Arts of the Samurai of the Arts
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Japan Between the Wars
JAPAN BETWEEN THE WARS The Meiji era was not followed by as neat and logical a periodi- zation. The Emperor Meiji (his era name was conflated with his person posthumously) symbolized the changes of his period so perfectly that at his death in July 1912 there was a clear sense that an era had come to an end. His successor, who was assigned the era name Taisho¯ (Great Righteousness), was never well, and demonstrated such embarrassing indications of mental illness that his son Hirohito succeeded him as regent in 1922 and re- mained in that office until his father’s death in 1926, when the era name was changed to Sho¯wa. The 1920s are often referred to as the “Taisho¯ period,” but the Taisho¯ emperor was in nominal charge only until 1922; he was unimportant in life and his death was irrelevant. Far better, then, to consider the quarter century between the Russo-Japanese War and the outbreak of the Manchurian Incident of 1931 as the next era of modern Japanese history. There is overlap at both ends, with Meiji and with the resur- gence of the military, but the years in question mark important developments in every aspect of Japanese life. They are also years of irony and paradox. Japan achieved success in joining the Great Powers and reached imperial status just as the territo- rial grabs that distinguished nineteenth-century imperialism came to an end, and its image changed with dramatic swiftness from that of newly founded empire to stubborn advocate of imperial privilege. Its military and naval might approached world standards just as those standards were about to change, and not long before the disaster of World War I produced revul- sion from armament and substituted enthusiasm for arms limi- tations. -
ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL
ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 1 ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL Carte de l’Empire avant la Guerre Civile (octobre 1105) L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 2 ANACHRONE Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL 2007 Rouge : « alliance Rebelles de MON DES CLANS DE L’EMPIRE Zanonaï » (avant la Guerre Civile) Bleu : « Faction Impériale » Rose : clans neutres / indécis (1) Mutsu (2) Dewa (3) Echigo (4) Shimotsuke (5) Yasuki (6) Gogenso (7) Hitashi (8) Awa (9) Kotsuke (10) Sagami (9) Kotsuke (après oct. 1105) (11) Izu Daimyo mort pendant la guerre, son gendre du clan (12) Kai (14) Suriga (15) Etchu Sugiga a hérité du fief (12) Kai (15) Etchu (après oct. 1105) (après oct. 1105) (13) Shinano (18) Totomi (18) Totomi (19) Mikawa (16) Noto (17) Shimosa (après oct. 1105) (19) Mikawa (après oct. 1105) (20) Saïcho Owari (21) Mimasaki (22) Nagato (23) Satsuma (clan dissous en oct.1105, le fief appartient au clan Sagami) L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 3 ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL Carte de l’Empire après la Guerre Civile (juin 1107) L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 4 ANACHRONE Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL 2007 MON DES CLANS DE L’EMPIRE (après la Guerre Civile – juin 1107) (6) (3) (17) (10) (4) (7) (23) (20) (19) (5) Gogenso Sagami Saïcho Owari Yasuki (12) (15) (14) (11) (21) (9) (2) Kai Suriga Kotsuke (13) (8) Shinano (16) (22) (18) (1) Noto Nagato Totomi L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 5 ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL L’EMPIRE SCARABEE L’Empire Scarabée est une contrée rocailleuse et vallonnée, cernée à ses frontières Nord par une chaîne de montagnes (Monts Tatsu, cette région montagneuse abrite environ une centaine de volcans, dont une vingtaine est encore en activité, mais également de nombreuses sources d’eau chaude) ; au Sud, à l’Ouest et à l’Est, par un océan. -
Pictures of an Island Kingdom Depictions of Ryūkyū in Early Modern Japan
PICTURES OF AN ISLAND KINGDOM DEPICTIONS OF RYŪKYŪ IN EARLY MODERN JAPAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ART HISTORY MAY 2012 By Travis Seifman Thesis Committee: John Szostak, Chairperson Kate Lingley Paul Lavy Gregory Smits Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Chapter I: Handscroll Paintings as Visual Record………………………………. 18 Chapter II: Illustrated Books and Popular Discourse…………………………. 33 Chapter III: Hokusai Ryūkyū Hakkei: A Case Study……………………………. 55 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………. 78 Appendix: Figures …………………………………………………………………………… 81 Works Cited ……………………………………………………………………………………. 106 ii Abstract This paper seeks to uncover early modern Japanese understandings of the Ryūkyū Kingdom through examination of popular publications, including illustrated books and woodblock prints, as well as handscroll paintings depicting Ryukyuan embassy processions within Japan. The objects examined include one such handscroll painting, several illustrated books from the Sakamaki-Hawley Collection, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Library, and Hokusai Ryūkyū Hakkei, an 1832 series of eight landscape prints depicting sites in Okinawa. Drawing upon previous scholarship on the role of popular publishing in forming conceptions of “Japan” or of “national identity” at this time, a media discourse approach is employed to argue that such publications can serve as reliable indicators of understandings -
1 Bouilloire À Eau (Tetsubin) De Forme Cylindrique Décorée D’Un Dragon Et De Nuages En Relief
1 Bouilloire à eau (tetsubin) de forme cylindrique décorée d’un dragon et de nuages en relief. Période Meiji – Taisho. H. : 17 cm; l. : 14 cm. 150 - 180 € Round cylindrical iron water-kettle (tetsubin) decorated with a dragon with clouds relief. Meiji - Taisho Period. 2 Bouilloire à eau en métal de forme plate et arrondie (tetsubin). Avec une anse fixe et un motif en bas-relief figurant des chevaux. Le couvercle arbore une poignée en forme de pomme de pin. Période Meiji. H. : 22,5 cm; D. : 21 cm. 250 - 350 € Round flat iron water-kettle (tetsubin) with a fixed handle and decorated in low relief with horses. The lid has a pine-cone shaped knob. Meiji period. 3 Bouilloire à eau (tetsubin) de forme globulaire. Motifs en relief à picots (arare). Le couvercle de cuivre affiche sur l’intérieur la marque Ryûbundô. Période Meiji. l. : 17,5 cm; D. : 16,5 cm 280 - 320 € Globular iron water-kettle (tetsubin) decorated with hailstone (arare) motive. Copper lid marked at the inside Ryûbundô. Meiji Period. 4 Bouilloire à eau (tetsubin) en métal de forme ronde. Motifs en relief à picots (arare). Période Meiji – Taisho. l. : 20 cm; D. : 14 cm. 200 - 250 € Round iron water-kettle (tetsubin) decorated with hailstone (arare) motive. Meiji - Taisho Period. 5 Bouilloire à eau en métal (tetsubin). L’objet arbore un couvercle et des anses en laiton et des décors en relief figurant des phénix. Période Meiji – Taisho. l. : 19 cm; D. : 15 cm. 350 - 450 € Iron water-kettle (testubin) with brass lid and handle and decorated with a relief of phoenixes. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w6w5wz Author Carter, Caleb Swift Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Caleb Swift Carter 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries by Caleb Swift Carter Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor William M. Bodiford, Chair This dissertation considers two intersecting aspects of premodern Japanese religions: the development of mountain-based religious systems and the formation of numinous sites. The first aspect focuses in particular on the historical emergence of a mountain religious school in Japan known as Shugendō. While previous scholarship often categorizes Shugendō as a form of folk religion, this designation tends to situate the school in overly broad terms that neglect its historical and regional stages of formation. In contrast, this project examines Shugendō through the investigation of a single site. Through a close reading of textual, epigraphical, and visual sources from Mt. Togakushi (in present-day Nagano Ken), I trace the development of Shugendō and other religious trends from roughly the thirteenth through mid-nineteenth centuries. This study further differs from previous research insofar as it analyzes Shugendō as a concrete system of practices, doctrines, members, institutions, and identities. -
Honor and Violence: Perspectives on the Akō Incident
Honor and Violence: Perspectives on the Akō Incident Megan McClory April 4, 2018 A senior thesis, submitted to the East Asian Studies Department of Brandeis University, in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Arts degree. Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………1 Law and Morality………………………………………………………………………………...4 Kenka Ryouseibai…………………………………………………………………………5 House Codes……………………………………………………………………………....8 Loyalty as Propaganda…………………………………...………………………………..9 Filial Piety………………………………………………………………………………13 Evolution into Legend……………………………………………………………………………15 Dissemination……………………………………………………………………………15 Audience…………………………………………………………………………………18 Akō as an Example………………………………………………………………………19 Modern Day……………………………………………………………………………...20 Sengaku-ji………………………………………………………………………………. 22 Chūshingura as a Genre………………………………………………………………… 25 Ukiyo-e………………………………………………………………………………...…25 Appeal and Extension to Non-Samurai………………………………..…………………………28 Gihei the Merchant………………………………………………………………………28 Injustice…..………………………………………………………………………………35 Amae …………………………………………………………………………………….38 Collective Honor…………………………………………………………………………41 Women in Chūshingura………………………………………………………………….44 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….47 List of Names and Characters Adapted from David Bell Chushingura and the Floating World: The Representation of Kanadehon Chushingura in Ukiyo-e Prints Enya Hangan A young provincial noble and Lord of the castle of Hoki under the shogun Ashikaga Takauji. Asano Takuminokami Naganori, Lord of Akō in the province of Harima. -
1 WHAT's in a SUBTITLE ANYWAY? by Katherine Ellis a Thesis
WHAT’S IN A SUBTITLE ANYWAY? By Katherine Ellis A thesis Presented to the Independent Studies Program of the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirements for the degree Bachelor of Independent Studies (BIS) Waterloo, Canada 2016 1 剣は凶器。剣術は殺人術。それが真実。薫どのの言ってる事は...一度も自分 の手血はがした事もないこと言う甘えだれ事でござる。けれでも、拙者は真実よ りも薫どのの言うざれごとのほうが好きでござるよ。願あくはこれからのよはそ の戯れ言の真実もらいたいでござるな。 Ken wa kyouki. Kenjutsu wa satsujinjutsu. Sore wa jijitsu. Kaoru-dono no itte koto wa… ichidomo jishin no te chi wa gashita gotomonaikoto iu amae darekoto de gozaru. Keredomo, sessha wa jujitsu yorimo Kaoru-dono no iu zaregoto no houga suki de gozaru yo. Nega aku wa korekara no yo wa sono zaregoto no jujitsu moraitai de gozaru na. Swords are weapons. Swordsmanship is the art of killing. That is the truth. Kaoru-dono ‘s words… are what only those innocents who have never stained their hands with blood can say. However, I prefer Kaoru- dono’s words more than the truth, I do. I wish… that in the world to come, her foolish words shall become the truth. - Rurouni Kenshin, Rurouni Kenshin episode 1 3 Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 Body Introduction………………………………………………………………….……………………………………..6 Adaptation of Media……………………………………………….…………………………………………..12 Kenshin Characters and Japanese Archetypes……………………………………………………...22 Scripts Japanese………………………………………………………………………………………………….29 English……………………………………………………………………………………………………35 Scene Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………40 Linguistic Factors and Translation………………………………………………………………………53 -
Songs of the Righteous Spirit: “Men of High Purpose” and Their Chinese Poetry in Modern Japan MATTHEW FRALEIGH Brandeis University
Songs of the Righteous Spirit: “Men of High Purpose” and Their Chinese Poetry in Modern Japan MATTHEW FRALEIGH Brandeis University he term “men of high purpose” (shishi 志士) is most com- monly associated with a diverse group of men active in a wide rangeT of pro-imperial and nationalist causes in mid-nineteenth- century Japan.1 In a broader sense, the category of shishi embraces not only men of scholarly inclination, such as Fujita Tōko 藤田東湖, Sakuma Shōzan 佐久間象山, and Yoshida Shōin 吉田松陰, but also the less eru dite samurai militants who were involved in political assas sinations, attacks on foreigners, and full-fledged warfare from the 1850s through the 1870s. Before the Meiji Restoration, the targets of shishi activism included rival domains and the Tokugawa shogunate; after 1868, some disaffected shishi identified a new enemy in the early Meiji oligarchy (a group that was itself composed of many former shishi). Although they I have presented portions of my work on this topic at the Annual Meeting of the Associa- tion for Asian Studies, Boston, March 27, 2007, as well as at colloquia at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Brandeis University. On each occasion, I have benefited from the comments and questions of audience members. I would also like to thank in particu- lar the two anonymous reviewers of the manuscript, whose detailed comments have been immensely helpful. 1 I use Thomas Huber’s translation of the term shishi as “men of high purpose”; his article provides an excellent introduction to several major shishi actions in the 1860s. -
Schaftliches Klima Und Die Alte Frau Als Feindbild
6 Zusammenfassung und Schluss: Populärkultur, gesell- schaftliches Klima und die alte Frau als Feindbild Wie ein extensiver Streifzug durch die großstädtische Populärkultur der späten Edo-Zeit gezeigt hat, tritt darin etwa im letzten Drittel der Edo-Zeit der Typus hässlicher alter Weiber mit zahlreichen bösen, ne- gativen Eigenschaften in augenfälliger Weise in Erscheinung. Unter Po- pulärkultur ist dabei die Dreiheit gemeint, die aus dem volkstümlichen Theater Kabuki besteht, den polychromen Holzschnitten, und der leich- ten Lektüre der illustrierten Romanheftchen (gōkan) und der – etwas gehobenere Ansprüche bedienenden – Lesebücher (yomihon), die mit einem beschränkten Satz von Schriftzeichen auskamen und der Unter- haltung und Erbauung vornehmlich jener Teile der Bevölkerung dien- ten, die nur eine einfache Bildung genossen hatten. Durch umherziehen- de Leihbuchhändler fand diese Art der Literatur auch über den groß- städtischen Raum hinaus bis hin in die kleineren Landflecken und Dör- fer hinein Verbreitung. Die drei Medien sind vielfach verschränkt: Holzschnitte dienen als Werbemittel für bzw. als Erinnerungsstücke an Theateraufführungen; Theaterprogramme sind reich illustrierte kleine Holzschnittbücher; die Stoffe der Theaterstücke werden in den zahllo- sen Groschenheften in endlosen Varianten recyclet; in der Heftchenlite- ratur spielt die Illustration eine maßgebliche Rolle, die Illustratoren sind dieselben wie die Zeichner der Vorlagen für die Holzschnitte; in einigen Fällen sind Illustratoren und Autoren identisch; Autoren steuern Kurz- texte als Legenden für Holzschnitte bei. Nachdrücklich muss der kommerzielle Aspekt dieser „Volkskultur“ betont werden. In allen genannten Sparten dominieren Auftragswerke, die oft in nur wenigen Tagen erledigt werden mussten. Die Theaterbe- treiber ließen neue Stücke schreiben oder alte umschreiben beziehungs- weise brachten Kombinationen von Stücken zur Aufführung, von wel- chen sie sich besonders viel Erfolg versprachen. -
Catalogue 229 Japanese and Chinese Books, Manuscripts, and Scrolls Jonathan A. Hill, Bookseller New York City
JonathanCatalogue 229 A. Hill, Bookseller JapaneseJAPANESE & AND Chinese CHINESE Books, BOOKS, Manuscripts,MANUSCRIPTS, and AND ScrollsSCROLLS Jonathan A. Hill, Bookseller Catalogue 229 item 29 Catalogue 229 Japanese and Chinese Books, Manuscripts, and Scrolls Jonathan A. Hill, Bookseller New York City · 2019 JONATHAN A. HILL, BOOKSELLER 325 West End Avenue, Apt. 10 b New York, New York 10023-8143 telephone: 646-827-0724 home page: www.jonathanahill.com jonathan a. hill mobile: 917-294-2678 e-mail: [email protected] megumi k. hill mobile: 917-860-4862 e-mail: [email protected] yoshi hill mobile: 646-420-4652 e-mail: [email protected] member: International League of Antiquarian Booksellers, Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association of America & Verband Deutscher Antiquare terms are as usual: Any book returnable within five days of receipt, payment due within thirty days of receipt. Persons ordering for the first time are requested to remit with order, or supply suitable trade references. Residents of New York State should include appropriate sales tax. printed in china item 24 item 1 The Hot Springs of Atami 1. ATAMI HOT SPRINGS. Manuscript on paper, manuscript labels on upper covers entitled “Atami Onsen zuko” [“The Hot Springs of Atami, explained with illustrations”]. Written by Tsuki Shirai. 17 painted scenes, using brush and colors, on 63 pages. 34; 25; 22 folding leaves. Three vols. 8vo (270 x 187 mm.), orig. wrappers, modern stitch- ing. [ Japan]: late Edo. $12,500.00 This handsomely illustrated manuscript, written by Tsuki Shirai, describes and illustrates the famous hot springs of Atami (“hot ocean”), which have been known and appreciated since the 8th century. -
Nihontō Compendium
Markus Sesko NIHONTŌ COMPENDIUM © 2015 Markus Sesko – 1 – Contents Characters used in sword signatures 3 The nengō Eras 39 The Chinese Sexagenary cycle and the corresponding years 45 The old Lunar Months 51 Other terms that can be found in datings 55 The Provinces along the Main Roads 57 Map of the old provinces of Japan 59 Sayagaki, hakogaki, and origami signatures 60 List of wazamono 70 List of honorary title bearing swordsmiths 75 – 2 – CHARACTERS USED IN SWORD SIGNATURES The following is a list of many characters you will find on a Japanese sword. The list does not contain every Japanese (on-yomi, 音読み) or Sino-Japanese (kun-yomi, 訓読み) reading of a character as its main focus is, as indicated, on sword context. Sorting takes place by the number of strokes and four different grades of cursive writing are presented. Voiced readings are pointed out in brackets. Uncommon readings that were chosen by a smith for a certain character are quoted in italics. 1 Stroke 一 一 一 一 Ichi, (voiced) Itt, Iss, Ipp, Kazu 乙 乙 乙 乙 Oto 2 Strokes 人 人 人 人 Hito 入 入 入 入 Iri, Nyū 卜 卜 卜 卜 Boku 力 力 力 力 Chika 十 十 十 十 Jū, Michi, Mitsu 刀 刀 刀 刀 Tō 又 又 又 又 Mata 八 八 八 八 Hachi – 3 – 3 Strokes 三 三 三 三 Mitsu, San 工 工 工 工 Kō 口 口 口 口 Aki 久 久 久 久 Hisa, Kyū, Ku 山 山 山 山 Yama, Taka 氏 氏 氏 氏 Uji 円 円 円 円 Maru, En, Kazu (unsimplified 圓 13 str.) 也 也 也 也 Nari 之 之 之 之 Yuki, Kore 大 大 大 大 Ō, Dai, Hiro 小 小 小 小 Ko 上 上 上 上 Kami, Taka, Jō 下 下 下 下 Shimo, Shita, Moto 丸 丸 丸 丸 Maru 女 女 女 女 Yoshi, Taka 及 及 及 及 Chika 子 子 子 子 Shi 千 千 千 千 Sen, Kazu, Chi 才 才 才 才 Toshi 与 与 与 与 Yo (unsimplified 與 13 -
The Meiji Restoration
Stanford Model United Nations Conference 2014 ! The Meiji Restoration ! ! ! Chair: Justin Hsuan, [email protected] CoChair: Jiabo Feng Crisis Director: Brooke Mandujano ! ! Dear Delegates, Welcome to this special committee! I hope you are as excited as I am. As you will witness first-hand, the Meiji Restoration was a dramatic turning point in Japan’s history. For that reason, many believe it to be more accurately a revolution. Please first consider the tumultuous environment of the 19th century. This was the age of rapid industrialization. Across the world populations were shifting due to urbanization, factories were displacing farms, and new markets were being created. Hungry for new consumers and the natural resources necessary, newly-industrialized nations sent emissaries overseas to search for new opportunities in foreign lands. Asia became a prime target for Western governments as Europe and the United States made inroads on countries such as India, China, and Japan. Now please consider the state of Japan at this time. Imagine a government being threatened for the first time by a Western power. Imagine an ultimatum signed by the U.S. President threatening military action to enforce open trade between Japan and the West. Imagine the numerous young and patriotic samurai witnessing their beloved nation threatened and helpless to resist. Imagine the rice farmers moving from the villages to the capital city of Edo for the first time to open up shops. Imagine wealthy merchants who still cannot gain the respect of poor peasants and impoverished samurai. I hope that is helpful to attempt to gain the mindset of the people of Japan during this fascinating and chaotic time.