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Factors Affecting the Adoption of Gap by Growers in Producing Crops in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand

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Factors Affecting the Adoption of Gap by Growers in Producing Crops in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF GAP BY GROWERS IN PRODUCING CROPS IN PHETCHABURI PROVINCE, THAILAND By Mr. Enold ALMERICE A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master of Science (BIOSCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE) Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2020 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการส่งเสริมระบบการผลิตพืชแบบ GAP ในจังหวัดเพชรบุรี โดย Mr.Enold Almerice วิทยานิพนธ์น้ีเป็นส่วนหน่ึงของการศึกษาตามหลกั สูตรวิทยาศาสตรมหาบณั ฑิต สาขาวิชาชีววิทยาศาสตร์เพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ยง่ั ยืน แผน ก แบบ ก 2 (หลักสูตรนานาชาติ) บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร ปีการศึกษา 2563 ลิขสิทธิ์ของบัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF GAP BY GROWERS IN PRODUCING CROPS IN PHETCHABURI PROVINCE, THAILAND By Mr. Enold ALMERICE A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master of Science (BIOSCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE) Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2020 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University Title FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF GAP BY GROWERS IN PRODUCING CROPS IN PHETCHABURI PROVINCE, THAILAND By Enold ALMERICE Field of Study (BIOSCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE) Advisor Alisa Kongjaimun Yoshida Graduate School Silpakorn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Dean of graduate school (Associate Professor Jurairat Nunthanid, Ph.D.) Approved by Chair person (Assistant Professor CHAOWANEE LAOSUTTHIPONG ) Advisor ( Alisa Kongjaimun Yoshida ) Co advisor (Associate Professor Mana Kanjanamaneesathian ) External Examiner (Assistant Professor Chainarong Rattanakreetakul , Dr.sc.agr) D ABST RACT 61752203 : Major (BIOSCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE) Keyword : GAP, CROP PRODUCTION, PHETCHABURI MR. ENOLD ALMERICE : FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF GAP BY GROWERS IN PRODUCING CROPS IN PHETCHABURI PROVINCE, THAILAND THESIS ADVISOR : ALISA KONGJAIMUN YOSHIDA Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) is a worldwide standard that has been adopted to produce quality crops. Up until now, growers in Thailand have practiced crop production based on GAP, but there are several issues associated with the adoption of GAP. The slow uptake of GAP by growers may be attributed to differences in attitude, education, financial status and land ownership. In Phetchaburi province, Thailand, the growers have been trained to adopt GAP because of concerns about food safety, environmental pollution, and consumer health. This study aimed to investigate GAP adoption by growers and examine the factors influencing the adoption of GAP in producing a crop. The study was divided into 3 parts as follow (1) the study to determine the factors affecting the adoption of GAP by growers in producing crops in Phetchaburi province, (2) the study to determine the factors affecting the implementation of GAP among Banana (Gros Michel) growers in Ban Lat District, Phetchaburi province and (3) the farmer’s interview to obtain their personal view about growing crops based on GAP standard in Phetchaburi province. The data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse growers’ socioeconomic characteristics. In addition, correlation analysis was employed to identify factors influencing GAP implementation. The results of the Part (1) showed that there was a correlation between both farming experience and cultivated area significantly and the adoption of GAP for producing crops. The results of the Part (2) revealed that most of farmers encountered water scarcity. They realized the importance of recording the data during the GAP practice. Gender, number of family members and farming organization membership were the factors highly impacting the implementation of GAP among these banana growers. The results of the Part (3) showed that farmer’s view the advantages of GAP practice in the context that its adoption should maintain high price and access to a wider market. The disadvantage of GAP adoption was that the process to obtain GAP certificate from DOAE was too complicated. The contraints of GAP practice was that collecting data was difficult to execute, particularly for the farmers who were old. This study is useful to understanding those factors that influence the implementation of GAP. This understanding is also helpful to identify ways and means to encourage farmers to adopt GAP. The results from this study should direct the staffs in the relevant organizations to focus on these three key issues to improve growing crops based on GAP E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all, I would like to thank the almighty God for giving me the patient to complete the study along with all the loads. I wish to express my gratitude to the Thailand International Cooperation Agency (TICA), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand for financial support through the two-year scholarship, and providing me with the scholarship opportunity to study for the Master of Science degree in Bioscience for Sustainable Agriculture program at the Faculty of Animal Science and Agriculture Technology (ASAT), Silpakorn University (SU), Phetchaburi IT campus, Cha - Am, Phetchaburi, Thailand. Accept my sincere gratitude for this overwhelming life changing academic milestone. Exceptionally, I address my deep gratitude my honorable appreciation to Assist. Prof. Chaowanee Laosutthipong, President of the Bioscience Program for Sustainable Agriculture and the entire team managing this program for their efforts in providing measurable and targeted education knowledge. Also, I wanted to thank the dean of the faculty of ASAT, SU, PITC and the whole family of teachers. Exceptionally, I express my deep gratitude I would like to express special thanks to my major advisor Dr. Alisa Kongjaimun Yoshida in which all components of this paper work relied on her to reach the completion stage. I also extend deepest thank to my Co-advisor Assoc. Prof. Mana Kanjanamaneesathian who gave me valuable comments and guidance in all my activity in this M.Sc. thesis work. It is my gratitude to my academic advisor Dr. Chaowanee Laosutthipong for his substantial advice and guidance throughout the progress of this study. This dissertation could not have been a success were it not for our expert advice and unfailing patience during the whole study. To whom I can never say thank you enough. Thank you for agreeing to coach me, thank you for having accompanied and supported me throughout this mastery, thank you for the precious advice and the unwavering multifaceted support. I would also like to thank: The teachers at Silpakorn University who contributed to my master training My family which has always been supported to me all the time. To my mother, F JACQUES Marcelle (RIP), I will always cherish the love and care you showed me, a big thank you to my father ALMERICE Altime. I would like to thank my older brother; Petion Francois for his cultivation role since my childhood. My fellow students for helping me get used to it and for the many fruitful exchanges. My friends in Thailand who made me discover their beautiful city and who encouraged me all the time. I also thank the farmers of Phetchaburi province and the agents of the Phetchaburi Ministry of Agriculture who agreed to participate in the survey allowed me to collect the data Enold ALMERICE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. D ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... E TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. G LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ K LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... L LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS .......................................................... I CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Rationale of the study .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Questions .............................................................................................. 4 1.3 Objective of the study .......................................................................................... 5 1.4 Origination of this thesis ...................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................. 6 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................. 6 2.1 Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) ....................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Standards of GAP in Thailand .................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Gap Inspection ............................................................................................ 9 2.1.3 The situation of farmers in the study area, Phetchaburi ........................... 10 2.2 Phetchaburi province ............................................................................................
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