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El LHC Muestra En Barcelona Los Datos De Sus Tres Primeros Años De Funcionamiento

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El LHC Muestra En Barcelona Los Datos De Sus Tres Primeros Años De Funcionamiento CIENCIAS El LHC muestra en Barcelona los datos de sus tres primeros años de funcionamiento Cerca de 1.750 billones de colisiones, unos 17 petabytes de información y el descubrimiento de un bosón de Higgs que cada vez se parece más al predicho por el modelo estándar de física de partículas. Son algunos de los resultados proporcionados por el LHC desde su puesta en marcha y que se acaban de presentar en la conferencia internacional LHCP 2013 en Barcelona. CPAN 20/5/2013 17:03 CEST Reconstrucción de un bosón de Higgs en el experimento CMS. / CERN A medida que se analiza la nueva partícula elemental descubierta en el Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC), más se parece al bosón de Higgs que predice la teoría. Esta es una de las principales conclusiones que se extraen de la Large Hadron Collider Physics Conference (LHCP 2013), un congreso internacional que reunió la semana pasada en Barcelona a 300 expertos mundiales en la física del mayor acelerador de partículas del mundo. CIENCIAS El congreso, que nace de la fusión de dos congresos con larga tradición, se establece como la conferencia de referencia para la física que se estudia en aceleradores de partículas como el LHC. Esta primera edición en Barcelona ha sido organizada por el Instituto de Física de Altas Energías (IFAE) y contó con el apoyo del Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (CPAN). El LHC se encuentra actualmente en su primera parada técnica larga, sometido a operaciones de mantenimiento y actualización de algunos de sus componentes. En sus tres primeros años, el buen funcionamiento del acelerador del Laboratorio Europeo de Física de Partículas (CERN) ha permitido a los experimentos ATLAS y CMS acumular gran cantidad de datos. Los análisis presentados en esta conferencia han utilizado cuatro veces más datos que los utilizados para declarar el descubrimiento de la nueva partícula en julio de 2012, alrededor de 25 femtobarn inversos para cada uno de los grandes experimentos del LHC. Las cifras acumuladas del LHC marean: de los 1.750 billones de eventos o colisiones producidos desde su inicio –marzo de 2010–, cada uno de los experimentos han seleccionado unos 17.000 millones de sucesos de interés para los científicos, lo que supone almacenar unos 17 petabytes en la red mundial de computación distribuida Grid para su posterior análisis. En Barcelona se presentaron nuevos análisis de canales de desintegración del bosón de Higgs –modos en los que la partícula se desintegra en otras más estables–, importantes para reconstruir su producción en el LHC. Algunos de estos resultados fueron presentados por investigadores españoles presentes en las colaboraciones internacionales. Alrededor de 200 científicos de universidades y centros de investigación españoles participan en el LHC. Estos análisis complementan a los mostrados en otras conferencias del área como la de Moriond el pasado mes de febrero. A medida que los científicos analizan mejor la nueva partícula descubierta, más se va pareciendo al bosón de Higgs que predice el Modelo Estándar de Física de Partículas, teoría que describe las partículas elementales y sus interacciones. CIENCIAS Más allá del higgs Pero el programa de investigación del LHC es mucho más que el bosón de Higgs. En la conferencia LHCP 2013 de Barcelona se presentaron nuevos resultados del programa de colisiones de iones pesados, que intenta recrear las condiciones de la materia instantes después del big bang, así como la búsqueda de nuevos territorios de la Física como partículas supersimétricas, la diferencia entre materia y antimateria o la física del quark top, el más pesado de los componentes del protón que los científicos utilizan como 'pista' para descubrir nueva física. La nueva física también se dirige a las partículas supersimétricas, la materia-antimateria o al pesado quark top Para Mario Martínez, organizador de la LHCP 2013, "los resultados presentados han sido magníficos. El bosón de Higgs descubierto cada vez se parece más al del modelo estándar, aunque faltan más datos y tiempo para terminar su análisis. Seguimos buscando cualquier señal de nueva física que explique lo que queda por descubrir como, por ejemplo, si el Higgs viene solo, o cuál es la naturaleza de la materia oscura. Esperamos con mucho interés los datos que aportará el LHC en 2015 cuando doble la energía de las colisiones". El programa de la conferencia se completó con una charla pública del profesor Tejinder Virdee, del Imperial College de Londres, en CosmoCaixa. Virdee conoció en Barcelona que ha sido uno de los galardonados con el premio del área de Física de Altas Energías y Física de Partículas de la European Physical Society (EPS), junto a Michel Della Negra y Peter Jenni, por su trabajo al liderar el comienzo de las colaboraciones ATLAS y CMS, merecedoras también del premio en esa categoría por el descubrimiento del bosón de Higgs. El premio al físico joven experimental en física de partículas recayó en el español Diego Martinez Santos, por su papel en los análisis del experimento LHCb para hallar la primera evidencia de un tipo especial de desintegración CIENCIAS de las partículas conocidas como mesones Bs. La conferencia LHCP, que concluyó el sábado, "culmina un trabajo de casi dos años de preparativos", señala Martínez, "y el que se haya organizado en Barcelona da una merecida visibilidad a la física de partículas en España". Derechos: Creative Commons TAGS IFAE HIGGS LHC CERN CPAN Creative Commons 4.0 Puedes copiar, difundir y transformar los contenidos de SINC. Lee las condiciones de nuestra licencia .
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