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(Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae & Polistinae) in Bhutan

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(Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae & Polistinae) in Bhutan J Insect Biodivers Syst 03(2): 91–104 ISSN: 2423-8112 JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS Research Article http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/02867802-959C-46A4-BB1D-00685757D92F Taxonomic study of social vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae & Polistinae) in Bhutan Phurpa Dorji1*, 2, Wim Klein3 and Tshering Nidup2 1 Royal Society for Protection of Nature (RSPN), Thimphu, Bhutan. 2 School of Life Science, Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Kanglung, Bhutan. 3 Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. ABSTRACT. The social vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae and Polistinae) was studied in Bhutan during 2014-2016. A total of fifteen species were collected and identified that all of them are reported as new Received: 17 February, 2017 records from Bhutan: Vespa vivax Smith, V. velutina variana van der Vecht, V. fumida van der Vecht, Dolichovespula lama (du Buysson), Vespula flaviceps Accepted: Smith, V. nursei Archer, V. vulgaris (Linnaeus), V. structor (Smith), Polistella 01 March, 2017 (Polistella) nigritarsus (Cameron), Parapolybia varia (Fabricius), P. nodosa van der Published: Vecht, Ropalidia artifex (de Saussure), R. stigma (Smith), R. ornaticeps (Cameron) 01 March, 2017 and R. rufoplagiata gravelyi (Dover & Rao). Diagnostic characters and Subject Editor: geographical distribution of all species are presented. Cornelis van Achterberg Key words: Hornets, Yellow jackets, Paper wasps, New records, Bhutan Citation: Dorji, P., Klein, W. & Nidup, T. (2017) Taxonomic study of social vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae & Polistinae) in Bhutan. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 3(2), 91–104. Introduction Wasps of the subfamilies Vespinae and 1981) (Archer, 1999, 2006), Polistes (Polistella) Polistinae are known as hornets and adustus Bingham, 1897 (Nguyen, Kojima & yellow jackets, and paper wasps, Saito, 2011), Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus respectively. The adults visit flowers sulcatus Smith, 1852, Polistes (Gyrostoma) searching for sugar-rich food materials as olivaceus (De Geer, 1773), Polistes they feed on it. They help in pollinating (Gyrostoma) rothneyi sikkimensis van der the flowers. Besides, adults also predate Vecht, 1968, Polistes (Polistella) santoshae Das & Gupta, 1989, Ropalidia fasciatus on insects to feed their developing larvae. (Fabricius), R. rufocollaris (Cameron, 1900), Though ecologically important, the social R. jocobsoni (du Buysson) and Ropalidia wasps have been scarcely studied in santoshae Das & Gupta, 1989 (Dorji, Klein & Bhutan. Nidup, 2016) were recorded previously Vespa fumida van der Vecht, 1959 had from Bhutan. In this study, three Vespa, four been reported from Padong, Bhutan Vespula, one Dolichovespula, four Ropalidia, (Carpenter & Kojima, 1997; Das & Gupta, two Parapolybia and one Polistes species are 1989), Dolichovespula xanthicinta (Archer, reported as new records from Bhutan. Corresponding author: Phurpa Dorji, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2017, Dorji et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 92 Taxonomic study of Vespidae in Bhutan Material and methods 90°43΄34.8"E, 2826 m), Leg.: Phurpa Dorji & Wim Klein. During the survey in the year 2014 – 2016, adult specimens were collected, mounted Distribution: India, Nepal, Northern Myanmar, dry and morphologically examined with Thailand, China and Taiwan (Archer, 2012; stereoscopic microscope (Olympus, Tokyo). Das & Gupta, 1989), new record for Bhutan. Nikon D3300 with attached AF-S Micro 2. Vespa velutina variana van der Vecht, Nikkor 40 mm macro lens was used for 1957 (Fig. 1: D, E & F) taking photographs, digital Vernier caliper nearest to 0.01 mm used for the Diagnosis: Second metasomal tergum black measurements of body length, and Garmin with a yellow or orange band on the apical eTrex 10 for coordinates (DMS) and elevation margin; head and pronotum mainly orange- (meters above sea level). Identification was yellow, pale brown or reddish brown; upper based on the keys and descriptions provided part of the gena not black; mesoscutum black by Archer, 1989, 2012; Bingham, 1897; with two stripes, not continuous from the Carpenter & Nguyen, 2003; Das & Gupta, anterior to posterior margins; third and 1989; Kumar & Sharma, 2014, 2015; fourth metasomal terga with an apical broad Mahmood, Ullah, Aziz, Hasan & Inayatullah, orange-yellow band or mainly orange-yellow; 2012; Nguyen, Kojima & Saito, 2011; mesoscutellum entirely yellow-brown; fifth Nguyen, Saito, Kojima & Carpenter, 2006; and sixth metasomal terga dark-brown. Tan, Achterberg, Duan & Chen, 2014. The Materials examined: NBCB-00089, 31.viii. specimens were deposited in National 2016, 1 ♀, Wangbama, Thimphu, Bhutan Biodiversity Centre Bhutan (NBCB), (27°18΄45.75"N & 89°34΄36.28"E, 2235 m), Serbithang, Bhutan. Leg.: Phurpa Dorji & Wim Klein. Distribution: Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam (Das Results & Gupta, 1989), new record for Bhutan. 1. Vespa vivax Smith, 1870 (Fig. 1: A, B & C) Diagnosis: Pretegula carina incomplete and 3. Vespa fumida van der Vecht, 1959 (Fig. 1: pronotal carina much interrupted by the G, H & I) pronotal pit; clypeus without black Diagnosis: Pretegula carina complete and markings; punctures on the basal clypeus pronotal carina little interrupted by the widely separated so that a large surface pronotal pit; laterally, punctures on the without punctures is present; 2nd and 5th second metasomal tergum not so large and metasomal tergites black with 2nd tergites generally with distances between punctures having a narrow apical yellow or orange larger than puncture diameters; first band; vertex not black; thorax and metasomal tergum short, as seen from above, propodeum black. less than half as long as wide; metasoma Materials examined: NBCB-00082 & NBCB- quite similar to V. analis nigrans and V. 00083, 7.viii.2016, 2 ♀♀, Dumcho, Haa, mandarinia magnifica in having 1st–5th Bhutan (27°21΄46.5"N & 89°17΄48.1"E, 2635 metasomal tergites black but V. fumida m), Leg.: Tshering Nidup & Wim Klein; doesn’t have the apical bands on metasomal NBCB-00084, NBCB-00085, NBCB-00086, tergites; lateral apical margin of clypeus not NBCB-00087 & NBCB-00088, 16.viii.2016, 5 produced as a triangular projection but ♀♀, Lamaigonpa, Bumthang, Bhutan (Ugyen semicircular in shape; clypeus strongly Wangchuk Institute for Conservation and swollen in the basal two-thirds, sloping Environment (UWICE) compound around steeply to the apical margin so that in lateral the Apis cerana hives, 27°32΄31.6"N & view the clypeus appears strongly convex. Dorji et al. 93 Figure 1. A., B. & C.: Dorsal, lateral & frontal view of Vespa vivax; D., E. & F.: Dorsal, lateral and frontal view of V. velutina variana; G., H. & I.: Dorsal, lateral & frontal view of V. fumida. Materials examined: NBCB-00090, 18.viii. 4. Dolichovespula lama (du Buysson, 2016, 1 ♀, Ngatshang, Mongar, Bhutan 1903) (Fig. 2: A, B & C) (27°18΄24.5"N & 91°19΄56.6"E, 1936 m), Diagnosis: Lower lateral pronotum not Leg.: Phurpa Dorji & Wim Klein. rugose; ocular sinus often mainly yellow; Distribution: Nepal, India and Northern apical lateral angles of the clypeus Myanmar (Archer 2012), new record for prominent triangular projection; dorsal Bhutan. yellow stripes present on the pronotum, Remarks: Vespa fumida had been reported lateral yellow spot present on the from Padong, Bhutan (Carpenter & Kojima, mesoscutellum and metanotum; no 1997; Das & Gupta, 1989). However, going punctures are present on the centre of the by the present geographical location, clypeus. Padong is in Indian state of Sikkim, not in Materials examined: NBCB-00111 & Bhutan. Therefore, this species is treated NBCB-00112, 16.viii.16, 2 ♀♀, Lamaigonpa, as new record for Bhutan. Bumthang, Bhutan (UWICE campus, 94 Taxonomic study of Vespidae in Bhutan 27°32΄31.6"N & 90°43΄34.8"E, 2826 m), Leg.: Trashigang, Bhutan (27°17΄11.25"N & Phurpa Dorji & Wim Klein; NBCB-00113, 91°31΄25.32"E, 1861 m), Leg.: Phurpa Dorji. 11.viii.16, 1 ♀, Dawakha, Wangdiphodrang, Distribution: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan (27°35΄39.51"N & 89°52΄19.59"E, 1235 Myanmar, Laos, China, Taiwan, Korea, m), Leg.: Tshering Nidup & Wim Klein; Russia, Thailand, Japan (Archer, 2012; Das NBCB-00114, 13.viii.16, 1 ♀, Phobjikha, & Gupta, 1989; Mahmood et al., 2012), new Wangdiphodrang, Bhutan (way towards record for Bhutan. Pelella Pass, 27°30΄45.7"N & 90°10΄15.2"E, 3213 m), Leg.: Tshering Nidup & Wim 6. Vespula nursei Archer, 1981 (Fig. 3: A, Klein; NBCB-00115, 17.viii.16, 1 ♀, B & C) Phrumshengla Pass, Phrumsengla National Diagnosis: Hind tibiae without long erect Park, Mongar, Bhutan (27°24΄05.2"N & hairs; anterior angles of the clypeus 90°59΄44.81"E, 3755 m), Leg.: Phurpa Dorji & bluntly produced in females; mesoscutum Wim Klein. entirely black; large punctures on Distribution: India, China (Archer, 1999, mesoscutum with the distance between 2006, 2012; Carpenter & Kojima, 1997; Das them generally greater than the puncture & Gupta, 1989), new record for Bhutan. diameter; metasoma with reddish brown Remarks: D. lama has been reported markings; oculo-malar space short; between 3350 m and 4200 m above sea occipital carina long occupying about 70% level (Archer, 2006). New record for of the lateral length of the head; clypeus Bhutan with new altitudinal range (1235 largely yellow with three black spots; m above sea level).
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