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Captive Orcas
Captive Orcas ‘Dying to Entertain You’ The Full Story A report for Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) Chippenham, UK Produced by Vanessa Williams Contents Introduction Section 1 The showbiz orca Section 2 Life in the wild FINgerprinting techniques. Community living. Social behaviour. Intelligence. Communication. Orca studies in other parts of the world. Fact file. Latest news on northern/southern residents. Section 3 The world orca trade Capture sites and methods. Legislation. Holding areas [USA/Canada /Iceland/Japan]. Effects of capture upon remaining animals. Potential future capture sites. Transport from the wild. Transport from tank to tank. “Orca laundering”. Breeding loan. Special deals. Section 4 Life in the tank Standards and regulations for captive display [USA/Canada/UK/Japan]. Conditions in captivity: Pool size. Pool design and water quality. Feeding. Acoustics and ambient noise. Social composition and companionship. Solitary confinement. Health of captive orcas: Survival rates and longevity. Causes of death. Stress. Aggressive behaviour towards other orcas. Aggression towards trainers. Section 5 Marine park myths Education. Conservation. Captive breeding. Research. Section 6 The display industry makes a killing Marketing the image. Lobbying. Dubious bedfellows. Drive fisheries. Over-capturing. Section 7 The times they are a-changing The future of marine parks. Changing climate of public opinion. Ethics. Alternatives to display. Whale watching. Cetacean-free facilities. Future of current captives. Release programmes. Section 8 Conclusions and recommendations Appendix: Location of current captives, and details of wild-caught orcas References The information contained in this report is believed to be correct at the time of last publication: 30th April 2001. Some information is inevitably date-sensitive: please notify the author with any comments or updated information. -
Town of Orangeville
• 2 Community Consultation Summary Deborah Bonk, President & CEO, Vaughan Chamber of Commerce Extensive community consultation has been undertaken with the • residents and business community in the City of Vaughan, through Eddy Burrello, Deloitte • the Vaughan 20/20 process, which included the Vaughan Ernie Longo, CN Employment Sectors Strategy (ESS). Overall, the ESS process • Gil Small, Vaughan Mills included six consultation sessions with participation from 94 • Jason Racco, Rentex Realty individuals. That input through the ESS, played a major role in the • Jim Hobbs, previously working for York Region, exporting. development of the Economic Development Strategy. • Joan Sax, Opera York, Vaughan Arts Advisory Committee • John Porco, Unico Foods The Economic Development Strategy attempted to place another • Lou Valeriati, Jeld Wen Windows and Doors layer of public consultation on the strategic planning process, in • Lucky, Astra Sportsplex order to provide the project team with an understanding of the • Mark Falbo, Mircom Technologies perspectives of the local business community leaders, and the area's • Mark Jones, Vaughan Holiday Inn Express economic development issues. As part of this, initial targeted • Noor Din, Human Endeavours consultation took place with members of the Vaughan Tourism • Peter Ross, McMichael Canadian Art Collection Advisory Committee through a short focus group run by the project • Rick Galbraith, The Global Group team. From that, a targeted approach based on wider industry sector • Rob Bourke, Atria Networks involvement was undertaken. • Sam Florio, Cara • Steven DelDuca, Carpenters Union, Central Ontario The project team conducted a series of telephone interviews with key • Walter Buzzeli, Sanyo Canada stakeholders based on a broad initial consultation list consisting of approximately 100 potential interviewees, representing businesses The following provides a summary of the responses received. -
Vaughan Facility the SPACE Imagine Having Cocktails with a 20-Ft Reticulated Python & a 1,100 Lb Nile Crocodile
EVENT SPACE RENTAL Vaughan Facility THE SPACE Imagine having cocktails with a 20-ft reticulated python & a 1,100 lb Nile crocodile... There’s no better way to liven up a special event than to include some of the world’s most amazing reptiles on your guest list! A versatile 25,000-sq ft facility - the heart of which is an impressive reptile zoo - is equipped to hold a variety private and corporate functions, while providing a touch of the exotic to make your event wildly exciting! Direct Booking Line: 905-303-2516 Booking email: [email protected] .org 2 THE ZOO Vaughan’s Reptilia Zoo is a state of the art facility with over 50 large exhibits that showcase hundreds of different reptiles and amphibians. Our naturalistic exhibits are care- fully designed to mimic our animals’ natural habitats. They draw you and your guests into the reptilia world, and offer unique photo opportunities. Take your guests around the world! • Dive underwater to see our green anacondas in the Amazon River • Travel to a remote Pacific island and hang out in the trees with a family of monkey tailed skinks • Hang out in the swampy bayous with our American alligators Direct Booking Line: 905-303-2516 Booking email: [email protected] .org 3 FORMAL EVENTS “Remember that time we had dinner with an Egyptian cobra?” Throw your guests a party they’ll still be talking about months after your event! From corporate gatherings to cocktail parties, Reptilia provides a one-of-a- kind event space that combines a quiet ambience with the thrill of being inches away from venomous snakes, giant tortoises, and swimming crocodilians! Let us set up your event for you! We provide a variety of services to make your event as smooth and stress- free as possible. -
Official Attractions Ontario Reciprocal Admissions Reciprocal Program
2019 ATTRACTIONS ONTARIO RECIPROCAL ADMISSIONS PROGRAM JUNE 1, 2019 - MAY 31, 2020 The 2019 - 2020 Reciprocal Program is valid for all participating members from June 1, 2019 - May 31, 2020. VALID ID is required from all participants. Review Offer listed carefully by the attraction. Unless otherwise specified, "guest" means 1 Guest only. The Attractions Ontario Reciprocal Admissions Program is open to Attractions Ontario reciprocating members as well as non-reciprocating partners -Attractions Ontario Employees, Board of Directors & Volunteers, Brockville & 1000 Islands Tourism, Ontario Tourism 1-800-ONTARIO Call Centre Employees, Destination Ontario, Explore Waterloo Region, Ontario Travel Information Centre Staff (from the 18 official Ministry of Tourism Travel Centres), Ottawa Tourism, Tourism Brantford, South Georgian Bay Tourism, Tourism Burlington, Tourism Industry Association of Ontario, Tourism London, Tourism Minister's Office Staff and Tourism Sault Ste. Marie. Please note: some attractions' names differ from their common names, refer to name in parentheses as this may appear on their ID i.e CN Tower (Canada Lands Company). Please check the list carefully. Proper forms of identification include: Valid employee ID card with or without photo may need to provide a secondary proof such as a Driver’s License, Security Card, Current 2019 - 2020 Pay Stub, Business Card, Name Tag (specifically for Toronto Harbour Tours) or Letter from employer properly dated for the 2019 - 2020 season (on company letterhead including name of employee and signature). Distribution of Program: You can print a copy of the listings for your staff or post it visibly somewhere for easy access or review, post it in a password secure internal site however, POSTING it ONLINE for public access is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. -
Killer Whale (Aka Orca) Orcinus Orca
PGAV Zoo Design SDT Animal of the Month Killer Whale (aka Orca) Orcinus orca 1. Animal Type: Mammal 2. Conservation Status: Endangered (Southern resident population only—Others: Status unknown) a. Range/Habitat i. From the open sea to coasts, from equator to polar areas. ii. The most distributed of all cetaceans, it occurs in all oceans and seas. 3. Size a. Male: 10 tons and 19’ long b. Female: 7.5 tons and 16’ long c. At birth: 6 ½ feet to 8 feet 4. Social Structure a. Killer whales are a social species living in pods of 3-25 b. Killer whales use their calls to coordinate hunting behavior and to maintain contact with other members of their pod. Clicks are used by all toothed whales for echolocation, and they may also be used to communicate. i. With orcas, several resident pods may join to form a community. Each pod has a unique dialect, similar to other pods in its community. It is quite different from the dialects of other pods with which they are not in contact. ii. Studies of the orca show the subtlety and variety of whale language. They use discrete calls – distinct sounds separated into characteristic types that can be heard 5 miles away. Those in the northwest use between 7-17 calls each. They make different noises when playing or socializing. 5. Reproduction a. Gestation period is thought to be 12-16 months, with most calves born between October and March. b. Orcas have long childhoods, reaching maturity about 15 years old. c. A female can produce as many as 5 calves over a 25 year period. -
While Rome Burns…A Report Into Conditions in the Zoos of Ontario
While Rome Burns … A Report into Conditions in the Zoos of Ontario Prepared by: Samantha Lindley, BVSc, MRCVS September 1998 Published by: Zoocheck Canada Inc. 2646 St. Clair Avenue East Toronto, Ontario M4B 3M1 (Canada) Ph (416) 285-1744 Fax (416) 285-4670 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.zoocheck.com World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) Canada 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Ste. 960 Toronto, Ontario M4P 1Y3(Canada) Ph (416) 369-0044 Fax (416) 369-0147 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.wspa.ca While Rome Burns…A Report into Conditions in the Zoos of Ontario Table of Contents Foreword …………………………………………………………………………. i About the Author ………………………………………………………………… iii While Rome Burns . Introduction ……………………..……..……………….. 1 Zoos in Ontario: A Discussion ………………………………………………….. 3 The “Ideal” Zoo? ………………………………………………………………… 3 Get-aways ……………………………………………………………………….. 3 Safety and Security ……………………………………………………………… 3 Education ………………………………………………………………………… 4 Behaviour ………………………………………………………………………… 5 Stereotypic Behaviour ……………………………………………………………. 5 Stereotypic Behaviour vs. Displacement Behaviour …………………………….. 6 The Conservation Argument …………………………………………………….. 7 The Welfare Issue ……………………………………………………………….. 8 Zoos in Ontario Bergeron’s Exotic Animal Sanctuary …………………………………………… 11 Greenview Aviaries, Park and Zoo ……………………………………………… 15 The Killman Zoo ………………………………………………………………… 19 Lazy Acre Farm …………………………………………………………………. 25 Marineland of Canada …………………………………………………………… 29 Northwoods Buffalo and Exotic Animal Ranch ………………………………… 35 Pineridge -
Stopping the Use, Sale and Trade of Whales and Dolphins in Canada How Protection Is Consistent with WTO Obligations
Stopping the use, sale and trade of whales and dolphins in Canada How protection is consistent with WTO obligations Prepared by Leesteffy Jenkins, Attorney at Law 219 West Main St., P.O. Box 634 Hillsborough, NH 03244-0634 Phone (603) 464-4395 For ZOOCHECK CANADA INC. 3266 Yonge Street, Suite 1417 Toronto, Ontario M4N 3P6 (416) 285-1744 (p) (416) 285-4670 (f ) [email protected] www.zoocheck.com This legal analysis was commissioned by Zoocheck Canada as part of a research initiative looking into how trade laws impact the trade and use of whales and dolphins in Canada, and to educate the public about the same. Page 1 April 25, 2003 QUESTION PRESENTED Whether a Canadian ban on the import and export of live cetaceans, wild-caught, captive born or those caught earlier in the wild and now considered captive, would violate Canada's obligations pursuant to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements. CONCLUSION It is my understanding that there is currently no specific Canadian legislation banning the import/export of live cetaceans. Based on the facts* presented to me, however, it is my opinion that such legislation could be enacted consistent with WTO rules. This memorandum attempts to outline both the conditions under which Canadian regulation of trade in live cetaceans may be consistent with the WTO Agreements, as well as provide some guidance in the crafting of future legislation. PEER REVIEW & COMMENTS Chris Wold, Steve Shrybman, Esq Clinical Professor of Law and Director Sack, Goldblatt, Mitchell International Environmental Law Project 20 Dundas Street West, Ste 1130 Northwestern School of Law Toronto, Ontario M5G 2G8 Lewis and Clark College Tel.: (416) 979-2235 10015 SW Terwilliger Blvd Email: [email protected] Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. -
Recommendations for the Care and Maintenance of Marine Mammals © Canadian Council on Animal Care, 2014
Recommendations for the care and maintenance of marine mammals © Canadian Council on Animal Care, 2014 ISBN: 978-0-919087-57-6 Canadian Council on Animal Care 190 O’Connor St., Suite 800 Ottawa ON K2P 2R3 http://www.ccac.ca Acknowledgements The development of the Recommendations for the care and maintenance of marine mammals was com- missioned to the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). To complete this task, the CCAC Standards Committee created the ad hoc subcommittee on marine mammals. We acknowledge and thank all the members of the subcommittee who worked together to develop, review, and guide this document through to publication: Dr. Pierre-Yves Daoust, University of Prince Edward Island Mr. John Ford, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Mr. Henrik Kreiberg, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Dr. Clément Lanthier, Calgary Zoo Dr. Kay Mehren, Veterinarian Emeritus, Toronto Zoo Ms. Tracy Stewart, Marineland of Canada Mr. Clint Wright, Vancouver Aquarium Dr. Gilly Griffin, Canadian Council on Animal Care We would also like to take this opportunity to recognize the dedication and vision of Dr. Jon Lien (Memo- rial University, deceased 2010), the Committee’s first Chair. Jon played a pivotal role in the creation of this document. It was the Lien Report: A review of live- capture and captivity of marine mammals in Canada that inspired DFO to request that CCAC develop recommendations for the care and maintenance of marine mammals. His vision became a collective goal - to improve the quality of life for all marine mammals held in captivity. -
A Summary of the Effects of Captivity on Orcas
A Summary of the Effects of Captivity on Orcas PEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS Contents The Eff ects of Captivity on Tilikum and Orcas Generally at SeaWorld…………..................................…………......3 I. Orcas Are Extremely Intelligent Mammals Whose Brains Are Highly Developed in Areas Responsible for Complex Cognitive Functions, Including Self-Awareness, Social Cognition, Culture, and Language …………………………………………...............................................................................................…...4 II. Tilikum Is Deprived of Every Facet of His Culture and the Opportunity to Engage in Natural Behavior, Causing Extreme Stress and Suff ering….…………….….......................................................5 A. The Tanks at SeaWorld Provide Inadequate Space and Result in Stress……….…...........................5 B. SeaWorld’s Constant Manipulation of Tilikum’s Social Structure Results in Stress.................7 C. The Tanks at SeaWorld Create a Distressing Acoustic Environment…….………..….........................9 III. The Stressors of the Captive Environment at SeaWorld Result in Aggressiveness, Self- Injury, and Other Physical and Behavioral Abnormalities………………….……..............................................10 A. Aggression Between Orcas and Between Orcas and Humans……..……………..............................……10 B. Stereotypic Behavior………………….……………………………………….......................................................................….…..13 1. Painful Dental Problems Caused by Chewing Metal Gates and Concrete Tanks.....14 2. -
22629 Application
Project Information File Number #22629 *Project Title Health-related Research on beluga whales conducted at Mystic Aquarium to contribute knowledge and inform management and recovery of wild beluga populations, including the ESA-endangered Cook Inlet and MMPA-depleted Sakhalin Bay-Nikolaya Bay-Amur River beluga populations. *Project Status New Previous Federal or State Permit # NMFS Parts Permit #21966 (Issued 3/30/2018) Scientific Research/Enhancement Permit #42-1642 (Expired 10/15/2007) Scientific Research/Enhancement Permit #42-1908 (Expired 1/31/2014) *Permits Requested MMPA Research permit *Where Will the Activities Occur? Transport of animals will occur from Marineland, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada to Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT USA. Research activities will occur at Mystic Aquarium, 55 Coogan Boulevard, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. Mystic Aquarium has a formal partnership agreement with Georgia Aquarium that includes research, animal exchanges, education and PR initiatives (See Appendix 1 Georgia_Mystic_Partnership). If deemed in the best interest of an individual beluga or the US beluga population for social, health, or welfare reasons, animals may be moved to Georgia Aquarium (Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA USA) which has agreed to participate in the described research studies and sample collections that can be conducted as part of the routine health monitoring of the belugas housed at the aquarium. Georgia Aquarium is an accredited facility with experience in the care of belugas. *Research Timeframe The requested duration of the permit is for a 5-year period: January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2025. *Sampling Season/Project Duration Import is proposed to occur in January 2020. -
Lindsey and Fu, 2005
Russian Journal of Herpetology Vol. 12, No. 2, 2005, pp. 103 – 106 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS TESTING THE USE OF VISUAL CUES OF A MONOCULAR PREDATOR, THE VEILED CHAMELEON (Chamaeleo calyptratus) DURING PREY SELECTION Benjamin W. Lindsey1 and Jinzhong Fu1 Keywords: Chameleons, Chamaeleo, visual cues, Prey selection. During foraging, animals often feed selectively and The objective of this study is to determine if chame- choose to pursue or ignore a prey item based on a spe- leons discriminate between prey items that differ in cific set of pre-determined criteria (Shine and Sun, movement and size during prey choice behavior. We 2003). Lizards are no exception to this rule, and at pres- conducted three separate prey choice experiments on ent continue to gain popularity for their use as model or- veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) to test the ganisms in ecological studies (Shafir and Roughgarden, influence of these visual cues. The first experiment 1998). Although chemoreception has been implicated in tested the effect of prey mobility, while the second ex- some species (Cooper, 2000; Kaufman et al., 1996), well periment tested the effect of prey size. The third experi- developed visual systems remain essential for accurate ment tested the capacity of chameleons to undergo prey recognition during foraging (Janzen et al., 1995). prey-switching based on these visual cues, once already Attempts to isolate which discriminatory cues are corre- engaged in fixation on an initial prey target. We hypoth- lated with prey selection are restricted to only a few re- esized that prey mobility and size are two visual cues cent studies (Kaufman et al., 1996; Diaz and Carrascal, used by chameleons during prey selection and that mo- 1993). -
AWI Comments on Permit Application
October 29, 2012 BY ELECTRONIC MAIL Submitted via http://www.regulations.gov NOAA-NMFS-2012-0158 Michael Payne, Chief National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA Conservation and Education Division Office of Protected Resources 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 Dear Mr. Payne: RE: 77 FR 52694, File No. 17324 Proposed Import of Beluga Whales from Russia I am writing on behalf of the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) to strongly oppose the request by Georgia Aquarium Inc. (GAI) for a public display permit to authorize the import of 18 wild-captured beluga whales from the Russian Federation to the United States pursuant to the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA; 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of marine mammals (50 CFR 216). AWI supports the arguments against the import submitted by other NGOS including The Humane Society of the United States, and Whale and Dolphin Conservation and endorses the statement signed by 60 international organizations. This letter provides several reasons why AWI believes GAI’s request does not conform to the issuance conditions of 50 CFR 216.34. Specifically, we will focus on the fact that GAI cannot adequately demonstrate any of the following three points: · The proposed transport methods, which include a complicated transfer between containers and planes in Belgium, are humane and do not present unnecessary risks to the health and welfare of the belugas (50 CFR 216.34 (a) (1)); · Its qualifications, facilities, and resources are adequate for the proper care and maintenance of the live belugas being transported (50 CFR 216.34 (a) (6)); and · The removal of the belugas from the wild will not likely have a significant adverse impact on the species or stock (50 CFR 216.34 (a) (4)).