Chapter 1a - Hebrew Alphabet twenty-three consonants

Letter Name Pronunciation Transliteration

> Alef silent א Bet b as in boy b ב Gimel g as in God g ג Dalet d as in day d ד He h as in hay h ה Waw w as in way w ו Zayin z as in Zion z ז ˙ Óet ch as in Bach ח † Tet t as in toy ט Yod y as in yes y י Kaf k as in king k כ Lamed l as in lion l ל Mem m as in mother m מ Nun n as in now n נ Samek s as in sin s ס < Ayin silent ע Pe p as in pastor p פ Tsade ts as in boots ß צ Qof k as in king q ק Resh r as in run r ר שׂ Sin s as in sin ∞ שׁ Shin sh as in ship ¡ Taw t as in toy t ת Chapter 1b - Hebrew Alphabet five final forms

Five Hebrew letters have “final” forms. When one of these letters occurs at the end of a word, it is written differently than when it appears at the beginning or in the middle of a word. The changing of a letter’s form, however, does not change its pronunciation or transliteration.

Regular Final Example Translit. Translation Form Form drk road, way דרךךכ m nation, people< עםםמ zqn old man, elder זקןןנ ksp money, silver כסףףפ rß earth, land> ארץץצ

Basics of Biblical Hebrew א Chapter 1c - Hebrew Alphabet six begadkephat consonants

Six consonants have two possible pronunciations and are known as begadkephat consonants. To distinguish between the two pronunciations, a dot called Daghesh Lene was inserted into the consonant. The presence of Daghesh Lene indicates a hard pronunciation and its absence denotes a soft pronunciation.

Begadkephat Pronunciation Transliteration Letter בּ b as in boy b ∫ v as in vine ב גּ g as in God g © gh as in aghast ג דּ d as in day d dh as in the ƒ ד כּ k as in king k ¬ ch as in Bach כ פּ p as in pastor p ph as in alphabet º פ תּ t as in toy t ® th as in thin ת Basics of Biblical Hebrew א Chapter 1d - Hebrew Alphabet easily confused letters

Hebrew consonants that look alike (Kaf) כ (Bet) ב .1 (Nun) נ (Gimel) ג .2 (Taw) ת (Óet) ח (He) ה .3 4. שׂ (Sin) שׁ (Shin) (Samek) ס (final Mem) ם .5 (Resh) ר (Dalet) ד .6 (Ayin) ע (Tsade) צ .7 (Zayin) ז (Waw) ו .8 (final Nun) ן (Waw) ו .9 (final Nun) ן (final Kaf) ך .10

Hebrew consonants that sound alike (Taw with Daghesh Lene) תּ (Tet) ט .1 (Kaf with Daghesh Lene) כּ (Qof) ק .2 (Sin) שׂ (Samek) ס .3

Basics of Biblical Hebrew א Chapter 1e - Hebrew Alphabet modern pronunciation

The pronunciation of modern Hebrew differs in a number of ways from ancient pronunciation. With the three begadkephat consonants listed below, the forms without Daghesh Lene are pronounced like the forms with Daghesh Lene in modern Hebrew.

Traditional Modern Consonant Pronunciation Pronunciation gh as in aghast g as in God ג dh as in the d as in day ד th as in thin t as in toy ת w as in way v as in vine ו

Basics of Biblical Hebrew א Chapter 2a - Hebrew Vowels vowels with consonants

Deuteronomy 6:5

no vowel pointing

ואהבת את יהוה אלהיך בכל לבבך

וְאָהַבְ ָּת אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ

with vowel pointing

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2b - Hebrew Vowels short vowels

2.3 Vowel Chart 1: Short Vowels.

Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration

Pathach a as in bat a בַּ a-type Seghol e as in better e בֶּ e-type Hireq i as in bitter i בִּ i-type Qamets Hatuf o as in bottle o בָּ o-type Qibbuts u as in ruler u בֻּ u-type

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2c - Hebrew Vowels changable long vowels

2.4 Vowel Chart 2: Changeable Long Vowels

Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration

Qamets a as in father å בָּ a-type ∑ Tsere e as in they בֵּ e-type Holem o as in role ø בֹּ o-type

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2d - Hebrew Vowels unchangable long vowels

2.5 Vowel Chart 3: Unchangeable Long Vowels

Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration

Qamets Yod ou as in bought â בָּי a-type Tsere Yod e as in they ê בֵּי e-type Seghol Yod e as in better ê בֶּי Hireq Yod i as in machine ª בִּי i-type Holem Waw o as in role ô בּוֹ o-type Shureq u as in ruler û בּוּ u-type

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2e - Hebrew Vowels reduced (hateph) vowels

2.6 Vowel Chart 4: Reduced (Hateph) Vowels

Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration

Hateph Pathach a as in amuse á בֲּ a-type Hateph Seghol a as in amuse é בֱּ e-type Hateph Qamets a as in amuse ó בֳּ o-type

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2f - Hebrew Vowels summary vowel chart

aeiou

בֻּ בָּ בִּ בֶּ בַּ Short Pathach Seghol Hireq Qamets Qibbuts Hatuf

בֹּ בֵּ בָּ Changeable Long Qamets Tsere Holem

בּוּ בּוֹ בִּי בֶּי/בֵּי בָּי Unchangeable Long Qamets Tsere Yod/ Hireq Holem Shureq Yod Seghol Yod Yod Waw

בֳּ בֱּ בֲּ Reduced Hateph Hateph Hateph Pathach Seghol Qamets

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2g - Hebrew Vowels shewa

בְּ

This vowel symbol is called Shewa. It is not listed in the vowel charts because it is not like any other vowel. It does not belong to any phonetic class. There are two types of Shewa in Hebrew: Silent Shewa and Vocal Shewa.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2h - Hebrew Vowels daghesh forte

בּ

This pointing symbol is called Daghesh Forte. It looks exactly like the Daghesh Lene but it is used to double the consonant in which it occurs. For example, the the heavens) has a Daghesh Forte in) הַשָּׁמַיִם Hebrew word It should be rendered, therefore, with two .(שּׁ) the Shin Shins (שׁשׁ), ha¡¡åmayim. The Daghesh Forte can occur in .ר and (ח ,ה ,ע ,א) any consonant except the gutturals

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2i - Hebrew Vowels defective writing

Full Defective Writing Writing

Holem Waw to Holem בֹּ ➣ בּוֹ ram’s horn שֹׁפָר ➣ שׁוֹפָר Example

Shureq to Qibbuts בֻּ ➣ בּוּ ?why מַדֻּעַ ➣ מַדּוּעַ Example

Hireq Yod to Hireq בִּ ➣ ִבּי David דָּוִד ➣ דָּוִיד Example

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 3a - Syllabification two rules

1. Every syllable must begin with one consonant and have only one vowel. The following example has two syllables, each beginning with a consonant and each having only one vowel. då-∫år דָּ|בָר ➣ דָּבָר

2. There are only two types of syllables: open and closed. Open syllables end with a vowel and closed syllables end with a consonant. In då), is open because) דָּ ,the above example år), is closed∫) בָר it ends in a vowel and because it ends in a consonant. דָּ|בָר

Closed Open Syllable Syllable

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 3b - Syllabification hebrew accent

Most Hebrew words are accented or stressed on the last syllable. Some are not. The stress in words not accented on the last syllable will be indicated by an accent mark over the stressed syllable as in the following example.

סֵ.פֶר

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 3c - Syllabification syllable classification

syllables may be classified according to their proximity to the accent ְדּ|בָ|ִרים

tonic pretonic propretonic

syllables may be classified without reference to accent ְדּ|בָ|ִרים

ultima penultima antepenultima

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 4a - Hebrew Nouns inflectional endings

4.2 Endings on Masculine and Feminine Nouns.

Masculine Feminine law תּוָֹרה horse סוּס Singular laws תּוֹרוֹת horses ִסוּסים Plural two laws תּוָֹרתַ.יִם two horses סוּסַ.יִם Dual

4.4 Summary of Noun Endings.

Masculine Feminine בֶת/בַת/ ָבה Singular endingless וֹת ִבים Plural בַ.יִם /רָתַ.יִם בַ.יִם Dual

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 4b- Hebrew Nouns exceptions to rules

1. Endingless Feminine Nouns. Not all endingless nouns are masculine singular. In a few instances, feminine עִיר ,(land) אֶ.ֶרץ singular nouns are also endingless as in .(stone) אֶ.בֶן city) and)

2. Exception to Normal Pluralization. Some singular nouns of one gender take the plural endings of the other אָב gender. For example, the masculine singular noun .אָבוֹת as in וֹת father) takes the feminine plural ending)

3. Special Dual Nouns. There are three special Hebrew words that are always dual in form but normally singular (Egypt) מִצְַר.יִם ,(heaven, heavens) שָׁמַ.יִם :in translation .(water) מַ.יִם and

4. Irregular Stem Change. Some Hebrew nouns will alter their actual (consonantal) stem when they add their day) is) יוֹם plural endings. For example, the plural of men) and) אֲנָשִׁים man) is) אִישׁ days), the plural of) יָמִים .(women) נָשִׁים woman) is) אִשָּׁה the plural of Occasionally, the feminine .וֹת Defective Spelling of .5 with Holem rather) ֹ ת will be spelled וֹת plural ending עֵדָה than Holem Waw). For example, the plural of The .עֵֹדת or עֵדוֹת congregation) may appear either as) shorter spelling is called “defective spelling” and the longer spelling is called “full spelling.”

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 4c - Hebrew Nouns patterns of noun pluralization

1. Pluralization with No Change songs שִׁיִרים ➣ song שִׁיר dreams חֲלוֹמוֹת ➣ dream חֲלוֹם 2. Pluralization with Propretonic Reduction words דְּבִָרים ➣ word דָּבָר clouds עֲנָנִים ➣ cloud עָנָן 3. Pluralization of Segholate Nouns kings מְלָכִים ➣ king ֶמ.לְֶך books סְפִָרים ➣ book ֵס.פֶר 4. Pluralization of Geminate Nouns peoples עַ ִּמים ➣ people עַם חֻקִּים ➣ statute חֹק 5. Irregular Pluralization sons בָּנִים ➣ son בֵּן men אֲנָ ִשׁים ➣ man אִישׁ

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5a - Introduction chapter summary

1. DEFINITE ARTICLE

הַבּ Basic form Translation “the”

2. CONJUNCTION WAW

וְ Basic form Translation “and”

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5b - Introduction distributional significance

Total Verses 23,213 Total Words 471,096

Article 24,058

5.1% 1.04 per verse

Conjunction 50,524

10.7% 2.2 per verse

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5c - Definite Article basic form

In Hebrew, a noun is made definite plus a הַ by prefixing the definite article which consists of Daghesh Forte in the first consonant of the noun.

הַ ּב+ .מֶלְֶך = הַ .מֶּלְֶך

Definite Article הַ ֶּ.מ ֶלְך

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5d - Definite Article basic form: top 10 examples

מֶ.לְֶך .1 יוֹם .2 שָׁ ַמ.יִם .3 נָבִיא .4 מִזְבֵּחַ .5 יָם .6 ֹקֶדשׁ .7 מָקוֹם .8 שֶָׂדה .9 ַמ.יִם .10

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5e - Definite Article with begadkephat consonants

When adding the definite article to words with an initial begadkephat consonant, the Daghesh Lene is replaced by a Daghesh Forte.

Indefinite Noun Definite Noun the house הַ ַבּ.יִת ➣ a house בַּ.יִת the road הַדֶּ.ֶרְך ➣ a road ֶדּ.ֶרְך the warrior הַגִּבּוֹר ➣ a warrior גִּבּוֹר

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5f - Definite Article with guttural consonants

Compensatory Lengthening the guttural rejects the Dagesh ,ע and ר ,א With initial Forte and Pathach lengthens to Qamets. the man הָאִישׁ ➣ a man אִישׁ

Virtual Doubling the guttural rejects the Daghesh Forte ,ח or ה With initial but the Pathach does not lengthen to Qamets. the palace הַהֵיכָל ➣ a palace הֵיכָל

Irregular Seghol may also be accented), the definite article חָ) חָ or הָ ,עָ Before unnaccented appears with the Seghol vowel and without the Daghesh Forte. the wise man הֶחָכָם ➣ a wise man חָכָם

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5g - Definite Article מְ and יְ with initial

usually give up מְ or יְ Words that begin with the Daghesh Forte that is associated with the definite article.

the boys הַיְלִָדים ➣ boys יְלִָדים the spies הַמְַרגְּלִים ➣ spies מְַרגְּלִים

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5h - Definite Article alternate forms: top examples

יְ/מְ ה/חא/ע/ר בּגּדּכּפּתּ

יְלִָדים חוֹמָהעִירכֹּהֵן .1

יְתִָרים חַטָּאתאִישׁדָּבָר .2

מְַרגְּלִיםחֵלֶבאֱֹלהִיםבַּ.יִת .3

מְשְָׁרתִיםהֵיכָלעֵדָה גּוֹי .4

מְבְַקשִׁיםהַר ֹראשׁ כֶּ<סֶף .5 חָצֵרעָנָן הָמוֹן עָפָר

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 5i - Definite Article summary of forms

הַ ֶּ.מ ֶלְך הַבּ Basic Form הַ ַבּ.יִת הַבּ Begadkephat

הָאִישׁ הָ א/ע/ר Gutturals הַהֵיכָל הַ ה/ח Gutturals הֶעָנָן הֶ הָ/חָ/עָ Gutturals

הַיְלִָדים הַ יְ/מְ Miscellaneous

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א וְ Chapter 5j - Conjunction basic form

Before most consonants וְ the conjunction will appear as –Waw with Vocal Shewa– and a servant וְעֶ.בֶד and a woman וְאִשָּׁה and the woman וְהָאִשָּׁה and a man וְאִישׁ and the man וְהָאִישׁ

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א וְ Chapter 5k - Conjunction basic form: top 10 examples

אִישׁ .1 שֵׁם .2 יִשְָׂראֵל .3 יֶ<תֶר .4 אַהֲרוֹן .5 יַ<יִן .6 זָהָב .7 אִישָׁה .8 כֹּל .9 כָּבוֹד .10

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א וְ Chapter 5l - Conjunction spelled with shureq

it is spelled with Shureq פ or מ ,ב Before and a king וּ ֶמ.לְֶך ➣ וְ + מֶ.לְֶך and Pharaoh וּפְַרעֹה ➣ וְ + פְַּרעֹה

Before Vocal Shewa it is spelled with Shureq and books וּסְפִָרים ➣ וְ + סְפִָרים and Samuel וּשְׁמוּאֵל ➣ וְ + שְׁמוּאֵל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א וְ Chapter 5m - Conjunction with short vowels and qamets

Before Hateph vowels it is spelled with the corresponding short vowel and men וַאֲנָשִׁים ➣ וְ + אֲנָשִׁים and truth וֶאֱמֶת ➣ וְ + אֱמֶת

Before some monosyllabic words or words with initial accent it may be spelled with Qamets and sheep וָצֹאן ➣ וְ + צֹאן and bread וָלֶ.חֶם ➣ וְ + לֶ.חֶם

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א וְ Chapter 5n - Conjunction alternate forms: examples

/Vocal Shewa Hateph Vowels Monosyllabic ב/מ/פ Initial Accent

יְלִָדים אֲנָשִׁיםשְׁאַרבֵּית .1

יְתִָרים עֲבִָדים כְּלֵיבָּנוֹת .2

מְַרגְּלִיםאֲבוֹת ְדּבָשׁמֶ.לְֶך .3

מְשְָׁרתִיםאֱוִילִיםשְׁלָמִיםמִשְׁפָּט .4

מְבְַקשִׁיםאֱמֶתלְבָבפִּי .5

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א וְ Chapter 5o - Conjunction summary of forms

וְהָאִישׁ וְ Basic Form

וּ ֶמ.לְֶך וּ ב/מ/פ Before וּסְפִָרים וּ Before Vocal Shewa

וַאֲנָשִׁים וַ/וֶ Before Hateph Vowels וָצֹאן וָ Before Monosyllabic Initinal Accent

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 6a - Prepositions three types

Independent Prepositions These prepositions stand alone. before the king לִפְנֵי הַ ֶמּ.לְֶך under the tree תּ.ַחַת הָעֵץ

Maqqef Prepositions These prepositions are joined to their objects by Maqqef. to the temple אֶל–הַהֵיכָל from the land מִן–הָ ָא.ֶרץ

Inseparable Prepositions These prepositions are prefixed directly to their objects. in a field בְּשֶָׂדה like a king כְּמֶ.לְֶך

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 6b - Prepositions three inseparable prepositions

(in, by, with (15,559 בְּ (to, for (20,320 לְ (like, as, according to (3,053 כְּ

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 6c - Prepositions spelling inseparable prepositions

Before most consonants: Shewa in a field בְּשֶָׂדה for a young man לְנַ<עַר

Before Hateph vowels: corresponding short vowel like men כַּאֲנָשִׁים in truth בֶּאֱמֶת

Before consonants with Vocal Shewa: Hireq for prophets לִנְבִיאִים for a covenant לִבְִרית

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 6d - Prepositions inseparable prepositions with the definite article

The vowel and Daghesh Forte of the definite article is retained but the consonant of the preposition replaces the .of the definite article ה

in the field בַּ ָּשׂ ֶדה ➣ the field הַ ָּשׂ ֶדה like the king כַּ ֶּ.מ ֶלְך ➣ the king הַ ֶּ.מ ֶלְך in the fire בָּ ֵאשׁ ➣ the fire הָאֵשׁ

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 6e - Prepositions מִן the preposition occurs both as a Maqqef preposition מִן The preposition and as an inseparable preposition.

Maqqef Preposition from a king מִן–מֶ.לְֶך

Inseparable Preposition

(נ assimilated) מִ ּ.ֶמ ֶלְך ➣ מִן–מֶ.לְֶך

(נ assimilated) מִבַּ.יִת ➣ מִן–בַּ.יִת

(compensatory lengthening) מֵאִישׁ ➣ מִן–אִישׁ

(compensatory lengthening) מֵהָאָ.ֶרץ ➣ מִן–הָאָ.ֶרץ

(virtual doubling) מִחוּץ ➣ מִן–חוּץ

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 6f - Prepositions definite direct object marker

In Hebrew prose, definite direct objects .אֵת/אֶת– are usually marked with

בָָּרא אֱֹלהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַ.יִם נָתַן הַנָּבִיא אֶת–הַסֵּ.פֶר לַ ֶמּ.לְֶך אָהַב דָּוִד אֶת–יְהוֹנָתָן נָתַן הַ ֶמּ.לְֶך אֶת–תּוֹרוֹתָיו לָעָם

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 7a - Hebrew Adjectives inflection (form)

Inflected Adjective Masculine Feminine

טוֹבָה טוֹב Singular טוֹבוֹת טוֹבִים Plural

Inflectional Endings Masculine Feminine

ָבה Singular וֹת ִבים Plural

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 7b - Hebrew Adjectives the use of adjectives

1. Attributive Use. Directly modifies a noun and agrees with that noun in gender, number and definiteness. good man or a good man אִישׁ טוֹב the good man הָאִישׁ הַטּוֹב

2. Predicative Use. Asserts something about the noun and agrees with that noun in gender and number, but not definiteness. A predicate adjective will never take the definite article.

.The man is good הָאִישׁ טוֹב .The woman is good טוֹבָה הָאִשָּׁה

3. Substantival Use. Adjectives may be used independently as nouns with no noun for the adjective to modify.

.the wise man הֶחָכָם the good women הַטּוֹבוֹת

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 7c - Hebrew Adjectives the directional ending

In Hebrew, a special ending may be added to a word in order to express the idea of motion toward someone or something. This special ending is the .(it is always unaccented) ָבה directional ending to the house הַבַּ.יְתָה ➣ house בַּ.יִת toward the city הָעִ. ָירה ➣ city עִיר heavenward הַשָּׁמַ.יְמָה ➣ heaven שָׁמַ.יִם to Egypt מִצְַר.יְמָה ➣ Egypt מִצְַר.יִם to there שָׁ.מָּה ➣ there שָׁם toward the sea יָ<מָּה ➣ sea יָם

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 7d - Hebrew Adjectives basic patterns of inflection

1. Inflection with No Change טוֹבָה טוֹב טוֹבוֹת ִטוֹבים

2. Inflection with Propretonic Reduction גְּדוֹלָהגָּדוֹל גְּדוֹלוֹת גְּדוֹלִים

בֶה Inflection of Adjectives Ending in .3 קָשָׁה קָשֶׁה קָשׁוֹת קָ ִשׁים

4. Inflection of Geminate Adjectives ַרבָּה ַרב ַרבּוֹת ַרבִּים

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 8a - Hebrew Pronouns independent personal pronouns

Singular Plural we אֲנ<ַחְנוּ I אֲנִי ,אָנֹכִי com 1 you אַתֶּם you אַתָּה masc 2 you אַתֵּ.נָה you אַתְּ fem 2 they הֵם ,הֵ.מָּה he/it הוּא masc 3 they הֵן ,הֵ.נָּה she/it הִיא ,הִוא fem 3

Notes 1. The independent personal pronoun is labelled independent because it stands alone and is not prefixed or suffixed to another word. 2. Independent personal pronouns are subjective, meaning they are used as the subject of a verb, never as the object of the verb. 3. Independent personal pronouns may also appear as the subject of a verbless clause. For this reason, they are sometimes called subject pronouns.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 8b - Hebrew Pronouns independent personal pronouns

The following examples illustrate how independent personal pronouns are used with other nouns or adjectives in a predicative relationship. The pronoun may precede or follow the noun or adjective. A form of the verb “to be” is required in translation.

.(I am Yahweh (the Lord אֲנִי יְהוָה

.He is a righteous prophet הוּא נָבִיא צִַדּיק

.You (2ms) are a good king אַתָּה מֶ.לְֶך טוֹב

We are brothers אַחִים אֲנַ<חְנוּ

.She is a wise woman הִיא אִשָּׁה חֲכָמָה

.You (2mp) are in the great city אַתֶּם בָּעִיר הַגְּדוֹלָה

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 8c - Hebrew Pronouns demonstratives

Singular Plural these אֵ.לֶּה this זֶה Masc these אֵ.לֶּה this זֹאת Fem those הֵם ,הֵ.מָּה that הוּא Masc those הֵן ,הֵ.נָּה that הִיא Fem

Notes 1. They may be used either as adjectives (this man, those women) or as pronouns (this is the man, those are the women). and הוּא ,The masculine and feminine singular forms .2 are identical to the third person masculine and ,הִיא feminine independent personal pronouns. these) is both masculine and) אֵ.לֶּה The demonstrative .3 feminine plural. Remember that the designation for this phenomenon is “common,” meaning not inflected for gender.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 8d - Hebrew Pronouns demonstratives

Hebrew demonstratives may be used either as adjectives or as pronouns.

Demonstrative Adjectives follow the noun and agree in gender, number and definiteness. this man הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה this woman הָאִשָּׁה הַזֹּאת these good men הָאֲנָשִׁים הַטּוֹבִים הָאֵ.לֶּה these good women הַנָּשִׁים הַטּוֹבוֹת הָאֵ.לֶּה

Demonstrative Pronouns precede the noun and agree in gender and number but not definiteness.

.That is the man הוּא הָאִישׁ .That is the woman הִיא הָאִשָּׁה .These are the good men אֵ.לֶּה הָאֲנָשִׁים הַטּוֹבִים .Those are the good women הֵ.נָּה הַנָּשִׁים הַטּוֹבוֹת

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 8e - Hebrew Pronouns the relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר (who, which, that)

The form of this word does not change in order to indicate the gender or number of its antecedent. It may appear with or without Maqqef. When functioning as a relative pronoun introducing a relative clause, it immediately follows the noun it is modifying. the tree that (is) in the middle הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר בְּתוְֹך–הַגָּן of the garden the mountains that (are) under הֶהִָרים אֲשֶׁר–תַּ.חַת הַשָּׁ ַמ.יִם the heavens the king whom you chose הַמֶּ.לְֶך אֲשֶׁר בְּחְַרתֶּם David, who (is) in the house of דָּוִד אֲשֶׁר בְּבֵית יְהוָה the Lord

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 8f - Hebrew Pronouns interrogative pronouns

?Who מִי ?What מָה

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask a question. These pronouns do not inflect and can appear with or without may change slightly מָה the Maqqef. The vocalization of a Daghesh Forte will usually ,מַה When spelled .(מֶה or מַה) appear in the first consonant of the following word.

?What (is) his name מַה–שְּׁמוֹ ?What have you done מֶה–עָשִׂ.יתָ ?What (is) this dream מָה הַחֲלוֹם הַזֶּה ?Who (are) you מִי–אַתָּה ?Who (is) this man מִי–הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה ?Who (are) these men מִי הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵ.לֶּה

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 8g - Hebrew Pronouns the interrogative particle הֲ

The interrogative particle is prefixed to the first word of the sentence. Compare the following examples. The first example is a statement. The second example is a question because the interrogative particle has been prefixed to the first word of the sentence.

.The king sent the prophet שָׁלַח הַ ֶמּ.לְֶך אֶת–הַנָּבִיא ?Did the king send the prophet הֲשָׁלַח הַ ֶמּ.לְֶך אֶת–הַנָּבִיא

The Spelling of the Particle before most consonants as in the above example הֲ .1 before gutturals or any consonant with Shewa הַ .2 before gutturals with Qamets הֶ .3

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9a - Pronominal Suffixes grammar summary

• Pronominal suffixes are pronouns that can be either possessive (his, her, our) or objective (him, her, us).

• These possessive and objective pronouns appear as suffixes on nouns, prepositions and the definite direct object marker.

• When appearing on nouns, they are possessive as in “his book” or “her wisdom.” When appearing on prepositions or the definite direct object marker, they are objective as in “to them,” “for them,” or “them.”

• All pronominal suffixes have person, gender and number.

• There are two sets of pronominal suffixes: Type 1 and Type 2. Both types have the same possessive and objective translation values.

• With few exceptions, Type 1 suffixes occur with singular nouns and Type 2 suffixes occur with plural nouns.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9b - Pronominal Suffixes summary paradigm

Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Translation Suffixes Alternate Suffixes my/me ַינִי ִי 1cs your/you ֶ.יָךָך 2ms your/you ַ.יְִךְך 2fs his/him ָיוהוּוֹ 3ms her/her ֶ.יהָ הָ ָבהּ 3fs our/us ֵ.ינוּ נוּ 1cp your/you ֵיכֶםכֶם 2mp your/you ֵיכֶןכֶן 2fp their/them ֵיהֶם ָבםהֶם 3mp their/them ֵיהֶן ָבןהֶן 3fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9c - Pronominal Suffixes on masculine nouns

Type 1 Suffixes Type 2 Suffixes Noun ms Noun mp my horses סוּסַי my horse סוּסִי 1cs your horses ֶסוּס.יָך your horse סוּסְָך 2ms your horses ַסוּס.יְִך your horse סוּסְֵך 2fs his horses סוּסָיו his horse סוּסוֹ 3ms her horses ֶסוּס.יהָ her horse סוּסָהּ 3fs our horses ֵסוּס.ינוּ our horse ֵסוּס.נוּ 1cp your horses סוּסֵיכֶם your horse סוּסְכֶם 2mp your horses סוּסֵיכֶן your horse סוּסְכֶן 2fp their horses סוּסֵיהֶם their horse סוּסָם 3mp their horses סוּסֵיהֶן their horse סוּסָן 3fp

Note: When pronominal suffixes are added to masculine is (זִים) plural nouns, the masculine plural ending dropped. With the absence of this ending, a masculine noun is recognizable as plural only by the use of Type 2 pronominal suffixes.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9d - Pronominal Suffixes on feminine nouns

Type 1 Suffixes Type 2 Suffixes Noun fs Noun fp my laws תּוֹרוֹתַי my law תּוָֹרתִי 1cs your laws תּוֹרוֹתֶ.יָך your law תּוֹר,תְָך 2ms your laws ַתּוֹרוֹת.יְִך your law תּוָֹרתְֵך 2fs his laws תּוֹרוֹתָיו his law תּוָֹרתוֹ 3ms her laws ֶתּוֹרוֹת.יהָ her law תּוָֹרתָהּ 3fs our laws תּוֹרוֹתֵ.ינוּ our law ֵתּוָֹרת.נוּ 1cp your laws תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶם your law תּוַֹרתְכֶם 2mp your laws תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶן your law תּוַֹרתְכֶן 2fp their laws תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶם their law תּוָֹרתָם 3mp their laws תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶן their law תּוָֹרתָן 3fp as) ָבה Note: When a feminine singular noun ending in is replaced ה receives a pronominal suffix, the (תּוָֹרה in .( תּוָֹרת becomes תּוָֹרה) ת by

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9e - Pronominal Suffixes on monosyllabic nouns

Type 1 Suffixes Type 2 Suffixes Noun ms Noun mp my brothers אַחַי my brother אָחִי 1cs your brothers אַ ֶח.יָך your brother אָ ִח.יָך 2ms your brothers אַ ַח.יְִך your brother אָ ִח.יְך 2fs his brothers אֶחָיו his brother אָחִיו 3ms her brothers אַחֶ.יהָ her brother אָ ִח.יהָ 3fs our brothers אַ ֵח.ינוּ our brother אָ ִח.ינוּ 1cp your brothers אֲחֵיכֶם your brother אֲחִיכֶם 2mp your brothers אֲחֵיכֶן your brother אֲחִיכֶן 2fp their brothers אֲחֵיהֶם their brother אֲחִיהֶם 3mp their brothers אֲחֵיהֶן their brother אֲחִיהֶן 3fp to י Note: Certain singular monosyllabic nouns add their stem before a pronominal suffix. The addition of to singular nouns with Type 1 suffixes may cause י this them to be confused with plural nouns having Type 2 suffixes. The singular noun paradigm has Hireq Yod your brother). The plural noun paradigm varies ,אָח.ִיָך) .(your brothers ,אַ ֶח.יָך) its vowel but it is never Hireq Yod

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9f - Pronominal Suffixes on prepositions

Type 1 Suffixes Type 2 Suffixes on me עָלַי to me לִי 1cs on you עָ ֶל.יָך to you לְָך 2ms on you עָ ַל.יְִך to you לְָך 2fs on him עָלָיו to him לוֹ 3ms on her עָלֶ.יהָ to her לָהּ 3fs on us עָלֵ.ינוּ to us ָל.נוּ 1cp on you עֲלֵיכֶם to you לָכֶם 2mp on you עֲלֵיכֶן to you לָכֶן 2fp on them עֲלֵיהֶם to them לָהֶם 3mp on them עֲלֵיהֶן to them לָהֶן 3fp

(with) עִם ,(in, on) בְּ ,(to, for) לְ Note: The prepositions with) all take Type 1 suffixes. Prepositions that) אֵת and ,(to, for) אֶל ,(on, upon) עַל :take Type 2 suffixes include .(after) אַחֲֵרי under) and) ַתּ.חַת

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9g - Pronominal Suffixes מִן and כְּ on מִןכְּ from me מִ ֶמּ.נִּי like me כָּמ.וֹנִי 1cs from you מִמְָּך like you כָּמ.וָֹך 2ms from you מִמְֵּך like you כָּמוְֹך 2fs from him מִ ֶמּ.נּוּ like him כָּמ.וֹהוּ 3ms from her מִמֶּ.נָּה like her כָּמ.וֹהָ 3fs from us מִמֶּ.נּוּ like us כָּמ.וֹנוּ 1cp from you מִכֶּם like you כָּכֶם 2mp from you מִכֶּן like you כָּכֶן 2fp from them מֵהֶם like them כָּהֶם 3mp from them מֵהֶן like them כָּהֶן 3fp forms with singular and ,כְּ Note: With the preposition 1cp suffixes exhibit a longer, alternate spelling of the forms with ,מִן With the preposition .(כָּמ.וֹ) preposition singular and 1cp suffixes also exhibit a longer, alternate spelling of the preposition.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9h - Pronominal Suffixes אֵת/אֶת– on

Object Marker Preposition with me אִתִּי me אֹתִי 1cs with you אִתְָּך you אֹתְָך 2ms with you אִתְָּך you אֹתְָך 2fs with him אִתּוֹ him אֹתוֹ 3ms with her אִתָּהּ her אֹתָהּ 3fs with us אִ ָתּ.נוּ us אֹ ָת.נוּ 1cp with you אִתְּכֶם you אֶתְכֶם 2mp with you אִתְּכֶן you אֶתְכֶן 2fp with them אִתָּם them אֹתָם 3mp with them אִתָּן them אֹתָן 3fp

Note: The object marker is distinguished by a Holem It is Seghol in the .(אֹתִי) vowel over the initial consonant -The preposition is distin .(אֶתְכֶם) 2mp and 2fp forms guished by Hireq under the initial consonant and Daghesh .(אִתִּי) ת Forte in the

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 9i - Pronominal Suffixes עַם and עִם on

עַםעִם my people עַמִּי with me עִמִּי 1cs your people עַמְָּך with you עִמְָּך 2ms your people עַמְֵּך with you עִמְָּך 2fs his people עַמּוֹ with him עִמּוֹ 3ms her people עַמָּהּ with her עִמָּהּ 3fs our people עַ ֵמּ.נוּ with us עִמָּ.נוּ 1cp your people עַמְּכֶם with you עִמָּכֶם 2mp your people עַמְּכֶן with you עִמָּכֶן 2fp their people עַמָּם with them עִמָּם 3mp their people עַמָּן with them עִמָּן 3fp

with me) and ,עִמִּי) Note: The preposition has Hireq my people). Both words take ,עַמִּי) the noun has Pathach when pronominal suffixes are מ a Daghesh Forte in the added.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10a - Construct Chain construct and absolute

The first of the two nouns in the construct chain is called the construct noun and is said to be in the construct state. The second of the two nouns is called the absolute noun and is said to be in the absolute state. The absolute form of a noun is also its lexical form.

עֶ.בֶד הַמֶּ.לְֶך

Absolute Noun Construct Noun

“the servant of the king”

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10b - Construct Chain with attributive adjectives

When an adjective modifies either the construct or absolute noun, it must follow the entire chain. It must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number and definiteness.

מֶ.לְֶך הָא.ֶָרץ הַטּוֹב the good king of the land מֶ.לְֶך הָא.ֶָרץ הַטּוֹבָה the king of the good land ְדּבַר הַמּ.ֶלְֶך הַטּוֹב the word of the good king

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10c - Construct Chain with demonstrative adjectives

Just like attributive adjectives, demonstrative adjectives must also follow the construct chain.

ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הָאֵ.לֶּה these words of the prophet ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הַזֶּה the words of this prophet ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הַטּוֹב הַזֶּה the words of this good prophet ְדּבַר הַנָּבִיא הַזֶּה the word of this prophet or this word of the prophet

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10d - Construct Chain vowel reduction (spelling)

A construct noun surrenders its primary accent and …

a. Qamets (and sometimes Tsere) changes to Pathach in a final closed syllable. judgement of מִשְׁפַּט ➣ judgement מִשְׁפָּט altar of מִזְבַּח ➣ altar מִזְבֵּחַ

b. Qamets or Tsere changes to Vocal Shewa in an open, unaccented syllable. peace of שְׁלוֹם ➣ peace שָׁלוֹם place of מְקוֹם ➣ place מָקוֹם

c. Both rules a and b may apply to the formation of a noun in the construct state. word of דְּבַר ➣ word דָּבָר heart of לְבַב ➣ heart לֵבָב

d. Monosyllabic nouns with changeable long vowels reduce to the corresponding short vowel. son of בֶּן ➣ son בֵּן all of כָּל ➣ all כֹּל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10e - Construct Chain masculine plural and dual

endings בַ.יִם and dual בִים The masculine plural Tsere-Yod) in the construct state and) בֵי change to then the rules of vowel reduction apply.

God of אֱ ֵֹלהי ➣ God אֱֹלהִים sons of בְּנֵי ➣ sons בָּנִים two) eyes of) עֵינֵי ➣ two eyes עֵינַ<יִם words of דִּבְ ֵרי ➣ words דְּבִָרים

In the last example, both propretonic reduction and Rule of Shewa apply. דִּבְֵרי ➣ דְּבְֵרי ➣ ְדּבִָרים

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10f - Construct Chain feminine singular

change ָבה Feminine singular nouns ending in in the construct state and בַת this ending to then the rules of vowel reduction apply. law of ַתּוֹרת ➣ law תּוָֹרה queen of מַלְכַּת ➣ queen מַלְכָּה year of שְׁנַת ➣ year שָׁנָה

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10g - Construct Chain feminine plural

retain this plural וֹת Feminine plural nouns ending in ending and then the rules of vowel reduction will apply. kingdoms of מַמְלְכוֹת ➣ kingdoms מַמְלָכוֹת names of שְׁמוֹת ➣ names שֵׁמוֹת fields of שְׂדוֹת ➣ fields שָׂדוֹת blessings of בְִּרכוֹת ➣ blessings בְָּרכוֹת

In the last example, both propretonic reduction and Rule of Shewa apply.

בְִּרכוֹת ➣ בְְּרכוֹת ➣ בְָּרכוֹת

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10h - Construct Chain miscellaneous nouns (a)

Certain singular monosyllabic nouns add Hireq Yod to their stem in the construct state. Do not to confuse this Hireq Yod with the 1cs pronominal .(”my father“ אָבִי) suffix father of אֲבִי ➣ father אָב brother of אֲחִי ➣ brother אָח

house) changes to) בַּ.יִת as in ַב.יִ The diphthong Tsere Yod in the construct state. house of בֵּית ➣ house ַבּ.יִת spring of עֵין ➣ spring עַ.יִן

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 10i - Construct Chain miscellaneous nouns (b)

The singular absolute of Segholate nouns is identical to its singular construct form. The plural construct .(kings of) מַלְכֵי form follows the pattern of king of מֶ.לְֶך ➣ king מֶ.לְֶך servant of עֶ.בֶד ➣ servant עֶ.בֶד kings of מַלְכֵי ➣ kings מְלָכִים servants of עַבְֵדי ➣ servants עֲבִָדים with Seghol) have a singular) ֶ ה Nouns ending in .(with Tsere) ֵה construct form ending in field of שְׂדֵה ➣ field שֶָׂדה camp of מַחֲנֵה ➣ camp מַחֲנֶה

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 11a - Numbers cardinals:1-10

Masculine Feminine Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

אַחַתאַחַתאַחַדאֶחָד One שְׁתֵּישְׁ ַתּ.יִםשְׁנֵישְׁנַ<יִם Two שְׁל.ֹשֶׁתשְׁלֹשָׁהשְׁלֹשׁשָׁלֹשׁ Three אְַרבַּ.עַתאְַרבָּעָהאְַרבַּעאְַרבַּע Four חֲמֵ.שֶׁתחֲמִשָּׁהחֲמֵשׁחָמֵשׁ Five שֵׁ.שֶׁתשִׁשָּׁהשֵׁשׁשֵׁשׁ Six שִׁבְעַתשִׁבְעָהשְׁבַעשֶׁ.בַע Seven שְׁמֹנַתשְׁמֹנָהשְׁמֹנֵהשְׁמֹנֶה Eight תִּשְׁעַתתִּשְׁעָהתְּשַׁעתֵּ.שַׁע Nine עֲשֶׂ.ֶרתעֲשָָׂרהעֶ.שֶׂרעֶ.שֶׂר Ten

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 11b - Numbers cardinals:11-19

With Masculine With Feminine Nouns Nouns

אַחַת עֶשְֵׂרהאַחַד עָשָׂר Eleven עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְֵׂרהעַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר שְׁתֵּי עֶשְֵׂרהשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Twelve שְׁתֵּים עֶשְֵׂרהשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְֵׂרהשְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר Thirteen אְַרבַּע עֶשְֵׂרהאְַרבָּעָה עָשָׂר Fourteen חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְֵׂרהחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר Fifteen שֵׁשׁ עֶשְֵׂרהשִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר Sixteen שְׁבַע עֶשְֵׂרהשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר Seventeen שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְֵׂרהשְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר Eighteen תְּשַׁע עֶשְֵׂרהתִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר Nineteen

(thirteen years (1 Kgs 7:1 שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְֵׂרה שָׁנָה (fourteen days (Ex 12:6 אְַרבָּעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם (fifteen shekels (Lev 27:7 חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר שֶָׁקל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 11c - Numbers cardinals:20-99

עֶשְִׂרים Twenty שְׁלֹשִׁים Thirty אְַרבָּעִים Forty חֲמִשִּׁים Fifty שִׁשִּׁים Sixty שִׁבְעִים Seventy שְׁמֹנִים Eighty תִּשְׁעִים Ninety

(twenty-one (2 Kgs 24:18 עֶשְִׂרים וְאַחַת (seventy-seven (Gen 4:24 שִׁבְעִים וְשִׁבְעָה (ninety-nine (Gen 17:24 תִּשְׁעִים וָתֵשַׁע (thirty-two (Num 31:40 שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁים

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 11d - Numbers cardinals:100+

מֵאָה One Hundred מָאתַ.יִם Two Hundred שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת Three Hundred ֶא.לֶף One Thousand אַלְפַּ.יִם Two Thousand שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Three Thousand ְרבָבָה Ten Thousand ִַרבּוֹת.יִם Twenty Thousand שְׁלֹשׁ ִרבּוֹת Thirty Thousand

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 11e - Numbers ordinal numbers

Masculine Feminine

ִראשׁוֹנָה ִראשׁוֹן First שֵׁנִיתשֵׁנִי Second שְׁלִישִׁיתשְׁלִישִׁי Third ְרבִיעִית ְרבִיעִי Fourth חֲמִישִׁיתחֲמִישִׁי Fifth שִׁשִּׁיתשִׁשִּׁי Sixth שְׁבִיעִיתשְׁבִיעִי Seventh שְׁמִינִיתשְׁמִינִי Eighth תְּשִׁיעִיתתְּשִׁיעִי Ninth עֲשִׂיִרית עֲשִׂיִרי Tenth

(on the first day (Lev 23:7 בַּיּוֹם הִָראשׁוֹן (on the seventh day (Gen 2:2 בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי (in the fortieth year (1 Chr 26:31 בִּשְׁנַת הָאְַרבָּעִים

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 12a - Intro to Verbs verbal stems: names

English Hebrew Spelling Spelling Spelling Diagnostics unaugmented ַקל ➣ Qal prefix; Pathach stem vowel נִ נִפְעַל ➣ Niphal

Hireq-Tsere vowel pattern פִּעֵל ➣ Piel

Qibbuts-Pathach vowel pattern פֻּעַל ➣ Pual prefix; Hireq Yod stem vowel הִ הִפְעִיל ➣ Hiphil prefix; Pathach stem vowel הָ הָפְעַל ➣ Hophal prefix; Tsere stem vowel הִתהִתְפַּעֵל ➣ Hithpael

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 12b - Intro to Verbs verbal stems: meaning

Qal Simple/Active. Qal verbs are active in voice, though a few passive forms do exist. The Qal stem also exhibits the simple or unnuanced type of action. Niphal Simple/Passive or Reflexive. The Niphal stem is used to express simple action with either a passive or reflexive voice. In other words, whatever a verb means in the Qal stem, it becomes passive or reflexive in the Niphal stem. Piel Intensive/Active. The Piel stem is sometimes used to express an intensive type of action with an active voice. In other words, the simple action of the Qal stem will take on some type of intensive nuance in the Piel stem. Pual Intensive/Passive. The Pual is the passive form of the Piel. The Pual stem, therefore, is used to express an intensive type of action with a passive voice. Hiphil Causative/Active. The Hiphil stem is used to express causative action with an active voice. For example, the verb .means “he was king” or “he reigned” in the Qal stem מָלְַך and means “he caused הִמְלִיְך The Hiphil form, however, is to reign” or “he made (someone) king.” Hophal Causative/Passive. The Hophal is the passive form of the Hiphil. The Hophal stem, therefore, is used to express causative action with a passive voice. For example, the means “he made (someone) king.” The הִמְלִיְך Hiphil verb and it is translated “he was made הָמְלְַך Hophal form is king.” Hithpael Intensive/Reflexive. The Hithpael stem is used to express an intensive type of action with a reflexive (or sometimes ”means “he hid חָבָא passive) voice. For example, the verb and it means הִתְחַבֵּא in the Qal stem. The Hithpael form is “he hid himself.”

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 12c - Intro to Verbs summary: stem meaning and translation

Simple Intensive Causative Action Action Action Active Voice Qal Piel Hiphil Passive Voice Niphal Pual Hophal Reflexive Voice Niphal Hithpael

Form Translation he heard שָׁמַע Qal he was heard נִשְׁמַע Niphal he smashed into pieces שִׁבֵּר Piel he was smashed into pieces שֻׁבַּר Pual he made king הִמְלִיְך Hiphil he was made king הָמְלְַך Hophal he hid himself הִתְחַבֵּא Hithpael

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 12d - Intro to Verbs verbal conjugations

Perfect Completed Action. The Perfect aspect denotes completed action, whether in the past, present or future.

Imperfect Incomplete Action. The Imperfect aspect denotes incomplete action, whether in the past, present or future.

Imperative 2nd Person Command. The Imperative conjugation is used primarily to express direct commands, demanding immediate action from the one being addressed.

Cohortative 1st Person Volitional. The Cohortative is used to express a wish, request or command. It may also be used to express purpose (in order to) or result (resulting in).

Jussive 3rd Person Volitional. The Jussive conjugation is also used to express some type of mild command or strong wish.

Infinitive Verbal Noun. The Infinitive Construct can function much Construct like an English Infinitive, usually translated with the preposition “to” plus a verb as in “to study” or “to learn.”

Infinitive Verbal Noun. The Hebrew Infinitive Absolute has no real Absolute English counterpart. It may be used in conjunction with other verbs to emphasize or intensify the verbal action. It may also be used in the place of an Imperative to express a command.

Participle Verbal Adjective. Verbally, the Participle expresses some type of verbal action such as “studying” or “learning.” Adjectivally, it is used much like a Hebrew adjective: attributively, predicatively or substantively.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 12e - Intro to Verbs roots, stems & conjugations

Root קטל

Qal Stem קָטַל Derived Stems

Niphal Piel Pual Hiphil Hophal Hithpael הִתְַקטֵּל הְָקטַל הְִקטִיל ֻקטַּל ִקטֵּל נְִקטַל Verbal Conjugations

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Cohortative Jussive Inf Construct Inf Absolute Participle

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 12f - Intro to Verbs weak verb classification

Class Example Description guttural in first root position ָעמַד I-Guttural guttural in second root position גָּ ַאל II-Guttural in third root position ע or ח בַָּרח ע/ח-III in third root position א מָצָא א-III in third root position ה בָּנָה ה-III in first root position י ָישַׁבי-I in first root position נ ָנפַלנ-I

(for one example) ה-I-Guttural and III עָ ָלה Doubly Weak only two root consonants קָם Biconsonantal identical second and third consonants סָבַב Geminate

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 12g - Intro to Verbs verbal sentence word order

Normal word order for a verbal sentence is verb-subject-object.

object object subject verb בָָּרא אֱֹלהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאֶָרץ God created the heavens and the earth. Gen 1:1

It is not uncommon for the direct object to stand at the beginning of a Hebrew sentence for the purpose of emphasis.

verb object אֶת–יְהוָה אֱֹלהֶיָך תִּיָרא Yahweh your God you shall fear. Deut 10:20

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 13a - Qal Perfect: Strong introduction

The Qal Stem Qal verbs are active in voice with the simple or unnuanced type of action. The simple action of the Qal stem is further divided into transitive, intransitive and stative. 1. Transitive. Transitive verbs may take a direct object. In the example “the prophet wrote the book,” the word “book” is the direct object of the verb “wrote” because it receives the verbal action. 2. Intransitive. Intransitive verbs cannot take a direct object. In the example “the king perished in the battle,” the verb “perished” cannot take a direct object. Other examples of intransitive verbs include “to live,” “to die” and “to fast.” 3. Stative. Stative verbs are used to describe a state of being. In the example, “the priest is old,” the verbal construction “is old” describes the state or condition of the subject (the priest). In English, a stative (or state-of-being) idea is expressed with a form of the verb “to be” (is) and an adjective (old). In Hebrew, a stative idea is expressed קָטֹן to be heavy) and) כָּבֵד through various verbs themselves, such as (to be small). Most stative verbs are considered to be intransitive because they cannot take a direct object.

The Perfect Conjugation The Perfect conjugation is used to express a completed action or state of being. It must be emphasized that the Hebrew Perfect does not have tense (time of action) apart from context and issues of syntax. Rather, it signifies aspect (type of action). The Perfect aspect designates a verbal action with its conclusion envisioned in the mind of the speaker or writer. To state it differently, the Perfect aspect denotes completed action, whether in the past, present or future.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 13b - Qal Perfect: Strong qal perfect paradigm

Sufformative Perfect Translation he killed קָטַל 3ms she killed ק,טְ ָלה ָלה 3fs you killed קָטַ.לְתָּ לתָּ 2ms you killed קָטַלְתְּ לתְּ 2fs

I killed קָטַ.לְתִּי לתִּי 1cs they killed ק,טְלוּ לוּ 3cp you killed ְקטַלְתֶּם לתֶּם 2mp you killed ְקטַלְתֶּן לתֶּן 2fp we killed קָטַ.לְנוּ לנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 13c - Qal Perfect: Strong other strong verbs

קָבַץשָׁמַרכָּתַבזָכַריָשַׁב to dwell to remember to write to keep to gather

קָבַץשָׁמַרכָּתַבזָכַריָשַׁב 3ms

ק,בְ ָצה שׁ,מְ ָרה כּ>תְ ָבה ז>כְ ָרה י>שְׁ ָבה 3fs

קָבַ.צְתָּ שָׁמ.ְַרתָּ כָּתַ.בְתָּ זָכַ.ְרתָּ יָ ַשׁ.בְתָּ 2ms

קָבַצְתְּ שָׁמְַרתְּ כָּתַבְתְּ זָכְַרתְּ יָשַׁבְתְּ 2fs

קָבַ.צְתִּי שָׁ ַמ.ְרתִּי כָּתַ.בְתִּי זָכַ.ְרתִּי יָ ַשׁ.בְתִּי 1cs

ק,בְצוּ שׁ,מְרוּ כּ>תְבוּ ז>כְרוּ י>שְׁבוּ 3cp

ְקבַצְתֶּם שְׁמְַרתֶּם כְּתַבְתֶּם זְכְַרתֶּם יְשַׁ ְבתֶּם 2mp

ְקבַצְתֶּן שְׁמְַרתֶּן כְּתַ ְבתֶּן זְכְַרתֶּן יְשַׁ ְבתֶּן 2fp

קָבַ. ְצנוּ שָׁ ַמ.ְרנוּ כָּתַ. ְבנוּ זָ ַכ.ְרנוּ יָ ַשׁ. ְבנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 13d - Qal Perfect: Strong נ and ת verbal roots ending in receives a sufformative ת When a verbal root ending in the two identical consonants become ,ת beginning with Five of the .(תּ ➣ תת) one consonant with a Daghesh Forte .ת Perfect sufformatives begin with 2ms you cut כַָּר. ָּת ➣ כַָּר.תְתָּ 2fs you cut כָּ ְַּרת ➣ כַָּרתְתְּ 1cs I cut כַָּר. ִּתי ➣ כַָּר.תְתִּי 2mp you cut כְּ ֶַּרתם ➣ כְַּרתְתֶּם 2fp you cut כְּ ֶַּרתן ➣ כְַּרתְתֶּן receives a Perfect נ When a verbal root ending in the two identical consonants ,נ sufformative beginning with The .(נּ ➣ ננ) become one consonant with Daghesh Forte The .(נוּ) is the 1cp נ only sufformative that begins with of a verbal root may also assimilate into suffirmatives נ final .(תּ ➣ נת) ת ending in 1cp we dwell שָׁ ַכ.נּוּ ➣ שָׁכ.ַנְנוּ 1cp we dwell נָת.ַ ִּתי ➣ נָת.ַנְתִּי

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 13e - Qal Perfect: Strong stative verbs Stative verbs are classified by their stem vowel. The stem vowel is the vowel that is associated with the second root consonant. In transitive strong verb paradigms, the stem vowel is With stative verbs, the .זָכַר and שָׁמַר ,קָטַל Pathach as in stem vowel is variable.

Pathach-Stative Tsere-Stative Holem-Stative to be small קָטֹן to be heavy כָּבֵד to be great גָּדַל to be able יָכֹל to be old זָקֵן to be wise חָכַם Pathach- Tsere- Holem- Stative Stative Stative קָטֹןכָּבֵדגַָּדל 3ms ק,טְנָהכּ>בְדָהגּ>ְדלָה 3fs קָטֹ.נְתָּ כָּבַ.ְדתָּ גַָּד.לְתָּ 2ms קָטֹנְתְּ כָּבְַדתְּ גַָּדלְתְּ 2fs קָט.ֹנְתִּיכָּ ַב.ְדתִּיגַָּד.לְתִּי 1cs ק,טְנוּכּ>בְדוּגּ>ְדלוּ 3cp ְקטָנְתֶּםכְּבְַדתֶּםגְַּדלְתֶּם 2mp ְקטָנְתֶּןכְּבְַדתֶּןגְַּדלְתֶּן 2fp קָט.ֹנּוּכָּ ַב.ְדנוּ גַָּד.לְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 13f - Qal Perfect: Strong parsing

The parsing of Perfect verbs involves the identification of the verbal stem, conjugation, person, gender, number and verbal root. When parsing, give the appropriate information in the proper order as the following examples illustrate (translation is not a required part of parsing information).

I remembered זָכַר Qal Perfect 1cs זָכַ.ְרתִּי you observed שָׁמַר Qal Perfect 2fs שָׁ ַמ.ְרתְּ

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 13g - Qal Perfect: Strong ֹלא the negative particle

Perfect (and Imperfect) verbs are negated with the usually translated “not.” It may also be ,ֹלא particle The negative particle is always placed .לוֹא spelled immediately before the verb. ֹלא שְׁמְַרתֶּם אֶת–הַתּוֹרוֹת You did not observe the laws. ֹלא זָכַ.ְרתָּ אֶת–הַבְִּרית You did not remember the covenant.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 13h - Qal Perfect: Strong הִנֵּה the particle ”.is commonly translated “behold (הֶן– and הֵן also as) הִנֵּה The word It can stand alone or take Type 1 pronominal suffixes.

הִנֶּ<נּוּ/הִנְנוּ 1cp הִנֵּ<נִי/הִנְנִי 1cs

הִנְּכֶם 2mp הִנְָּך 2ms

2fp הִנְָּך 2fs

הִנָּם 3mp הִנּוֹ 3ms

.may be used to add emphasis הִנֵּה The particle .1 וַיְַּרא אֱֹלהִים אֶת–כָּל–אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה ְוהִנֵּה–טוֹב מְאֹד And God saw all that he had made, and behold, (it was) very good (Gen 1:31). may be used to indicate the immediate presence of הִנֵּה The particle .2 someone or something. וְהִנֵּה אָנֹכִי עִמְָּך And behold, I am with you (Gen 28:15). may be used to introduce a fact or situation upon הִנֵּה The particle .3 which a subsequent statement is based. וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל אֶל–כָּל–יִשְָׂראֵל הִנֵּה שָׁמַעְתִּי בְֹקלְכֶם לְכֹל אֲשֶׁר–אֲמְַרתֶּם לִי וָאַמְלִיְך עֲלֵיכֶם מֶלְֶך And Samuel said to all of Israel, “Behold, I have listened to all that you have said to me and (therefore) I have caused a king to reign over you” (1 Sam 12:1).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 14a - Qal Perfect: Weak ע/ח-I-Guttural, II-Guttural and III

Strong ע/ח-I-Guttural II-Guttural III

קָטַלשָׁמַעבָּחַרעָמַד 3ms

ק,טְלָהשׁ,מְעָהבּ>חֲָרהע>מְָדה 3fs

קָטַ.לְתָּ שָׁמַ.עְתָּ בָּ ַח.ְרתָּ עָמַ.ְדתָּ 2ms

קָטַלְתְּ שָׁמַ.עַתְּ בָּחְַרתְּ עָמְַדתְּ 2fs

קָטַ.לְתִּישָׁמַ.עְתִּיבָּחַ.ְרתִּיעָמַ.ְדתִּי 1cs

ק,טְלוּשׁ,מְעוּבּ>חֲרוּע>מְדוּ 3cp

ְקטַלְתֶּםשְׁמַעְתֶּםבְּחְַרתֶּםעֲמְַדתֶּם 2mp

ְקטַלְתֶּןשְׁמַעְתֶּןבְּחְַרתֶּןעֲמְַדתֶּן 2fp

קָטַ.לְנוּשָׁמַ.עְנוּבָּ ַח.ְרנוּ עָמַ.ְדנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 14b - Qal Perfect: Weak א-III

Strong א-III

קָטַלמָצָא 3ms

ק,טְלָהמ,צְאָה 3fs

קָטַ.לְתָּ מָצָ.אתָ 2ms

קָטַלְתְּ מָצָאת 2fs

קָטַ.לְתִּימָצָ.אתִי 1cs

ק,טְלוּמ,צְאוּ 3cp

ְקטַלְתֶּםמְצָאתֶם 2mp

ְקטַלְתֶּןמְצָאתֶן 2fp

קָטַ.לְנוּמָצָ.אנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 14c - Qal Perfect: Weak ה-III

Strong ה-III

קָטַלבָּנָה 3ms

ק,טְלָהבּ>נְתָה 3fs

קָטַ.לְתָּ בָּנִ.יתָ 2ms

קָטַלְתְּ בָּנִית 2fs

קָטַ.לְתִּיבָּנִ.יתִי 1cs

ק,טְלוּבָּנוּ 3cp

ְקטַלְתֶּםבְּנִיתֶם 2mp

ְקטַלְתֶּןבְּנִיתֶן 2fp

קָטַ.לְנוּבָּנִ.ינוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 14d - Qal Perfect: Weak doubly weak verbs

Strong /ה-III /ה-III II-Gutt I-Gutt Verb

קָטַלעָ ה לָָראָה 3ms

ק,טְלָהע,לְתָה ָראֲתָה 3fs

קָטַ.לְתָּ עָלִ.יתָ ָרא.ִיתָ 2ms

קָטַלְתְּ עָלִ ת יָראִית 2fs

קָטַ.לְתִּיעָלִ.יתִי ָרא.ִיתִי 1cs

ק,טְלוּעָלוּ ָראוּ 3cp

ְקטַלְתֶּםעֲלִיתֶם ְראִיתֶם 2mp

ְקטַלְתֶּןעֲלִיתֶן ְראִיתֶן 2fp

קָטַ.לְנוּעָלִ. נוּי ָרא.ִינוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 14e - Qal Perfect: Weak geminate verbs

Geminate Geminate Geminate Strong Strong Weak 1 Weak 2 Verb

קָטַלתַּםאַָררסָבַב 3ms

ק,טְלָהתּ.ַ ָּמהא,ְרָרהס,בְבָה 3fs

קָטַ.לְתָּ תַּ ּ.מוֹתָ אָר.וֹתָ סַבּ.וֹתָ 2ms

קָטַלְתְּ תַּ ּמוֹתאָרוֹתסַבּוֹת 2fs

קָטַ.לְתִּיתַּ ּ.מוֹתִיאָר.וֹתִיסַבּ.וֹתִי 1cs

ק,טְ ַלוּתּ. ּמוּא,ְררוּס,בְבוּ 3cp

ְקטַלְתֶּםתַּ ּמוֹתֶםאָרוֹתֶםסַבּוֹתֶם 2mp

ְקטַלְתֶּןתַּ ּמוֹתֶןאָרוֹתֶןסַבּוֹתֶן 2fp

קָטַ.לְנוּתַּ ּ.מוֹנוּאָר.וֹנוּסַבּ.וֹנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 14f - Qal Perfect: Weak biconsonantal verbs

Strong Strong Strong Weak Verb

קָטַלבָּאשָׂםקָם 3ms

ק,טְלָ ָהבּ.אָהשָׂ.מָ ָהק.מָה 3fs

קָטַ.לְתָּ ָבּ.אתָ שַׂ.מְתָּ ק.ַמְתָּ 2ms

קָטַלְתְּ בָּאתשַׂמְתְּ קַמְתְּ 2fs

קָטַ.לְתִּיבָּ.אתִ ַישׂ.מְתִּיַק.מְתִּי 1cs

ק,טְלוּבָּ.אוּשָׂ. ָמוּק.מוּ 3cp

ְקטַלְתֶּםבָּאתֶםשַׂמְתֶּםקַמְתֶּם 2mp

ְקטַלְתֶּןבָּאתֶןשַׂמְתֶּןקַמְתֶּן 2fp

קָטַ.לְנוּבָּ.אנוּ ַשׂ.מְנוּק.ַמְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 14g - Qal Perfect: Weak הָיָה and נָתַן :advanced information

Strong הָיָהנָתַן to give to be Verb

קָטַלהָיָהנָתַן 3ms

ק,טְלָהה>יְ ָתהנ>תְנָה 3fs

קָטַ.לְתָּ הָי<ִיתָ נָתַ. ָּת 2ms

קָטַלְתְּ הָיִיתנָתַ. ְּת 2fs

קָטַ.לְתִּיהָי<ִיתִינָתַ. ִּתי 1cs

ק,טְלוּהָיוּנ>תְנוּ 3cp

ְקטַלְתֶּםהֱיִיתֶםנְתַ ֶּתם 2mp

ְקטַלְתֶּןהֱיִיתֶןנְתַ ֶּתן 2fp

קָטַ.לְנוּהָי<ִינוּנָ ַת.נ ּוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 14h - Qal Perfect: Weak מוּת and יֵָרא :advanced information

Strong מוּת יֵָרא to be afraid to die Verb

קָטַלמֵתיֵָרא 3ms

ק,טְלָהמֵ.תָהי>ְראָה 3fs

קָטַ.לְתָּ מַ.תָּהיֵָר.אתָ 2ms

קָטַלְתְּ מַתְּ יֵָר.את 2fs

קָטַ.לְתִּימַ.תִּייֵָר.אתִי 1cs

ק,טְלוּמֵ.תוּי>ְראוּ 3cp

ְקטַלְתֶּםמַתֶּםיְֵראתֶם 2mp

ְקטַלְתֶּןמַתֶּןיְֵראתֶן 2fp

קָטַ.לְנוּמַ.תְנוּיֵָר.אנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 15a - Qal Imperfect: Strong master paradigm

Suffor- Imperfect Prefor- Translation mative Paradigm mative he will kill יִ יְִקטֹל 3ms she will kill תִּ תְִּקטֹל 3fs you (ms) will kill תִּ תְִּקטֹל 2ms you (fs) will kill תִּ תְִּקטְלִי ִבי 2fs

I will kill אֶ אְֶקטֹל 1cs they (mp) will kill יִ יְִקטְלוּ וּ 3mp they (fp) will kill תִּ תְִּקט.ֹלְנָה נָה 3fp you (mp) will kill תִּ תְִּקטְלוּ וּ 2mp you (fp) will kill תִּ תְִּקט.ֹלְנָה נָה 2fp we will kill נִ נְִקטֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 15b - Qal Imperfect: Strong other imperfect strong verbs

קָבַץשָׁמַרכָּתַבזָכַר to remember to write to keep to gather

יְִקבֹּץיִשְׁמֹריִכְתֹּביִזְכֹּר 3ms

תְִּקבֹּץתִּשְׁמֹרתִּכְתֹּבתִּזְכֹּר 3fs

תְִּקבֹּץתִּשְׁמֹרתִּכְתֹּבתִּזְכֹּר 2ms

תְִּקבְִּצִיתִּשְׁמְִריתִּכְתְּבִיתִּזְכְִּרי 2fs

אְֶקבֹּץאֶשְׁמֹראֶכְתֹּבאֶזְכֹּר 1cs

יְִקבְּצוּיִשְׁמְרוּיִכְתְּבוּיִזְכְּרוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקבּ.צְנָהתִּשְׁ ֹמ.ְרנָהתִּכְ ֹתּ.בְנָהתִּזְ ֹכּ.ְרנָה 3fp

תְִּקבְּצוּתִּשְׁמְרוּתִּכְתְּבוּתִּזְכְּרוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקבּ.צְנָהתִּשְׁ ֹמ.ְרנָהתִּכְ ֹתּ.בְנָהתִּזְ ֹכּ.ְרנָה 2fp

נְִקבֹּץנִשְׁמֹרנִכְתֹּבנִזְכֹּר 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 15c - Qal Imperfect: Strong stative verbs

With the Imperfect inflection of stative verbs, the stem vowel is Pathach regardless of the stem vowel in the Perfect.

Perfect Imperfect יִגְדַּל ➣ גַָּדל Pathach-Stative יִכְבַּד ➣ כָּבֵד Tsere-Stative יְִקטַן ➣ קָטֹן Holem-Stative

קָטֹןכָּבֵדגַָּדל Pathach- Tsere- Holem- Stative Stative Stative יְִקטַןיִכְבַּדיִגְַדּל 3ms תְִּקטַןתִּכְבַּדתִּגְַדּל 3fs תְִּקטַןתִּכְבַּדתִּגְַדּל 2ms תְִּקטְנִיתִּכְבְִּדיתִּגְְדּלִי 2fs אְֶקטַןאֶכְבַּדאֶגְַדּל 1cs יְִקטְנוּיִכְבְּדוּיִגְְדּלוּ 3mp תִּ ְַקט.נָּהתִּכְ ַבּ.ְדנָהתִּגְ ַדּ.לְנָה 3fp תְִּקטְנוּתִּכְבְּדוּתִּגְְדּלוּ 2mp תִּ ְַקט.נָּהתִּכְ ַבּ.ְדנָהתִּגְ ַדּ.לְנָה 2fp נְִקטַןנִכְבַּדנִגְַדּל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 15d - Qal Imperfect: Strong parsing

When asked to parse Qal Imperfect verbs, you will be required to identify the verbal stem, conjugation, person, gender, number and verbal root. When parsing, give the required information in the proper order as the following examples illustrate (translation is not a required part of the parsing information). they will hear שָׁמַע Qal Imperfect 3mp יִשְׁמְעוּ he will reign מָלְַך Qal Imperfect 3ms יִמְֹלְך

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 15e - Qal Imperfect: Strong אַל and ֹלא negative particles

This .ֹלא The Imperfect can be negated with negative particle is always placed immediately before the verb. It can simply negate the verb or it may be used with the Imperfect for an absolute or permanent prohibition. ֹלא תְִּרצָח you shall not kill (Ex 20:13) ֹלא תִּנְאָף you shall not commit adultery (Ex 20:14)

with) אַל The Imperfact can also be negated with This negative particle is used with .(אַל– Maqqef the Imperfect to express an immediate, specific and non-durative prohibition. אַל–תִּיָרא Do not fear! (Gen 15:1)

אַל–תִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶל–ִדּבְֵרי נְבִיאֵיכֶם Do not listen to the words of your prophets! (Jer 27:14)

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16a - Qal Imperfect: Weak ע/ח-II-guttural/III

Strong ע/ח-II-Guttural III

יְִקטֹליִשְׁלַחיִבְחַר 3ms

תְִּקטֹלתִּשְׁלַחתִּבְחַר 3fs

תְִּקטֹלתִּשְׁלַחתִּבְחַר 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתִּשְׁלְחִיתִּבְחֲִרי 2fs

אְֶקטֹלאֶשְׁלַחאֶבְחַר 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיִשְׁלְחוּיִבְחֲרוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּשְׁל.ַחְנָהתִּבְח.ְַרנָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתִּשְׁלְחוּתִּבְחֲרוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּשְׁל.ַחְנָהתִּבְח.ְַרנָה 2fp

נְִקטֹלנִשְׁלַחנִבְחַר 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16b - Qal Imperfect: Weak א-III

Strong א-III

יְִקטֹליִמְצָא 3ms

תְִּקטֹלתִּמְצָא 3fs

תְִּקטֹלתִּמְצָא 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתִּמְצְאִי 2fs

אְֶקטֹלאֶמְצָא 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיִמְצְאוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּמְצ.ֶאנָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתִּמְצְאוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּמְצ.ֶאנָה 2fp

נְִקטֹלנִמְצָא 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16c - Qal Imperfect: Weak ה-III

Strong ה-III

יְִקטֹליִבְנֶה 3ms

תְִּקטֹלתִּבְנֶה 3fs

תְִּקטֹלתִּבְנֶה 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתִּבְנִי 2fs

אְֶקטֹלאֶבְנֶה 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיִבְנוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּבְנֶ.ינָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתִּבְנוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּבְנֶ.ינָה 2fp

נְִקטֹלנִבְנֶה 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16d - Qal Imperfect: Weak I-guttural

I-Guttural I-Guttural Type 1 Type 2 Strong

יְִקטֹליַעֲמֹדיֶחֱזַק 3ms

תְִּקטֹלתַּעֲמֹדתֶּחֱזַק 3fs

תְִּקטֹלתַּעֲמֹדתֶּחֱזַק 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתַּעַמְִדיתֶּחֶזְִקי 2fs

אְֶקטֹלאֶעֱמֹדאֶחֱזַק 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיַעַמְדוּיֶחֶזְקוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתַּעֲ ֹמ.ְדנָהתֶּחֱזַ<ְקנָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתַּעַמְדוּתֶּחֶזְקוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתַּעֲ ֹמ.ְדנָהתֶּחֱזַ<ְקנָה 2fp

נְִקטֹלנַעֲמֹדנֶחֱזַק 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16e - Qal Imperfect: Weak א-I

א-I א-I Type 1 Type 2 Strong

יְִקטֹליֹאמַריֶאֱסֹר 3ms

תְִּקטֹלתֹּאמַרתֶּאֱסֹר 3fs

תְִּקטֹלתֹּאמַרתֶּאֱסֹר 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתֹּאמְִריתַּאַסְִרי 2fs

אְֶקטֹלאֹמַראֶאֱסֹר 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיֹאמְרוּיַאַסְרוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתֹּ ַאמ.ְרנָהתֶּאֱ ֹס.ְרנָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתֹּאמְרוּתַּאַסְרוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתֹּ ַאמ.ְרנָהתֶּאֱ ֹס.ְרנָה 2fp

נְִקטֹלנֹאמַרנֶאֱסֹר 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16f - Qal Imperfect: Weak biconsonantal classification

Qal Perfect 3ms Qal Imperfect 3ms Lexical Entry to arise קוּם he will arise יָקוּם he arose ָקם Class - וּ to place שִׂים he will place יָשִׂים he placed שָׂם Class - ִבי to enter בּוֹא he will enter יָבוֹא he entered בָּא Class - וֹ Chapter 16g - Qal Imperfect: Weak biconsonantal paradigms

Class וֹ Class ִבי Class וּ Strong בּוֹא שִׂים קוּם

יְִקטֹליָבוֹאיָשִׂיםיָקוּם 3ms

תְִּקטֹלתָּבוֹאתָּשִׂיםתָּקוּם 3fs

תְִּקטֹלתָּבוֹאתָּשִׂיםתָּקוּם 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתָּב.וֹאִיתָּ ִשׂ.ימִיתָּק.וּמִי 2fs

אְֶקטֹלאָבוֹאאָשִׂיםאָקוּם 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיָב.וֹאוּיָשׂ.ִימוּיָק.וּמוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתָּב.וֹאנָהתְּשִׂי ֶמ.ינָהתְּקוּמֶ.ינָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתָּב.וֹאוּתָּשׂ.ִימוּתָּק.וּמוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתָּב.וֹאנָהתְּשִׂי ֶמ.ינָהתְּקוּמֶ.ינָה 2fp

נְִקטֹלנָבוֹאנָשִׂיםנָקוּם 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16h - Qal Imperfect: Weak י-I

Type 2 Strong הָלְַך Type 1

יְִקטֹליִי ַרשׁיֵלְֵךיֵשֵׁב 3ms

תְִּקטֹלתִּיַרשׁתֵּלְֵךתֵּשֵׁב 3fs

תְִּקטֹלתִּיַרשׁתֵּלְֵךתֵּשֵׁב 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתִּיְרשִׁיתֵּלְכִיתֵּשְׁבִי 2fs

אְֶקטֹלאִיַרשׁאֵלְֵךאֵשֵׁב 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיִיְרשׁוּ יֵ ְלכוּיֵ ְשׁבוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּיַר.שְׁנָהתֵּלַ.כְנָהתֵּשַׁ.בְנָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתִּיְרשׁוּ תֵּלְכוּתֵּשְׁבוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּיַר.שְׁנָהתֵּלַ.כְנָהתֵּשַׁ.בְנָה 2fp

נְִקטֹלנִיַרשׁנֵ ֵלְךנֵ ֵשׁב 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16i - Qal Imperfect: Weak נ-I

Type 1 Type 2 Doubly Weak Strong

יְִקטֹליִנְחַליִסַּעיִ ֹּפל 3ms

תְִּקטֹלתִּנְחַלתִּסַּעתִּ ֹּפל 3fs

תְִּקטֹלתִּנְחַלתִּסַּעתִּ ֹּפל 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתִּנְחֲלִיתִּסְעִיתִּ ּפְלִי 2fs

אְֶקטֹלאֶנְחַלאֶסַּעאֶ ּפֹל 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיִנְחֲלוּיִסְעוּיִ ְּפלוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּנְח.ַלְנָהתִּסּ.ַעְנָהתִּ ֹּ.פלְנָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתִּנְחֲלוּתִּסְעוּתִּ ּפְלוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָהתִּנְח.ַלְנָהתִּסּ.ַעְנָהתִּ ֹּ.פלְנָה 2fp

נְִקטֹלנִנְחַלנִסַּענִ ּפֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 16j - Qal Imperfect: Weak summary

ה-III א-III ע/ח-II-Gutt III

יִבְנֶה יִמְצָאיִשְׁלַחיִבְחַר 3ms

תִּבְנֶה תִּמְצָאתִּשְׁלַחתִּבְחַר 3fs

תִּבְנֶה תִּמְצָאתִּשְׁלַחתִּבְחַר 2ms

תִּבְנִיתִּמְצְאִיתִּשְׁלְחִיתִּבְחֲִרי 2fs

אֶבְנֶה אֶמְצָאאֶשְׁלַחאֶבְחַר 1cs

יִבְנוּיִמְצְאוּיִשְׁלְחוּיִבְחֲרוּ 3mp

תִּבְנֶ<ינָהתִּמְצ.ֶאנָהתִּשְׁל.ַחְנָהתִּבְח.ְַרנָה 3fp

תִּבְנוּתִּמְצְאוּתִּשְׁלְחוּתִּבְחֲרוּ 2mp

תִּבְנֶ<ינָהתִּמְצ.ֶאנָהתִּשְׁל.ַחְנָהתִּבְח.ְַרנָה 2fp

נִבְנֶה נִמְצָאנִשְׁלַחנִבְחַר 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17a - Waw Conversive introduction

Converted verbal forms are used primarily to denote sequences of consecutive actions, either in the past, present or future.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17b - Waw Conversive basic form with imperfect

Qal Imperfect without Qal Imperfect with Waw Conversive Waw Conversive וַיִּשְׁמֹריִשְׁמֹר he will observe and he observed וַיִּזְכֹּריִזְכֹּר he will remember and he remembered

Imperfect with Waw Conversive וַיִּ ְקטֹל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17c - Waw Conversive imperfect strong verb paradigm

Imperfect with Waw Conversive and he killed וַיִּ ְקטֹל 3ms and she killed וַ ּתִקְטֹל 3fs and you killed וַ ּתִקְטֹל 2ms and you killed וַ ּתִ ְק ְטלִי 2fs and I killed וָאְֶקטֹל 1cs and they killed וַיִּ ְקטְלוּ 3mp and they killed וַ ִּת ְק ֹט.לְנָה 3fp and you killed וַ ּתִ ְקטְלוּ 2mp and you killed וַ ִּת ְק ֹט.לְנָה 2fp and we killed וַנִּ ְקטֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17d - Waw Conversive waw conversive and regular waw

Qal Imperfect with Qal Imperfect with Waw Conversive Regular Waw and he will kill וְיְִקטֹל וַיִּ ְקטֹל 3ms and she will kill וְתְִקטֹל וַ ּתִ ְקטֹל 3fs and you will kill וְתְִקטֹל וַ ּתִ ְקטֹל 2ms and you will kill וְתְִקטְלִי וַ ּתִ ְקטְלִי 2fs and I will kill וְאְֶקטֹל וָאְֶקטֹל 1cs and they will kill וְיְִקטְלוּ וַיִּ ְקטְלוּ 3mp and they will kill וְתְִקטֹ.לְנָה וַ ִּת ְק ֹט.לְנָה 3fp and you will kill וְתְִקטְלוּ וַ ּתִ ְקטְלוּ 2mp and you will kill וְתְִקטֹ.לְנָה וַ ִּת ְק ֹט.לְנָה 2fp and we will kill וְנְִקטֹל וַנִּ ְקטֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17e - Waw Conversive use of converted imperfect

1.A past tense narrative sequence may begin with a Perfect verb followed by any number of converted Imperfect verbs. וְהָאָדָם יַָדע אֶת–חַוָּה אִשְׁתּוֹ וַתַּהַר וַתֵּלֶד אֶת–ַקיִן And Adam knew Eve his wife, and then she conceived, and then she bore Cain (Gen 4:1).

2.A past tense narrative sequence may begin with the followed by Imperfect verbs with וַיְהִי temporal modifier Waw Conversive. וַיְהִי אַחֲֵרי מוֹת אַבְָרהָם וַיְבֶָרְך אֱֹלהִים אֶת–יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ And after the death of Abraham God blessed Isaac his son (Gen 25:11).

3.A past tense narrative sequence may begin with the converted Imperfect itself. וַיְִּקָרא אֶל–מֹשֶׁה וַיְַדבֵּר יְהוָה אֵלָיו מֵאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד And he called to Moses and Yahweh spoke to him from the tent of meeting (Lev 1:1).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17f - Waw Conversive changes in spelling

verbs (including י-and some I אָמַר verbs like א-With I .the stem vowel changes to Seghol ,(הָלְַך and he said וַיֹּ<אמֶר ➣ he will say יֹאמַר and he dwelt וַיֵּ<שֶׁב ➣ he will dwell יֵשֵׁב and he went וַיֵּ<לְֶך ➣ he will go יֵלְֵך verbs are “shortened” in ה-Biconsonantal and III converted Imperfect forms without a sufformative (except the 1cs). With Biconsonantal verbs, the medial drops ה verbs, the final ה-vowel letter is lost. With III off. and he rose up וַיָּ<קָם ➣ he will rise up יָקוּם and he set וַיָּ<שֶׂם ➣ he will set יָשִׂים and he built וַיִּ<בֶן ➣ he will build יִבְנֶה and he revealed וַיִּ<גֶל ➣ he will reveal יִגְלֶה

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17g - Waw Conversive basic form with perfect

Qal Perfect without Qal Perfect with Waw Conversive Waw Conversive וְשָׁמַרשָׁמַר he observed and he will observe וְזָכַרזָכַר he remembered and he will remember

Perfect with Waw Conversive וְקָטַל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17h - Waw Conversive perfect strong verb paradigm

Perfect with Waw Conversive and he will kill וְקָטַל 3ms and she will kill וְק,טְלָה 3fs and you will kill וְָקטַלְתָּ. 2ms and you will kill וְָקטַלְתְּ 2fs and I will kill וְָקטַלְתִּ.י 1cs and they will kill וְק,טְלוּ 3cp and you will kill וְּקטַלְתֶּם 2mp and you will kill וְּקטַלְתֶּן 2fp and we will kill וְָקטַלְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17i - Waw Conversive use of converted perfect

1. The future tense narrative sequence may begin with an Imperfect verb followed by any number of converted Perfect verbs. שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תַּעֲבֹד וְעָשִׂיתָ כָּל–מְלַאכְתֶָּך Six days you will labor and (you will) do all your work (Deut 5:13). may mark the beginning of וְהָיָה The temporal modifier .2 a future tense narrative sequence. וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וְשָׁבְַרתִּי אֶת–ֶקשֶׁת יִשְָׂראֵל And in that day I will break the bow of Israel (Hos 1:5).

3. The converted Perfect will frequently follow an Imperative verb and carry the full force of the initial Imperative.

עֲמֹד בְּשַׁעַר בֵּית יְהוָה וְקָָראתָ שָּׁם אֶת–הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה וְאָמְַרתָּ שִׁמְעוּ ְדבַר–יְהוָה Stand (Imperative) in the gate of Yahweh’s house and (you will) proclaim there this word and (you will) say, “Hear the word of Yahweh” (Jer 7:2).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 17j - Waw Conversive parsing

The parsing of converted verbal forms is just like the parsing of regular Perfect or Imperfect verbs except that you must identify the presence of the Waw Conversive. with Waw Conversive שָׁמַר Qal Imperfect 3ms וַיִּשְׁמֹר with Waw Conversive זָכַר Qal Perfect 3ms וְזָכַר

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18a - Qal Imperative introduction

Volitional Conjugations The term “volitional” describes those conjugations used, as a general rule, to express some type of command, wish or desire.

Imperative 2nd person volitional conjugation Cohortative 1st person volitional conjugation Jussive 3rd person volitional conjugation

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18b - Qal Imperative strong verb paradigm

Imperative Sufformative Translation !you) kill) ְקטֹל 2ms !you) kill) ִי לִקטְ ִלי 2fs !you) kill) וּ בִקטְלוּ 2mp !you) kill) בנָה ְקט.ֹלְנָה 2fp

Imperfect Subtract Imperative Form Preformative Form

ְקטֹל ➣ תִּ|ְקטֹל ➣ תְִּקטֹל 2ms

ִקטְלִי ➣ תִּ|ְקטְלִי ➣ תְִּקטְלִי 2fs

ִקטְלוּ ➣ תִּ|ְקטְלוּ ➣ תְִּקטְלוּ 2mp

ְֹקט.לְנָה ➣ תִּ| ְֹקט.לְנָה ➣ תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18c - Qal Imperative “lengthened” 2ms imperative

Lexical Regular Lengthened Form Imperative Imperative Translation !you (2ms) kill קָטְלָה ְקטֹלקָטַל !you (2ms) observe שָׁמְ ָרה שְׁמֹרשָׁמַר !you (2ms) judge שָׁפְטָה שְׁפֹטשָׁפַט

!you (2ms) listen שִׁמְעָה שְׁמַעשָׁמַע

The vowel in the first syllable of a lengthened is Qamets Hatuf קָטְלָה Imperative like

שִׁמְעָה It may also appear with Hireq as in

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18d - Qal Imperative נָא the particle

Imperatives (along with the other volitional conjugations) may be followed by the which can be translated as נָא particle “please” or simply left untranslated. שְׁמֹר נָא שְׁמָר–נָא

“observe!” or “please observe!”

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18e - Qal Imperative weak verbs: part 1

I-Guttural II-Guttural

בְּחַר ➣ תִּבְחַרחֲזַק ➣ תֶּחֱזַק 2ms בַּחֲִרי ➣ תִּבְחֲִריחִזְִקי ➣ תֶּחֶזְִקי 2fs בַּחֲרוּ ➣ תִּבְחֲרוּחִזְקוּ ➣ תֶּחֶזְקוּ 2mp בְּ ַח.ְרנָה ➣ תִּבְ ַח.ְרנָהחֲזַ.ְקנָה ➣ תֶּחֱזַ.ְקנָה 2fp

Type 2 א-Type 1 I א-I

אֱמֹר ➣ תֹּאמַראֱסֹר ➣ תֶּאֱסֹר 2ms אִמְִרי ➣ תֹּאמְִריאִסְִרי ➣ תַּאַסְִרי 2fs אִמְרוּ ➣ תֹּאמְרוּאִסְרוּ ➣ תַּאַסְרוּ 2mp אֱ ֹמ.ְרנָה ➣ תֹּ ַאמ.ְרנָהאֱסֹ.ְרנָה ➣ תֶּאֱ ֹס.ְרנָה 2fp

א-III ע/ח-III

מְצָא ➣ תִּמְצָאשְׁלַח ➣ תִּשְׁלַח 2ms מִצְאִי ➣ תִּמְצְאִישִׁלְחִי ➣ תִּשְׁלְחִי 2fs מִצְאוּ ➣ תִּמְצְאוּשִׁלְחוּ ➣ תִּשְׁלְחוּ 2mp מְצֶ.אנָה ➣ תִּמְ ֶצ.אנָהשְׁלַ.חְנָה ➣ תִּשְׁ ַל.חְנָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18f - Qal Imperative weak verbs: part 2

Geminate ה-III

סֹב ➣ תָּסֹבבְּנֵה ➣ תִּבְנֶה 2ms סֹ.בִּי ➣ תָּסֹ.בִּיבְּנִי ➣ תִּבְנִי 2fs ֹס.בּוּ ➣ תָּ ֹס.בּוּבְּנוּ ➣ תִּבְנוּ 2mp ֹס.בְנָה ➣ תְּסֻ ֶבּ.ינָהבְּנֶ<ינָה ➣ תִּבְנֶ<ינָה 2fp

Type 2 נ-Type 1 I נ-I

סַע ➣ תִּסַּענְפֹל ➣ תִּפֹּל 2ms סְעִי ➣ תִּסְעִינִפְלִי ➣ תִּפְּלִי 2fs סְעוּ ➣ תִּסְעוּנִפְלוּ ➣ תִּפְּלוּ 2mp סַ.עְנָה ➣ תִּ ַסּ.עְנָהנְפֹ.לְנָה ➣ תִּפֹּ.לְנָה 2fp

Type 2 י-Type 1 I י-I

ַרשׁ ➣ תִּיַרשׁ שֵׁב ➣ תֵּשֵׁב 2ms ְרשִׁי ➣ תִּיְרשִׁישְׁבִי ➣ תֵּשְׁבִי 2fs ְרשׁוּ ➣ תִּיְרשׁוּ שְׁבוּ ➣ תֵּשְׁבוּ 2mp ַר.שְׁנָה ➣ תִּיַר.שְׁנָהשֵׁ.בְנָה ➣ תֵּשַׁ.בְנָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18g - Qal Imperative biconsonantal verbs

שִׂים קוּם

שִׂים ➣ תָּשִׂים קוּם ➣ תָּקוּם 2ms ִשׂ.ימִי ➣ תָּ ִשׂ.ימִיק.וּמִי ➣ תָּק.וּמִי 2fs ִשׂ.ימוּ ➣ תָּ ִשׂ.ימוּ ק.וּמוּ ➣ תָּק.וּמוּ 2mp תְּשִׂ ֶימ.ינָהֹק.מְנָה ➣ תְּקוּמֶ.ינָה 2fp בּוֹא

בּוֹא ➣ תָּבוֹא 2ms בּ.וֹאִי ➣ תָּב.וֹאִי 2fs בּ.וֹאוּ ➣ תָּב.וֹאוּ 2mp תָּב.וֹאנָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18h - Qal Imperative irregular/doubly weak verbs

(to take) לַָקח (to give) נָתַן

ַקח ➣ תִַּקּחתֵּן ➣ תִּתֵּן 2ms ְקחִי ➣ תְִּקחִיתְּנִי ➣ תִּתְּנִי 2fs ְקחוּ ➣ תְִּקחוּ תְּנוּ ➣ תִּתְּנוּ 2mp ַק.חְנָה ➣ תִּ ַקּ.חְנָ ֵהתּ.נָּה ➣ תִּתֵּ.נָּה 2fp

(to be) הָיָה (to walk) הָלְַך

הֱיֵה ➣ תִּהְיֶהלְֵך ➣ תֵּלְֵך 2ms תִּהְיִילְכִי ➣ תֵּלְכִי 2fs הֱיוּ ➣ תִּהְיוּלְכוּ ➣ תֵּלְכוּ 2mp תִּהְיֶ<ינָ ֵהל.כְנָה ➣ תֵּ ַל.כְנָה 2fp

(to extend) נָטָה (to go up) עָלָה

נְטֵה ➣ תִּטֶּהעֲלֵה ➣ תַּעֲלֶה 2ms נְטִי ➣ תִּטִּיעֲלִי ➣ תַּעֲלִי 2fs נְטוּ ➣ תִּטּוּעֲלוּ ➣ תַּעֲלוּ 2mp נְטֶ.ינָה ➣ תִּטֶּ.ינָהעֲלֶ.ינָה ➣ תַּעֲלֶ.ינָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18i - Qal Cohortative the basics

The Cohortative occurs only in the first person, singular and plural. It is constructed by adding .to a first person form of the Imperfect ָבה is the diagnostic indicator of the בָה This final Cohortative conjugation.

Imperfect Cohortative אְֶקטְ ָלה = ָבה + אְֶקטֹל נְִקטְ ָלה = ָבה + נְִקטֹל

.May I observe your law אֶשְׁמְ ָרה תּוָֹרתְָך Let me observe your law.

.Let us make (cut) a covenant נִכְְרתָה בְִרית May we make (cut) a covenant.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18j - Qal Jussive the basics

The Jussive conjugation occurs primarily in the third person, singular and plural. With strong verbs, the form of the Jussive is the same as its corresponding Imperfect form. For may be translated as either “he יִכְתֹּב ,example will write” or “let him write.” The presence will suggest the Jussive נָא of the particle translation. יִזְכָּר–נָא הַמֶּלְֶך אֶת–יְהוָה Let the king remember Yahweh. (2 Sam 14:11) יִשְׁפֹּט יְהוָה בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶיָך May Yahweh judge between me and between you. (Gen 16:5) יִסְלַח יְהוָה לְעַבְֶדָּך May Yahweh forgive your servant . (2 Kgs 5:18)

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18k - Qal Jussive “short” forms

Short jussive forms occur only in the singular and only with selected types of weak verbs, .weak verbs ה-especially III

Perfect Imperfect Jussive (short) let him build יִ<בֶן he will build יִבְנֶה he built בָּנָה let him make יַ<עַשׂ he will make יַעֲשֶׂה he made עָשָׂה let him go up יַ<עַל he will go up יַעֲלֶה he went up עָלָה let him see ֵי<ֶרא he will see יְִראֶה he saw ָראָה

וְיִבֶן אֶת–בֵּית יְהוָה And let him build the house of Yahweh (Ezra 1:3). וַיֹּאמֶר אֱֹלהִים יְהִי אוֹר And God said, “let there be light” (Gen 1:3).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18l - Qal Jussive and Cohortative negation

.אַל Jussive and Cohortative verbs are negated with This construction expresses a negative wish or a mild- ֹלא er form of prohibition than that expressed by -is sometimes at נָא plus the Imperfect. The particle ,In most instances .(אַל–נָא) with Maqqef אַל tached to .נָא you do not need to translate the particle אַל–נָא נֹאבְדָה Do not let us perish. (Jonah 1:14) וְאַל–יִחַר אַפְָּך בְּעַבְֶדָּך Do not let your anger burn against your servant . (Gen 44:18)

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 18m - Qal Imperative, Cohortative and Jussive verbal sequences

1. Multiple Imperative verbs may occur in succession. Context will determine whether or not they are related consequentially or sequentially. עֲלֵה וְּקבֹר אֶת–אָבִיָך Go up and bury your father (Gen 50:6).

2. An Imperative verb may be followed by a Perfect verb with Waw Conversive. The Perfect verb may carry the full force of the preceding Imperative. לְֵך וְאָמְַרתָּ אֶל–עַבְִדּי Go and say to my servant (2 Sam 7:5).

3. An Imperative may be followed by an Imperfect or Cohortative, a construction that will create a purpose or result clause. The Imperfect will be marked with ”.and is translated as “so that וְ the conjunction ְרדוּ–שָׁמָּה וְשִׁבְרוּ–לָנוּ מִשָּׁם וְנִחְיֶה Go down there and buy grain for us from there so that we might live (Gen 42:2).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 19a Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs introduction

he will keep us יִשְׁמֹר אֹתָ.נוּ he will keep us יִשְׁמְ ֵרנוּ

he judged you שָׁפַט אֹתְָך he judged you שְׁפָטְָך

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 19b Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs review: type 1 suffixes

Type 1 Type 1 Objective Suffixes Alternate Translation me נִי ִבי 1cs you ָך 2ms you ְך 2fs (him (itהוּוֹ 3ms (her (it הָ ָהּ 3fs us נוּ 1cp you כֶם 2mp you כֶן 2fp themםהֶם 3mp themןהֶן 3fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 19c Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs on the qal perfect

Qal Perfect 3ms Translation he killed me ְקטָל.ַנִי 1cs he killed you ְקט>לְָך 2ms he killed you ְקטָלְֵך 2fs

(he killed him (it ְקטָלוֹ 3ms

(he killed her (it ְקטָלָהּ 3fs he killed us ְקטָל.ָנוּ 1cp he killed you ְקט>לְכֶם 2mp he killed you ְקט,לְכֶן 2fp he killed them ְקטָלָם 3mp he killed them ְקטָ ָלן 3fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 19d Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs spelling the qal perfect

Qal Perfect Qal Perfect Without Suffixes Before Suffixes

קְטָלקָטַל 3ms קְטָלַ.ת ק,טְלָה 3fs

קְטַלְ .תּ קָטַ.לְתָּ 2ms קְטַלְתִּ.יקָטַלְתְּ 2fs קְטַלְתִּ.יקָטַ.לְתִּי 1cs קְטָל.וּק,טְלוּ 3cp ְקטַלְתֶּם 2mp ְקטַלְתֶּן 2fp קְטַלְנ<וּקָטַ.לְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 19e Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs spelling the qal perfect: examples

she (it) found us מְצָאַ.תְנוּ ➣ נוּ +(מְצָאַ.ת) מ,צְאָה you knew him יְַדעְתּוֹ ➣ וֹ +(יְַדעְתּ.) יַָד.עְתָּ

(I gave her (it נְתַתִּ.יהָ ➣ הָ +(נְתַתִּ.י) נָתַ.תִּי they surrounded me סְבָבֻ.נִי ➣ נִי +(סְבָב.ֻ) ס,בְבוּ we knew them יְַדעֲנוּם ➣ ם +(יְַדעֲנ<וּ) יַָד.עְנוּ Chapter 19f Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs imperfect: nun-suffixes

Type 1 Nun- Suffix Suffix Example Translation he will capture you יִלְכְּ ֶד.ךָּ בֶ.ךָּ ָך 2ms he will capture him יִלְכְּ ֶד.נּוּ בֶ.נּוּ הוּ/וֹ 3ms he will capture her יִלְכְּ ֶד.נָּה בֶ.נָּההָ/ ָבהּ 3fs Chapter 19g Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs spelling the qal imperfect

Qal Imperfect Qal Imperfect Without Suffixes Before Suffixes

יְִקטְליְִקטֹל 3ms

תְִּקטְלתְִּקטֹל 3fs

תְִּקטְלתְִּקטֹל 2ms

תְִּקטְלִיתְִּקטְלִי 2fs

אְֶקטְלאְֶקטֹל 1cs

יְִקטְלוּיְִקטְלוּ 3mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 3fp

תְִּקטְלוּתְִּקטְלוּ 2mp

תִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp

נְִקטְלנְִקטֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 19h Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs spelling the qal imperfect: examples

and they buried him וַיְִּקבְֻּרהוּ ➣ הוּ + וַיְִּקבְּרוּ he will observe you יִשְׁמְָרָך ➣ ָך + יִשְׁמֹר he will send you יִשְׁלָחֲָך ➣ ָך + יִשְׁלַח he will see her יְִראֶ.נָּה ➣ בֶ.נָּה + יְִראֶה and he gave them וַיִּתְּנֵם ➣ ם + וַיִּתֵּן Chapter 19i Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs on imperatives

The suffixes used on the Imperative are the same as those used on the Imperfect. with) קָטְל is spelled ְקטֹל The Imperative 2ms form .1 Qamets Hatuf) before a pronominal suffix.

!You) observe them) שָׁמְֵרם ➣ ם + שְׁמֹר !You) judge me) שָׁפְטֵנִי ➣ נִי + שְׁפֹט both ,(ִקטְלוּ) and 2mp (ִקטְלִי) The Imperative 2fs .2 ending in a vowel, do not change.

!You) seize them) תִּפְשׂוּם ➣ ם + תִּפְשׂוּ !You) seek me) ִדְּרשׁוּנִי ➣ נִי + ִדְּרשׁוּ

(שְׁמַע) Imperatives with a Pathach stem vowel .3 lengthen Pathach to Qamets before pronominal suffixes.

!You) hear me) שְׁמָעֵנִי ➣ נִי + שְׁמַע !(You) redeem her (it) גְּאָ ָלהּ ➣ ָהּ + גְּאַל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 19j Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs parsing

When parsing verbs with pronominal suffixes, you will need to identify the verb and the person, gender and number of the suffix. with 2ms suffix נָתַן Qal Perfect 1cs נְתַתִּ.יָך with 3ms suffix לָכַד Qal Imperfect 3ms יִלְכְּ ֶד.נּוּ

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20a Qal Infinitive Construct basic form

The Infinitive Construct is not inflected for person, gender or number. There is one basic form and, therefore, no paradigm to memorize. The vowel pattern is consistent for all strong verbs and even for most weak verbs. Note that the basic form of the Qal Infinitive Construct is identical to the Qal .(ְקטֹל) Imperative 2ms

Infinitive Construct Strong Verb קְטֹל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20b Qal Infinitive Construct examples with weak verbs

Imperative Infinitive Infinitive 2ms Construct Translation to remember זְכֹרזְכֹר Strong to abandon עֲזֹבעֲזֹב I-Gutt to say אֱמֹראֱמֹר א-I to choose בְּחֹרבְּחַר II-Gutt to send שְׁלֹחַ שְׁלַח ח-III to hear שְׁמֹעַ שְׁמַע ע-III to call קְ א רְֹקָרא א-III

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20c Qal Infinitive Construct verbs: spelling ה-III verbs ends ה-The Infinitive Construct form of III בֶה Remember that Imperfect forms end in .וֹת in (except in those forms with sufformatives) and .(2ms)בֵה that Imperative forms end in

Verbal Endings ה-Summary of III

Ending Example Translation he will build יִבְנֶה ֶבה Imperfect !you (2ms) build בְּנֵה ֵבה Imperative to build, building בְּנוֹת וֹת Infinitive Construct

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20d Qal Infinitive Construct verbs: examples ה-III

Verbal Infinitive Root Construct Translation to build, building בְּנוֹת בָּנָה to weep, weeping בְּכוֹת בָּכָה to go up, going up עֲלוֹת עָלָה to answer, answering עֲנוֹת עָנָה to do, doing עֲשׂוֹת עָשָׂה to be, being הֱיוֹת הָיָה to see, seeing ְראוֹת ָראָה

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20e Qal Infinitive Construct verbs נ-I

Verbal Infinitive Alternate Root Construct Form ת with נ with סַ.עַתנְסֹעַ נָסַע גַּ.עַתנְגֹעַ נָגַע טַ.עַתנְטֹעַ נָטַע (שֵׂאת) שְׂאֵתנְשׂאנָשָׂא גֶּ.שֶׁתנָגַשׁ תֵּתנְתֹןנָתַן

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20f Qal Infinitive Construct verbs י-I

Verbal Infinitive Root Construct ֶשׁ.בֶתיָשַׁב ֶר.שֶׁתיַָרשׁ ֶל.ֶדתיָלַד ֶר.ֶדתיַָרד ַדּ.עַתיַָדע צֵאתיָצָא ֶל.כֶתהָלְַך

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20g Qal Infinitive Construct biconsonantal verbs

Verbal Infinitive Root Construct שׁוּב שׁוּב מוּת מוּת בּוֹא בּוֹא שׁוֹבּ שׁוֹבּ ִדּיןִדּין

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20h Qal Infinitive Construct with suffixes and prefixes

The Infinitive Construct can take pronominal suf- fixes that function as either the subject or object of the verbal idea. ָקטְלוֹ “his killing” or “killing him” may be לְ and כְּ ,בְּ The inseparable prepositions prefixed to the Infinitive Construct with a range of uses and translation values. כִּשְׁמֹר לִזְכֹּר in order to remember while observing

Both pronominal suffixes and prepositional pre- fixes can occur with the Infinitive Construct. כְּשָׁמְעוֹ when he hears/heard with שָׁמַע Qal Infinitive Construct of .and 3ms pronominal suffix כְּ preposition

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20i Qal Infinitive Construct negation

are not used to אַל and ֹלא The negative particles negate the Infinitive Construct. Rather, it is negat- meaning “not” or “in לְבִלְתִּי or בִּלְתִּי ed with order not.” לְבִלְתִּי ְקטֹל “in order not to kill” or “not to kill”

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 20j Qal Infinitive Construct five common uses

.to express purpose, intention or result לְ With .1 וְֹלא–נָתַן יְהוָה לָכֶם לֵב לַָדעַת וְעֵינַיִם לְִראוֹת וְאָזְנַיִם לִשְׁמֹעַ עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה But Yahweh has not given to you a heart to know or eyes to see or ears to hear until this day (Deut 29:3 [English 29:4]).

.(to denote an action about to take place (inceptive לְ With .2 וַיִַּקּח אֶת–הַמַּאֲכֶלֶת לִשְׁחֹט אֶת–בְּנוֹ

And he took the knife (in order) to slaughter his son (Gen 22:10).

.as a verbal noun לְ With or without .3 טוֹב לְהֹדוֹת לַיהוָה It is good to praise Yahweh (Ps 92:2). to explain, clarify or complement a preceding action לְ With or without .4 or statement (complementary). וְשָׁמְַרתָּ אֶת–מִצְוֹת יְהוָה אֱֹלהֶיָך לָלֶכֶת בְִּדָרכָיו And you shall observe the commandments of Yahweh your God by walking in his ways (Deut 8:6).

.in a temporal clause with or without pronominal suffixes כְּ or בְּ With .5 וַיְהִי בִּשְׁכֹּן יִשְָׂראֵל בָּאֶָרץ הַהִוא When (while) Israel dwelt in that land … (Gen 35:22).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 21a Qal Infinitive Absolute introduction

The Infinitive Absolute is not inflected for person, gender or number and so there is only one form to memorize. This form is easy to identify and varies little with weak verbal roots.

Infinitive Absolute Strong Verb קָטוֹל

1. The vowel pattern of the strong verb also occurs in most weak verb types.

2. Frequently, the Holem Waw stem vowel is .(קָטֹל) .written defectively as Holem

3. Unlike the Infinitive Construct, the Infinitive Absolute does not occur with prepositional prefixes or pronominal suffixes.

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 21b Qal Infinitive Absolute weak verbs

Qal Perfect Infinitive 3ms Absolute

הָלוְֹךהָלְַך I-Guttural עָבוֹרעָבַר I-Guttural אָכוֹלאָכַל א-I גָּאוֹלגָּאַל II-Guttural בָּחוֹרבָּחַר II-Guttural שָׁכוֹחַ שָׁכַח ח-III שָׁמוֹעַ שָׁמַע ע-III יָצוֹאיָצָא א-III נָפוֹלנָפַל נ-I יָדוֹעַ יַָדע י-I סָבוֹבסָבַב Geminate

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 21c Qal Infinitive Absolute and biconsonantal verbs ה-III

Verbal Root Infinitive Absolute

עָשׂוֹ or עָשֹׂה ➣ עָשָׂה שָׁתוֹ or שָׁתֹה ➣ שָׁתָה ָראוֹ or ָראֹה ➣ ָראָה חָיוֹ or חָיֹה ➣ חָיָה

Verbal Root Infinitive Absolute

בֹּא or בּוֹא ➣ בּוֹא שׂוֹם ➣ שִׂים קוֹם ➣ קוּם מוֹת ➣ מוּת

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 21d Qal Infinitive Absolute parsing

The Infinitive Absolute form is not inflected for person, gender or number. When parsing you are required to identify only stem, conjugation and lexical form.

הָלְַך Qal Infinitive Absolute הָלוְֹך מוּת Qal Infinitive Absolute מוֹת

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 21e Qal Infinitive Absolute usage

1. Emphatic. The Infinitive Absolute can precede or follow a Perfect or Imperfect verbal form of the same root in order to emphasize the verbal meaning. מוֹת תָּמוּת you (2ms) will certainly die (2 Kgs 1:16) 2. Imperatival. The Infinitive Absolute can stand by itself and function as an Imperative. שָׁמוֹר אֶת–יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת Observe the sabbath day! (Deut 5:12) 3. Contemporaneous Action. Two Infinitive Absolutes can be used together with a Perfect or Imperfect verb to express two verbal actions occurring simultaneously. וַיֵּלְֶך הָלוְֹך וְאָכֹל (literally) and he walked, walking and eating; (idiomatically) and he walked, eating as he went (Judg 14:9) 4. Complementary. The Infinitive Absolute can comple- ment the main verb of a sentence and carry the temporal value of that main verb. ָרגוֹם אֹתוֹ בָאֲבָנִים כָּל–הָעֵָדה All of the congregation shall stone him with stones (Num 15:35). Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 21f Qal Infinitive Absolute יֵשׁ the particle Hebrew can express the existence of someone or something by (which translates either “(there (יֶשׁ–) יֵשׁ using the particle is” or “(there) are.” יֵשׁ מֶ.לְֶך “there is a king” or “a king is” אָכֵן יֵשׁ יְהוָה בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה Surely the Lord is in this place (Gen 28:16). may also be used to express possession when followed יֵשׁ .(to) לְ by the preposition יֶשׁ–לִי תְִקוָה Literally: There is to me hope. Idiomatically: I have hope (Ruth 1:12). הֲיֵשׁ לָכֶם אָח Literally: Is there to you a brother? Idiomatically: Do you have a brother? (Gen 43:7)

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 21g Qal Infinitive Absolute

אֵין the particle

Hebrew may express the non-existence or absence of someone which translates (אַ.יִן) אֵין or something by using the particle either “(there) is not” or “(there) are not.” אֵין–יוֹסֵף בַּבּוֹר Joseph was not in the cistern (Gen 37:29). וְאֵין–ַדּעַת אֱֹלהִים בָּאֶָרץ (And) there is no knowledge of God in the land (Hos 4:1).

3ms) אֵינֶ<נּוּ can appear with pronominal suffixes as in אֵין 3mp) or it may be used to negate a) אֵינָם or 1cp) and verbless clause or sentences with Participles used predicatively. אֵינָם יְֵראִים אֶת–יְהוָה They do not fear the Lord (2 Kgs 17:34). אָמַר נָבָל בְּלִבּוֹ אֵין אֱֹלהִים (The) fool says in his heart, “There is no God” (Ps 53:2 [English 53:1]).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22a-Qal Participle active strong verb paradigm

The Participle inflects like an adjective, with both gender and number. It is not inflected for person. The inflection of the Participle should look familiar.

Singular Plural

ֹקטְ ִלים ֹקטֵל Masculine

ֹקטְלוֹת ֶֹקט. ֶלת Feminine

ֹקטְ ָלה Feminine

Singular Plural

ֹקטְ ִלים Masculine

ֹקטְלוֹת ֶֹקט. ֶלת Feminine

ֹקטְ ָלה Feminine

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22b-Qal Participle diagnostics

The Holem in the first syllable of all forms is diag- nostic of the Qal active Participle. It may also be The Holem will .(קוֹטֵל) written as Holem Waw not reduce (undergo propretonic reduction) with the additional of inflectional endings. The Holem- Tsere vowel pattern is distinctive of the masculine singular Qal active Participle.

Qal Active Participle Strong Verb קֹטֵל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22c-Qal Participle weak verbs: part 1

נ-I-Guttural I Singular Plural Singular Plural

נֹפְלִיםנֹפֵלעֹמְִדים עֹמֵד .Masc

נֹפְלוֹת נֹפֶ.לֶתעֹמְדוֹת עֹמֶ.ֶדת .Fem

נֹפְלָהעֹמְדָה .Fem

Geminate י-I Singular Plural Singular Plural

סֹבְבִיםסֹבֵביֹשְׁבִיםיֹשֵׁב .Masc

סֹבְבוֹת סֹ ֶב.בֶתיֹשְׁבוֹת יֹשֶׁ.בֶת .Fem

סֹבְבָהיֹשְׁבָה .Fem

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22d-Qal Participle weak verbs: part 2

ע/ח-II-Guttural III Singular Plural Singular Plural

שֹׁמְעִיםשֹׁמֵעַ בֹּחֲִרים בֹּחֵר .Masc

שֹׁמְעוֹת שֹׁמַ.עַתבֹּחֲרוֹת בֹּ ֶח.ֶרת .Fem

שֹׁמְעָהבֹּחֲָרה .Fem

א-III Singular Plural

מֹצְאִיםמֹצֵא .Masc

מֹצְאוֹת מֹ ֵצ.את .Fem

מֹצְאָה .Fem

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22e-Qal Participle weak verbs: part 3

Biconsonantal ה-III Singular Plural Singular Plural

ָקמִיםָקםבֹּנִיםבֹּנֶה .Masc

ָקמוֹת ָקמָהבֹּנוֹת בֹּנָה .Fem

בֹּנִיָּה .Fem

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22f-Qal Participle use of the qal active participle

Participles function just like adjectives.

1. Attributive Use. The Participle directly modifies a noun. The modifying Participle will follow the noun and agree in gender, number and definiteness. the people who dwell (who are הָעָם הַיֹּשֵׁב בָּאֶָרץ dwelling) in the land (Num 13:28) Yahweh your God is a consuming יְהוָה אֱֹלהֶיָך אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה fire (Deut 4:24).

2. Predicative Use. The Participle asserts something about the noun (with a form of the verb “to be”). The modifying Participle will agree with the noun in gender and number but not definiteness. The mountain was burning with הָהָר בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ fire (Deut 4:11). And Samuel was lying down וּשְׁמוּאֵל שֹׁכֵב בְּהֵיכַל in (the) temple (1 Sam 3:3).

3. Substantive Use. The Participle is used independently as a noun, indicating the “one who” performs a certain action. It may function as the subject or object of a verb; take a definite article; appear in a construct chain; or take pronominal suffixes and prepositional prefixes. you who dwell in the gardens הַיּוֹשֶׁבֶת בַּגַּנִּים (Song 8:13) and the one who keeps Israel וְֹלא יִישָׁן שׁוֹמֵר יִשְָׂראֵל will not sleep (Ps 121:4)

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22g-Qal Participle passive participle paradigm

The passive Participle inflects like an adjective, with both gender and number. It is not inflected for person.

Singular Plural

ְִקטוּלים קָטוּל Masculine

ְקטוּלוֹת ְָקטוּלה Feminine

Singular Plural

ֹקטְ ִלים Masculine

ֹקטְלוֹת ֹקט. ָבה Feminine

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22h-Qal Participle passive participle diagnostics

The diagnostic feature of the Qal passive Participle is the Qamets-Shureq vowel pattern. It may also .קָטֻל be spelled defectively with Qibbuts as in

Qal Passive Participle Strong Verb קָטוּל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22i-Qal Participle weak verbs opened פָּתוּחַ abandoned עָזוּב known יָדוּעַ hated שָׂנוּא planted נָטוּעַ asked שָׁאוּל cursed אָרוּר slaughtered שָׁחוּט advised יָעוּץ eaten אָכוּל

ה-III Singular Plural

בְּנוּיִיםבָּנוּי Masculine בְּנוּיוֹת בְּנוּיָה Feminine

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22j-Qal Participle use of the qal passive participle

Participles function just like adjectives.

1. Attributive Use. The passive Participle follows the noun it modifies and agrees in gender, number and definiteness. the covenant written in this book הַבְִּרית הַכְּתוּבָה בְּסֵפֶר (of the law (Deut 29:20 הַתּוָֹרה הַזֶּה And) he (re)built all of the broken) וַיִּבֶן אֶת–כָּל–הַחוֹמָה .(wall (2 Chr 32:5 הַפְּרוּצָה

2. Predicative Use. The passive Participle either precedes or follows the noun it modifies and agrees in gender and number only (not definiteness).

.(Blessed is Yahweh forever (Ps 89:53 בָּרוְּך יְהוָה לְעוֹלָם Cursed is the ground because of you אֲרוָּרה הָאֲדָמָה בַּעֲבוֶּרָך (Gen 3:17).

3. Substantive Use. Passive Participles can be used independently as nouns, indicating the “one who” performs a certain action. When a Participle is used substantively, it behaves just like a noun.

(And the one equipped (for battle וְהֶחָלוּץ יַעֲבֹר לִפְנֵי will pass before the ark of Yahweh אֲרוֹן יְהוָה (Josh 6:7).

And they will fall among the slain ones וְתַחַת הֲרוּגִים יִפֹּלוּ (Isa 10:4).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 22k-Qal Participle parsing

Like a verb, the Participle has stem and voice. Like an adjective, it is inflected for gender and number. When parsing you will be required to identify stem, conjugation (with voice), gender, number and lexical form.

יָשַׁב Qal Active Participle ms יֹשֵׁב

בַָּרְך Qal Passive Participle ms בָּרוְּך

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 23a-Sentence Syntax normal word order

In Hebrew, normal word order for a verbal sentence is verb-subject-object (vso)

o s v וַיִּזְכֹּר אֱֹלהִים אֶת–נֹחַ (And) God remembered Noah (Gen 8:1).

o s v וַיַּחֲֹלם יוֹסֵף חֲלוֹם (And) Joseph dreamed a dream (Gen 37:5).

o s v וַיְִּקָרא מֹשֶׁה אֶל–כָּל–יִשְָׂראֵל (And) Moses called to all Israel (Ex 24:16).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 23b-Sentence Syntax syntax of the verb

In the syntax of the verbal sentence, the verb is normally at the beginning, in first position.

וַיָָּקם מֶלְֶך–חָָדשׁ עַל–מִצְָריִם (And) a new king arose over Egypt (Ex 1:8).

בָּטַחְתִּי בְחֶסֶד–אֱֹלהִים עוֹלָם וָעֶד I trust in the steadfast love of God forever and ever (Ps 52:10 [English 52:8]).

שִׁירוּ לַיהוָה שִׁיר חָָדשׁ Sing to Yahweh a new song (Ps 96:1).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 23c-Sentence Syntax syntax of the verb

The verb may also be preceded by an adverb of time, an adverbial phrase, an expression that provides ,(וְהָיָה or וַיְהִי) behold), a temporal modifier) הִנֵּה context or circumstantial information, an independent personal pronoun for emphasis or a negative particle.

עַתָּה יַָדעְתִּי כִּי–גָדוֹל יְהוָה מִכָּל–הָאֱֹלהִים Now I know that Yahweh is greater than all gods (Ex 18:11). אַחַר הְַדּבִָרים הָאֵלֶּה הָיָה ְדבַר–יְהוָה אֶל–אַבְָרם After these things, the word of Yahweh came (was) to Abram (Gen 15:1). וְהִנֵּה נָפְלוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בֶּחֶָרב And behold, our fathers have fallen by the sword (2 Chr 29:9). וַיְהִי בִּהְיוֹתָם בַּשֶָּׂדה וַיָָּקם ַקיִן אֶל–הֶבֶל אָחִיו וַיַּהְַרגֵהוּ When they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel his brother and he killed him (Gen 4:8). אַל–תִּבְטְחוּ לָכֶם אֶל–ִדּבְֵרי הַשֶֶּׁקר Do not trust in deceptive words (Jer 7:4). וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ–לִי מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים And you will be to me a kingdom of priests (Ex 19:6).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 23d-Sentence Syntax syntax of the subject

In the syntax of the verbal sentence, the verb is normally followed immediately by its subject if one is specified. וַיֹּאמֶר הַנָּחָשׁ אֶל–הָאִשָּׁה The serpent said to the woman (Gen 3:4). וַיִּשְׁכֹּן כְּבוֹד–יְהוָה עַל–הַר סִינַי The glory of Yahweh dwelt upon Mount Sinai (Ex 24:16).

The verb may be preceded by its subject to emphasize that subject, though there are other reasons for this type of variation. יְהוָה יִמְֹלְך לְעֹלָם וָעֶד Yahweh will reign forever and ever (Ex 15:18).

וּמֹשֶׁה עָלָה אֶל–הָאֱֹלהִים And Moses went up to God (Ex 19:3).

וְנֹחַ מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה And Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh (Gen 6:8).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 23e-Sentence Syntax syntax of the object

1. The indirect object is usually marked with the preposition to, for) and may precede or follow the) אֶל– to, for) or) לְ direct object (if any). יַָדעְתִּי כִּי–נָתַן יְהוָה לָכֶם אֶת–הָאֶָרץ I know that Yahweh has given to you the land (Josh 2:9).

2. A direct object (if any) will frequently stand after the verb or its subject. It may precede or follow an indirect object.

בָָּרא אֱֹלהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאֶָרץ God created the heavens and the earth (Gen 1:1).

3. The verb may be preceded by its object to emphasize that object, though there are other reasons for this syntax. אֶת–יְהוָה אֱֹלהֶיָך תִּיָרא Yahweh your God you shall fear (Deut 10:20).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 23f-Sentence Syntax conditional sentences

A conditional sentence consists of two clauses. The first clause states the condition and is called the protasis (“if-clause”). The second clause states the consequence of the condition and is called the apodosis (“then- if) but) אִם clause”). The protasis will often begin with followed by a אֲשֶׁר or הֵן ,כִּי it may also begin with Perfect, Imperfect or Participle. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלֶיהָ בָָּרק אִם–תֵּלְכִי עִמִּי וְהָלָכְתִּי וְאִם–ֹלא תֵלְכִי עִמִּי ֹלא אֵלְֵך

Barak said to her, “If you will go with me, then I will go; but if you will not go with me, (then) I will not go” (Judg 4:8).

Condition (Protasis) Consequence (Apodosis) ”you will go” “then I will go (אִם) if“ ”you will not go” “(then) I will not go (אִם) but if“

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 23g-Sentence Syntax adverbs

Adverbs are generally divided into four categories: adverbs of time (then, now), place (here, there), degree (very, extremely) and manner (swiftly, gently).

1. Adverbs of Time. (now) עַתָּה עַתָּה יַָדעְתִּי כִּי–יְֵרא אֱֹלהִים אַתָּה Now I know that you fear God (Gen 22:12).

2. Adverbs of Place. (there) שָׁם וַיָּשֶׂם שָׁם אֶת–הָאָָדם אֲשֶׁר יָצָר And he placed there the man whom he had formed (Gen 2:8).

3. Adverbs of Degree. (continually) תָּמִיד עֵינַי תָּמִיד אֶל–יְהוָה My eyes are continually on the Lord (Ps 25:15).

4. Adverbs of Manner. (suddenly) פִּתְאֹם וַיָּבֹא אֲלֵיהֶם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פִּתְאֹם And Joshua came upon them suddenly (Josh 10:9).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 23h-Sentence Syntax disjunctive waw A disjunctive Waw is prefixed to a non-verbal form and is non- sequential, that is, it introduces some kind of break or interruption in the narrative. There are four basic uses.

1. Parenthetical. The disjunctive clause may interrupt the narrative flow in order to provide some explanatory information. ְוהֵם ֹלא יְָדעוּ כִּי שֹׁמֵעַ יוֹסֵף כִּי הַמֵּלִיץ בֵּינֹתָם Now they did not know that Joseph was understanding them because there was an interpreter between them (Gen 42:23).

2. Circumstantial. The disjunctive clause may introduce or identify circumstantial information that relates to the main action of the narrative. וַיְהִי כְּהַיּוֹם הַזֶּה וַיָּבֹא הַבַּיְתָה לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלַאכְתּוֹ וְאֵין אִישׁ מֵאַנְשֵׁי הַבַּיִת שָׁם בַּבָּיִת (And) one day, he went into the house to do his work and none of the household servants were there in the house (Gen 39:11).

3. Contrastive. The disjunctive Waw may introduce a contrastive idea and is often translated as “but.” וַיִּשַׁע יְהוָה אֶל–הֶבֶל וְאֶל–מִנְחָתוֹ וְאֶל–ַקיִן וְאֶל–מִנְחָתוֹ ֹלא שָׁעָה The Lord looked favorably on Abel and his offering but on Cain and his offering he did not look favorably (Gen 4:4b-5a).

4. Introductory. The disjunctive Waw may begin a new narrative or introduce a new idea or theme within a narrative. ְוהַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם מִכֹּל חַיַּת הַשֶָּׂדה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְהוָה אֱֹלהִים Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the creatures that the Lord God had made (Gen 3:1).

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 24a-Niphal Strong perfect

Niphal Perfect Strong Verb נְִקטַל

Qal Niphal Translation he was killed נְִקטַלקָטַל 3ms she was killed נְִקטְלָהק, ְטלָה 3fs you were killed נְִקטַ.לְתָּ קָטַ.לְתָּ 2ms you were killed נְִקטַלְתְּ ָקטַלְתְּ 2fs I was killed נְִקט.ַלְתִּיקָטַ.לְתִּי 1cs they were killed נְִקטְלוּק, ְטלוּ 3cp you were killed נְִקטַלְ ם תֶּ ְַקטלְתֶּם 2mp you were killed נְִקטַלְ ן תֶּ ְַקטלְתֶּן 2fp we were killed נְִקטַ.לְנוּקָטַ.לְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 24b-Niphal Strong imperfect

Niphal Imperfect Strong Verb יִקָּטֵל

Qal Niphal Translation he will be killed יִקָּטֵליְִקטֹל 3ms she will be killed תִּקָּטֵלתְִּקטֹל 3fs you will be killed תִּקָּטֵלתְִּקטֹל 2ms you will be killed תִּקּ,טְלִיתְִּקטְלִי 2fs I will be killed אֶקָּטֵלאְֶקטֹל 1cs they will be killed יִקּ,טְלוּיְִקטְלוּ 3mp they will be killed תִּקָּ ַט.לְנָהתִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 3fp you will be killed תִּקּ,טְלוּתְִּקטְלוּ 2mp you will be killed תִּקָּ ַט.לְנָהתִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp we will be killed נִקָּטֵלנְִקטֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 24c-Niphal Strong imperative

Niphal Imperative Strong Verb הִקָּטֵל

Qal Niphal Translation

!be killed הִקָּטֵל ְקטֹל 2ms

!be killed הִקּ,טְלִי ִקטְלִי 2fs

!be killed הִקּ,טְלוּ ִקטְלוּ 2mp

!be killed הִקָּטַ.לְנָה ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 24d-Niphal Strong infinitive

Niphal Infinitive Construct הִקָּטֵל

Niphal Infinitive Absolute נְִקטוֹל הִקָּטוֹל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 24e-Niphal Strong participle

Niphal Participle Strong Verb נְִקטָל

Qal Niphal Translation being killed נִ ל ְקטָֹקטֵל ms being killed נִ ְֶקט.לֶת ֶֹקט.לֶת fs being killed נְִקטָלִים ֹקטְלִים mp being killed נְִקטָלוֹת ֹקטְלוֹת fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 24f-Niphal Strong conjugation summary Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute נְִקטָל נְִקטוֹל הִקָּטֵל הִקָּטֵליִקָּטֵל נְִקטַל הִקָּטוֹל נְִקטָלנְִקטוֹל הִָקּטֵלהִָקּטֵליִָקּטֵלנְִקטַל נִ ְֶקט.לֶתהִָקּטוֹל הִקּ,טְלִיתִָּקּטֵלנְִקטְלָה נְִקטָלִיםהִקּ,טְלוּתִָּקּטֵלנְִקטַ.לְתָּ נְִקטָלוֹת הִָקּטַ.לְנָהתִּקּ,טְלִינְִקטַלְתְּ אֶָקּטֵלנִ ְַקט.לְתִּי יִקּ,טְלוּנְִקטְלוּ תִָּקּ ַט.לְנָהנְִקטַלְתֶּם תִּקּ,טְלוּנְִקטַלְתֶּן תִָּקּ ַט.לְנָהנְִקטַ.לְנוּ נִָקּטֵל Chapter 25 - Niphal Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

נְִקטָל נְִקטוֹל הִקָּטֵל הִקָּטֵליִקָּטֵל נְִקטַל Strong הִקָּטוֹל

נֶעֱזָב נַעֲזוֹב הֵעָזֵב הֵעָזֵביֵעָזֵב נֶעֱזַב I-Gutt הֵעָזוֹב

נִמְצָא נִמְצוֹא הִ ָּמצֵא הִ ָּמצֵאיִ ָּמצֵא נִמְצָא א-III

נִבְנֶה נִבְ ֹנה הִבָּנוֹת הִבָּנֵה יִבָּנֶה נִבְנָה ה-III הִבָּנֵה נִבְנֵ<יתָ

נִ ָצּל הִנָּצֵל הִנָּצֵל הִנָּצֵליִנָּצֵל נִ ַצּל נ-I נִצ ּוֹל

נוֹ ָשׁב הִוָּשֵׁב הִוָּשֵׁ ִביוָּשֵׁב נוֹשַׁב י-I

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 26a-Piel Strong perfect

Piel Perfect Strong Verb קִ ֵּטל

Qal Piel Translation he slaughtered קִ ֵּטלקָטַל 3ms she slaughtered קִ ְּטלָהק, ְטלָה 3fs you slaughtered קִ ַּ.טלְתָּ קָטַ.לְתָּ 2ms you slaughtered קִ ַּטלְתְּ ָקטַלְתְּ 2fs I slaughtered קִ ַּ.טלְתִּיקָטַ.לְתִּי 1cs they slaughtered קִ ְּטלוּק, ְטלוּ 3cp you slaughtered קִ ַּטלְ ם תֶּ ְַקטלְתֶּם 2mp you slaughtered קִ ַּטלְ ן תֶּ ְַקטלְתֶּן 2fp we slaughtered קִ ַּ.טלְנוּקָטַ.לְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 26b-Piel Strong imperfect

Piel Imperfect Strong Verb יְקַ ֵּטל

Qal Piel Translation he will slaughter יְקַ ֵּטליְִקטֹל 3ms she will slaughter תְּקַ ֵּטלתְִּקטֹל 3fs you will slaughter תְּקַ ֵּטלתְִּקטֹל 2ms you will slaughter תְּקַ ְּטלִיתְִּקטְלִי 2fs I will slaughter אֲקַ ֵּטלאְֶקטֹל 1cs they will slaughter יְקַ ְּטלוּיְִקטְלוּ 3mp they will slaughter תְּקַ ֵּ.טלְנָהתִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 3fp you will slaughter תְּקַ ְּטלוּתְִּקטְלוּ 2mp you will slaughter תְּקַ ֵּ.טלְנָהתִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp we will slaughter נְקַ ֵּטלנְִקטֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 26c-Piel Strong imperative

Piel Imperative Strong Verb קַ ֵּטל

Qal Piel Translation

!you) slaughter) קַ ֵּטלתְַּקטֵּל 2ms

!you) slaughter) קַ ְּטלִיתְַּקטְּלִי 2fs

!you) slaughter) קַ ְּטלוּתְַּקטְּלוּ 2mp

!you) slaughter) קַ ֵּ.טלְנָהתְּ ֵַקטּ.לְנָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 26d-Piel Strong infinitive

Piel Infinitive Construct קַ ֵּטל

Piel Infinitive Absolute קַ ֵּטל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 26e-Piel Strong participle

Piel Participle Strong Verb מְקַ ֵּטל

Qal Piel Translation slaughtering מְקַ ֵל ּטֹקטֵל ms slaughtering מְקַ ּ.ֶט ֶת ל ֶֹקט.לֶת fs slaughtering מְקַ ְּט ִיםל ֹקטְלִים mp slaughtering מְקַ ְּטלוֹת ֹקטְלוֹת fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 26f-Piel Strong conjugation summary

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute מְקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטליְקַ ֵּטלקִ ֵּטל מְַקטֵּל ַקטֵּל ַקטֵּל ַקטֵּליְַקטֵּל ִקטֵּל מְ ֶַקטּ.לֶת ַקטְּלִיתְַּקטֵּל ִקטְּלָה מְַקטְּלִים ַקטְּלוּתְַּקטֵּל ִַקטּ.לְתָּ מְַקטְּלוֹת ֵַקטּ.לְנָהתְַּקטְּלִי ִקטַּלְתְּ אֲַקטֵּל ִַקטּ.לְתִּי יְַקטְּלוּ ִקטְּלוּ תְּ ֵַקטּ.לְנָה ִקטַּלְתֶּם תְַּקטְּלוּ ִקטַּלְתֶּן תְּ ֵַקטּ.לְנָה ִקטַּ.לְנוּ נְַקטֵּל Chapter 27 - Piel Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

מְקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטליְקַ ֵּטלקִ ֵּטל Strong

מְשַׁ ֵלּחַ שַׁ ֵלּחַ שַׁ ַלּחשַׁ ַלּחיְשַׁ ַלּחשִׁ ַלּח ע/ח-III

מְמַצֵּאמַצֵּאמַצֵּאמַצֵּאיְמַצֵּאמִצֵּא א-III מַצֹּא

1 מְגַ ֶלּה גַּ ֵלּה גַּלּוֹת גַּ ֵלּה יְגַ ֶלּה גִּ ָלּה ה-III גִּלִּ.יתָ

מְהַ ֵלּלהַ ֵלּלהַ ֵלּלהַ ֵלּליְהַ ֵלּלהִ ֵלּל Geminate

מְנַחֵםנַחֵםנַחֵםנַחֵםיְנַחֵםנִחַם II-Gutt2

מְבֵָרְךבֵָּרְךבֵָּרְךבֵָּרְךיְבֵָרְךבֵֵּרְך II-Gutt3

1 3ms only 2 virtual doubling Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt א compensatory lengthening 3 Chapter 28a-Pual Strong perfect

Pual Perfect Strong Verb ֻק ַּטל

Qal Pual Translation he slaughtered ֻק ּל ַטִקטֵּל 3ms she slaughtered ֻק ְּטלָה ִקטְּלָה 3fs you slaughtered ֻק ַּ.טלְתָּ ִַקטּ.לְתָּ 2ms you slaughtered ֻק ַּטלְתְּ ִקטַּלְתְּ 2fs I slaughtered ֻק ַּ.טלְתִּי ִַקטּ.לְתִּי 1cs they slaughtered ֻק ְלוּּט ִקטְּלוּ 3cp you slaughtered ֻק ַּטלְתֶּם ִקטַּלְתֶּם 2mp you slaughtered ֻק ַּטלְתֶּן ִקטַּלְתֶּן 2fp we slaughtered ֻק ַּ.טלְנוּ ִקטַּ.לְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 28b-Pual Strong imperfect

Pual Imperfect Strong Verb יְ ֻק ַּטל

Qal Pual Translation he will slaughter יְ ֻק ַּטליְַקטֵּל 3ms she will slaughter תְּ ֻק ַּטלתְַּקטֵּל 3fs you will slaughter תְּ ֻק ַּטלתְַּקטֵּל 2ms you will slaughter תְּ ֻק ְּט ִליתְַּקטְּלִי 2fs I will slaughter אֲ ֻק ַּטלאֲַקטֵּל 1cs they will slaughter יְ ֻק ְּטלוּיְַקטְּלוּ 3mp they will slaughter תְּ ֻק ּ.ַט ְלנָהתְּ ֵַקטּ.לְנָה 3fp you will slaughter תְּ ֻק ְּטלוּתְַּקטְּלוּ 2mp you will slaughter תְּ ֻק ּ.ַט ְלנָהתְּ ֵַקטּ.לְנָה 2fp we will slaughter נְ ֻק ַּטלנְַקטֵּל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 28c-Pual Strong participle

Pual Participle Strong Verb מְ ֻק ַּטל

Qal Pual Translation slaughtering מְ ֻק ַּטלמְַקטֵּל ms slaughtering מְ ֻק ּ.ֶט ֶלתמְ ֶַקטּ.לֶת fs slaughtering מְ ֻק ְּט ִליםמְַקטְּלִים mp slaughtering מְ ֻק ְּטלוֹתמְַקטְּלוֹת fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 28d-Pual Strong conjugation summary

Perfect Imperfect Participle מְקֻ ַּטליְקֻ ַּטלקֻ ַּטל מְֻקטָּליְֻקטַּל ֻקטַּל מְֻקטֶּ.לֶתתְֻּקטַּל ֻקטְּלָה מְֻקטָּלִיםתְֻּקטַּל ֻקטַּ.לְתָּ מְֻקטָּלוֹתתְֻּקטְּלִי ֻקטַּלְתְּ אֲֻקטַּל ֻקטַּ.לְתִּי יְֻקטְּלוּ ֻקטְּלוּ תְֻּקטַּ.לְנָה ֻקטַּלְתֶּם תְֻּקטְּלוּ ֻקטַּלְתֶּן תְֻּקטַּ.לְנָה ֻקטַּ.לְנוּ נְֻקטַּל Chapter 29 - Pual Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Participle

מְ ֻק ָּטליְ ֻק ַּט ֻלק ּטַל Strong

מְמֻצָּאיְמֻצָּאמֻצָּא א-III

מְגֻ ֶלּה יְגֻ ֶלּה גֻּ ָלּה ה-III גֻּלֵּ.יתָ

מְנֻחָםיְנֻחַםנֻחַם II-Gutt1

מְבָֹרְךיְבַֹרְךבַֹּרְך II-Gutt2

1 virtual doubling Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א compensatory lengthening 2 Chapter 30a-Hiphil Strong perfect

Hiphil Perfect Strong Verb

הְִקטַ.לְתָּ or הְִקטִיל

Qal Hiphil Translation he caused to kill הִ ְִקטילקָטַל 3ms she caused to kill הְִקט.ִילָהק, ְטלָה 3fs you caused to kill הְִקטַ.לְתָּ קָטַ.לְתָּ 2ms you caused to kill הְִקטַלְתְּ ָקטַלְתְּ 2fs I caused to kill הְִקטַ.לְתִּיקָטַ.לְתִּי 1cs they caused to kill הְִקטִ.ילוּק, ְטלוּ 3cp you caused to kill הְִקטַלְ ם תֶּ ְַקטלְתֶּם 2mp you caused to kill הְִקטַלְ ן תֶּ ְַקטלְתֶּן 2fp we caused to kill הְִקטַ.לְנוּקָטַ.לְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 30b-Hiphil Strong imperfect

Hiphil Imperfect Strong Verb יַ ְקטִיל

Qal Hiphil Translation he will cause to kill יַ ְִקטיליְִקטֹל 3ms she will cause to kill תַּ ְִקטילתְִּקטֹל 3fs you will cause to kill תַּ ְִקטילתְִּקטֹל 2ms you will cause to kill תְַּקט.ִילִיתְִּקטְלִי 2fs I will cause to kill אַ ְִקטילאְֶקטֹל 1cs they will cause to kill יַקְטִ.ילוּיְִקטְלוּ 3mp they will cause to kill תְַּקט.ֵלְנָהתִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 3fp you will cause to kill תְַּקטִ.ילוּתְִּקטְלוּ 2mp you will cause to kill תְַּקט.ֵלְנָהתִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp we will cause to kill נַ ְִקטילנְִקטֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 30c-Hiphil Strong imperative

Hiphil Imperative Strong Verb

הְַקטִ.ילִי or הְַקטֵל

Qal Hiphil Translation

!cause to kill הַ ל ְקטְֵקטֹל 2ms

!cause to kill הְַקטִ.י י לִִקטְלִי 2fs

!cause to kill הְַקטִ. לוּי ִקטְלוּ 2mp

!cause to kill הְַקטֵ.לְנָה ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 30d-Hiphil Strong infinitive

Hiphil Infinitive Construct הְַקטִיל

Hiphil Infinitive Absolute הְַקטֵל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 30e-Hiphil Strong participle

Hiphil Participle Strong Verb מְַקטִיל

Qal Hiphil Translation causing to kill מַ ְִקט ל יֹקטֵל ms causing to kill מְַקטֶ. ת לֶ ֶֹקט.לֶת fs causing to kill מְַקטִי יםלִ ֹקטְלִים mp causing to kill מְַקטִילוֹת ֹקטְלוֹת fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 30f-Hiphil Strong conjugation summary Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute מַ ְִקטיל הְַקטֵל הַ ְִקטיל הְַקטֵליַ ְִקטיל הִ ְִקטיל הְַקטִ.ילִי הְִקטַ.לְתָּ מְַקטִילהְַקטֵלהְַקטִילהְַקטֵליְַקטִילהְִקטִיל מְַקטֶ.לֶתהְַקטִ.ילִיתְַּקטִילהִ ְִקט.ילָה מְַקטִילִיםהְַקטִ.ילוּ תְַּקטִילהְִקטַ.לְתָּ מְַקטִילוֹתהְַקטֵ.לְנָהתְַּקט.ִילִיהְִקטַלְתְּ אְַקטִילהְִקטַ.לְתִּי יְַקטִ.ילוּהְִקטִ.ילוּ תַּ ְֵקט.לְנָההְִקטַלְתֶּם תְַּקטִ.ילוּהְִקטַלְתֶּן תַּ ְֵקט.לְנָההְִקטַ.לְנוּ נְַקטִיל Chapter 31 - Hiphil Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

מְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל הְַקטִיל הְַקטֵליְַקטִיל הְִקטִיל Strong הְַקטִ.ילִי הְִקטַ.לְתָּ

מַעֲמִיד הַעֲמֵד הַעֲמִיד הַעֲמֵדיַעֲמִיד הֶעֱמִיד I-Gutt הַעֲמ.ִיִדי הֶעֱמַ.ְדתָּ

מַשְׁ ִליחַ הַשְׁלֵחַ הַשְׁ ִליחַ הַשְׁלַחיַשְׁ ִליחַ הִשְׁ ִליחַ ע/ח-III הַשְׁלִ.יחִי הִשְׁלַ.חְתָּ

מַמְ ִציא הַמְצֵא הַמְ ִציא הַמְצֵאיַמְ ִציא הִמְ ִציא א-III הַמְצ.ִיאִי הִמְצֵ.אתָ

מַגְ ֶלה הַגְ ֵלה הַגְלוֹת הַגְ ֵלה יַגְ ֶלה הִגְ ָלה ה-III הִגְלִ.יתָ

מַצִּיל הַצֵּל הַצִּיל הַצֵּליַצִּיל הִצִּיל נ-I הַצִ.ּילִי הִצַ.ּלְתָּ

מוֹשִׁיב הוֹשֵׁב הוֹשִׁיב הוֹשֵׁביוֹשִׁיב הוֹשִׁיב י-I הוֹשִׁ.יבִי הוֹשַׁ.בְתָּ

מֵקִים הָקֵם הָקִים הָקֵםיָקִים הֵקִים Bicon הָקִ.ימִי הֲקִימ.וֹתָ Chapter 32a-Hophal Strong perfect

Hophal Perfect Strong Verb

הְָקטַל or הְֻקטַל

Hophal Hophal u-class o-class

הְָקטַל הְֻקטַל 3ms הְָקטְלָה הְֻקטְלָה 3fs הְָקט.ַלְתָּ הְֻקט.ַלְתָּ 2ms הְָקטַלְתְּ הְֻקטַלְתְּ 2fs הְָקט.ַלְתִּי הְֻקט.ַלְתִּי 1cs הְָקטְלוּ הְֻקטְלוּ 3cp הְָקטַלְתֶּם הְֻקטַלְתֶּם 2mp הְָקטַלְתֶּן הְֻקטַלְתֶּן 2fp הְָקט.ַלְנוּ הְֻקט.ַלְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 32b-Hophal Strong imperfect

Hophal Imperfect Strong Verb

יָקְטַל or יְֻקטַל

Hophal Hophal u-class o-class יְָקטַליְֻקטַל 3ms תְָּקטַלתְֻּקטַל 3fs תְָּקטַלתְֻּקטַל 2ms תְָּקטְלִיתְֻּקטְלִי 2fs אְָקטַלאְֻקטַל 1cs יְָקטְלוּיְֻקטְלוּ 3mp תְָּקטַ.לְנָהתְֻּקטַ.לְנָה 3fp תְָּקטְלוּתְֻּקטְלוּ 2mp תְָּקטַ.לְנָהתְֻּקטַ.לְנָה 2fp נָקְטַלנֻקְטַל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 32c-Hophal Strong participle

Hophal Participle Strong Verb

מְָקטָל or מְֻקטָל

Hophal Hophal u-class o-class

מְָקטָל מְֻקטָל ms

מְָקטֶ.לֶת מְֻקטֶ.לֶת fs

מְָקטָלִים מְֻקטָלִים mp

מְָקטָלוֹת מְֻקטָלוֹת fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 32d-Hophal Strong conjugation summary Perfect Imperfect Participle u-class o-class u-class o-class u-class o-class מְָקטָל מְֻקטָל יְָקטַל יְֻקטַל הְָקטַל הְֻקטַל מְָקטָלמְֻקטָליְָקטַליְֻקטַלהְָקטַלהְֻקטַל מְָקטֶ.לֶתמְֻקטֶ.לֶתתְָּקטַלתְֻּקטַלהְָקטְלָההְֻקטְלָה מְָקטָלִיםמְֻקטָלִיםתְָּקטַלתְֻּקטַלהָ ְַקט.לְתָּ הֻ ְַקט.לְתָּ מְָקטָלוֹת מְֻקטָלוֹת תְָּקטְלִיתְֻּקטְלִיהְָקטַלְתְּ הְֻקטַלְתְּ אְָקטַלאְֻקטַלהָ ְַקט.לְתִּיהֻ ְַקט.לְתִּי יְָקטְלוּיְֻקטְלוּהְָקטְלוּהְֻקטְלוּ תְָּקטַ.לְנָהתְֻּקטַ.לְנָההְָקטַלְתֶּםהְֻקטַלְתֶּם תְָּקטְלוּתְֻּקטְלוּהְָקטַלְתֶּןהְֻקטַלְתֶּן תְָּקטַ.לְנָהתְֻּקטַ.לְנָההָ ְַקט.לְנוּהֻ ְַקט.לְנוּ נְָקטַלנְֻקטַל Chapter 33 - Hophal Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Participle

מְֻקטָליְֻקטַל הְֻקטַל (Strong (u

מְָקטָליְָקטַל הְָקטַל (Strong (o

מָעֳמָדיָעֳמַד הָעֳמַד I-Gutt

מָגְ ֶלה יָגְ ֶלה הָגְ ָלה ה-III

מֻצָּליֻצַּל הֻצַּל נ-I

מוּשָׁביוּשַׁב הוּשַׁב י-I

מוּקָםיוּקַם הוּקַם Bicon

מוּסָביוּסַב הוּסַב Geminate

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 33 - Hophal Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Participle

מְֻקטָליְֻקטַל הְֻקטַל (Strong (u

מְָקטָליְָקטַל הְָקטַל (Strong (o

מָעֳמָדיָעֳמַד הָעֳמַד I-Gutt

מָגְ ֶלה יָגְ ֶלה הָגְ ָלה ה-III

מֻצָּליֻצַּל הֻצַּל נ-I

מוּשָׁביוּשַׁב הוּשַׁב י-I

מוּקָםיוּקַם הוּקַם Bicon

מוּסָביוּסַב הוּסַב Geminate

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 34a-Hithpael Strong perfect

Hithpael Perfect Strong Verb הִתְקַ ֵּטל

Qal Hithpael Translation he killed himself הִתְקַ ּטֵלקָטַל 3ms she killed herself הִתְקַ ּטְ ָלהק, ְטלָה 3fs you killed yourself הִתְקַ ַּ.ט ְלתָּ קָטַ.לְתָּ 2ms you killed yourself הִתְקַ ַּט ְלתְּ ָקטַלְתְּ 2fs I killed myself הִתְקַ ַּ.ט ְלתִּיקָטַ.לְתִּי 1cs they killed themselves הִתְקַ ְּטלוּק, ְטלוּ 3cp you killed yourselves הִתְקַ ַּט ְל ם תֶּ ְַקטלְתֶּם 2mp you killed yourselves הִתְקַ ַּט ְל ן תֶּ ְַקטלְתֶּן 2fp we killed ourselves הִתְקַ ּ.ַט ְלנוּקָטַ.לְנוּ 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 34b-Hithpael Strong imperfect

Hithpael Imperfect Strong Verb יִתְקַ ֵּטל

Qal Hithpael Translation he will kill himself יִתְקַ ֵּטליְִקטֹל 3ms she will kill herself תִּתְקַ ֵּטלתְִּקטֹל 3fs you will kill yourself תִּתְקַ ֵּטלתְִּקטֹל 2ms you will kill yourself תִּתְקַ ְּט ִליתְִּקטְלִי 2fs I will kill myself אֶתְקַ ֵּטלאְֶקטֹל 1cs they will kill themselves יִתְקַ ְּטלוּיְִקטְלוּ 3mp they will kill themselves תִּתְקַ ֵּ.ט ְלנָהתִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 3fp you will kill yourselves תִּתְקַ ְּטלוּתְִּקטְלוּ 2mp you will kill yourselves תִּתְקַ ֵּ.ט ְלנָהתִּ ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp we will kill ourselves נִתְקַ ֵּטלנְִקטֹל 1cp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 34c-Hithpael Strong imperative

Hithpael Imperative Strong Verb הִתְקַ ֵּטל

Qal Hithpael Translation

!kill yourself הִתְקַ ֵּל טְקטֹל 2ms

!kill yourself הִתְקַ ּטְ ִי לִקטְלִי 2fs

!kill yourselves הִתְקַ ּטְלוּ ִקטְלוּ 2mp

!kill yourselves הִתְקַ ּ.ֵט ְלנָה ְֹקט.לְנָה 2fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 34d-Hithpael Strong infinitive

Hithpael Infinitive Construct הִתְקַ ֵּטל

Hithpael Infinitive Absolute הִתְקַ ֵּטל

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 34e-Hithpael Strong participle

Hithpael Participle Strong Verb מִתְקַ ּטֵל

Qal Hithpael

מִתְקַ ּל טֵֹקטֵל ms

מִתְקַ ּ.ֶט ֶת ל ֶֹקט.לֶת fs

מִתְקַ ְּט ִיםל ֹקטְלִים mp

מִתְקַ ּטְלוֹת ֹקטְלוֹת fp

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 34f-Hithpael Strong conjugation summary Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute מִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל יִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל מִתְַקטֵּלהִתְַקטֵּלהִתְַקטֵּלהִתְַקטֵּליִתְַקטֵּלהִתְַקטֵּל מִתְ ֶַקטּ.לֶתהִתְַקטְּלִיתִּתְַקטֵּלהִתְַקטְּלָה מִתְַקטְּלִיםהִתְַקטְּלוּתִּתְַקטֵּלהִתְַקטַּ.לְתָּ מִתְַקטְּלוֹת הִתְ ֵַקטּ.לְנָהתִּתְַקטְּלִיהִתְַקטַּלְתְּ אֶתְַקטֵּלהִתְַקטַּ.לְתִּי יִתְַקטְּלוּהִתְַקטְּלוּ תִּתְַקטֵּ.לְנָההִתְַקטַּלְתֶּם תִּתְַקטְּלוּהִתְַקטַּלְתֶּן תִּתְַקטֵּ.לְנָההִתְ ַַקטּ.לְנוּ נִתְַקטֵּל Chapter 35 - Hithpael Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

מִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל יִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל Strong

מִתְפַּ ֵלּל הִתְפַּ ֵלּל הִתְפַּ ֵלּל הִתְפַּ ֵלּל יִתְפַּ ֵלּל הִתְפַּ ֵלּל Gemin

מִתְגַּ ֶלּה הִתְגַּלּוֹת הִתְגַּ ֵלּה יִתְגַּ ֶלּה הִתְגַּ ָלּה ה-III

מִתְנַ ֵחם הִתְנַ ֵחם הִתְנַ ֵחם יִתְנַ ֵחם הִתְנַ ֵחם II-Gutt1

מִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך יִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך II-Gutt2

1 virtual doubling Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א compensatory lengthening 2 Strong Verb Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

קֹטֵלקָטוֹלקְטֹלקְטֹליְִקטֹלקָטַל Qal

נִ ְקטָל נְִקטוֹל הִקָּטֵל הִקָּטֵליִקָּטֵל נִ ְקטַל Niphal הִקָּטוֹל

מְקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטליְקַ ֵּטלקִ ֵּטל Piel

מְ ֻק ָּטליְ ֻק ַּט ֻלק ַּטל Pual

מְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל הְַקטִיל הְַקטֵליְַקטִיל הְִקטִיל Hiphil הְַקטִ.ילִי הְִקטַ.לְתָּ

מְֻקטָליְֻקטַל הְֻקטַל Hophal ָמ ְקטָליְָקטַל הְָקטַל

מִ ְתקַ ֵּטל הִ ְתקַ ֵּטל הִ ְתקַ ֵּטל הִ ְתקַ ֵּטל יִ ְתקַ ֵּטל הִ ְתקַ ֵּטל Hithpael

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Niphal Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

נְִקטָל נְִקטוֹל הִקָּטֵל הִקָּטֵליִקָּטֵל נְִקטַל Strong הִקָּטוֹל

נֶעֱזָב נַעֲזוֹב הֵעָזֵב הֵעָזֵביֵעָזֵב נֶעֱזַב I-Gutt הֵעָזוֹב

נִמְצָא נִמְצוֹא הִ ָּמצֵא הִ ָּמצֵאיִ ָּמצֵא נִמְצָא א-III

נִבְנֶה נִבְ ֹנה הִבָּנוֹת הִבָּנֵה יִבָּנֶה נִבְנָה ה-III הִבָּנֵה נִבְנֵ<יתָ

נִ ָצּל הִנָּצֵל הִנָּצֵל הִנָּצֵליִנָּצֵל נִ ַצּל נ-I נִצ ּוֹל

נוֹ ָשׁב הִוָּשֵׁב הִוָּשֵׁ ִביוָּשֵׁב נוֹשַׁב י-I

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Piel Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

מְקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטלקַ ֵּטליְקַ ֵּטלקִ ֵּטל Strong

מְשַׁ ֵלּחַ שַׁ ֵלּחַ שַׁ ַלּחשַׁ ַלּחיְשַׁ ַלּחשִׁ ַלּח ע/ח-III

מְמַצֵּאמַצֵּאמַצֵּאמַצֵּאיְמַצֵּאמִצֵּא א-III מַצֹּא 1 מְגַ ֶלּה גַּ ֵלּה גַּלּוֹת גַּ ֵלּה יְגַ ֶלּה גִּ ָלּה ה-III גִּלִּ.יתָ

מְהַ ֵלּלהַ ֵלּלהַ ֵלּלהַ ֵלּליְהַ ֵלּלהִ ֵלּל Geminate

מְנַחֵםנַחֵםנַחֵםנַחֵםיְנַחֵםנִחַם II-Gutt2

מְבֵָרְךבֵָּרְךבֵָּרְךבֵָּרְךיְבֵָרְךבֵֵּרְך II-Gutt3

1 3ms only 2 virtual doubling Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt א compensatory lengthening 3 Pual Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Participle

מְ ֻק ָּטליְ ֻק ַּט ֻלק ּטַל Strong

מְמֻצָּאיְמֻצָּאמֻצָּא א-III

מְגֻ ֶלּה יְגֻ ֶלּה גֻּ ָלּה ה-III גֻּלֵּ.יתָ

מְנֻחָםיְנֻחַםנֻחַם II-Gutt1

מְבָֹרְךיְבַֹרְךבַֹּרְך II-Gutt2

1 virtual doubling Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א compensatory lengthening 2 Hiphil Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

מְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל הְַקטִיל הְַקטֵליְַקטִיל הְִקטִיל Strong הְַקטִ.ילִי הְִקטַ.לְתָּ

מַעֲמִיד הַעֲמֵד הַעֲמִיד הַעֲמֵדיַעֲמִיד הֶעֱמִיד I-Gutt הַעֲמ.ִיִדי הֶעֱמַ.ְדתָּ

מַשְׁ ִליחַ הַשְׁלֵחַ הַשְׁ ִליחַ הַשְׁלַחיַשְׁ ִליחַ הִשְׁ ִליחַ ע/ח-III הַשְׁלִ.יחִי הִשְׁלַ.חְתָּ

מַמְ ִציא הַמְצֵא הַמְ ִציא הַמְצֵאיַמְ ִציא הִמְ ִציא א-III הַמְצ.ִיאִי הִמְצֵ.אתָ

מַגְ ֶלה הַגְ ֵלה הַגְלוֹת הַגְ ֵלה יַגְ ֶלה הִגְ ָלה ה-III הִגְלִ.יתָ

מַצִּיל הַצֵּל הַצִּיל הַצֵּליַצִּיל הִצִּיל נ-I הַצִ.ּילִי הִצַ.ּלְתָּ

מוֹשִׁיב הוֹשֵׁב הוֹשִׁיב הוֹשֵׁביוֹשִׁיב הוֹשִׁיב י-I הוֹשִׁ.יבִי הוֹשַׁ.בְתָּ

מֵקִים הָקֵם הָקִים הָקֵםיָקִים הֵקִים Bicon הָקִ.ימִי הֲקִימ.וֹתָ Hophal Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Participle

מְֻקטָליְֻקטַל הְֻקטַל (Strong (u

מְָקטָליְָקטַל הְָקטַל (Strong (o

מָעֳמָדיָעֳמַד הָעֳמַד I-Gutt

מָגְ ֶלה יָגְ ֶלה הָגְ ָלה ה-III

מֻצָּליֻצַּל הֻצַּל נ-I

מוּשָׁביוּשַׁב הוּשַׁב י-I

מוּקָםיוּקַם הוּקַם Bicon

מוּסָביוּסַב הוּסַב Geminate

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Hithpael Diagnostics at-a-glance

Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle Construct Absolute

מִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל יִתְקַ ֵּטל הִתְקַ ֵּטל Strong

מִתְפַּ ֵלּל הִתְפַּ ֵלּל הִתְפַּ ֵלּל הִתְפַּ ֵלּל יִתְפַּ ֵלּל הִתְפַּ ֵלּל Gemin

מִתְגַּ ֶלּה הִתְגַּלּוֹת הִתְגַּ ֵלּה יִתְגַּ ֶלּה הִתְגַּ ָלּה ה-III

מִתְנַ ֵחם הִתְנַ ֵחם הִתְנַ ֵחם יִתְנַ ֵחם הִתְנַ ֵחם II-Gutt1

מִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך יִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך II-Gutt2

1 virtual doubling Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א compensatory lengthening 2 Verbs ה-Summary of Endings on III Qal and Derived Stems

Ending Qal Niphal Piel Pual Hiphil Hophal Hithpael

הִתְגַּ ָלּה הָגְ ָלה הִגְ ָלה גֻּ ָלּה גִּ ָלּה נִבְנָה בָּנָה ָבה Perfect

יִתְגַּ ֶלּה יָגְ ֶלה יַגְ ֶלה יְגֻ ֶלּה יְגַ ֶלּה יִבָּנֶה יִבְנֶה ֶבה Imperfect

הִתְגַּ ֵלּה הַגְ ֵלה גַּ ֵלּה הִבָּנֵה בְּנֵה ֵבה Imperative

הִתְגַּלּוֹת הַגְלוֹת גַּלּוֹת הִבָּנוֹת בְּנוֹת וֹת Inf Construct

מִתְגַּ ֶלּה מָגְ ֶלה מַגְ ֶלה מְגֻ ֶלּה מְגַ ֶלּה נִבְנֶה בֹּנֶה ֶבה Participle

Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Strong Verbs 416 Appendix1:VerbParadigms Qal Niphal Piel Pual Hiphil Hophal (1) Hophal (2) Hithpael

הִתְַקטֵּלהְָקטַלהְֻקטַלהְִקטִיל ֻקטַּל ִקטֵּלנְִקטַלקָטַל Perfect 3ms הִתְַקטְּלָההְָקטְלָההְֻקטְלָההִ ְִקט. ה ָילֻקטְּלָה ִקטְּלָהנְִקטְלָה ק,טְלָה 3fs הִתְַקטַּ. ְל ָתּ הְָקט.ַ ְל ָתּ הְֻקט.ַ ְל ָתּ הְִקטַ. ְל ָתּ ֻקטַּ. ְל ָתּ ִקטַּ. ְל ָתּ נְִקט.ַ ְל ָתּ ָקט.ַ ְל ָתּ 2ms הִתְַקטַּלְתְּ הְָקטַלְתְּ הְֻקטַלְתְּ הְִקטַלְתְּ ֻקטַּלְתְּ ִקטַּלְתְּ נְִקטַלְתְּ ָקטַלְתְּ 2fs הִתְַקטַּ. ְל ִתּיהְָקט.ַ ְל ִתּיהְֻקט.ַ ְל ִתּיהְִקטַ. ְל י ִתֻּקטַּ. ְל י ִתִּקטַּ. ְל ִתּינְִקט.ַ ְל י ִתָּקטַ. ְל ִתּי 1cs הִתְַקטְּלוּהְָקטְלוּהְֻקטְלוּהְִקטִ.ילוּ ֻקטְּלוּ ִקטְּלוּנְִקטְלוּ ק,טְלוּ 3cp הִתְַקטַּלְתֶּםהְָקטַלְתֶּםהְֻקטַלְתֶּםהְִקטַלְתֶּם ֻקטַּלְתֶּם ִקטַּלְתֶּםנְִקטַלְתֶּם ְקטַלְתֶּם 2mp הִתְַקטַּלְתֶּןהְָקטַלְתֶּןהְֻקטַלְתֶּןהְִקטַלְתֶּן ֻקטַּלְתֶּן ִקטַּלְתֶּןנְִקטַלְתֶּן ְקטַלְתֶּן 2fp הִתְַקטּ.ַלְנוּהְָקט.ַלְנוּהְֻקט.ַלְנוּהְִקטַ.לְנוּ ֻקטַּ.לְנוּ ִקטַּ.לְנוּנְִקטַ.לְנוּ ָקטַ.לְנוּ 1cp יִתְַקטֵּליְָקטַ ֻליְקטַ ַליְקטִיליְֻקטַּליְַקטֵּליִָקּטֵליְִקטֹל Imperfect 3ms תִּתְַקטֵּלתְָּקטַ ֻלתְּקטַ ַלתְּקטִילתְֻּקטַּלתְַּקטֵּלתִָּקּטֵלתְִּקטֹל 3fs תִּתְַקטֵּלתְָּקטַ ֻלתְּקטַ ַלתְּקטִילתְֻּקטַּלתְַּקטֵּלתִָּקּטֵלתְִּקטֹל 2ms ִתּ ְת ְַקטּ ִליתְָּקטְלִ ֻיתּ ְְקט ִל ַיתְּקט.ִ ִיליתְֻּקטְּלִיתְַּקטְּלִיתִּקּ, ְט ִליתְִּקטְלִי 2fs אֶתְַקטֵּלאְָקטַלאְֻקטַלאְַקטִילאֲֻקטַּלאֲַקטֵּלאֶָקּטֵלאְֶקטֹל 1cs יִתְַקטְּלוּיְָקטְ ֻלוּיְקטְ ַלוּיְקט.ִילוּיְֻקטְּלוּיְַקטְּ ִלוּיקּ,טְלוּיְִקטְלוּ 3mp תִּתְַקטֵּ.לְנָהתְָּקט.ַלְנָ ֻהתְּקטַ.לְנָ ַהתְּקט.ֵלְנָהתְֻּקטַּ.לְנָהתְַּקטֵּ.לְנָהתִָּקּט.ַלְנָהתְִּקט.ֹלְנָה 3fp תִּתְַקטְּלוּתְָּקטְ ֻלוּתְּקטְ ַלוּתְּקט.ִילוּתְֻּקטְּלוּתְַּקטְּלוּתִּקּ,טְלוּתְִּקטְלוּ 2mp תִּתְַקטֵּ.לְנָהתְָּקט.ַלְנָ ֻהתְּקטַ.לְנָ ַהתְּקט.ֵלְנָהתְֻּקטַּ.לְנָהתְַּקטֵּ.לְנָהתִָּקּט.ַלְנָהתְִּקט.ֹלְנָה 2fp נִתְַקטֵּלנְָקטַלנְֻקטַלנְַקטִילנְֻקטַּלנְַקטֵּלנִָקּטֵלנְִקטֹל 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms417

הִתְַקטֵּלהְַקטֵל ַקטֵּלהִָקּטל ְֵקטֹל Imperative 2ms הִתְַקטְּלִיהְַקטִ. י ִילַקטְּלִיהִק,ּ ְט י ִלִקטְלִי 2fs הִתְַקטְּלוּהְַקטִ.ילוּ ַקטְּלוּהִק,ּטלוְּ ִקטְלוּ 2mp הִתְַקטּ.ֵלְנָההְַקטֵ.לְ ה נַָקטֵּ.לְנָההִָקּטַ.לְ ה נְָקט.ֹלְנָה 2fp

Infinitive הִתְַקטֵּלהְַקטִיל ַקטֵּלהִָקּטל ְֵקטֹל Construct

הִתְַקטֵּלהְַקטֵל ַקטּוֹל נִקטוֹל ָקטוֹל Infinitive ַקטֵּלהִָקּטוֹל Absolute

מִתְַקטֵּלמְַקטִילמְַקטּל ֵֹקטֵל Active ms מִתְַקטּ.ֶ ֶלתמְַקטֶֶ.לֶתמְַקטֶּ. ת ֶלֹקט.ֶ ֶלת Participle fs ִמ ְת ְַקטּ ִליםמְַקטִילִיםמְַקטְּלִים ְֹקט ִלים mp מִתְַקטְּלוֹת מְַקטִילוֹתמְַקטְּלוֹת ֹקטְלוֹת fp

מְָקטָלמְֻקטָלמְֻקטָּלנְִקטָלקָטוּל Passive ms מְָקט.ֶ ֶלתמְֻקטֶ. ֶלתמְֻקטֶּ. ֶלתנְִקטָלה ְָקטוּלָה Participle fs מְָקטָלִיםמְֻקטָלִיםמְֻקטָּלִ ִיםנ ְָקט ִלים ְקטוּלִים mp מְָקטָלוֹת מְֻקטָלוֹת מְֻקטָּלוֹתנְִקטָלוֹת ְקטוּלוֹת fp I-Guttural Verbs 418 Appendix1:VerbParadigms Qal (1) Qal (2) Niphal Hiphil Hophal הָעֳמַ ֶדה ֱע ִמידנֶעֱזַבחָזַ ָקע ַמד Perfect 3ms הָעָמְָדההֶעֱמִ.יָדה נֶעֶזְבָהח,זְָקהע>מְָדה 3fs הָעֳמ.ְַדתָּ הֶעֱמ.ְִַדתָּ ֶנ ֱע ַ<זבְתָּ חָז<ְַקתָּ ָעמ.ְַדתָּ 2ms הָעֳמְַדתְּ הֶעֱמְַדתְּ נֶעֱזַבְתְּ חָזְַקתְּ ָע ַמ ְְדתּ 2fs הָעֳמַ. ְִדתּיהֶעֱמ.ַ ְִדתּ ֶינ ֱע ַ<זבְתִּיחָזַ< ְִקתּ ָיע ַ.מ ְִדתּי 1cs הָעָמְדוּהֶעֱמ.ִידוּ נֶעֶזְבוּח,זְקוּע>מְדוּ 3cp ָה ֳע ַמ ְֶדתּ ֶםה ֱע ַמ ְֶדתּםנֶעֱזַבְתֶּםחֲזְַקתֶּ ֲםע ַמ ְֶדתּם 2mp הָעֳמְַדתֶּןהֶעֱמְַדתֶּןנֶעֱזַבְתֶּןחֲזְַקתֶּןעֲמְַדתֶּן 2fp הָעֳמַ.ְדנוּ הֶעֱמַ.ְדנוּ ֶנ ֱע ַ<זבְנוּחָזַ.ְקנוּ ָעמ.ְַדנוּ 1cp ָי ֳע ַמ ַדי ֲע ִמידיֵעָזֵביֶחֱזַ ַקי ֲע ֹמד Imperfect 3ms ָתּ ֳע ַמ ַדתּ ֲע ִמידתֵּעָזֵבתֶּחֱזַ ַקתּ ֲע ֹמד 3fs ָתּ ֳע ַמ ַדתּ ֲע ִמידתֵּעָזֵבתֶּחֱזַ ַקתּ ֲע ֹמד 2ms ָתּ ָע ְמ ִַדיתּ ֲעמ.ִיִדי ֵתּע>זְבִיתֶּחֶזְ ִַקיתּ ַע ְמִדי 2fs אָעֳמַ ַדא ֲע ִמידאֵעָזֵבאֶחֱזַקאֶעֱמֹד 1cs ָי ָע ְמ ַדוּי ֲע ִ.מידוּ ֵיע>זְבוּיֶחֶזְ ַקוּי ַע ְמדוּ 3mp ָתּ ֳע ַ.מְדנָ ַהתּ ֲע ֵ.מְדנָ ֵהתּ ָע ַ<זבְנָהתֶּחֱז<ְַקנָ ַהתּ ֲעמ.ְֹדנָה 3fp תָּעָמְ ַדוּתּ ֲעמ.ִידוּ ֵתּע>זְבוּתֶּחֶזְקוּתַּעַמְדוּ 2mp ָתּ ֳע ַ.מְדנָ ַהתּ ֲע ֵ.מְדנָ ֵהתּ ָע ַ<זבְנָהתֶּחֱז<ְַקנָ ַהתּ ֲעמ.ְֹדנָה 2fp ָנ ֳע ַמ ַדנ ֲע ִמידנֵעָזֵבנֶחֱזַ ַקנ ֲע ֹמד 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms419

הַעֲמֵדהֵעָזֵבחֲזַ ֲקע ֹמד Imperative 2ms הַעֲמ.ִיִדי ֵהע>זְבִיחִזְ ִִקיע ְמִדי 2fs הַעֲמ.ִידוּ ֵהע>זְבוּחִזְקוּעִמְדוּ 2mp הַעֲמ.ְֵדנָההֵעָזַ<בְנָהחֲזַ<ְקנָ ֲהעמ.ְֹדנָה 2fp ַה ֲע ִמידהֵעָזֵבחֲזֹ ֲקע ֹמד Infinitive Construct הַעֲמֵדנַעֲזוֹב חָזוֹק ָעמוֹד Infinitive הֵעָזוֹב Absolute ַמ ֲע ִמידחֹזֵ ֹקע ֵמד Active ms ַמ ֲע ֶמֶדתחֹזֶ< ֶֹקתע ֶ.מֶדת Participle fs ַמ ֲע ִמיִדים חֹזְִקים ֹע ְמִדים mp ַמ ֲע ִמידוֹת חֹזְקוֹת ֹע ְמדוֹת fp מָעֳמָדנֶעֱזָבחָזוּק עָמוּד Passive ms ָמ ֳעמ.ֶ ֶֶדתנ ֱע ֶ<זבֶתחֲזוָּקה עֲמוָּדה Participle fs ָמ ֳע ָמִדים ֶנ ֱע ָז ִביםחֲזוִּקים ֲעמוִּדים mp ָמ ֳע ָמדוֹת נֶעֱזָבוֹת חֲזוּקוֹת עֲמוּדוֹת fp 420 Appendix1:VerbParadigms Verbs א-I Qal (1) Qal (2) Qal (2) אָמַראָכַלאָסַר Perfect 3ms א,מְָרהא,כְלָהא>סְָרה 3fs אָמ.ְַרתָּ ָא .ַכ ְל ָתּ אָסַ.ְרתָּ 2ms אָמְַרתְּ ָא ַכ ְל ְתּ אָסְַרתְּ 2fs אָמ.ְַרתִּיאָ .ַכ ְל ִתּיאָסַ.ְרתִּי 1cs א,מְרוּא,כְלוּא>סְרוּ 3cp אֲמְַרתֶּ ֲםא ַכ ְל ֶתּםאֲסְַרתֶּם 2mp אֲמְַרתֶּןאֲכַלְתֶּןאֲסְַרתֶּן 2fp אָמ.ְַרנוּ אָכ.ַלְנוּאָסַ.ְרנוּ 1cp יֹאמַ ֹרי ַאכליֶאֱסֹר Imperfect 3ms תֹּאמַ ֹרתּ ַאכלתֶּאֱסֹר 3fs תֹּאמַ ֹרתּ ַאכלתֶּאֱסֹר 2ms תֹּאמְ ִֹריתּ ְאכ ִליתַּאַסְִרי 2fs אֹמַראֹכַלאֶאֱסֹר 1cs יֹאמְרוּיֹאכְלוּיַאַסְרוּ 3mp תֹּאמ.ְַרנהתֹּאכ.ַלְנהתֶּאֱס.ְֹרנה 3fp תֹּאמְרוּתֹּאכְלוּתַּאַסְרוּ 2mp תֹּאמ.ְַרנה תֶּאֱס.ְֹרנָה תֶּאֱס.ְֹרנה 2fp נֹאמַרנֹאכַלנֶאֱסֹר 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms421

אֱמֹראֱכֹלאֱסֹר Imperative 2ms אִמְ ִִריא ְכ ִליאִסְִרי 2fs אִמְרוּאִכְלוּאִסְרוּ 2mp אֱמ.ְֹרנהאֱכ.ֹלְנהאֱסֹ.ְרנה 2fp אֱמֹראֱכֹלאֱסֹר Infinitive Construct אָמוֹר אָכוֹל אָסוֹר Infinitive Absolute אֹמֵראֹכֵלאֹסֵר Active ms אֹמֶ. ֶֹרתא .ֶכ ֶלתאֹסֶ.ֶרת Participle fs אֹמְִרים ֹא ְכ ִליםאֹסְִרים mp אֹמְרוֹת ֹא ְכלוֹת אֹסְרוֹת fp אָמוּר אָכוּל אָסוּר Passive ms אֲמוָּרה אֲכוּלַָהאֲסוָּרה Participle fs אֲמוִּרים ֲא ִכוּליםאֲסוִּרים mp אֲמוּרוֹת אֲכוּלוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת fp II-Guttural Verbs 422 Appendix1:VerbParadigms

Qal Niphal Piel (vd) Piel (cl) Pual (vd) Pual (cl) Hithpael (vd) Hithpael (cl) הִתְבֵָּרְךהִתְנַחֵםבַֹּרְךנֻחַםבֵֵּרְךנִחַםנִבְחַרבָּחַר Perfect 3ms הִתְבּ,ְרכָההִתְנַחֲמָהבְֹּרכָהנֻחֲמָהבְֵּרכָהנִחֲמָהנִבְחֲָרהבָּחֲָרה 3fs הִתְבַָּר. ְכ ָתּ הִתְנַחַ.מְתָּ בַֹּר. ְכ ָתּ נֻחַ.מְתָּ בֵַּר. ְכ ָתּ נִחַ.מְתָּ נִבְח.ְַרתָּ בָּח.ְַרתָּ 2ms הִתְבַָּרכְתְּ הִתְנַחַמְתְּ בַֹּרכְתְּ נֻחַמְתְּ בֵַּרכְתְּ נִחַמְתְּ נִבְחְַרתְּ בָּחְַרתְּ 2fs הִתְבַָּר. ְכ ִתּיהִתְנַ ַח. ְמ ִתּיבַֹּר. ְכ ִתּינֻ ַח. ְמ ִתּיבֵַּר. ְכ ִתּינִ ַח. ְמ ִתּינִבְחַ. ְִרתּיבָּחַ. ְִרתּי 1cs הִתְבּ,ְרכוּ הִתְנַחֲמוּבְֹּרכוּ נֻחֲמְוּבְֵּרכוּ נִחֲמוּנִבְחֲרוּבָּחֲרוּ 3cp הִתְבַָּרכְתֶּםהִתְנַחַמְתֶּםבַֹּרכְתֶּםנֻחַמְתֶּםבֵַּרכְתֶּםנִחַמְתֶּםנִבְחְַרתֶּםבְּחְַרתֶּם 2mp הִתְבַָּרכְתֶּןהִתְנַחַמְתֶּןבַֹּרכְתֶּןנֻחַמְתֶּןבֵַּרכְתֶּןנִחַמְתֶּןנִבְחְַרתֶּןבְּחְַרתֶּן 2fp הִתְבַָּר.כְנוּהִתְנַח.ַמְנוּבַֹּר.כְנוּנֻח.ַמְנוּבֵַּר.כְנוּנִח.ַמְנוּנִבְחַ.ְרנוּ בָּח.ְַרנוּ 1cp יִתְבָּ ִֵרְךי ְת ַנ ֵחםיְבֹ ְַרְךי ֻנ ַחםיְבָ ְֵרְךינַחֵםיִבָּחֵריִבְחַר Imperfect 3ms תִּתְבָּ ִֵרְךתּ ְת ַנ ֵחםתְּבֹ ְַרְךתּ ֻנ ַחםתְּבָ ְֵרְךתּנַחֵםתִּבָּחֵרתִּבְחַר 3fs תִּתְבָּ ִֵרְךתּ ְת ַנ ֵחםתְּבֹ ְַרְךתּ ֻנ ַחםתְּבָ ְֵרְךתּנַחֵםתִּבָּחֵרתִּבְחַר 2ms תִּתְבּ,ְרכִ ִיתּ ְת ַנ ֲח ִמיתְּבְֹרכִיתְּנֻחֲ ִמיתְּב>ְרכִ ְיתּנַחֲמִיתִּבָּחֲִריתִּבְחֲִרי 2fs אֶתְבֵָּרְךאֶתְנַחֵםאֲבַֹרְךאֲנֻחַםאֲבֵָרְךאֲנַחֵםאֶבָּחֵראֶבְחַר 1cs יִתְבּ,ְרכוּ יִתְנַחֲמוּיְבְֹרכוּ ְי ֻנחֲמוּיְב>ְרכוּ ְינַחֲמוּיִבָּחֲרוּיִבְחֲרוּ 3mp תִּתְבֵָּר.כְנָהתִּתְנַח.ַמְנָהתְּבַֹר.כְנָהתְּנֻחַ.מְנָהתְּבֵָר.כְנָ ְהתּנַח.ֵמְנָהתִּבָּח.ְַרנָהתִּבְח.ְַרנָה 3fp תִּתְבּ,ְרכוּ תִּתְנַחֲמוּתְּבְֹרכוּ תְּנֻחֲמוּתְּב>ְרכוּ ְתּנַחֲמוּתִּבָּחֲרוּתִּבְחֲרוּ 2mp תִּתְבֵָּר.כְנָהתִּתְנַח.ַמְנָהתְּבַֹר.כְנָהתְּנֻחַ.מְנָהתְּבֵָר.כְנָ ְהתּנַח.ֵמְנָהתִּבָּח.ְַרנָהתִּבְח.ְַרנָה 2fp נִתְבָּ ִֵרְךנ ְת ַנ ֵחםנְבַֹרְךנְנֻהַםנְבֵָרְךנְנַחֵםנִבָּחֵרנִבְחַר 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms423 הִתְבֵָּרְךהִתְנַחֵםבֵָּרְךנַחֵםהִבָּחֵרבְּחַר Imperative 2ms הִתְבּ,ְרכִיהִתְנַחֲמִיבּ>ְרכִינַחֲמִיהִבָּחֲִריבַּחֲִרי 2fs הִתְבּ,ְרכוּ הִתְנַחֲמוּבּ>ְרכוּ נַחֲמוּהִבָּחֲרוּבַּחֲרוּ 2mp הִתְבֵָּר<כְנָההִתְנַח.ַמְנָהבֵָּר.כְנָהנַח.ֵמְנָההִבָּחַ.ְרנָהבְּח.ְַרנָה 2fp הִתְבֵָּרְךהִתְנַחֵםבֵָּרְךנַחֵםהִבָּחֵרבְּחֹר Infinitive Construct הִתְבֵָּרְךהִתְנַחֵםבֵָּרְךנַחֵםנִבְחוֹר בָּחוֹר Infinitive Absolute מִתְבֵָּרְךמִתְנַחֵםמְבֵָרְךמְנַחֵםבֹּחֵר Active ms מִתְבֶָּר. ֶכתמִתְנַ ֶח.מֶתמְבָר.ֶ ֶכתמְנַחֶ.מֶתבֹּח.ֶֶרת Participle fs מִתְבּ> ְִרכ ִיםמ ְת ַנ ֲח ִמיםמְב> ְִרכ ְיםמ ַנ ֲח ִמיםבֹּחֲִרים mp מִתְבּ>ְרכוֹת מִתְנַחֲמוֹת מְב>ְרכוֹת מְנַחֲמוֹת בֹּחֲרוֹת fp מְבָֹרְךמְנֻחָםנִבְחָרבָּחוּר Passive ms מְבֶֹר. ֶכתמְנֻחֶ.מֶתנִבְחֶ.ֶרתבְּחוָּרה Participle fs מְבָֹרכִ ְיםמ ֻנ ָח ִמיםנִבְחִָרים בְּחוִּרים mp מְבָֹרכוֹת מְנֻחָמוֹת נִבְחָרוֹת בְּחוּרוֹת fp 424 Appendix1:VerbParadigms Verbs ע/ח-III Qal Niphal Piel Pual Hiphil Hophal

הָשְׁלַחהִשְׁלִיחַ שֻׁלַּחשִׁלַּחנִשְׁלַחשָׁלַח Perfect 3ms הָשְׁלְחָההִשְׁלִ.יחָהשֻׁלְּחָהשִׁלְּחָהנִשְׁלְחָהשׁ,לְחָה 3fs הָשְׁלַ.חְתָּ הִשְׁלַ.חְתָּ שֻׁלַּ.חְתָּ שִׁלַּ.חְתָּ נִשְׁל.ַחְתָּ שָׁל.ַחְתָּ 2ms הָשְׁלַ.חַתְּ הִשְׁלַ.חַתְּ שֻׁלַּ.חַתְּ שִׁלּ.ַחַתְּ נִשְׁלַ.חַתְּ שָׁלַ.חַתְּ 2fs הָשְׁל.ַ ְח ִתּיהִשְׁל.ַ ְח ִתּישֻׁלַּ. ְח ִתּישִׁלַּ. ְח ִתּינִשְׁל.ַ ְח ִתּישָׁלַ. ְח ִתּי 1cs הָשְׁלְחוּהִשְׁלִ.יחוּ שֻׁלְּחוּשִׁלְּחוּנִשְׁלְחוּשׁ,לְחוּ 3cp הָשְׁלַחְתֶּםהִשְׁלַחְתֶּ ֻםשׁ ַלּ ְח ֶתּ ִםשׁ ַלּ ְח ֶתּ ִםנ ְשׁ ַל ְח ֶתּםשְׁלַחְתֶּם 2mp הָשְׁלַחְתֶּןהִשְׁלַחְתֶּןשֻׁלַּחְתֶּןשִׁלַּחְתֶּןנִשְׁלַחְתֶּןשְׁלַחְתֶּן 2fp הָשְׁל.ַחְנוּהִשְׁלַ.חְנוּשֻׁלַּ.חְנוּשִׁלּ.ַחְנוּנִשְׁלַ.חְנוּשָׁלַ.חְנוּ 1cp יָשְׁלַ ַחי ְשׁ ִל ַיח יְשֻׁלַּחיְשַׁלַּחיִשָּׁלַחיִשְׁלַח Imperfect 3ms תָּשְׁלַ ַחתּ ְשׁ ִל ַיח תְּשֻׁלַּחתְּשַׁלַּחתִּשָּׁלַחתִּשְׁלַח 3fs תָּשְׁלַ ַחתּ ְשׁ ִל ַיח תְּשֻׁלַּחתְּשַׁלַּחתִּשָּׁלַחתִּשְׁלַח 2ms ָתּ ְשׁ ְל ִח ַיתּ ְשׁל.ִ ִיח ְיתּ ֻשׁ ְלּ ִח ְיתּ ַשׁ ְלּ ִחיתִּשּׁ, ְל ִח ִיתּ ְשׁ ְל ִחי 2fs אָשְׁלַחאַשְׁלִיחַ אֲּשֻׁלַּחאֲשַׁלַּחאֶשָּׁלַחאֶשְׁלַח 1cs יָשְׁלְ ַחוּי ְשׁ ִ.ליחוּ יְשֻׁלְּחוּיְשַׁלְּ ִחוּישּׁ,לְחוּיִשְׁלְחוּ 3mp ָתּ ְשׁ ַל.חְנָ ַהתּ ְשׁ ַ.לחְנָ ְהתּ ֻשׁ ַ.לּחְנָ ְהתּ ַשׁ ַלּ.חְנָ ִהתּ ָשּׁ ַל.חְנָ ִהתּ ְשׁ ַל.חְנָה 3fp תָּשְׁלְ ַחוּתּ ְשׁל.ִיחוּ תְּשֻׁלְּחוּתְּשַׁלְּחוּתִּשּׁ,לְחוּתִּשְׁלְחוּ 2mp ָתּ ְשׁ ַל.חְנָ ַהתּ ְשׁ ַ.לחְנָ ְהתּ ֻשׁ ַ.לּחְנָ ְהתּ ַשׁ ַלּ.חְנָ ִהתּ ָשּׁ ַל.חְנָ ִהתּ ְשׁ ַל.חְנָה 2fp נָשְׁלַחנַשְׁלִיחַ נְשֻׁלַּחנְשַׁלַּחנִשָּׁלַחנִשְׁלַח 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms425

הַשְׁלַחשַׁלַּחהִשָּׁלַחשְׁלַח Imperative 2ms הַשְׁלִ. ִיחישַׁלְּחִיהִשּׁ, ְל ִחישִׁלְחִי 2fs הַשְׁלִ.יחוּ שַׁלְּחוּהִשּׁ,לְחוּשִׁלְחוּ 2mp הַשְׁ ַל.חְנָהשַׁ ַלּ.חְנָההִשָּׁלַ.חְנָהשְׁלַ.חְנָה 2fp הַשְׁלִיחַ שַׁלַּחהִשָּׁלַחשְֹׁלחַ Infinitive Construct

הַשְׁלֵחַ שַׁלֵּחַ נִשְׁלוֹחַ שָׁלוֹחַ Infinitive הִשָּׁלֵחַ Absolute מַשְׁלִיחַ מְשַׁלֵּחַ שֹׁלֵחַ Active ms מַשְׁל.ָחָתמְשַׁלַּ.חַתשֹׁלַ.חַת Participle fs ַמ ְשׁ ִל ִיח ְיםמ ַשׁ ְלּ ִח ֹיםשׁ ְל ִחים mp ַמ ְשׁ ִליחוֹת מְשַׁלְּחוֹת שֹׁלְחוֹת fp מֻשְׁלָחמְשֻׁלָּחנִשְׁלָחשָׁלוּחַ Passive ms מֻשְׁל.ַחַתמְשֻׁלַּ.חַתנִשְׁלַ.חַתשְׁלוּחָה Participle fs ֻמ ְשׁ ָל ִח ְיםמ ֻשׁ ָלּ ִח ִיםנ ְשׁ ָל ִחיםשְׁלוּחִים mp מֻשְׁלָחוֹת מְשֻׁלָּחוֹת נִשְׁלָחוֹת שְׁלוּחוֹת fp 426 Appendix1:VerbParadigms Verbs א-III Qal Niphal Piel Pual Hiphil Hophal Hithpael הִתְמַצֵּאהֻמְצָ ִאה ְמ ִצ ֻיאמ ָצּ ִאמ ֵצּ ִאנ ְמ ָצ ָאמ ָצא Perfect 3ms הִתְמַצְּאָההֻמְצְאָ ִהה ְמצ.ִיאָהמֻצְּאָהמִצְּאָהנִמְצְאָהמ,צְאָה 3fs ִה ְת ַמצּ.ֵאתָ ֻה ְמצ.ָ ָאת ִה ְמצ.ֵאתָ ֻמצּ.ֵאתָ ִמ ֵ.ּצּאתָ נִ ְמצ.ֵאתָ ָמצ.ָאתָ 2ms ִה ְת ַמ ֵצּאתהֻמְצָאתהִמְצֵ ֻאתמ ֵצּ ִאתמ ֵצּאתנִ ְמ ֵצ ָאתמ ָצאת 2fs ִה ְת ַמצּ.ֵ ִאת ֻיה ְמ ָ.צ ִאת ִיה ְמ ֵ.צאתִ ֻימצּ.ֵ ִאת ִימצּ.ֵ ִאתינִ ְמ ֵ.צ ִאת ָימצ.ָ ִאתי 1cs הִתְמַצְּאוּהֻמְצְ ִאוּה ְמצ.ִיאוּמֻצְּאוּמִצְּאוּנִמְצְאוּמ,צְאוּ 3cp ִה ְת ַמ ֵצּ ֶאתםהֻמְצָ ֶאת ִםה ְמ ֵצ ֶאת ֻםמ ֵצּ ֶאת ִםמ ֵצּ ֶאתםנִ ְמ ֵצ ֶאת ְםמ ָצ ֶאתם 2mp הִתְמַצֵּאתֶןהֻמְצָאתֶןהִמְצֵאתֶןמֻצֵּאתֶןמִצֵּאתֶןנִמְצֵאתֶןמְצָאתֶן 2fp ִה ְת ַמצּ.ֵאנוּ ֻה ְמ ָ.צאנוּ ִה ְמצ.ֵאנוּ ֻמצּ.ֵאנוּ ִמצּ.ֵאנוּ ִנ ְמ ֵ.צאנוּ ָמצ.ָאנוּ 1cp ִי ְת ַמ ֵצּ ֻאי ְמ ָצ ַאי ְמ ִצ ְיאי ֻמ ָצּ ְאי ַמ ֵצּ ִאי ָמּ ֵצ ִאי ְמ ָצא Imperfect 3ms ִתּ ְת ַמ ֵצּ ֻאתּ ְמ ָצ ַאתּ ְמ ִצ ְיאתּ ֻמ ָצּ ְאתּ ַמ ֵצּ ִאתּ ָמּ ֵצ ִאתּ ְמ ָצא 3fs ִתּ ְת ַמ ֵצּ ֻאתּ ְמ ָצ ַאתּ ְמ ִצ ְיאתּ ֻמ ָצּ ְאתּ ַמ ֵצּ ִאתּ ָמּ ֵצ ִאתּ ְמ ָצא 2ms ִתּ ְת ַמ ְצּ ִא ֻיתּ ְמ ְצ ִא ַיתּ ְמצ.ִ ִיא ְיתּ ֻמ ְצּ ִא ְיתּ ַמ ְצּ ִאיתִּמּ> ְצ ִא ִיתּ ְמ ְצ ִאי 2fs ֶא ְת ַמ ֵצּאאֻמְצָ ַאא ְמ ִציאאֲמֻצָּאאֲמַצֵּאאֶמָּצֵאאֶמְצָא 1cs ִי ְתמַצְּ ֻאוּי ְמ ְצ ַאוּי ְמצ.ִיאוּ ְי ֻמ ְצּ ְאוּי ַמ ְצּ ִאוּימּ>צְ ִאוּי ְמ ְצאוּ 3mp ִתּ ְת ַמ ֶ.ּצּאנָ ֻהתּ ְמ ֶ.צאנָ ַהתּ ְמצ.ֶאנָ ְהתּ ֻמ ֶ.צּאנָ ְהתּ ַמ ֶ.צּאנָ ִהתּ ָמּ ֶ.צאנָ ִהתּ ְמצ.ֶאנָה 3fp ִתּתְמַצְּאוּתֻּמְצְ ַאוּתּ ְמצ.ִיאוּ תְּמֻצְּאוּתְּמַצְּאוּתִּמּ>צְאוּתִּמְצְאוּ 2mp ִתּ ְת ַמ ֶ.ּצּאנָ ֻהתּ ְמ ֶ.צאנָ ַהתּ ְמצ.ֶאנָ ְהתּ ֻמ ֶ.צּאנָ ְהתּ ַמ ֶ.צּאנָ ִהתּ ָמּ ֶ.צאנָ ִהתּ ְמצ.ֶאנָה 2fp ִנ ְת ַמ ֵצּ ֻאנ ְמ ָצ ַאנ ְמ ִצ ְיאנ ֻמ ָצּ ְאנ ַמ ֵצּ ִאנ ָמּ ֵצ ִאנ ְמ ָצא 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms427

הִתְמַצֵּאהַמְצֵ ַאמ ֵצּאהִמָּצֵ ְאמ ָצא Imperative 2ms ִה ְת ַמ ְצּ ִא ַיה ְמצ.ִ ִיא ַימ ְצּ ִאיהִמּ> ְצ ִא ִימ ְצ ִאי 2fs הִתְמַצְּ ַאוּה ְמצ.ִִיאוּ מַצְּאוּהִמּ>צְאוּמִצְאוּ 2mp ִה ְת ַמ ֶ.צּאנָ ַהה ְמ ֶ.צאנָ ַהמ ֶ.צּאנָ ִהה ָמּ ֶ.צאנָ ְהמ ֶ.צאנָה 2fp הִתְמַצֵּ ַאה ְמ ִצ ַיאמ ֵצּאהִמָּצֵ ְאמ ֹצא Infinitive Construct הִתְמַצֵּאהַמְצֵ ַאמ ֹצּ ִאנ ְמ ֹצ ָאמצוֹא Infinitive הִמָּצֵא Absolute ִמ ְת ַמ ֵצּ ַאמ ְמ ִצ ְיאמ ַמ ֵצּ ֹאמ ֵצא Active ms ִמ ְת ַמ ֵצּ ַאתמ ְמ ֵצ ְאתמ ַמ ֵצּ ֹאתמצֵאת Participle fs ִמ ְת ַמ ְצּ ִא ַיםמ ְמ ִצ ִיא ְיםמ ַמ ְצּ ִא ֹיםמ ְצ ִאים mp ִמ ְת ַמ ְצּאוֹת ַמ ְמ ִציאוֹת ְמ ַמ ְצּאוֹת ֹמ ְצאוֹת fp ֻמ ְמ ָצ ְאמ ֻמ ָצּ ִאנ ְמ ָצאמָצוּא Passive ms ֻמ ְמ ֵצאתמְמֻצָּאָהנִמְצָאָהמְצוּאָה Participle fs ֻמ ְמ ָצ ִא ְיםמ ֻמ ָצּ ִא ִיםנ ְמ ָצ ִא ְיםמ ִצוּאים mp ֻמ ְמ ָצאוֹת ְמ ֻמ ָצּאוֹת ִנ ְמ ָצאוֹת מְצוּאוֹת fp 428 Appendix1:VerbParadigms Verbs ה-III Qal Niphal Piel Pual Hiphil Hophal Hithpael הִתְגַּלָּההָגְלָההִגְלָהגֻּלָּהגִּלָּהנִבְנָהבָּנָה Perfect 3ms הִתְגַּלְּתָההָגְלְתָההִגְלְתָהגֻּלְּתָהגִּלְּתָהנִבְנְתָהבּ>נְתָה 3fs הִתְגַּלִּ. ָית הָגְלֵ. ָית הִגְלִ. ָית גֻּלֵּ. ָית גִּלּ.ִ ָית נִבְנֵ. ָית בָּנ.ִ ָית 2ms הִתְגַּ ִלּיתהָגְלֵיתהִגְלִ ֻיתגּ ֵלּ ִיתגּ ִלּיתנִבְנֵיתבָּנִית 2fs הִתְגַּלּ.ִ ִיתיהָגְל.ֵ ִיתיהִגְלִ. ִיתיגֻּלּ.ֵ ִיתיגִּלּ.ִ ִיתינִבְנֵ. ִיתיבָּנִ. ִיתי 1cs הִתְגַּלּוּהָגְלוּהִגְלוּגֻּלּוּגִּלּוּנִבְנוּבָּנוּ 3cp הִתְגַּ ִלּ ֶיתםהָגְלֵיתֶםהִגְלִיתֶ ֻםגּ ֵלּ ֶית ִםגּ ִלּ ֶית ִםנ ְב ֵנ ֶית ְםבּ ִנ ֶיתם 2mp הִתְגַּ ּלִ ֶיתןהָגְלֵיתֶןהִגְלִיתֶןגֻּלֵּיתֶןגִּלִִּיתֶןנִבְנֵיתֶןבְּנִיתֶן 2fp הִתְגַּלּ.ִינוּ הָגְל.ֵינוּ הִגְלִ.ינוּ גֻּלֵּ.ינוּ גִּלּ.ִינוּ נִבְנֵ.ינוּ בָּנִ.ינוּ 1cp יִתְגַּלֶּהיָגְלֶהיַגְלֶהיְגֻלֶּהיְגַלֶּהיִבָּנֶהיִבְנֶה Imperfect 3ms תִּתְגַּלֶּהתָּגְלֶהתַּגְלֶהתְּגֻלֶּהתְּגַלֶּהתִּבָּנֶהתִּבְנֶה 3fs תִּתְגַּלֶּהתָּגְלֶהתַּגְלֶהתְּגֻלֶּהתְּגַלֶּהתִּבָּנֶהתִּבְנֶה 2ms ִתּ ְת ַגּ ִלּ ָיתּ ְג ִל ַיתּ ְג ִל ְיתּ ֻג ִלּ ְיתּ ַג ִלּיתִּבָּנִיתִּבְנִי 2fs אֶתְגַּלֶּהאָגְלֶהאַגְלֶהאֲגֻלֶּהאֲגַלֶּהאֶבָּנֶהאֶבְנֶה 1cs יִתְגַּלּוּיָגְלוּיַגְלוּיְגֻלּוּיְגַלּוּיִבָּנוּיִבְנוּ 3mp תִּתְגַּלֶּ.ינָהתָּגְ ֶל.ינָהתַּגְ ֶל.ינָהתְּגֻ ֶלּ.ינָהתְּגַ ֶלּ.ינָהתִּבָּ ֶנ<ינָהתִּבְנֶ.ינָה 3fp תִּתְגַּלּוּתָּגְלוּתַּגְלוּתְּגֻלּוּתְּגַלּוּתִּבָּנוּתִּבְנוּ 2mp תִּתְגַּלֶּ.ינָהתָּגְ ֶל.ינָהתַּגְ ֶל.ינָהתְּגֻ ֶלּ.ינָהתְּגַ ֶלּ.ינָהתִּבָּ ֶנ<ינָהתִּבְנֶ.ינָה 2fp נִתְגַּלֶּהנָגְלֶהנַגְלֶהנְגֻלֶּהנְגַלֶּהנִבָּנֶהנִבְנֶה 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms429

הִתְגַּלֵּההַגְלֵהגַּלֵּההִבָּנֵהבְּנֵה Imperative 2ms הִתְגַּלִּיהַגְלִיגַּלִּיהִבָּנִיבְּנִי 2fs הִתְגַּלּוּהַגְלוּגַּלּוּהִבָּנוּבְּנוּ 2mp הִתְגַּ ֶלּ.ינָההַגְ ֶל.ינָהגַּלֶּ.ינָההִבָּנֶ.ינָהבְּנֶ.ינָה 2fp הִתְגַּלּוֹת הַגְלוֹת גַּלּוֹת הִבָּנוֹת בְּנוֹת Infinitive Construct הַגְלֵהגַֹּּלהנִבְנֹהבָּנֹה Infinitive גַּלֵּההִבָּנֵה Absolute מִתְגַּלֶּהמַגְלֶהמְגַלֶּהבֹּנֶה Active ms מִתְגַּלָּהמַגְלָהמְגַלָּהבֹּנָה Participle fs ִמ ְת ַגּ ִלּ ַיםמ ְג ִל ְיםמ ַג ִלּ ֹיםבּ ִנים mp מִתְגַּלּוֹת מַגְלוֹת מְגַלּוֹת בֹּנוֹת fp מָגְלֶהמְגֻלֶּהנִבְנֶהבָּנוּי Passive ms מָגְלָהמְגֻלָּהנִבְנָהבְּנוּיָה Participle fs ָמ ְג ִל ְיםמ ֻג ִלּ ִיםנ ְב ִנ ְיםבּ ִנוּיים mp מָגְלוֹת מְגֻלּוֹת נִבְנוֹת בְּנוּיוֹת fp 430 Appendix1:VerbParadigms Verbs נ-I Qal (1) Qal (2) Qal (Irreg.) Niphal Hiphil Hophal ֻה ַצּ ִלה ִצּ ִילנ ַצּלנָתַ ָןנ ַס ָענ ַפל Perfect 3ms הֻצְּלָ ִהה ִ.צּ ָיל ִהנ ְצּ ָלהנ>תְנָהנ>סְעָהנ>פְלָה 3fs ֻה ַ.צּ ְל ָתּ ִה ַּצּ. ְל ָתּ ִנ ַ.צּ ְל ָתּ ָנ ַ.ת ָתּ נָס.ַ ְע ָתּ ָנ ַ.פ ְל ָתּ 2ms ֻה ַצּ ְל ְתּ ִה ַצּ ְל ְתּ ִנ ַצּ ְל ְְתּ ָנ ַת ְתּ נָס.ַ ַע ְתּ ָנ ַפ ְל ְתּ 2fs ֻה ַ.צּ ְל ִתּ ִיהצּ.ַ ְל ִתּ ִינצּ.ַ ְל ִתּ ָינת.ַ ִתּינָסַ. ְע ִתּ ָינ ַ.פ ְל ִתּי 1cs הֻצְּ ִלוּה ִ.צּילוּ ִנ ְצּלוּנ>תְנוּנ>סְעוּנ>פְלוּ 3cp ֻה ַצּ ְל ֶתּ ִםה ַצּ ְל ֶתּ ִםנ ַצּ ְל ֶתּ ְםנ ַת ֶתּ ְםנ ַס ְע ֶתּ ְםנ ַפ ְל ֶתּם 2mp הֻצַּלְתֶּןהִצַּלְתֶּ ִןנ ַצּ ְל ֶתּןנְתַתֶּןנְסַעְתֶּןנְפַלְתֶּן 2fp ֻהצּ.ַלְ ִנוּה ַ.צּלְ ִנוּנצּ.ַלְ ָנוּנת.ַנּוּנָסַ.עְ ָנוּנ ַ.פלְנוּ 1cp ֻי ַצּ ַלי ִצּ ִילי ָנּ ֵצ ִלי ֵתּ ִןי ַסּ ִעי ֹפּל Imperfect 3ms ֻתּ ַצּ ַלתּ ִצּ ִילתּ ָנּ ֵצלתִּתֵּ ִןתּ ַסּ ִעתּ ֹפּל 3fs ֻתּ ַצּ ַלתּ ִצּ ִילתּ ָנּ ֵצלתִּתֵּ ִןתּ ַסּ ִעתּ ֹפּל 2ms ֻתּ ְצּ ִל ַיתּ ִ.צּ ִיל ִיתּנּ> ְצ ִל ִיתּ ְתּ ִנ ִיתּ ְס ִע ִיתּ ְפּ ִלי 2fs ֻא ַצּ ַלא ִצּ ֶילא ָנּ ֵצלאֶתֵּןאֶסַּ ֶעא ֹפּל 1cs ֻי ְצּ ַלוּי ִ.צּילוּ ִינּ> ְצ ִלוּי ְתּ ִנוּי ְס ִעוּי ְפּלוּ 3mp ֻתּצּ.ַלְנָ ַהתּ ֵ.צּלְנָ ִהתּ ָנּצ.ַלְנָ ִהתּ ֵ.תּנָּהתִּסּ.ַ ְע ָנ ִהתּ ֹ.פּלְנָה 3fp ֻתּ ְצּ ַלוּתּ ִ.צּילוּ ִתּנּ> ְצלוּתִּתְּנוּתִּסְעוּתִּפְּלוּ 2mp ֻתּצּ.ַלְנָ ַהתּ ֵ.צּלְנָ ִהתּ ָנּצ.ַלְנָ ִהתּ ֵ.תּנָּהתִּסּ.ַ ְע ָנ ִהתּ ֹ.ּפלְנָה 2fp ֻנ ַצּ ַלנ ִצּ ִילנ ָנּ ֵצלנִתֵּ ִןנ ַסּ ִענ ֹפּל 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms431

ַה ֵצּ ִלה ָנּ ֵצלתֵּ ַןס ְענ ֹפל Imperative 2ms ַה ִ.צּ ִיליהִנּ> ְצ ִל ְיתּ ִנ ְיס ִע ִינ ְפ ִלי 2fs ַה ִ.צּילוּ הִנּ> ְצלוּתְּנוּסְעוּנִפְלוּ 2mp ַה ֵ.צּלְנָ ִהה ָנּצ.ַלְנָהתּ.ֵנָּהסַ. ְע ָנ ְהנ ֹ.פלְנָה 2fp ַה ִצּ ִילה ָנּ ֵצ ֵלתּתסַ. ַע ְתנ ֹפל Infinitive נְתֹ ְןנ ֹס ַע Construct ַה ֵצּ ִלה ָנּ ֵצלנָתוֹן ָנ ַסוֹע ָנפוֹל Infinitive ִנצּוֹל Absolute ַמ ִצּילנֹתֵ ֹןנ ֵס ַע ֹנ ֵפל Active ms ַמ ֶ.צּ ֶל ֹתנ ֶ.ת ֶנתנֹס.ַ ַע ֹתנ ֶ.פ ֶלת Participle fs ַמ ִצּ ִיל ֹיםנ ְת ִנ ֹיםנ ְס ִע ֹיםנ ְפ ִלים mp ַמ ִצּילוֹת ֹנ ְתנוֹת ֹנ ְסעוֹת ֹנ ְפלוֹת fp ֻמ ָצּ ִלנ ָצּלנָתוּן נָסוּעַ נָפוּל Passive ms ֻמ ֶ.צּ ֶל ִתנ ֶ.צּ ֶלתנְתוּנָהנְסוּעָהנְפוּלָה Participle fs ֻמ ָצּ ִל ִיםנ ָצּ ִל ְיםנ ִתוּנ ְיםנ ִסוּע ְיםנ ִפוּלים mp ֻמ ָצּלוֹת ִנ ָצּלוֹת נְתוּנוֹת נְסוּעוֹת נְפוּלוֹת fp 432 Appendix1:VerbParadigms Verbs י-I Qal (1) Qal (2) Niphal Hiphil Hophal

הוּשַׁב הוֹשִׁיב נוֹשַׁביַָרשׁיָשַׁב Perfect 3ms הוּשְׁבָה הוֹשִׁ.יבָה נוֹשְׁבָהי>ְרשָׁהי>שְׁבָה 3fs הוּשַׁ.בְתָּ הוֹשַׁ.בְתָּ נוֹשׁ.ַבְתָּ יַָר.שְׁתָּ ָישׁ.ַבְתָּ 2ms הוּשַׁבְתְּ הוֹשַׁבְתְּ נוֹשַׁבְתְּ יַָרשְׁתְּ יָשַׁבְתְּ 2fs הוּשַׁ.בְתִּי הוֹשַׁ.בְתִּי נוֹשַׁ.בְתִּייַָר. ְשׁ ִתּ ָיי ַ.שׁבְתִּי 1cs הוּשְׁבוּ הוֹשׁ.ִיבוּ נוֹשְׁבוּי>ְרשׁוּ י>שְׁבוּ 3cp הוּשַׁבְתֶּם הוֹשַׁבְתֶּם נוֹשַׁבְתֶּ ְםי ְַרשׁ ֶתּ ְםי ַשׁ ְב ֶתּם 2mp הוּשַׁבְתֶּן הוֹשַׁבְתֶּן נוֹשַׁבְתֶּןיְַרשְׁתֶּןיְשַׁבְתֶּן 2fp הוּשַׁ.בְנוּ הוֹשַׁ.בְנוּ נוֹשׁ.ַבְנוּיַָר.שְׁ ָנוּי ַ.שׁבְנוּ 1cp יוּשַׁב ִיוֹשׁיביִוָּשֵׁ ִבייַרשׁ יֵשֵׁב Imperfect 3ms תּוּשַׁב תּוֹשִׁיבתִּוָּשֵׁבתִּיַרשׁ תֵּשֵׁב 3fs תּוּשַׁב תּוֹשִׁיבתִּוָּשֵׁבתִּיַרשׁ תֵּשֵׁב 2ms תּוּשְׁבִי תּוֹשִׁ. ִיביתִּוּ>שְׁבִ ִיתּ ִיְרשׁיתֵּשְׁבִי 2fs אוּשַׁב אוֹשִׁיבאִוָּשֵׁבאִיַרשׁ אֵשֵׁב 1cs יוּשְׁבוּ ִ.יוֹשׁיבוּ יִוּ>שְׁבוּיִיְרשׁוּ יֵשְׁבוּ 3mp תּוּשַׁ.בְנָה ֵתּוֹשׁ.בְנָהתִּוָּשַׁ.בְנָ ִהתּיַר.שְׁנָהתֵּשַׁ.בְנָה 3fp תּוּשְׁבוּ תּוֹשִׁ.יבוּ תִּוּ>שְׁבוּתִּיְרשׁוּ תֵּשְׁבוּ 2mp תּוּשַׁ.בְנָה ֵתּוֹשׁ.בְנָהתִּוָּשַׁ.בְנָ ִהתּיַר.שְׁנָהתֵּשַׁ.בְנָה 2fp נוּשַׁב נוֹשִׁיבנִוָּשֵׁבנִיַרשׁ נֵשֵׁב 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms433

הוֹשֵׁבהִוָּשֵׁבַרשׁשֵׁב Imperative 2ms הוֹשִׁ. ִיביהִוּ>שְׁבִי ְרשִׁישְׁבִי 2fs הוֹשִׁ.יבוּ הִוּ>שְׁבוּ ְרשׁוּ שְׁבוּ 2mp ֵהוֹשׁ.בְנָההִוָּשַׁ.בְנָהַר.שְׁנָהשֵׁ.בְנָה 2fp הוֹשִׁיבהִוָּשֵׁבֶר.שֶׁתשׁ.ֶבֶת Infinitive Construct

הוֹשֵׁבהִוָּשֵׁביָרוֹשׁ יָשׁוֹב Infinitive Absolute

מוֹשִׁיביֵֹרשׁיֹשֵׁב Active ms מוֹשׁ.ֶבֶתיֶֹר.שֶׁ ֹתישׁ.ֶבֶת Participle fs ִמוֹשׁ ִיב ֹיםי ְִרשׁ ֹיםי ְשׁ ִבים mp מוֹשִׁיבוֹת יְֹרשׁוֹת יֹשְׁבוֹת fp מוּשָׁב נוֹשָׁב Passive ms מוּשֶׁ.בֶת נוֹשֶׁ.בֶת Participle fs מוּשָׁבִים נוֹשָׁבִים mp מוּשָׁבוֹת נוֹשָׁבוֹת fp Biconsonantal Verbs 434 Appendix1:VerbParadigms class) Hiphil Hophal-וֹ) class) Qal- ִי) class) Qal-וּ) Qal הוַּקם הִֵקים בָּ ם ָאשָׂקם Perfect 3ms הוְּקמָההִֵק.ימָהבָּ.אָהשׂ.ָמָהָק.מָה 3fs הוַּק.מְתָּ הֲִקימ. ָוֹת בּ.ָאתָ שַׂ.מְתָּ ַק.מְתָּ 2ms הוַּקמְתְּ הֲִקימוֹת בָּאתשַׂמתְּ ַקמְתְּ 2fs הוַּק. ְמ ִתּיהֲִקימ. ִוֹתיבָּ. ִאתישַׂ. ְמ ִתּיַק. ְמ ִתּי 1cs הוְּקמוּ הִֵק.ימוּ בּ.ָאוּשָׂ.מוָּק.מוּ 3cp הוַּקמְתֶּ ֲםה ִֶקימוֹתםבָּאתֶ ַםשׂ ְמ ֶם תַּקמְתֶּם 2mp הוַּקמְתֶּןהֲִקימוֹתֶןבָּאתֶןשַׂמְתּן ֶַקמְתֶּן 2fp הוַּק.מְנוּהֲִקימ.וֹנוּ בָּ.אנוּ שׂ.ַמְנוַּק.מְנוּ 1cp יוַּקם ָיִקים יָבוֹא ָי ִשׂיםיָקוּם Imperfect 3ms תּוַּקם ָתִּקים תָּבוֹא ָתּ ִשׂיםתָּקוּם 3fs תּוַּקם ָתִּקים תָּבוֹא ָתּ ִשׂיםתָּקוּם 2ms תּוְּקמִיתִָּק. ִימיתָּב. ִוֹאיתָּשׂ.ִ ִימיתָּק.וּמִי 2fs אוַּקם ָאִקים אָבוֹא ָא ִשׂיםאָקוּם 1cs יוְּקמוּ ָיִק.ימוּ יָב.וֹאוּ ָישׂ.ִימוּ ָיק.וּמוּ 3mp תּוַּק.מְנָהתְִּקימֶ.ינָהתָּב.וֹאנָ ְהתּ ִשׂ ֶימ.ינָהתְּקוּמֶ.ינָה 3fp תּוְּקמוּ תִָּק.ימוּ תָּב.וֹאוּ תָּשׂ.ִימוּ תָּק.וּמוּ 2mp תּוַּק.מְנָהתְִּקימֶ.ינָהתָּב.וֹאנָ ְהתּ ִשׂ ֶימ.ינָהתְּקוּמֶ.ינָה 2fp נוַּקם ָנִקים נָבוֹא ָנ ִשׂיםנָקוּם 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms435

הֵָקם בּוֹא ִשׂים קוּם Imperative 2ms הִָק. ִימיבּ. ִוֹאישׂ.ִ ִימיק.וּמִי 2fs הִָק.ימוּ בּ.וֹאוּ שׂ.ִימוּ ק.וּמוּ 2mp הֵָק.מְנָהֹק.מְנָה 2fp הִָקים בּוֹא ִשׂים קוּם Infinitive שׂוּם Construct הֵָקם בּוֹא שׂוֹם קוֹם Infinitive Absolute

ֵמִקים בָּ ם ָאשָׂקם Active ms מְִקימָהבָּאָהשָׂמה ָָקמָה Participle fs ְמ ִִקימיםבָּאִ ָיםשׂ ִיםמ ִָקמים mp מְִקימוֹת בָּאוֹת שָׂמוֹת ָקמוֹת fp מוָּקם בּוֹא ִשׂים קוּם Passive ms מוֶּק.מֶת Participle fs מוָּקמִים mp מוָּקמוֹת fp Geminate Verbs 436 Appendix1:VerbParadigms

Qal (1)Qal (2) Niphal Piel Hiphil Hophal Hithpael

ִה ְת ַפּ ֵלּל הוּסַבהֵסֵבהִלֵּלנָסַ ַבתּםסָבַב Perfect 3ms הִתְפַּלְלָה הוּס.ַבָּההֵס.ֵבַָּההִלְלָהנָסַ.בָּ ַ.התּמָּהס>בְבָה 3fs ִה ְת ַפּ ַ.ּל ְל ָתּ הוּסַבּ. ָוֹת הֲסִבּ. ָוֹת הִלַּ. ְל ָתּ נְסַבּ. ָוֹת תַּמּ. ָוֹת סַבּ. ָוֹת 2ms ִה ְת ַפּ ַלּ ְל ְתּ הוּסַבּוֹת הֲסִבּוֹת הִלַּלְתְּ נְסַבּוֹת ַתּמּוֹת סַבּוֹת 2fs ִה ְת ַפּ ַ.ּל ְל ִתּי הוּסַבּ. ִוֹתיהֲסִבּ. ִוֹתיהִלּ.ַ ְל ִתּינְסַבּ. ִוֹתיתַּמּ. ִוֹתיסַבּ. ִוֹתי 1cs ִה ְת ַפּ ְללוּ הוּסַ.בּוּהֵס.ֵבּוּהִלְלוּנָסַ. ַ.בּוּתּמּוּס>בְבוּ 3cp ִה ְת ַפּ ַלּ ְל ֶתּם הוּסַבּוֹתֶםהֲסִבּוֹתֶ ִםה ַלּ ְל ֶתּםנְסַבּוֹתֶ ַםתּ ֶמּוֹתםסַבּוֹתֶם 2mp הִתְפַּלַּלְתֶּן הוּסַבּוֹתֶןהֲסִבּוֹתֶןהִלַּלְתֶּןנְסַבּוֹתֶ ַןתּ ֶמּוֹתןסַבּוֹתֶן 2fp ִה ְת ַפּ ַ.ּללְנוּ הוּסַבּ.וֹנוּ הֲסִבּ.וֹנוּ הִלַּ.לְנוּנְסַבּ.וֹנוּ תַּמּ.וֹנוּ סַבּ.וֹנוּ 1cp ִי ְת ַפּ ֵלּל יוּסַביָסֵ ְבי ַה ֵלּליִסַּ ֵבי ַתםיָסֹב Imperfect 3ms ִתּ ְת ַפּ ֵלּל תּוּסַבתָּסֵבתְּהַלֵּלתִּסַּ ֵבתּ ַתםתָּסֹב 3fs ִתּ ְת ַפּ ֵלּל תּוּסַבתָּסֵבתְּהַלֵּלתִּסַּ ֵבתּ ַתםתָּסֹב 2ms ִתּ ְת ַפּ ְל ִלי תּוּסַ.בִּיתָּסֵ.בִּ ְיתּ ַה ְל ִליתִּסּ.ַבִּ ֵיתּ ַ.ת ִמּיתָּסֹ.בִּי 2fs ֶא ְת ַפּ ֵלּל אוּסַבאָסֵבאֲהַלֵּלאֶסַּ ֵבא ַתםאָסֹב 1cs ִי ְת ַפּ ְללוּ יוּס.ַ ָבּוּי ֵ.סבּוּיְהַלְ ִלוּיסּ.ַ ֵבּוּי ַ.ת ָמּוּיס.ֹבּוּ 3mp ִתּ ְת ַפּ ֵ.לּלְנָה תּוּסַ ֶבּ.ינָהתְּסִבֶּ.ינָהתְּהַלּ.ֵלְנָהתִּסַּ ֶבּ.ינָ ְהתּ ַת ֶמּ.ינָהתְּסֻ ֶבּ.ינָה 3fp ִתּ ְת ַפּ ְללוּ תּוּסַ.בּוּתָּס.ֵבּוּתְּהַלְלוּתִּסּ.ַ ֵבּוּתּ ַ.תמּוּתָּס.ֹבּוּ 2mp ִתּ ְת ַפּ ֵ.לּלְנָה תּוּסַ ֶבּ.ינָהתְּסִבֶּ.ינָהתְּהַלּ.ֵלְנָהתִּסַּ ֶבּ.ינָ ְהתּ ַת ֶמּ.ינָהתְּסֻ ֶבּ.ינָה 2fp ִנ ְת ַפּ ֵלּל נוּסַבנָסֵבנְהַלֵּלנִסַּ ֵבנ ַתםנָסֹב 1cp Appendix 1:VerbParadigms437

ִה ְת ַפּ ֵלּלהָסֵבהַלֵּלהִסַּ ַבתּםסֹב Imperative 2ms ִה ְת ַפּ ְל ִליהָסֵ.בִּ ַיה ְל ִליהִסּ.ַבִּ ַ.יתּ ִמּיסֹ.בִּי 2fs הִתְפַּלְלוּהָסֵ.בּוּהַלְלוּהִסּ.ַ ַ.בּוּתּמּוּס.ֹבּוּ 2mp ִה ְת ַפּלּ.ֵלְנָההֲסִבֶּ.ינָההַלּ.ֵלְנָההִסַּ ֶבּ.ינָהתּ.ַמְנָ ֹהס.בְנָה 2fp ִה ְת ַפּ ֵלּלהָסֵבהַלֵּלהִסֵּ ֹבתּםסֹב Infinitive Construct

ִה ְת ַפּ ֵלּלהָסֵבהַלֵּלהִסֹּ ָבתּמוֹם סָבוֹב Infinitive Absolute

ִמ ְת ַפּ ֵלּלמְהַלֵּ ַלתּםסֹבֵב Active ms ִמ ְת ַפּלּ.ֶ ֶלתמְהַלֶּ. ֶלתתַּמָּהסֹבְבָה Participle fs ִמ ְת ַפּ ְל ִל ְיםמ ַה ְלּ ִל ַיםתּ ִמּיםסֹבְבִים mp ִמ ְת ַפּ ְללוֹת מְהַלְּלוֹת ַתּמּוֹת סֹבְבוֹת fp מוּסָבסָבוּב Passive ms מוּסֶ.בֶתסְבוּבָה Participle fs מוּסַבִּיםסְבוּבִים mp מוּסַבּוֹת סְבוּבוֹת fp