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Final Thesis-Aruho Cassisus MAKERERE UNIVERSITY OPTIMISING SPAWNING CONDITIONS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF LARVAE AND JUVENILES IN Barbus altianalis (BOULENGER, 1900) BY ARUHO CASSIUS BSC (Botany and Zoology), PGDE (Biology), MSc. (Zoology), PDPPM (Project management) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DIRECTORATE OF RESEARCH AND GRADUATE TRAINING FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 2018 ii iii DEDICATION My work is dedicated to my dear parents, Mr. and Mrs. Rubanju William, My dear Wife Judith Aruho and my children who have stood by me in all I have gone through. They have sacrificed all they could for my sake in terms of encouragement, love and financial contributions. They are my heroes, and I thank Almighty God for them and everything that I am. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply indebted to my supervisors; Prof. Rutaisire Justus and Prof. Fredrick Bugenyi for their effort they dedicated to my PhD project from its inception to its completion. Together with my PhD committee members including Dr. Gladys Bwanika Namuswe, Dr. John Barilwa and Dr. Owori, I am humbled by their academic counsel and support that has culminated into this beautiful scientific piece of work. I salute them and may the Almighty God reward you abundantly. My honest thanks go to the government of Uganda and the World Bank through “The Agricultural Technology and Agribusiness Advisory Services (ATAAS) project, implemented by National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) for their financial support I received that fulfilled my dream of attaining a PhD from Makerere University. I am humbled by the financial support I received from my colleague Dr. John Walakira. I acknowledge the support I received from National Fisheries Resource Research Institute (NaFIRRI), National Crop Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) and the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-security (COVABs) at Makerere University who provided me with laboratory facilities for my research work. I am also humbled by Mr. Sekyewa for providing his Ssenya fish farm to conduct my research. Special thanks go to Dr. Eric Sande, Dr. Ronald Semyalo, Dr. Jackson Effitri, Dr. Godfrey Kawoya Kubiriza all from the Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences; Mr. Magid Kiseka and Dr. Kato Drago of COVABS; Dr. Namanya Ephraim of NACRRI; Ms. Kimera Bridget, Ms. Ganda Egulance, Ms. Emalyn Kamusiime, Mr. Ddungu Richard, Dr. Victo Namulawa, Dr. v Mbabazi Dismas, Dr. Walakira, Dr. Mathew Mwanja, Dr. Rose Basiita and Mujib Mukambo all from Kajjansi Aquaculture Research and Development Center (ARDC), and Dr. Dickson Turyareeba of Makerere University Business School for their professional advice, guidance and support in this research. Heartfelt thanks go to my parents, Mr and Mrs Rubanju, my brothers, my dear wife Kemigisha Judith, my dear Sons Pedro, Leon, Eugene and My lovely daughter Mariella, for their encouragement, inspiration, motivation, care, love and financial support. Also notwithstanding the fact that my children missed me a lot when I was doing my PhD, I salute my children. I sincerely thank Jackline Oidu my sister in-law for supporting my family during the period when family resources were constrained by my study. Finally, I thank all people in their different capacities for every bit they have contributed to my study. May the good Lord bless you and reward you abundantly. vi LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS 1. Aruho, C., Ddungu, R., Nkalubo, C., Ondhoro, C.C., Bugenyi, F., & Rutaisire, J. (2018). Optimizing selection of sexually mature Barbus altianalis for induced spawning: determination of size at sexual maturity of populations from Lake Edward and Upper Victoria Nile in Uganda. Fisheries and aquatic sciences, 2018, 21: 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41240- 018-0110-3 2. Aruho, C., Mwanja, M. T., Bugenyi, F., & Rutaisire, J. (2017). Effectiveness of African catfish pituitary extracts, dagin and water flow for optimising eggproduction, fertilisation and hatchability in artificial spawning of Barbus altianalis. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17 (2), 183 - 195 3. Aruho, C., Namulawa, V., Kato, C. D, Kisekka, M., Bugenyi, F., & Rutaisire, J. (2017). Histo-morphological description of the digestive system of the Rippon Barbel Barbus altianals (Boulenger 1900): A potential species for culture. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17 (2), 197 – 217. 4. Aruho, C., Walakira, J. K., & Rutaisire, J. (2018). An overview of domestication potential of Barbus altianalis (Boulenger, 1900) in Uganda. Aquaculture reports, 11, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2018.05.001 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ..................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS ......................................................................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................... xvi ABBREVIATIONS (ACRONYMS) ..................................................................................................................................... xix ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................................... xx CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.0 General Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 General objective of the study ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Specific objectives of the study .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Research questions ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Significance of the study .............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.7 Justification of the study ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.8 Conceptual framework for increased seed production through increased survival of embryos, larvae and juveniles 7 1.9 Thesis organisation ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.9.1 Chapter One ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.9.2 Chapter Two (literature review-an overview of domestication potential of B. altianalis) ................................... 8 1.9.3 Chapter Three, Four and Five (covered objective 1 of the study) ......................................................................... 8 1.9.4 Chapter Six and Seven (covered objective 2 of the study) .................................................................................... 9 1.9.5 Chapter Eight (covering objective 3 of the study) ................................................................................................ 9 1.9.6 Chapter Nine ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 An overview of domestication potential of Barbus altianalis (Boulenger, 1900) in Uganda ......................................... 12 2.0 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 viii 2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................
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