined below and in the selected chapters which make up these proceedings. It is hoped they will stimulate fisheries scientists, managers and academics to collaborate in further research to improve our understanding of lake and reservoir fisheries and promote further research and col- laboration to maintain and enhance these important resources worldwide. Stock assessment for management purposes It was recognised that lacustrine fisheries are formed in diverse types of habitats from small ponds to large lakes and reservoirs. Consequently, there is a need for an array of methods to provide adequate assessment of stocks in those habitats. These vary from environmental correlation methods, through sampling gears and romote methods (e.g. hydroacoustics) to catch assessment surveys (catch effort methods). It was recognised that there is no perfect sampling technique and a combination of methods is required to gain the desired precision in stock biomass. In this respect, there is a need to define the objectives of the assessment activity to ensure the appropriate precision in information x Preface is gained.