AMERICANt MUSEUM Novrtates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3199, 96 pp. May 16, 1997

Catalog of in the Polistine Tribe (: )

JUN-ICHI KOJIMA4A AND JAMES M. CARPENTER2

ABSTRACT A comprehensive catalog of species in the pol- don, are designated. Lectotypes of three species istine tribe Ropalidiini, which comprises four gen- described by Smith in the Hope Entomological era endemic to the Old World (, Para- Collections, Oxford, and of one species described polybia, , and ), is pre- by Cheesman in the Natural History Museum, sented. A total of 225 species and subspecies are London, are designated. Nomenclatural changes treated as valid in Ropalidia, nine in , include transfer of Odynerus jaculator Smith, six (and one variety) in Polybioides, and 85 in 1871, to Ropalidia, NEW COMBINATION; and Belonogaster. Lectotypes of 14 species described synonymy of sericea Cameron, 1911, with by Cameron in the Zoologisch Museum, Amster- Ropalidia wollastoni (Meade-Waldo, 1912), NEW dam, and in the Natural History Museum, Lon- SYNONYMY.

INTRODUCTION The subfamily of the fam- the largest polistine genus, whose distribu- ily Vespidae, consisting of more than 800 tion is confined to the New World; Ropali- species in 27 genera (Carpenter, 1996; see diini includes the four genera endemic to the also Carpenter et al., 1996), can be divided Old World including Oceania (namely, Be- into four monophyletic tribes (Carpenter, lonogaster, Parapolybia, Polybioides, and 1993). The tribe Polistini comprises the large Ropalidia); and includes the re- cosmopolitan genus ; the tribe Mis- maining 21 New World, swarm-founding chocyttarini consists only of , genera.

I Research Associate, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History; Natural History Labo- ratory, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310, Japan (corresponding address). 2 Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History.

Copyright C American Museum of Natural History 1997 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $6.40 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Of the four tribes, Ropalidiini is of special positories. While such information for parts interest from the viewpoint of the evolution of of social behavior in Ropalidiini may be extracted from mono- because it in- or for faunas cludes both independent- and swarm-found- graphs catalogs in certain zoo- ing species. This suggests that swarm-found- logical regions (Bequaert, 1918; van der ing Vecht, 1941, 1962, 1966; Richards, 1978, evolved in Ropalidiini and Epiponini in- 1982; Hensen and dependently. Further, Ropalidiini includes Blommers, 1987; Das and the Gupta, 1984, 1989; Giordani Soika, 1991), genus Ropalidia, which is one of the the last that largest polistine genera, comprising over catalog covers all the contem- 180 poraneous species that are currently placed species, and is the only polistine genus that in includes both the Ropalidiini is that by Dalla Torre independent- and swarm- (1904). That work is more than founding species. Thus, swarm-founding 90 years old, evolved and a large number of species have been de- at least twice in the tribe Ropalidiini, scribed since then. We once in Ropalidia and once in present here the first Polybioides comprehensive, modern catalog for the spe- (Carpenter, 1991; Jeanne, 1991). These facts cies of provide an excellent opportunity: detailed Ropalidiini. comparative The catalog includes all the species-group studies of social behavior in Ro- names of in the palidia and Ropalidiini as a whole will Ropalidiini sense of Carpen- en- ter (1993). The names are arranged alpha- able us to better understand the evolution of in each social behavior in the betically genus insofar as they are Polistinae. regarded as valid in the most recent citation Another biological fact of interest for the (unless otherwise noted in tribe is its biogeography. Of the four ropali- brackets). Each diine genera, name is accompanied by the original citation, Ropalidia is distributed in the followed by and greater part of the Old World with a mild synonymies generic climate, changes, which are arranged chronologically. Parapolybia is restricted to the Other references are listed Asian and Papuan regions, chronologically Polybioides has a under each synonym or generic change, re- disjunct distributional pattern (namely, in the of Indo-Papuan and gardless changes in gender or incorrect Ethiopian regions), and Be- are indicated lonogaster is Ethiopian and spellings (these in brackets, Malagasy with a with a exclamation mark for an incorrect few species extending into the Indian sub- Where two continent. Such spelling). dates are listed, the first distributional pattems invite is the true date of publication, while the date biogeographic explanations from the view- listed in parentheses is that in the point of plate tectonics (Carpenter, 1993, printed 1996). source.3 In addition to the nomenclatural ref- erences, we tried to list as many papers as Studies of either the evolution of social be- possible that deal with havior or biogeography should distribution or with refer to well- behavioral and ecological studies. Yet, not a corroborated phylogenetic frameworks, few which papers on these subjects, such as records in turn should be established on the of local faunas, those in institu- basis of thorough taxonomic revisions at the appearing species level. Although monographs on the ropalidiine fauna in some 3 For example, Frederick Smith published several pa- restricted zoologi- on the cal regions are available der pers species currently placed in the Ropalidiini (van Vecht, in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean 1941, 1962, 1966; Richards, 1978; Hensen Society and Zoology. Although some of his reprints and each num- Blommers, 1987; Das and Gupta, 1989; ber of the journal have the actual dates of publication Giordani Soika, 1991), comprehensive taxo- on them, the versions of the journal bound into each nomic studies have not been made on ropal- volume, which are now available at libraries and were idiine genera except for a monograph on Be- sold to the public, do not have the actual dates (or the lonogaster by Richards (1982)-which is list of dates) of publication on them. What is printed for now out of date (Hensen and Blommers, the date of publication of each bound volume is "Journal of the .. . 1987). Zoology VOL. I .. . 1857" or something like it on Comprehensive taxonomic the first page. For citations of this journal, the true studies will be date of publication is listed greatly aided by a catalog of the first, and the date printed in available the bound version, if different from the true date of pub- names, their current status, and the type de- lication, is given in parentheses. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 3 tional reports, or in conference proceedings, Entomological Institute, 3005 SW 56th may have been missed. For behavioral and Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32608, ecological studies, the first page of a given U.S.A. paper is listed. In the last paragraph for each Gen6ve: Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Case valid taxon, under DISTRIBUTION, is a sum- Postale 434, CH-1211 Geneve, Switzer- mary of distributional data. When distribu- land. tional records are on continents, they are giv- Genova: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, en according to the countries. However, if the via Brigata Liguria 9, I-16121 Genova, It- records are from areas such as peninsulas and aly. islands, they are given that way regardless of Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, P. 0. country. Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, Museums or institutions where the type U.S.A. specimens are kept are as follows. A code Kiel: University of Kiel, Department of Zo- word precedes each address to designate the ology, Kiel, Germany. museum or institution in the present catalog. Kobenhavn: Universitets Zoologisk Muse- Typically, the designation is the city in which um, Universitetsparken 15, DK 2100, Ko- the collection is located. benhavn, Denmark. Lawrence: Snow Entomological Museum, Adelaide: South Australian Museum, North University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, 66045, U.S.A. Australia. Leiden: Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Amsterdam: Zoologisch Museum Amster- Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Neth- dam, Plantage Middenlaan 64, 1018 DH erlands. Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Linz: coll. Gusenleitner, Pfitznerstrasse 31, Basel: Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Au- A-4020 Linz/Donau, Austria. gustinergastee 2, CH 4051, Basel, Swit- London: The Natural History Museum, zerland. Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, En- Berlin: Zoologisches Museum der Hum- gland. boldt-Universitat, 1040 Berlin, Germany. Melbourne: National Museum of Victoria, 71 Brussels: Institut Royal des Sciences Natu- Victoria Crescent, Abbotsford, Victoria relles de Belgique, 29 Rue Vautier, B-1040 3067, Australia. Brussels, Belgium. Oxford: Hope Entomological Collections, Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 34, University Museum, Parks Road, Oxford Chittaranjan Avenue, Calcutta 700 012, OX1 3PW, England. India (including Gupta collection). Paris: Laboratoire d'Entomologie, Museum Cambridge, U. K.: University Museum of National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue de Zoology, Dowing Street, Cambridge, CB3 Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. 2EJ, England. San Francisco: California Academy of Sci- Cambridge: Museum of Comparative Zool- ences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, ogy, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mas- California 94118, U.S.A. sachusetts 02138, U.S.A. (including Be- Sapporo: Systematic Entomology Labora- quaert collection). tory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Canberra: Australian National Collec- University, Sapporo 060, Japan. tion, Division of Entomology, CSIRO, PO Singapore: Zoological Reference Collection, Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Austra- Department of Zoology, National Univer- lia. sity of Singapore, Kent Ridge, S-05 11 Sin- Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, gapore. Roosevelt Road and Lake Shore Drive, Stockholm: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (En- Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A. tomologiska), S-10405 Stockholm, Swe- Eberswalde: Deutsches Entomologisches In- den. stitut, Eberswalde, Finow 1, 1300, Ger- Sydney: Australian Museum, P. 0. Box many. A285, Sydney South, N.S.W. 2000, Aus- Gainesville: Townes collection, American tralia. 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Tervuren: Koninklijk Museum voor Midden- present International Code of Zoological No- Afrika, Leuvensesleenweg 13, B-3040 menclature (Third edition, 1985). Tervuren, Belgium Torino: Instituto e Museo di Zoologia, Uni- Ancistrocerus catharinae Cameron, 1913: fe- versitA di Torino, via Accademia Albertina male - "Waigeoe, 4. I. '10", "Mevr. de 17, Torino, Italy. Beaufort leg." also with a label on Uppsala: Entomology Department, Zoologi- which are "Ancistrocerus Beauforti cal Museum, Uppsala University, P. 0. Cam. Type" (in Cameron's handwriting) Box 561, S-75122 Uppsala, Sweden. and "Icaria (correction on Ancistroce- Venezia: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, S. rus) Holotype, sec. J. v. d. Vecht '33" Croce 1730, Venezia 30135, Italy. (in van der Vecht's handwriting) (Am- Washington: U. S. National Museum, Wash- sterdam) [probably unique]. ington, D. C. 20560, U.S.A. Icaria bilineata 1905: - Wien: Zoologische Sammlung, Naturhisto- Cameron, female risches Museum, Burgring 7, 1040 Wien, "Tjandi bij Semarang, IV-VI 04 Dresch- Austria. er" also with labels "Cameron coll. 1906-138", "Icaria bilineata Cam. Wufeng: Taiwan Agricultural Research Insti- Java" Cameron's tute, 189 Chungcheng Road, Wufeng, Tai- Type, (in handwrit- chung 41301, Taiwan. ing), and "B.M. TYPE HYM 18.847" Zirich: (London). Two females with the same Entomologisches Institut, Eidgenos- collection data are sische Technische Hochshule, Clausuisstr. paralectotypes (Am- 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland. sterdam). Icaria Phylogenetic relationships among the gen- impetuosa Smith, 1860: female - era of Ropalidiini are: (Ropalidia + Para- "Batchian; Amboyna" labeled "Bac" polybia) + (Polybioides + Belonogaster) and "Lectotype v. d. Vecht des. 1958" (Carpenter, 1991, 1993; Wenzel, 1993; Wen- (Oxford). A female with labels "Amb" zel and Carpenter, 1994). The catalog lists and "Icaria impetuosa (var) Smith" is a the largest genus Ropalidia first, followed by paralectotype (Oxford). its sister group, Parapolybia. The sister Icaria intennedia Cameron, 1905: female - group of this clade is then listed, first Poly- "Tjandi near Semarang, IV-VI 04 bioides, then Belonogaster. Drescher" also with a label on which are "Icaria intermedia Cam. Type, Java" DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPES (in Cameron's handwriting) and "Holo- AND NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES type sec. J. v. d. Vecht '33" (in van der We expect that quite a few nomenclatural Vecht's handwriting) (Amsterdam) changes and type designations in the genus [probably unique]. Ropalidia will derive from ongoing work by Icaria longipetiolata Cameron, 1911: female the senior author. However, because those - "Z. Nieuw Guinea, Lorentz 1909-10, changes still require further taxonomic stud- Noord Rivier, IX. 09" also with labels ies before they are published, only the fol- "Nest B?", "longipetiolata" (in Came- lowing are given in this paper. ron's handwriting), "Holotype", "Icaria longipetiolata Cam. (191 1) Holotype DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPES sec. J. v. d. Vecht '33" (in van der The lectotypes of the following species are Vecht's handwriting) and "Ropalidia herewith designated. Complete label data for longipetiolata (Cam.) det. J. v. d. Vecht all lectotypes are recorded. We examined all 1973" (Amsterdam) [probably unique]. of these types. Although the original descrip- Icaria nigra Smith, 1859: female - "Aru" tions of some of the following species seem also with labels "Type", "Icaria nigra to be based on single specimens, the lecto- Smith", "Icaria nigra Sm." and "Lec- types are designated for them following rec- totype v. d. Vecht desig. 1958" (Oxford) ommendation 73F and the article 74b in the [probably unique]. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 5

Icaria parvimaculata Cameron, 1911, non New Guinea" (in Cameron's handwrit- 1907: female - "Z. Nieuw Guinea Lor- ing) and "Holotype sec. J. v. d. Vecht entz 1909-10, Heurel Bivak, XI 09, 750 1933" (in van der Vecht's handwriting) mi" also with labels "parvimaculata" (Amsterdam) [probably unique]. (in Cameron's handwriting), and "Icaria parvimaculata Cam. Holotype sec. J. v. Icaria spilostoma Cameron, 1906: female - d. Vecht '33" (in van der Vecht's hand- "Manokwari, 23 mei 03" also with la- writing) (Amsterdam). A female with a bels "Icaria spilostoma Cam. Type" (in label "Z. Nieuw Guinea, Lorentz 1909- Cameron's handwriting), "B.M. TYPE 10, Bivak Eiland" is a paralectotype HYM 18.873a" and "Ropalidia spilos- toma (Cam.) Lectotype" (in Richards' (Amsterdam). handwriting) (London). A male with la- Icaria pruinosa Cameron, 1906: female - bels "Manokwari, 2 mei 03" and "Icar- "Nieuw Guinea Expeditie 1904, Di- ia spilostoma Cam. type, New Guinea" goel" also with labels "Icaria pruinosa (in Cameron's handwriting) and "allo- Cam. type, New Guinea" (in Cameron's paratype" (in van der Vecht's handwrit- handwriting) and "Holotype sec. J. v. d. ing) is the allolectotype, and two males Vecht 1933" (in van der Vecht's hand- with the same collection data (but a male writing) and "Ropalidia ferruginea (F) with "15 mei 03") are paralectotypes var. jucunda (Cam.). det. J. v. d. Vecht" (Amsterdam). (Amsterdam), metasomal segments and right forewing lacking [probably Icaria zonata Cameron, 1906: female - unique]. "Moaif, 26 VI-4 VII" also with labels on which are "Icaria zonata Cam. Type, Icaria sericea Cameron, 1911, non 1906: fe- New Guinea" (in Cameron's handwrit- male - "Z. Nieuw Guinea, Lorentz ing) and "Holotype sec. J. V. d. Vecht 1909-10, Bivak Eiland, I.10" also with 33" (in van der Vecht's handwriting), labels "sericea" (in Cameron's hand- and "Ropalidia zonata (Cam.) det. J. v. writing), "Icaria sericea Cam. 1911 Ho- d. Vecht 1974" (Amsterdam). Five fe- lotype by design. J. v. d. Vecht 1933" males with the same collection data are (in van der Vecht's handwriting), "= paralectotypes (three in Amsterdam, one wollastoni M. Waldo, 1912" (in van der in Leiden, and one in London). Vecht's handwriting) and "Ropalidia wollastoni (M. Waldo) = sericea (Cam) Odynerus confraternus Cameron, 1911: fe- 1911, nec 1906, det. J. v. d. Vecht 1934" male - "Z. Nieuw Guinea, Lorentz (Amsterdam) [probably unique]. 1909-10, Noord Rivier, IX. 09" also with a label on which are "Odynerus Icaria sexmaculata Cameron, 1911: female - confraternus Cam. Type" (in Cameron's "Z. Nieuw Guinea, Lorentz 1909-10, handwriting) and "Icaria (correction on Bivak Eiland, II '10" also with labels Odynerus) Holotype, sec. J. v. d. Vecht "6-maculata" (in Cameron's handwrit- 1933" (in van der Vecht's handwriting) ing), "Icaria sexmaculata Cam. Holo- (Amsterdam) [probably unique]. type by design. J. v. d. Vecht 1933" (in van der Vecht's handwriting), "Ropali- Odynerus sariensis Cameron, 1906: female - dia sexmaculata (Cam.) det. J. v. d. "Sari 12 II 03" also with a label "Ody- Vecht '34" (in van der Vecht's hand- nerus sariensis Cam. Type" (in Came- writing) and "Holotype" (Amsterdam). ron's handwriting) and "Holotype sec. J. A female with a label "Z. Nieuw Guin- v.d.Vecht" (in van der Vecht's hand- ea, Lorenz 1909-10, Noord Rivier, writing) (Amsterdam). Another type is X.09" is a paralectotype (Amsterdam). probably in London. Icaria spilocephala Cameron, 1906: female Polybia limatula Smith, 1863: female - - "Nieuw Guinea Expeditie 1904/05, "Mysol" labeled "M", "Polybia lima- Etna baai" also with a label on which tula Smith" and "Lectotype desig. J. v. are "Icaria spilocephala Cam. Type, d. Vecht, Aug. 1958" (Oxford). AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Polybia papuana Cameron, 1913: female - tomol. Ital. 23: 243. Incorrect spelling of "Waigeu, 25 XII 09, Mevr. de Beaufort Icaria de Saussure. leg" also with a label "Polybia papuana Lit.: van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 103- Cam. Type" (in Cameron's handwriting) 190 (revision of Indo-Australian spe- and "Holotype sec. J. v. d. Vecht '33" cies); 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 1- (in van der Vecht's handwriting) (Am- 72, 8 pls. (revision of Indo-Australian sterdam) [probably unique]. species). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 49-131 (subge- Ropalidia insolens Cheesman, 1952: female neric - "Dutch New Guinea, Japen Is., Mt. division, revision of Australian Baduri, 1000 ft. viii. 1938, L. E. Chees- species). - Gadagkar, 1991, in Ross and man, B. M. 1938-593" also with labels Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 149-190 "Type", "L. E. Cheesman det. 1948, in- (ethology of independent-founding spe- solens Chees." and "B.M. TYPE HYM cies). 18.875" (London). De Saussure (1862: 130-133) divided his genus Icaria into three unnamed sections; NEW COMBINATION Dalla Torre (1904: 72) gave the sections Lat- The following generic change is based on in names; and Meade-Waldo (1913: 46) sub- an unpublished note by van der Vecht and sequently designated the type species. Be- exanination of the type in Oxford. quaert (1918: 247) tried to define divisions in the genus Ropalidia, but his definitions Ropalidia jaculator (Smith) = Odynerus ja- were followed by contradiction of the basis culator Smith, 1871 [replacement name for his division (cf. Kojima, 1997). Van der for O. fallax Smith, 1863, non 1861 and Vecht (1962: 3) recognized three subgenera de Saussure, 1852]. for the Oriental species, but he did not refer to species in other zoological regions. CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI Subsequently, Richards (1978) recognized six subgenera in the genus as listed below, Genus Ropalidia Gu6rin-Meneville and arranged most of the described species in these subgenera. While his subgeneric di- Ropalidia Guenin-Meneville, 1831, in Du- vision is now widely accepted, all six sub- perrey, Voyage de la Coquille, Zoologie, genera except Paraicaria are so ill-defined Atlas, Insectes: pl. 9 fig. 8, genus. that one can hardly decide the subgeneric af- Type species: Ropalidia maculiventris filiation of a given species unless the species Guerin-Meneville, 1831, by mono- has already been identified. typy. Rhopalidia Guenrn-Meneville, 1838, in Du- Subgenus Anthreneida White perrey, Voyage de la Coquille, Zoologie 2, 2e partie, 1Pre division: 266. IncorTect Anthreneida Vhite, 1841, Ann. Mag. Nat. spelling of Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville. Hist. (1) 7: 321, genus. Non Rhopalidia Lepeletier, 1836. Type species: Anthreneida coronata Rhopalia Gu6rin-Meneville, 1838, in Duper- White, 1841 [= Vespa sumatrae We- rey, Voyage de la Coquille, Zoologie 2: ber, 1801], by monotypy. 317 (in explanation of plates). Incorrect Anthreneidea de Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. spelling of Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville. Vesp. 2: 235. Incorrect spelling of An- Icaria de Saussure, 1853, E't. Fam. Vesp. 2: threneida White. 22, pls. 4 and 5, genus (20 species). Icariastrum Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insec- Type species: "L maculiventris (Guer.)" torum 19: 72, name for group I of genus [= Ropalidia maculiventris Guerin- Icaria de Saussure in de Saussure, 1862, Meneville, 1831], by subsequent des- Stettin. Entomol. Ztg. 23: 132 (5 spe- ignation of Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. cies). India, Hym. 1: 385. Type species: Icaria opulenta Smith, Icharia Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Soc. En- 1857, by subsequent designation of 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 7

Meade-Waldo, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Cameron, 1906 [= Icaria brunnea Hist. (8) 11: 46. Smith, 1858], by monotypy. Subgenus Icarielia Dalla Torre Subgenus Ropalidia Gue'in-M6neville

Icarielia Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insecto- See genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville. rum 19: 72, name for group II of genus Icaria de Saussure in de Saussure, 1862, Species list Stettin. Entomol. Ztg. 23: 132 (9 spe- cies). Partly because Richards (1978) did not Type species: Icaria flavopicta Smith, treat all the described species when he ar- 1857, by subsequent designation of ranged the species in the subgenera, but Meade-Waldo, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. mainly because the subgenera of Ropalidia Hist. (8) 11: 46. are not, at present, defined phylogenetically Icariella Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insecto- or supported by well-corroborated characters, rum 19, Index: 96. Incorrect spelling of we arrange the Ropalidia species alphabeti- Icarielia Dalla Torre. cally, not according to subgenus. Subgenus Icariola Dalla Torre aethiopica aethiopica (du Buysson) Icaria aethiopica du Buysson, 1907, Rev. Icariola Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insecto- Entomol. 25: 110, female, male -- rum 19: 72, name for group III of genus "Ethiopie meridionale: Dirouhoria" Icaria de Saussure in de Saussure, 1862, (Paris). Stettin. Entomol. Ztg. 23: 133 (11 spe- ?Icaria africana Cameron, 1910, Wiss. Er- cies). gebn. Schwed. Zool. Exp. Kilimandjaro Type species: Icaria gregaria de Saussure, 2 (8), Vesp.: 170, female - "Kilimand- 1853, by subsequent designation of jaro: Kibonoto, 1000-1200 m" (?Stock- Meade-Waldo, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. holm). - Meade-Waldo, 1913, Ann. Hist. (8) 11: 46. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11: 53 (syn. of R. Zuba Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. distigma (Gerstaecker)). - von Schul- (12) 5: 2, 3 (key), 23, subgenus of Ro- thess, 1913, Ark. Zool. 8 (17): 13 (syn. palidia (14 species). Unavailable: no of R. cincta (Lepeletier)). type species designated. Ropalidia aethiopica; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Zuba Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 338 (cat.; distr.; Ser. 61: 57; validation by type selection syn.: ?Icaria africana Cameron). - Gior- of Zuba Cheesman. dam Soika, 1952 (1951), Riv. Biol. Co- Type species: Icaria gregaria de Saussure, lon. 11: 88 (distr.); 1957, Br. Mus. (Nat. 1853, by original designation. Hist.) Exp. S. W. Arabia 1937-38, 1 (31): 484 (distr.); 1961, S. Afr. Anim. Subgenus Paraicaria Gribodo Life 8: 449 (distr.). - Richards, 1985 (1984), Fauna Saudi Arabia 6: 434, fig. Paraicaria Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Soc. 9 (in subgenus Icariola; distr.). Entomol. Ital. 23: 248, genus. Ropalidia africana; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Type species: Paraicaria bicolor Gribodo, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 338 (? syn. of 1892 [= Ropalidia bicolorata van der R. aethiopica (du Buysson)). Vecht, 1962, replacement name], by DISTRIBUTION: Saudi Arabia; Yemen; Sudan; monotypy. Ethiopia; Somalia; Tanzania; South Af- rica (Northern Cape). Subgenus Polistratus Cameron aethiopica bimaculata Giordani Soika Polistratus Cameron, 1906, in Wichmann, Ropalidia aethiopica bimaculata Giordani Nova Guinea 5, Zool. 1: 59, genus. Soika, 1981, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. Type species: Polistratus cariniscutis 113: 172, 175, male, female - "Tanza- 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

nia: Dar es Salaam" (holotype female Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 339 (cat.; Monaco); also from Ethiopia. distr.). DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; Tanzania. DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique. anarchica (de Saussure) aristocratica (de Saussure) Icaria anarchica de Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Icaria aristocratica de Saussure, 1853, Et. Vesp. 2: 34, pl. 5 fig. 4, female - "Mad- Fam. Vesp. 2: 37, female -- "Les Indes agascar" (Paris). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Orientales. Pulo-Pinang" (Torino). - Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 96 (cat.). - de Saus- Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 97 sure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Mada- (cat.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1 1: gascar 20, Hym. 1: 113 (key), 121 (fe- 378 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. male). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. Hym. 9: 117 (cat.). - Bingham, 1897, 9: 117 (cat.). - Bingham, 1898, J. Bom- Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: 387 (key), 391 bay Nat. Hist. Soc. 12 (1): 110. - de (female; distr. ["Pulo-Penang" should Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- be "Pinang"]) [records from India and forsch. Ges. 26 (2): 214. - Dalla Torre, Myanmar based on misdeterminations]. 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Ropalidia anarchica; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. 19: 73 (cat.) [erroneously recorded from Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 339 (cat.; distr. India]. [erroneously recorded from Southern Ropalidia aristocratica; Dover, 1929, Bull. Arabia]). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. Raffles Mus. 2: 47 (distr.). - Macalintal Entomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. En- and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Wash- tomol. 25: 81 (nest). - Richards, 1978, ington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Ica- Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in riola; morphology). - Kojima, 1996, subgenus Icariola; nest; list). - Kojima, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 326, 328. 1988, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 61: 297, Ropalidia aristocratica aristocratica; van - der Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: figs. 22-25 (). Giordani Soika, 44 (in subgenus Icarielia; distr.). - Rich- 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 82 ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: (distr.), 86, 87 (key). 55, 58 (in subgenus Icariola; nest; list). DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. andamanensis Das and Gupta 17: 426 (in subgenus Icarielia; Ropalidia andamanensis Das and Gupta, cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 415. 113 (key), 149 (in subgenus Icarielia). Nomen nudum. DISTRIBUTION: Thailand; Malay Peninsula; Ropalidia andamanensis Das and Gupta, Sumatra. 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 112 artifex artifex (de Saussure) (key), 139, figs. 24c, 26K, 26k, 28b, Icaria variegata Smith; de Saussure, 1853, 28n, map 22, female (in sumatrae group Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 25 (description of fe- of subgenus Anthreneida) - "India: An- male from Java). damans: Port Blair" (Calcutta). Icaria artifex de Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. DISTRIBUTION: India (Andamans). Vesp., 2: 236, female - "Java" (Geneve, Torino) [de Saussure first described this antennata (de Saussure) species under the name variegata Smith, Icaria antennata de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- but after having come to the conclusion didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: the species was not identical with var- 136, footnote, female, male - "'c6te de iegata of Smith, he gave it the name ar- Mozambique" (?Ziirich). - Dalla Torre, tifex]. - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 117 (cat.). - von Mus. 5: 98 (cat.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Schulthess, 1899, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, Nat. (4) 35: 270 (distr.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 117 (cat.; syn: ?Pol- 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). istes bioculata Fabricius, Icaria varie- Ropalidia antennata; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. gata de Saussure) [According to van der 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI

Vecht, 1941, the record "New Cambria" forsch. Ges. 26 (2): 215. - Dalla Torre, is erroneous, as is also the synonymy: 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). "?Pol. bioculata F."]. - Cameron, 1900, Ropalidia atra; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 495 (?male). Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 339 (cat.; distr.). - - Rothney, 1903, Trans. R. Entomol. Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Soc. London 1903: 107. - Dalla Torre, Sci. Nat. 16: 85, 87 (key). 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.) DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. [erroneously recorded from India]. Ropalidia artifex; Dover, 1931 (1930), J. australis (de Saussure) St. Mus. 257. Icaria australis de Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Fed. Mal. 16: - Ropalidia artifex artifex; van der Vecht, Vesp. 2: 24, pl. 34 fig. 5, female "Dor- Treubia 18: 110 (key), 134, male ey. Nouvelle-Guinee" (Paris). - Smith, 1941, - (in stigma group; distr.; "R. artifex was 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 95 (cat.). not recognized since 1853 and the spe- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 117 cies recorded under this name by various (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 - in Wichmann, authors are either R. stigma or R. math- (cat.). Cameron, 1906, ematica"); 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden Nova Guinea 5, Zool. 1: 62 (distr.). - 57: 21 (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). Meade-Waldo, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 9: 448 (distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (in subgenus Icariola; nest). Ropalidia australis; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 416 (in subgenus Anthrenei- de Belgique 4 (5): 50. da; cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. 11: 111 (key), 124, map 17 (in stigma bambusae Richards group of subgenus Anthreneida). Ropalidia bambusae Richards, 1978, Aust. J. DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Malay Peninsula; Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (nest), 57 (list), Borneo; Java. 65 (larva in key), 122 (key), 123, fe- artifex fuscata van der Vecht male, male, nest (in subgenus Polistra- Ropalidia artifex var. fuscata van der Vecht, tus) - "New Guinea: Morobe District, - Ko- 1941, Treubia 18: 136, female, male - Wau" (holotype female London). "N. Sumatra, Toba Lake" (holotype fe- jima and Spradbery, 1987, Kontyfi 55: male Leiden); also from Malay Penin- 603, figs. 9-17 (larva). - Spradbery and sula, Borneo.; 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden Kojima, 1989, Jpn. J. Entomol. 57: 648 57: 22 (distr.; biology). (colony population; nest). - Spradbery, Ropalidia artifexfuscata; Iwata, 1976, Evol. 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Instinct: 295 (in subgenus Anthreneida; Wasps: 350 (colony population). - Ko- 4: 49 ethology). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. jima and Kojima, 1994, Tropics - and Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (nest). - ItO, (caste differentiation). Macalintal 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 20 Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington (ethology). 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Polistratus; Ropalidia artifex; Kojima and Yamane, morphology). 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. DISTRIBUTION: Eastern New Guinea. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 34 (key). bensoni Richards DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Ropalidia bensoni Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Borneo. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 55 (nest), 59 (list), atra (de Saussure) 65 (larva in key), 129 (key), 130, fe- Icaria atra de Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier, male, larva, nest (in subgenus Icarielia) Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: 1 13 (key), - "New Guinea: Morobe district, Wau" 119, female - "Madagascar... dans le (London). - Kojima and Spradbery, Sud-Est" (unique Geneve). - Dalla Tor- 1987, Kontyfi 55: 604, figs. 18-27 (lar- re, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 117 (cat.). - de va). - Spradbery and Kojima, 1989, Jpn. Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- J. Entomol. 57: 640 (biology; nest). - AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 Soc. Biol. Wasps: 350 (colony popula- (cat.). - Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. In- tion). - Wenzel, 1991, in Ross and Mat- dia, Hym. 1: 376, 392 (fig.; distr.; ethol- thews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 487 (nest). - ogy: ".... makes a very large Polybia- Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. like nest."). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Soc. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in sub- Insectorum 19: 75 (cat.). genus Icarielia; morphology). - Kojima, Ropalidia bicolorata bicolorata van der 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 328; Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 38 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 350. (key), 39 (in subgenus Paraicaria; tax- DISTRIBUTION: Eastern New Guinea. onomy; distr.). Replacement name for bicolor (Gribodo), junior secondary bicincta (de Saussure) of Icaria bicincta de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- homonym Ropalidia bicolor (Smith, didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: 1865). - Lee, 1982, Hornets from Agric. 114 (key), Regions China: 83 (key), 96, pl. 3 fig. 136, pl. 4 figs. 3, 3b, pl. 18 10 (in subgenus Paraicaria); 1982, fig. 20, pi. 22 fig. 2, female, male, ethol- Zool. Res. 3: 86 ogy - "Madagascar ... NosibP" (Ge- (in subgenus Paraicar- neve). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. ia; distr.) [error: author Gribodo, 1892]. Hym. 9: - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. 117 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Insects 17: 428 Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): (in subgenus Paraicaria; cat.). - Lee, 1985, Econ. Insect Fauna 218, 232 (female, male). - Dalla Torre, China 30 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). Hym.: : 46 (key), Ropalidia bicincta; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. 54, pl. 3 fig. 10 (in subgenus Paraicaria; Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. female; distr.) [error: author Gribodo, 39: 339 (cat.; 1892]; 1987, in Forest Insects Yunnan: distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- 1349 tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- (in subgenus Paraicaria; key) [er- ror: author Gribodo]. - Das and mol. 25: 82 (nest). - Richards, 1978, Gupta, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (in sub- 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 110, genus Icariola; nest). - Giordani Soika, 153 (key), 154, map 26 (in subgenus 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 86, Paraicaria; distr.) [error: "bicolorata 87 (key), fig. 16. shiva" in map 26 should read "bicolor- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. ata bicolorata"]. Ropalidia bicolorata; Richards, 1978, Aust. bicolor (Smith) J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 55, 59 (in sub- Icaria bicolor Smith, 1865, J. Proc. Linn. genus Paraicaria; coniment on the note Soc. Zool. 8: 90, female - "New Guin- on the nest by Bingham, 1897; list). - ea" (Oxford). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Hym. 9: 117 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insec- Soc. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in sub- torum 19: 73 (cat.). genus Paraicaria; morphology). Ropalidia bicolor; Bequaert, 1932, Res. DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Thailand; China Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold (Yunnan). de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist. (12) 5: 2, 7 bicolorata parvula van der Vecht (redescription of the type). - Richards, Ropalidia bicolorata parvula van der Vecht, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 38 (key), (in subgenus Ropalidia; list). 39, female - "North Borneo, Bettotan DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. near Sandakan" (London). - Lee, 1982, Hornets from Agric. Regions China: 83 bicolorata bicolorata van der Vecht (key), 95, pl. 3 fig. 1 (in subgenus Par- Paraicaria bicolor Gribodo, 1892 (1891), aicaria); 1982, Zool. Res. 3: 86 (in sub- Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 23: 249, female genus Paralidia [!]; distr.); 1985, Econ. - "Chan-Yoma (Alta Birmania)" (Gen- Insect. Fauna China 30 Hym.: Vespo- ova); preoccupied by Ropalidia bicolor idea: 46 (key), 54, pl. 3 fig. 1 (in sub- (Smith) (= Icaria bicolor Smith, 1865). genus Paraicaria; female; distr.); 1987, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 11

in Forest Insects Yunnan: 1349 (in sub- threneida); 1985, Econ. Insect. Fauna genus Paraicaria; key). - Das and Gup- China, 30 Hym.: Vespoidea: 46 (key), ta, 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 1 1: 50, pl. 3 fig. 5 (in subgenus Anthreneida; 153 (key), 155 (in subgenus Paraicar- female, male; distr.). ia). DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Thailand; ?China. DISTRIBUTION: Borneo. binghami wegneri van der Vecht bicolorata shiva Das and Gupta Ropalidia binghami wegneri van der Vecht, Ropalidia bicolorata shiva Das and Gupta, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 8, female 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 428. - "East Borneo, Samarinda, 50 m, Mu- Nomen nudum. ara Kaman" (Leiden). Ropalidia bicolorata shiva Das and Gupta, DISTRIBUTION: Borneo. 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 153 bipartita van der Vecht (key), 154, map 26 [error: "bicolorata Ropalidia flavopicta bipartita van der Vecht, bicolorata" in map 26 should read "bi- 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 58 (key), colorata shiva"], female (in subgenus 61, female (in subgenus Icarielia) - Paraicaria) - "India: Tripura: Dharam- "Luzon: Mountain Province, ... Mt. nagar" (Calcutta); also from Assam, Polis, .. . 5500 ft." (Gainesville). - Bal- Manipur. tazar, 1966, Pac. Insects Monogr. 8: 293 DISTRIBUTION: India (Assam, Manipur, Tri- (in subgenus Icarielia; cat.). pura). Ropalidia bipartita; Kojima, 1982, Kontyui bidens van der Vecht 50: 109 (key), 111 (in subgenus Icarie- Ropalidia bidens van der Vecht, 1996, in van lia; female); 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden der Vecht and Kojima, Zool. Meded., 70: 326, 341, figs. 89, 90, 92-97 (tax- Leiden 70: 99, female, male - "N. W. onomy; distr.). New Guinea, Klamono Oilfds [1°08'S, DISTRIBUTION: Luzon I. 131°30'E]." (holotype female Leiden). bispinosa (Meade-Waldo) DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern New Guinea. Icaria bispinosa Meade-Waldo, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 9: 448 (key), 449, binghami binghami van der Vecht female (in subgenus Icariastrum) - Icaria sumatrae (Weber); Bingham, 1897. "Mimika River" [New Guinea] (Lon- Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: 387 (key), 389 don). (misidentification; not Vespa sumatrae bispinosa; Cheesman, Weber). 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 9. Ropalidia binghami van der Vecht, 1941, Ropalidia bispinosa; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Treubia 18: 109 (key), 113, male - Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold "Luang Prabang, Hat Thoun" [Laos] de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - Richards, 1978, (London); also from Myanmar, Tenas- Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56 (in sub- serim (Mergui). - Richards, 1978, Aust. genus Ropalidia; list). J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern New Guinea. Icariola; list). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 350. brazzai (du Buysson) Ropalidia binghami binghami; van der Icaria brazzai du Buysson, 1906, Rev. En- Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 8 tomol. Caen 25: 1 10, female - "Congo, (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Das L6keti" (Paris). and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects Ropalidia brazzai; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. 17: 416 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.); Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 339 (cat.; prob- 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 110 able syn. of R. guttatipennis (de Saus- (key), 114, map 14 (in marginata group sure); distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1977, of subgenus Anthreneida; ref.). Steenstrupia 4: 125, 128, fig. 1 (distinct ?Ropalidia sumatrae sumatrae; Lee, 1982, species, compared to R. excavata n. sp.; Hornets from Agric. Regions China: 83 distr.). (key), 88, pl. 3 fig. 5 (in subgenus An- DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon; Congo. 12 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

brevita Das and Gupta Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 121 (syn. Ropalidia spatulata van der Vecht 1962, of R. brunnea (Smith)). Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 9 [partim]. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea (Aru, Misool). Ropalidia brevita Das and Gupta, 1984 canaria (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 416. Nomen Cheesman nudum. Ropalidia canaria Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Ropalidia brevita Das and Gupta, 1989, Ori- Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 19, male - ent. Insects Monogr. 11: 110 (key), 121, "Papua, Kokoda" (London). - Richards, map 16, male, female (in marginata 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 group of subgenus Anthreneida) - "In- (in subgenus Icariola; list). dia: Dehli: University Ridge" (holotype DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. male Calcutta); also from Uttar Pradesh, capensis (de Saussure) Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Ben- Icaria capensis de Saussure, 1862, Stettin. gal, Assam, Orissa, Karnataka, Kerala. Entomol. Ztg. 23: 139, female - "le Cap DISTRIBUTION: India. de Bonne Esperance" (Leiden). - Gri- bodo, 1894, in Emery et al., Mem. R. brunnea (Smith) Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 125 (com- Icaria brunnea Smith, 1859, J. Proc. Linn. pared to I. ambigua n. sp.). - Dalla Tor- Soc. Zool. 3: 167, female - "Aru" re, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (cat.); 1904, (London); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). - Cam- Zool. 11: 380 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, eron, 1905, Trans. S. Afr. Philos. Soc. Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (brunea [!]; cat.); 25 (4): 230 (male); 1910, Ann. Trans- 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (brunea vaal Mus. 2 (3): 155. [!]; cat.). Icaria ambigua Gribodo, 1894, in Emery et Polistratus cariniscutis Cameron, 1906, in al., Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: Wichmann, Nova Guinea 5, Zool. 1: 59, 124, female - "Mozambico ... flume female - "Manokwari" (unique "Man- Magnarra" (unique ?Genova). - Dalla okwari, [2] May 03" Amsterdam) [also Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 with a label on which are "Polistratus (cat). - du Buysson, 1914, in Voy. Al- cariniscutis Cam. Type, New Guinea" luad et Jeannel, Afr. Or., Res. Sci., Ins. (in Cameron's handwriting) and "Holo- Hym., 3, Vesp.: 155 (ethology). -- type by designation J. van der Vecht Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 1933" (in van der Vecht's handwriting)]. 187 (Rhopalidia [!]; distr.). - van der Vecht, 1934, Tijdschr. Ento- Ropalidia ambigua; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. mol. 77, Versiag: 8 (syn. of R. brunnea Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 338 (cat.; (Smith)). distr.), 339 (probable syn. of R. capensis Ropalidia brunnea; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. (de Saussure)). scient. Voy. Leopold 4(5): 51. - van der Ropalidia capensis; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Vecht, 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Ver- Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 249 (key), 250, slag: 8. - Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. 339, figs. 241-242 (cat.; probable syn.: Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 14 (redescription of Icaria ambigua Gribodo; distr.). - type) [error: year of publication 1864]. Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. 187 (Rhopalidia [!]; distr.). - Giordani Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus Polistratus; list; Soika, 1935, Mem. Estud. Mus. Zool. syn.: cariniscutis (Cameron), alleni Univ. Coimbra (1) 82: 15 (distr.); 1944, Cheesman) [alleni as syn., apparently by Atti Inst. Veneto Sci., Lett. Arti, Cl. Sci. error], 121 (key). Mat. Nat. 103 (2): 176 (compared to R. Ropalidia brunnea var. cariniscutis; van der novissima n. sp.). - Richards, 1978, Vecht, 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Ver- Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in slag: 8. subgenus Icariola; nest, list; syn.: am- Ropalidia cariniscutis; Bequaert, 1932, Res. bigua (Gribodo)). - Giordani Soika, Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold 1981, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 113: 172 de Belgique 4 (5): 51. - Richards, 1978, (compared to R. crassipunctata n. sp.). 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 13

- Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: Soc. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in sub- 58 (in subgenus Icariola; list). genus Icariola; morphology). DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi. DISTRIBUTION: Gabon; Zaire; Tanzania; Mo- zambique; South Africa (Cape Province, cincta (Lepeletier) Transvaal). ?Polistes punctum Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 273 - "nova Cambria" (Koben- carinata (de Saussure) havn). Icaria carinata de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- Epipona cincta Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: Ins. Hym. 1: 541, female - "Sen6gal, 113 (key), 122, female, male - "Mada- Afrique equinoxiale" (coll. Serville; gascar" (Geneve). - Dalla Torre, 1894, current depository unknown). Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (cat.). - de Saussure, Icaria cincta; de Saussure, 1853, tt. Fam. 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. Vesp. 2: 39, pl. 5 fig. 9 (female, male). 26 (2): 215, 222 (female, male). - Dalla - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 97 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1863, M6m. (cat.). - von Schulthess, 1907, Voeltz- Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Gen6ve 17: 234 kow, Reise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, (male). - Gerstaecker, 1871, Arch. Na- Wiss. Ergebn. 2 (2): 64. turgesch. 37 (2): 351; 1873, in v. d. Ropalidia carinata; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika 3 (2), Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 339 (cat.; Gliederth.: 324. - Walker, 1871, List distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- Hym. Egypt: 40. - Schletterer, 1891, tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 35: 28. - Gri- mol. 25: 82 (nest). - Richards, 1978, bodo, 1894, in Emery et al., Mem. R. Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 125 (com- subgenus Icariola; nest; list). - Kojima, pared to I. ambigua n. sp.). - Dalla Tor- 1988, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 61: 298, re, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (cat.). - Gri- figs. 39-43 (larva). - Wenzel, 1991, in bodo, 1895, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bo- Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: logna (5) 5: 333. - Stadelmann, 1898, 487 (nest). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Dtsch. Ost-Afrika 4, Hym.: 33. - Ma- Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 85 (key). gretti, 1898, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Genova (2) 19 (= 39): 35. - Bingham, 1898, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 12 (1): catharinae (Cameron) 110. - von Schulthess, 1899, Bull. Soc. Icaria catharinae Cameron, 1913, Bijdr. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. (4) 35: 269 (distr.). - Dierkd. 19: 77, female - "Waigeu" Ann. Nat. Hist. (Amsterdam). - Meade-Waldo and Mor- Bingham, 1903, Mag. ley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: (7), 12: 48. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera 406 ("All the species published with the Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). - Morice, specific name "catharinae" in Came- 1904, Res. Swed. Zool. Exp. Jagerskiold ron's paper . . . (. . ., 1913) bear labels (1), Hym. Acul.: 6. - Zavattari, 1907, with the specific name "beauforti" on Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino 22 the type-specimens"). - van der Vecht, (548): 2. - Bingham, 1909, Trans. Zool. 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8. Soc. London 19, 2: 182. - Cameron, Ropalidia catharinae; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. 1910, Ann. Transvaal Mus. 2 (3): 155. - Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. L6opold von Schulthess, 1912, Wiss. Ergebn. D. de Belgique 4 (5): 50. Z. Afr. Exp. (1907-08) 4, Lf. 10: 291; DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. 1914, Dtsch. Entomol. Z.: 290. - du Buysson, 1914, in Voy. Alluad. et Jean- celebensis van der Vecht nel, Afr. Or., R6s. Sci., Ins. Hym., 3, Ropalidia celebensis van der Vecht, 1941, Vesp.: 156. - Roubaud, 1916, Ann. Sci. Treubia 18: 111 (key), 170, female - "S. Nat. Zool. (10) 1 (1): 140, fig. 32 (ethol- Celebes: ... Bantoe Batoe District, La- ogy). - von Schulthess, 1923, in Mi- timodjong Mts." (Cambridge). - Rich- chaelsen, Beitr. Kennt. Land- und Sus- 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

swasserfauna Deutsch-Sudwestafrikas 2 and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 350 (2): 135 (distr.); 1928, Senckenbergiana (colony population). - Jeanne, 1991, in 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). - Guiglia, 1928 Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: (1925-26), Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 404, 405 (ethology). - Ito, 1993, Behav. Genova 52: 493 (distr.). Soc. Evol. Wasps: 20, 40, 51, 131, 133 Icaria xanthura; Magretti, 1884, Ann. Mus. (ethology). - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova (2) 1 (= 21): 606 Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: tables [misidentification; not Icaria xanthura 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). de Saussure, 1853]. - Gribodo, 1895, DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Gambia; Sudan; Eri- Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 5: 333 trea; Ethiopia; Somalia; Congo; Zaire; (Icaria xanthura sensu Magretti treated Uganda (on Mt. Ruwenzori as high as as homonym of Icaria xanthura de 2000 m); Kenya; Tanzania, Mozam- Saussure). bique; Zimbabwe; Namibia; South Af- Icaria tricinctella Gribodo, 1895, Mem. R. rica (Transvaal). Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 5: 333, female, male - "Mozambico: ... Lourenso- clavata (de Saussure) Marquez (?Genova). - Magretti, 1898, Icaria clavata de Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova (2) 19 Vesp. 2: 40, female - "Le Cap de (= 39): 595. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Bonne-Esp6rance" (Paris). - Smith, Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). - Bequaert, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 97 (cat.). - 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 340 Gribodo, 1894, in Emery et al., Mem. (syn. of R. cincta (Lepeletier)). R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 125, 126 Ropalidia cincta; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. (compared to I. ambigua n. sp.). - Dalla Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 250 (key), 251, 340, Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (cat.). - figs. 247, 248 (cat.; syn.: Icaria xanthu- Bingham, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ra Magretti, I. tricinctella Gribodo; (7), 12: 48, 68. - Dalla Tonre, 1904, distr.). - Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Genera lnsectrum 19: 73 (cat.). Afr. 6: 187 (Rhopalidia [!]; distr.). - Ropalidia clavata; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Salt, 1927, Psyche 34: 185 (record of Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 340 (cat.; stylopized specimen). - Salt and Be- distr.). quaert, 1929, Psyche 36: 263 (record of DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Western Cape, stylopized specimen). - Scott, 1933, Kwazulu-Natal, Transvaal). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 120 (distr.). - clypeata Kojima Giordani Soika, 1935, Mem. Estud. Ropalidia clypeata Kojima, 1996, in van der Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra (1) 82: 15 Vecht and Kojima, Zool. Meded., Lei- (distr.); 1940 (1939), Mem. Soc. Ento- den 70: 103, male, female - "New mol. Ital. 17: 100 (distr.). - FitzGerald, Guinea, Sivipi near Sasambata, Popon- 1940, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London detta subdist." (holotype male Leiden). Ser. A Gen. Entomol. 15: 35 (distr.; DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. nest). - Giordani Soika, 1952 (1951), Riv. Biol. Colon. 11: 88 (distr.). - van colorata colorata van der Vecht der Vecht, 1959, Arch. Neerl. Zool. 13, Ropalidia colorata colorata van der Vecht, Suppl.: 245 (?syn. of R. punctum (Fa- 1941, Treubia 18: 111 (key), 151, male, bricius)). - Girodani Soika, 1961, S. Afr. female - "Peshawar" [Pakistan] (Lon- Anim. Life 8: 449 (distr.). - Richards, don); also from India: Himachal Pra- 1969, Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 48: 81 desh, Kangra Valley; Pakistan: North- (nest). - Darchen, 1976, Ann. Soc. En- west Frontier Province, Mauree Hills. - tomol. France (n. ser.) 12: 579 (etholo- Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. gy). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. Instinct: 295 Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Icariola; list). (in subgenus Anthreneida; ethology). - - Yamane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Matsumurana, n. ser. 15: 32 (in subge- Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in subgenus Icariola; nus Anthreneida). - Das and Gupta, nest; list). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 416 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI

(cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: label "Icaria insularis Cam. Holotype 112, 141 (key), 142, map 23 (in suma- designated by. J. v.d.Vecht 1933" (in trae group of subgenus Anthreneida; fe- van der Vecht's handwriting)). - van der male; fig.; distr.). Vecht, 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Ver- DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan; India. slag: 8 (syn. of R. conservator (Smith)). colorata sordida van der Vecht Parapolybia limatula; von Schulthess, 1913, Ropalidia colorata var. sordida van Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 164 der (syn. of Icaria conservator). Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 154, female - Ropalidia conservator; Bequaert, 1932, Res. "Kooloo, India" (Cambridge). Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold Ropalidia colorata sordida; Das and Gupta, de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - van der Vecht, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 417 (in 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 subgenus Anthreneida; cat.); 1989, Ori- (syn.). - Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. ent. Insects Monogr. 11: 112, 141 (key), Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 15 (redescription; 142, map 23 (in sumatrae group of sub- distr.; note on nest "nests low in rotten genus Anthreneida). stumps and between rocks"). - Rich- DISTRIBUTION: India. ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: conservator conservator (Smith) 54, 59, 130 (in subgenus Icarielia; nest; Icaria conservator Smith, 1860 (1861), J. list; syn.: limatula (Smith), waigeuensis Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 5: 130, female - (Cameron), goodfellowi Cheesman, de- "Dory" [New Guinea] (London); 1863 corata (Smith), xanthopoda (Cameron) (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 [error; listing decorata and xanthopoda (distr.); 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. as syn. by mis-typesetting]). - Macal- 8: 90 (Salwatty); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. intal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Soc. Zool. 11: 380 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (cat.); 1904, Icarielia; morphology). - Kojima, 1996, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). - Meade- Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 328. Waldo, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ropalidia insularis; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. (8) 9: 447 (distr.). - Meade-Waldo and Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold Morley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) de Belgique 4 (5): 50. 14: 405 (syn.: Icaria waigeuensis Camn- Ropalidia parvimaculata; Bequaert, 1932, eron). Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Polybia limatula Smith, 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Leopold de Belgique 4 (5): 50. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 43, female - "My- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. sol" (lectotype Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 139 (distr.); conservator goodfellowi Cheesman 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 384 Ropalidia conservator goodfellowi Chees- - man, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: (cat.) Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. - Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 100 (syn. of Icaria con- 2, 16, female "S. Dutch New Guinea, servator Smith)); 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Mimika R." (London). Hist. (8) 9: 448. - van der Vecht, 1966, Ropalidia conservator form goodfellowi; Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6 (syn. of Ro- Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. palidia conservator (Smith)). Ser. 61: 130. Icaria parvimaculata Cameron, 1911, Nova DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern New Guinea. Guinea 9, Zool 2: 189, female - "Bivak conservator waigeuensis (Cameron) Island" (lectotype Amsterdam). Junior Icaria waigeuensis Cameron, 1913, Bijdr. primary homonym of L parvimaculata Dierkd. 19: 76, female - "Waigeu" Cameron, 1907. - van der Vecht, 1934, (unique "Waigeu, 31.XII [09], Mevr. de Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 (syn. Beaufort leg." Amsterdam) [also with a of Ropalidia conservator (Smith)). label in Cameron's handwriting "Icaria Icaria insularis Cameron, 191 1, Nova Guin- waigionensis Cam. Type" (this may be ea 9, Zool. 2: 188, female - "Bivak Is- the name that Cameron wanted to give)]. land" (unique Amsterdam, also with a - Meade-Waldo and Morley, 1914, Ann. 16 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 405 (syn. of constitutionalis (de Saussure) Icaria. conservator Smith) - van der Icaria constitutionalis de Saussure, 1853, Jtt. Vecht, 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Ver- Fam. Vesp. 2: 30, pl. 4 fig. 4, female - slag: 8 (syn. of R. conservator (Smith)). "Madagascar" (Paris). - Smith, 1857, Ropalidia conservator waigeuensis; Chees- Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 95 (cat.). - de man, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. 2, 16 (distr.). Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: 114 (key), 128 Ropalidia waigeuensis; Richards, 1978, (female). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 59 (syn. of 9: 118 (cat.). - Gribodo, 1895, Mem. R. R. conservator (Smith)). Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 5: 334. - de Ropalidia conservator form waigeuensis; Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. forsch. Ges. 26 (2): 216, 222 (female, Ser. 61: 130. male). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera In- DIsTRsBUTION: New Guinea (Waigeo). sectorum 19: 73, pl. 5 figs. 3a, 3b (cat.). Ropalidia constitutionalis; Bequaert, 1918, conspicua (Smith) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 340 (cat.; Odynerus conspicuus Smith, 1863 (1864), J. distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Proc. Linn. Soc. 7: 40, female - "My- Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Icariola; sol" (Oxford; according to van der list). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. Vecht's unpublished note, a specimen in Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 86 (key). London also has a type label, but the DISBUTION: Madagascar. true type is in Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 137 (distr.); copiwa (de Saussure) 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 8: 88 Icaria copiaria de Saussure, 1862, Stettin. (distr.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. Entomol. Ztg. 23: 135, male -- "Java" 11: (Leiden). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 377 (cat.). 9: Odynerus mysolicus Dalla Torre, 1889, Wien. 118 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum Entomol. Ztg. 8: 124. Replacement 19: 73 (cat.). name for Ropalidia aristocratica copiaria; van der Odynerus conspicuus Smith, Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 30, 1863, non de Saussure [unnecessary re- 43, 44, 47 (key; in subgenus Icarielia; placement, incorrectly considering de fig.; nest; distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. Saussure, 1870, as de Saussure, 1857]; J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 55 (in subgenus 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 81 (cat.); 1904, Gen- Icariola; nest). era Insectorum 19: 50 (cat.). Ropalidia copiaria; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Ropalidia conspicua; Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 13 (redescrip- Icariola; list). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. tion of the type; distr.). Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 326, 328, figs. Ropalidia conspicua alleni Cheesman, 1952, 6, 19. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 13, fe- Ropalidia aristocratica; Kojima and Ya- male - "Mysol" (London). mane, 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Ropalidia alleni; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 35 Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (syn. of R. brun- (key). nea (Smith)) [alleni is quite different DISTRIBUTION: Java. from brunnea, and Richards' treatment is apparently based on erroneously tak- crassa van der Vecht ing "conspicua alleni" as "cariniscutis Ropalidia crassa van der Vecht, 1941, Treu- alleni"]. bia 18: 112 (key), 162, female - "Cel- Ropalidia mysolica; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. ebes: . . . Palopo, Todjamboe (1000 m)" Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus (unique Leiden) [?lost]. Polistratus; list; syn.: Odynerus conspi- DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi. cuus Smith). crassipunctata Giordani Soika DisTRIBUTION: Westemn New Guinea. Ropalidia crassipunctata Giordani Soika, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 17

1981, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 113: 172, emendation). - Brown, 1906, Philipp. J. 175, female - "Camerun: Ekodoco" Sci. 1: 688 (listed from the Philippines). (Monaco). - Williams, 1928, Philipp. J. Sci. 35: 78, DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon. 79 (ethology). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. of R. cyathiformis cristata Kojima (Fabricius)). Ropalidia cristata Spradbery, 1985, Paradise Icaria bilineata Cameron, 1905, Tijdschr. 52: 17. Nomen nudum. Entomol. 48: 72, female - "Tjandi near Ropalidia cristata Kojima, 1989, Jpn. J. En- Semarang" (lectotype London). - van tomol. 57: 143, female, male, larva - der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. "Papua New Guinea... Ower's Corner, of R. cyathiformis (Fabricius)), 162. Sogeri, Central Province" (holotype fe- Icaria cyathiformis; Schulz, 1912, Berlin. male Canberra); . - Spradbery and Ko- Entomol. Z. 57: 88 (syns.: Eumenesfas- jima, 1989, Jpn. J. Entomol. 57: 633 ciata Fabricius, Icaria variegata (colony population; nest; ethology). - (Smith)). Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Ropalidia cyathiformis; van der Vecht, 1941, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 350 (colony popula- Treubia 18: 104 (syn: Icaria bilineata tion). Cameron, I. cagayanensis Ashmead, I. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. cylonica Cameron), 112 (key), 158 curvilineata (Cameron) (ethology; , distr.); 1962, Zool. Icaria curvilineata Cameron, 1908, Dtsch. Verh., Leiden 57: 31 (in subgenus An- Entomol. Z. 1908: 564, female -- "Inop. threneida; ethology; distr.). - Baltazar, Borneo" (London). 1966, Pac. Insects Monogr. 8: 291 (in Ropalidia curvilineata; van der Vecht, 1941, subgenus Anthreneida; cat.). - Iwata, Treubia 18: 112 (key), 177 (female; 1976, Evol. Instinct: 295 (in subgenus distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Anthreneida; ethology). - Richards, Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus Anthre- 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54, neida; list). - Kojima and Yamane, 55, 58 (in subgenus Icariola; nest; list). 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. - Yamane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 35 (key). Matsumurana, n. ser. 15: 4 (key), 14, 32 DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Borneo; Su- (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Gad- matra. agkar and Joshi, 1982, J. Zool. (London) 198: 27 (ethology); 1982, in Breed et al., cyathiformis (Fabricius) Biol. Soc. Insects: 187 (ethology). - Das Eumenes cyathifornis Fabricius, 1804, Syst. and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects Piez.: 289 - "Java" (holotype female 17: 416 (cat.; distr.). - Kojima, 1984, Kobenhavn). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Kontyfi, 52: 50, fig. 1 (larva); 1984, Hym. 9: 22 (cat.; unidentified sp.); 1904, Kontyuf, 52: 525 (key), 528, 530, 531 (in Genera Insectorum 19: 25 (cat.; uniden- subgenus Icariola; Luzon; male genita- tified sp.). lia). - Gadagkar and Joshi, 1984, Z. Icaria ceylonica Cameron, 1898, Mem. Tierpsychol. 64: 15 (ethology); 1985, Manch. Lit. Philos. Soc. 42 (11): 48, fe- Curr. Sci. 54: 57 (ethology). - Kojima male - "Periyakullam, Ceylon" (Ox- and Tano, 1985, Kontyfu 53: 524 (distr.; ford). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera In- note on females with two submarginal sectorum 19: 73 (cat.). - Aiyar, 1916, J. cells in fore wings). - Gadagkar, 1987, Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 713 (cat.). in Eder and Rembold, Chemistry Biol. - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 Soc. Insects: 377 (ethology). - Das and (syn. of R. cyathiformis (Fabricius)). Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. Icaria cagayanensis Ashmead, 1905, Can. 11: 112 (key), 143, map 10 (in sumatrae Entomol. 37: 3 [cayayanensis !], female group of subgenus Anthreneida; female, - "Manila" [the Philippines] (Washing- male; fig.; distr.). - Gadagkar, 1990, in ton, No. 8126); 1905, Proc. U.S. Natl. Veeresh et al., Soc. Insects Environ.: 9 Mus. 28: 962 (Icaria cagayanensis, (ethology); 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Insects Indian Perspec.: 129 (ethology). 2, Hym.: 214 (in subgenus Icariola; - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Mat- cat.). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et thews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 350, 354, 383 al., Cape York Penin. Sci. Exp. Wet Sea- (colony population). - Ross and Carpen- son 1992 Rep. 2: 179 (distr.). ter, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea (Misool); Austra- Biol. Wasps: 463 (biology). - 1t6, 1993, lia (North Queensland). Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 51, 52, 74, 132 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 1994, in decorata (Smith) Agrawal, Perspec. Entomol. Res.: 263 Polybia decorata Smith, 1858, J. Proc. Linn. (ethology); 1995, in Ramamurthi and Soc. Zool. 2: 114, female - "Borneo, Bali, Readings Behav.: 135 (ethology). (Sarawak)" (lectotype Oxford); 1863 - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 139 Soc. Washington 17: table 1 (in subge- (distr.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. nus Icariola; morphology). 11: 384 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Ropalidia bilineata; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Hym. 9: 163 (cat.). - Bingham, 1897, Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Fauna Br. India, Hym 1: 384 [errone- Icariola; list) [based on the examination ously regarded as synonym of Polybia of types of bilineata (London, Amster- stigma Smith]. - Dalla Torre, 1904, dam), we follow van der Vecht's (1941) Genera Insectorum 19:77 (cat.). - van view]. der Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: DISTRIBUTION: Nepal; India; Sri Lanka; 43 (designation of lectotype); 1966, Myanmar; Malay Peninsula; Java; Su- Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6. lawesi; Sumba; Philippine Is. Icaria xanthopoda Cameron, 1902, J. Straits darwini Richards Branch Asiat. Soc. 37: 103, female - "Borneo" (London). - Dalla Torre, Ropalidia darwini Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Genera Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 61, 1904, Insectorum 19: 75 (cat.). 64 (key), 72, - von Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. female, male (in subgenus Icariola) - Entomol. "Northern Territory, 12025'S., Ges. 12: 164 (syn. of I. decor- 131003'E., Milner's ata (Smith) according to Meade-Waldo, Swamp" [Australia] in - (holotype female Sydney); also from litt.). Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. two other Suppl. Ser. 61: 59 (syn. of R. conser- localities in Northem Territo- vator ry. - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Aus- (Smith) [by typesetting error]). tralia 2, Hym: 214 (in subgenus Icario- Polybia stigma Smith; Bingham, 1897, Fau- la; cat.). na Br. India, Hym. 1: 384, (female, DISTRIBUTION: Australia (North coastal male, distr.); 1908, Rec. Ind. Mus. 2:359 Northern Territory). (distr.) [misidentification]. Parapolybia decorata; von Schulthess, 1913, deceptor (Smith) Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 164 Icaria deceptor Smith, 1863 (1864), J. Proc. (species of Icaria; syn.: Icaria xantho- Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 42, female - "My- poda Cam., according to Meade-Waldo, sol" (Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. in litt.). Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); 1871, J. Icaria decorata; du Buysson, 1913, Bull. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 380 (cat.) - Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 296. Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 Ropalidia stigma; Dover, 1931 (1930), J. (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 Fed. Mal. St. Mus. 16: 257 [misidenti- (cat.). fication; incorrectly gives Fabricius as kopalidia deceptor; Bequaert, 1932, Res. the author of the name Polybia stigma]. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. L6opold Ropalidia decorata; van der Vecht, 1962, de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - Richards, 1978, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 41 (key), 42 (in Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (nest), subgenus Icarielia; distr.). - Richards, 58 (list), 61 (key), 99, figs. 20, 34 (in 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 59 subgenus Icariola; female, male; distr.). (syn. of R. conservator (Smith) [error; - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia "... R. decorata (Smith), xanthopoda 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIL)IINI IV

(Cameron)];" is mis-typesetting for ". . . meron's handwriting) and "Holotype sec R. decorata (Smith) [= xanthopoda J. v. d. Vecht '33" (in van der Vecht's (Cameron)];" ], 128 (key to subgenus handwriting)]. Icarielia species). - Kojima and Ya- Ropalidia dispila; Bequaert, 1932, Res. mane, 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. Leopold Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 35 de Belgique 4 (5): 50. (key). - Gusenleitner, 1994, Linz. Biol. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea (Waigeo). Beitr. 26: 328 (compared to R. thailan- distigma (Gerstaecker) dia n. sp.). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Med- Icaria distigma Gerstaecker, 1857, Monats- ed., Leiden 70: 325, 328, figs. 5, 18. ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin: 464, Peninsula; Su- DISTRIBUTION: Malay Borneo; female - "Mossanbique" (?Berlin); matra. 1862, in Peters, Reise Mossambique, deminutiva Cheesman Zool. 5: 471. - Kohl, 1894, Ann. Na- Ropalidia deminutiva Cheesman, 1952, Ann. turhist. Hofmus. Wien, 9: 343. - Dalla - Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 23, female - Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (cat.). "S. of Humboldt Bay, inland 16 miles, Stadelmann, 1898, Deutsch Ost-Afrika Mt. Nomo" (London); "Nest inside the IV, Hym.: x33. - von Schulthess, 1899, 270 stem of a bamboo grass". - Richards, Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. (4) 35: 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (distr.). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera In- (diminutiva [!]; nest), 58 (in subgenus sectorum 19: 73 (cat.). - du Buysson, Icarielia; list), 129 (key; "All the spe- 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Afr. cies including the type are labelled Bou- Or., Res. Sci., Ins. Hym., 3: 157. ?Icaria cariniscutis Cameron, 1910, Wiss. gainville, Mt. Nomo ... Mt. Bougain- ville which is apparently in West Iri- Ergebn. Schwed. Zool., Exp. Kilimand- 2 Vesp.: 170, 171, female - an."). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., jaro (8), Leiden 70: 328, figs. 12, 25. "Usambara: Mombo" [Tanzania] (Lon- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. don). - Meade-Waldo, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11: 53 (syn. of R. distigma democratica (de Saussure) (Gerstaecker)). - von Schulthess, 1913, Icaria democratica de Saussure, 1853, Et. Ark Zool. 8 (17): 13 (female is R. cincta Fam. Vesp. 2: 33, female - "Madagas- (Lepeletier), but the male belongs to an- car." (coll. Guenrn-Meneville; current other species). Junior secondary hom- depository unknown). - Smith, 1857, onym of Ropalidia cariniscutis (Cam- Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 96 (cat.). - de eron, 1906). Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Ropalidia cariniscutis; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: 115 (key), 142 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 339 (female (female, male). - Andre, 1889, Le Na- was not described by Cameron). turaliste: 189 (ethology). - Dalla Torre, Ropalidia distigma; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (cat.); 1904, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 341 (cat.; Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1935, Mem. Ropalidia democratica; Bequaert, 1918, Estud. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra (1) 82: Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 340 (cat.; 15 (distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. distr.). Zool. Suppi. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Icariola; list). - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: dispila (Cameron) tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; mor- Icaria dispila Cameron, 1913, Bijdr. Dierkd. phology). 19: 77, female - "Waigeu" (unique DISTRIBUTION: Kenya; Tanzania; Zimbabwe; "Waigeu, [5] i 10 [Mevr. de Beaufort Mozambique; South Africa (Transvaal, leg.]" Amsterdam) [lacking 2nd-6th Kwazulu-Natal). metasomal segments (noted in original description), and with a label on which domestica Cheesman are "Icaria dispila Cam. Type" (in Ca- Ropalidia domestica Cheesman, 1952, Ann. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 12, female, (?Genova, Paris). - Dalla Tonre, 1904, male - "Papua, Kokoda" (holotype Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). male London, no. 18.1037). - Richards, Icaria marginata var. duchaussoyi; von 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 Schulthess, 1915, in Sarasin and Roux, (nest), 57 (in subgenus Polistratus; list), Nova Caledonia, Zool. 2, 1 (3): 48 (de- 122 (holotype stated to be female; re- scription of male). description). - Macalintal and Starr, duchaussoyi; van der 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104, 124 (1 fe- tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Polistratus; male of the series from New Caledonia moxphology). examined by von Schulthess). DIsTRIBUION: Eastern New Guinea. Ropalidia duchaussoyi; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (list). dubia (de Saussure) DISTRIBUTION: New Caledonia. Icaria dubia de Saussure, 1853, JEt. Fam. Vesp. 2: 33, female - "Madagascar" eboraca Richards (Paris). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Ropalidia eboraca Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Mus. 5: 96 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1890, Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56 (list), 63, 65 in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, (key), 66, female (in subgenus Ropali- Hym. 1: 115 (key), 141, pl. 18 fig. 19 dia) - "Queensland Q3, Cape York, (female). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. Lockerbie" [Australia] (Canberra); also 9: 118 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. from 4 other localities in Queensland. - Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, 216, 217, 229 (female). - Dalla Tone, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 213 (in subgenus 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). Ropalidia; cat.). - von Schulthess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Re- DISTRiBUTION: Australia (North Queensland). ise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, Wiss. Er- elegantula Richards gebn. 2 (2): 65. Ropalidia elegantula Richards, 1978, Aust. Ropalidia dubia; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (nest), 61, 64 Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 341 (cat.; distr.). - (key), 70, figs. 16, 23, 37, female, male, FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. Entomol. nest (in subgenus Icariola) - "Queens- Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Entomol. 25: land Q3, Cape York Peninsula, Bama- 82 (nest). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. ga" [Australia] (holotype female Can- Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 86, 88 (key), fig. berra); also from 7 other localities in 13. - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Queensland. - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in subgenus Ica- Cat. Australia 2, Hym: 214 (in subgenus riola; nest; list). Icariola; cat.). - Naumann, 1993, in DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Naumann et al., Cape York Penin. Sci. ducalis (de Saussure) Exp. Wet Season 1992 Rep. 2: 179 Icaria ducalis de Saussure, 1900, Abh. (distr.). Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 216 DISTRIBUTION: Australia (North Queensland). (key), 226, female - "Madagascar" erratica Cheesman (Gen6ve). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Ropalidiafasciata erratica Cheesman, 1952, Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 9, female Ropalidia ducalis; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. - "Cyclops Mt." [New Guinea] (Lon- Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 341 (cat.; distr.). - don). Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Ropalidia erratica; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Sci. Nat. 16: 85 (key). Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56 (in subgenus DISTRIBUrION: Madagascar. Ropalidia; list). DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. duchaussoyi (Gribodo) Icaria duchaussoyi Gribodo, 1896, Misc. En- erythrospila (Cameron) tomol. 4: 13, female - "Nova Caledonia" Icaria erythrospila Cameron 19QR nterht, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 21

Entomol. Z. 1908: 563, female - "Bor- morphologie 103: 155 (in subgenus neo... Kuching" (London). Icarielia; morphology). - Kojima and Ropalidia erythrospila; Dover, 1931 (1930), Jeanne, 1986, Biotropica 18: 327 (in J. Fed. Mal. St. Mus. 16: 257. - Rich- subgenus Icarielia; nest). - Macalintal ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Wash- 54, 57 (in subgenus Anthreneida; list). - ington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Icar- Kojima and Yamane, 1984, Rep. Fac. ielia; morphology). - Kojima, 1996, Sci., Kagoshima Univ. (Earth Sci., Biol.) Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 326. 17: 104, figs. 1-7 (larva). - Kojima, DISTRIBUTION: Luzon I.; Negros I. 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 349, 355, 357 (key), figs. 3, 10, 11, 16, 20, fasciata (Fabricius) 29-33 (taxonomy; distr.). Eumenes fasciata Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Ropalidia malayana var. erythrospila; van Piez.: 290 - "Java" (syntype males Ko- der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104, 176 benhavn). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. (taxonomy; fig.; distr.); 1962, Zool. Hym. 9: 24 (cat.; unidentified sp.); 1904, Verh., Leiden 57: 34, pl. 2 (in subgenus Genera Insectorum 19: 25 (cat.; uniden- Anthreneida; distr.; nest; ethology). tified sp.). - Schulz, 1912, Berlin. En- Ropalidia malayana erythrospila; Richards, tomol. Z. 57: 88 (types examined; syn. 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 of Icaria cyathiformis (Fabricius)). (in subgenus Icariola; nest). Icaria picta de Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Borneo; Su- Vesp.: 238, female - "Le Bengale" [In- matra. dia] (Pars). - Smith, 1871, J. Proc. eurostoma Richards Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 380 (cat.). - Dalla Ropalidia eurostoma Richards, 1978, Aust. Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 (cat.); J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 60 (key), 93, fe- 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). male (in subgenus Icariola) - "Queens- - van der Vecht, 1959, Arch. Neerl. land, Mornington I." [Australia] (Ade- Zool. 13(1), suppl. 1958: 245 (syn. of R. laide). - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. fasciata (Fabricius)). Australia 2, Hym.: 214 (in subgenus Ica- ?Icaria pendula Smith; de Saussure, 1867, riola; cat.). Reise Novara, Zool. 2, 1 Hym.: 22 DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Mornington Is.). (distr.). Icaria variegata Smith; Bingham, 1897, Fau- excavata Giordani Soika na Br. India, Hym. I: 386 (key), 388 (fe- Ropalidia excavata Giordani Soika, 1977, male). Steenstrupia 4: 125, 128, fig. 2, female Icaria maculifrons Cameron, 1903, J. Straits - "CAMEROON: . .. Nyong" (Koben- Br. R. Asiat. Soc. 39: 172, female - havn); also from other locality in Cam- "Santubong" [Borneo] (London, no. eroon. 18835); 1905, Tijdschr. Entomol. 48: 71 DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon. (distr.); 1906, Tijdschr. Entomol. 49: 231 extrema van der Vecht (compared to Icaria spilocephala n. sp.); Ropalidia flavopicta extrema van der Vecht, 1907, J. Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc. 48: 26 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 58 (key), (distr.). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 60, female (in subgenus Icarielia) - 18: 104 (syn. of R. picta (de Saussure)). "Luzon: ... Atimonan" (Leiden); also Icaria intermedia Cameron, 1905, Tijdschr. from Negros I.; a male is recorded but Entomol. 48: 70, female, "Tjandi near not described. - Baltazar, 1966, Pac. In- Semarang" (lectotype Amsterdam); sects Monogr. 8: 293 (in subgenus Icar- 1907, J. Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc. 48: 26 ielia; cat.). (distr.). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia Ropalidia extrema; Kojima, 1982, Kontyfu 18: 104 (syn. of R. picta (de Saussure)). 50: 109 (key), 112 (in subgenus Icarie- Icaria ferruginea; Matsumura, 1908, in Ku- lia; female, male; male genitalia; larva; roiwa, Prov. List Hym. in Loochoo: 5 fig.; distr.). - Jeanne et al., 1983, Zoo- (distr.) [misidentification]. - Matsumura 22 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

and Uchida, 1926, Insecta Matsumurana 53, fig. 3 (larva); 1984, Biol. Mag, Oki- 1: 35 (distr.) [misidentification]. nawa 22: 27 (ethology); 1984, Jpn. J. Ropalidia variegata; Dover, 1929, Bull. Raf- Ecol. 34: 233 (nest); 1984, Kontyu-, 52: fles Mus., Singapore 2: 47; 1931, J. Fed. 525 (key), 530, 531 (in subgenus Icario- Mal. St. Mus. 16: 257. - Sonan, 1935, la; distr.; male genitalia). - Kojima and Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 25: 199, Yamane, 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci., Kagoshi- 200 (description; key). - Liu, 1936-37, ma Univ. (Earth Sci., Biol.) 17: 109, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 11 (3): 207, 348 figs. 23-29 (larva). - Lee, 1985, Econ. (cat.; distr.). - Kuo and Yeh, 1987, J. Insect Fauna China, 30 Hym.: Vespo- Nat. Chiayi Inst. Agric. 11: 82. idea: 46 (key), 47, pl. 2 fig. 2 (in sub- Ropalidia picta; van der Vecht, 1941, Treu- genus Anthreneida; female, male). - It6, bia 18: 104 (syn: Icaria intermedia 1985, Res. Popul. Ecol. 27: 333 (biolo- Cameron, I. maculifrons Cameron), 111 gy) - It8 et al., 1985, Kontyuf 53: 486 (key), 145 (male; fig., distr.). - Tweedie, (biology). - Ito and Sk. Yamane, 1985, 1941, Poisonous Anim. Malaya: 60 (ef- Insectes Soc. 32: 403 (biology). - Tur- fect of sting). - Walrecht, 1953, Levende illazzi and Marucelli-Turillazzi, 1985, Nat. 56: 53-54 (nest). Monit. Zool. Ital. (n. ser.) 19: 219-230 Ropalidia fasciata; van der Vecht, 1959, (ethology). - Ito, 1986, J. Ethol. 4: 73 Arch. Neerl. Zool. 13(1), suppl. 1958: (ethology). - It8 and Iwahashi, 1987, 245 (taxonomy); 1962, Zool. Verh., Lei- Res. Popul. Ecol. 29: 189 (population). den 57: 23 (in subgenus Anthreneida; - Lee, 1987, in Forest Insects Yunnan: ethology; distr.). - Yoshikawa, 1964, 1348 (in subgenus Anthreneida; key). - Nat. Life S. E. Asia 3: 395, pl. 5 figs. 7, Kojima, 1988, Kontyu', 56: 169 (ethol- 9 (nest). - Baltazar, 1966, Pac. Insects ogy); 1989, Insectes Soc. 36: 197 (bi- Monogr. 8: 291 (in subgenus Anthrenei- ology). - Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. da; cat.). - van der Vecht, 1968, Proc. Insects Monogr. 11: 112 (key), 140, map K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. C Biol. Med. 22 (in sumatrae group of subgenus An- Sci. 71: 418, fig. 3h (morphology). - threneida; female, male; fig.; distr.). - Iwata, 1969, Kontyui 37: 437-443 (nest). Kojima and Yamane, 1990, in Sakagami - Matsuura, 1975, Shokubutsu-boeki 29: et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. 294 (key to nest). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. Sumatra: 34, 36 (key; distr.). - Sprad- Instinct: 295 (in subgenus Anthreneida; bery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. ethology). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Biol. Wasps: 341, 349, 350, 351, 354, Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in subgenus 372, 374, 375 (colony population). - Icariola; nest; list). - Yamane and Ya- Jeanne, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, mane, 1979, Insecta Matsumurana, n. Soc. Biol. Wasps: 395, 404 (ethology). ser. 15: 4 (key), 10, 32 (distr.). - Suzuki - Ross and Carpenter, 1991, in Ross and and Murai, 1980, Res. Popul. Ecol. 22: Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 459, 463 184 (biology). - Tano, 1980, Hymen. (biology). - Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Comm. (11): 16 (distr.). - Lee, 1982, Nat. Sci. 3: 115. - ItO, 1992, J. Ethol. Homets from Agric. Regions China: 83 10:109 (ethology); 1993, Behav. Soc. (key), 86, pl. 2 fig. 2 (in subgenus An- Evol. Wasps: 8, 20, 25, 27, 28, 32, 34, threneida); 1982, Zool. Res. 3: 86 (in 56, 67, 68, 71, 76, 87, 93, 107, 127, 128, subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Ito, 129, 132 (in subgenus Icariola; etholo- 1983, J. Ethol. 1: 1 (ethology); 1983, gy). - ItO et al., 1994, J. Ethol. 12: 187 Kontyu 51: 269 (biology). - Jeanne et (ethology). - It6, 1995, Insectarium 32 al., 1983, Zoomorphologie 103: 155, fig. (1): 18; 1995, Pac. Sci. 49: 42 (etholo- 16 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). gy); 1996, Ecol. Res. 11: 79 (ethology). - Kojima, 1983, Jpn. J. Ecol. 33: 213 - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. (ethology); 1983, Kontyu' 51: 502 Soc. Washington 17: 112, table 1 (in (ethology). - Das and Gupta, 1984 subgenus Icariola; morphology). - Ka- (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 417 (cat.; tada and Iwahashi, 1996, Insectes Soc. distr.). - Kojima, 1984, Kontyfu 52: 52, 43: 247 (ethology). 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 23

?Ropalidia variegata variegata; Lee, 1982, Ropalidia festina; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Hornets from Agric. Regions China: 83 Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. L6opold (key), 88, pl. 3 fig. 2 (in subgenus An- de Belgique 4 (5): 51. - van der Vecht, threneida); 1985, Econ. Insect Fauna 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 China 30 Hym.: Vespoidea: 46 (key), (syn.: Polistes albobalteatus Cam. 1906, 47, pl. 3 fig. 2 (in subgenus Anthreneida; Icaria zonata Cam. 1906, Polybia pap- female, male; distr.). - Lee and Ma, uana Cam. 1913). - Richards, 1978, 1992, in Icono. Forest Insects Hunan Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in sub- China: 1328 (distr.). genus Icarielia; list), 129 (key). - Ko- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal; India; Myanmar; Thai- jima, 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: land; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Nias; 328; 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: Bangka I.; Java; Karimon Djawa I.; 350. Bali; Flores; Borneo; South China; Pa- Ropalidia reactionalis festina; Cheesman, lawan; Taiwan; Ryukyu Islands. 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 21 (redescription of types). fasciolk Richards DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Icaria fasciata Smith, 1859, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 3: 167, female - "Aru" (Ox- flavobrunnea van der Vecht ford) Uunior secondary homonym of Ropalidia flavopicta flavobrunnea van der Ropalidia fasciata (Fabricius)]; 1863 Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 58, (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 key, female (in subgenus Icarielia) - (distr.) [error: Sulawesi]; 1871, J. Proc. "Calapan, Mindoro" [Philippines] Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 (cat.). Dalla (Gainesville); also from Luzon, Negros, Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 (cat.); Samar, Mindanao. - Baltazar, 1966, Pac. 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). Insects Monogr. 8: 293 (in subgenus Ropalidia fasciata; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Icarielia; cat.). - Kojima, 1982, Biotro Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold pica 14: 272 (in subgenus Icarielia de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - Cheesman, nest). 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 8 Ropalidia flavobrunnea flavobrunnea; Koji (redescription of the type). ma, 1982, Kontyiu 50: 109 (key), 118 (in Ropalidia fasciola Richards, 1978, Aust. J. subgenus Icarielia; female, male; fig.; Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56. (in subgenus distr.). Ropalidia). Replacement name for lcar- Ropalidia flavobrunnea lapiniga Kojima, ia fasciata Smith, 1858, non Eumenes 1982, Kontyu 50: 110 (key), 116, 120, [= Ropalidia] fasciata Fabricius, 1804. female, male, larva (in subgenus Icar- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea (Aru). ielia) - "Palo, Leyte I." [Philippines] festina (Smith) (holotype female Sapporo); also from Icaria festina Smith, 1865, J. Proc. Linn. two other localities in Leyte; and Samar. - Soc. Zool. 8: 90, female - "New Guin- Yamane and Kojima, 1982, Kontyiu, ea" (Oxford). - Dalla Toffe, 1894, Cat. 50: 183 (record of trigonalyid parasite, Hym. 9: 118 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insec- Pseudonomadina biceps Yamane and torum 19: 73 (cat.). Kojima). - Jeanne et al., 1983, Zoom- Polistes albobalteatus Cameron, 1906, in orphologie 103: 155 (in subgenus Icar- Wichmann, Nova Guinea 5, Zool. 1: 61, ielia; morphology). - Kojima, 1996, female - "Manokwari" (unique "Man- Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 343 (syn. of okwari, [14-28] II [03]" Amsterdam) Ropalidia flavobrunnea). [also with a label on which are "Polistes Ropalidia flavobrunnea iracunda Kojima, albobalteatus Cam. Type, New Guinea" 1982, Kontyfi 50: 110 (key), 122, fe- (in Cameron's handwriting) and "Holo- male, male (in subgenus Icarielia) - type sec. J. v. d. Vecht '33" (in van der "Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Vecht's handwriting)]. - van der Vecht, Bukidnon, Mindanao I." [Philippines] 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 (holotype female Sapporo). - Kojima (syn. of R. festina (Smith)). and Jeanne, 1986, Biotropica 18: 329 (in 24 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

subgenus Icarielia; nest). - Kojima, 27-44, 48, 51, 54, 55, 60, 63-74 (tax- 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 343 onomy; distr.). (syn. of Ropalidia flavobrunnea). Ropalidia flavopicta flavopicta; van der Ropalidia flavobrunnea; Wenzel, 1991, in Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 42, Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 48, 49 (key), 51 (in subgenus Icarielia; 501 (in subgenus Icarielia; nest). - Ma- distr.; biology). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. In- calintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. stinct: 295 (in subgenus Icarielia; ethol- Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus ogy). - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Icarielia; morphology). - Kojima, 1996, Orient. Insects 17: 427 (in subgenus Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 342, figs. Icarielia; cat.) - Kojima, 1982, Kontyu1 91, 101 (taxonomy; syn: Ropalidia fla- 50: 110, 111. - Kojima and Yamane, vobrunnea iracunda Kojima, Ropalidia 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci. Kagoshima Univ. flavobrunnea lapiniga Kojima). (Earth Sci. Biol.) 17: 116, figs. 50-56 DISTRIBUTION: Luzon; Mindoro; Negros; (larva). - Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Leyte; Samar; Mindanao. Insects Monogr. 11: 113 (key), 150 (in subgenus Icarielia). - Jeanne, 1991, in flavopicta (Smith) Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: cariaflavopicta Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. 212 (colony population). Mus. 5: 99, female - "Bomeo (Sara- DISTRIBUTION: Hong Kong; Vietnam; Malay wak)" (London). - de Saussure, 1862, Peninsula: Borneo; Sumatra. Stettin. Entomol. Ztg., 23: 135 (distr.). - Smith, 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. flavoviridis Kojima 11: 379 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Ropalidia flavoviridis Kojima, 1988, J. Kan- Hym., 9: 118 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insec- sas Entomol. Soc. 61: 292, female, male, torum 19: 73 (cat.). - Bingham, 1905, larva - "Tulear Prov., Berenty, 25°00'S, Fasc. Malay. 3: 50 (distr.). - Meade- 46018'E" [Madagascar] (holotype fe- Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) male Lawrence). - Wenzel, 1991, in 7: 100 (syn.: I. ornaticeps Cameron; Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: distr.); 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 487 (nest). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. 11: 46 (designated as type species of Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 83-84 (color va- subgenus Icarielia Dalla Torre). - von rieties; distr.), 86, 88 (key), fig. 12. Schulthess, 1914, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 37: DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. 259 (distr.). Ropalidia flavopicta; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 246. - Dover, fluviatilis (Meade-Waldo) 1926, China J. Sci. Arts 4: 233; 1931 Icaria fiuviatilis Meade-Waldo, 1912, Ann. (1930), J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. 16: 257 Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 9: 449 (key), 451, (distr.). - Liu, 1936-37, Peking Nat. female (in subgenus Icariola) - "Mim- Hist. Bull. 11: 206, 338 (cat.; distr.). - ika River" [S. W. New Guinea] (?Lon- van der Vecht, 1968, Proc. K. Ned. don). Akad. Wet. Ropalidia fluviatilis; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Ser. C Biol. Med. Sci. 71: Scient. 418, fig. 3e (morphology). - Richards, Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 59 de Belgique 4 (5): 51. - Cheesman, (in subgenus Icarielia; list), 128 (key). 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 17 - Kojima and Yamane, 1990, in Saka- (redescription; distr.), 26 (fluvialis [!]). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. gami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Ser. 61: 58 Eq. Sumatra: 35 (key), 37 (distr.). - It6, (in subgenus Icariola; list). 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 89 (in DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern New Guinea. subgenus Icarielia; ethology). - Macal- formosa (de Saussure) intal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Icaria formosa de Saussure, 1853, Jtt. Fam. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Vesp. 2: 37, female - "Les Indes Orien- Icarielia; morphology). - Kojima, 1996, tales" (London). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 328, figs. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 98 (cat.); 1871, J. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 25

Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 378 (cat.). - Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 341 (cat.; Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- (cat. [erroneously recorded from India]); tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.; as mol. 25: 83 (nest). - Richards, 1978, 1894). - Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. In- Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (in sub- dia Hym. 1: 387 (key), 392. genus Icariola; nest). - Giordani Soika, Icaria hova de Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier, 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 86, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: 104, 113 87 (key), fig. 14. (key), 131, fig. A (ethology), pl. 4 figs. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. 2, 2b, female, male - "Madagascar... fulvopruinosa (Cameron) aux environs d'Andrangoloaka (Imeri- Odynerus (Leionotus) fulvopruinosa Camer- na)" (Geneve, Paris). - Dalla Torre, on, 1906, Tijdschr. Entomol. 49: 225, fe- 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 (cat.). - de male - "Etna Bay" (unique Amsterdam) Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- [2nd-6th metasomal segments lacking forsch. Ges. 26 (2): 217, 228. - Dalla (noted in original description), with a la- Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 bel on which are "Leionotus fulvoprui- (cat.). nosus Cam. Type New Guinea" (in Ca- Ropalidia hova; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. meron's handwriting) and "Holotype Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 342 (cat.; distr.). - sec. J. v.d.Vecht '33" (in van der Vecht's van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 105 handwriting)]. (syn. of formosa de Saussure). - Gior- Ropalidia fulvopruinosa; Bequaert, 1932, dani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Nat. 16: 85, 87 (key), fig. 5. L6opold de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - Rich- Ropalidia formosa; van der Vecht, 1941, ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: Treubia 18: 105 (erroneously described 54 (nest), 56 (list), 63 (key), 67, figs. 12, from Oriental Region; syn.: Icaria hova 25, 33, 41 (in subgenus Ropalidia; re- de Saussure). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. description.; distr.; nest). - Cardale, Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Icariola; list; syn.: hova (de Saussure)). Vesp. Sphec.: 213 (in subgenus Ropali- - Wenzel, 1987, J. Kansas Entomol. dia; cat.). - Kojima and Spradbery, Soc. 60: 549 (ethology). - Kojima, 1987, Kontyfi, 55: 603, fig. 8 (larva). 1988, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 61: 297, DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Australia figs. 33-38 (larva). - Das and Gupta, (Queensland). 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 108. - Wenzel, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, galimatia (de Saussure) Soc. Biol. Wasps: 487 (nest). - It6, Icaria galimatia de Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 20 (for- Vesp. 2: 36, female, male - "Madagas- mosae [!]; ethology). - Macalintal and car" (coll. Gu6rin-M6neville; current Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington depository unknown); 1854, Et. Fam. 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; Vesp. 2: 249. Table Alphabetique (gali- morphology). matias [!]). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Br. Mus. 5: 96 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 (cat.); 1904, fraterna (de Saussure) Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). Icaria fraterna de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Icaria gallimathias de Saussure, 1890, in Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 216 Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. (key), 225, female, male "Madagas- 1: 125 [unjustified emendation of Icaria car; Imerina" (Geneve). Dalla Torre, galimatia de Saussure]. 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). Icaria madecassa de Saussure, 1890, in - von Schulthess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Re- Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. ise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, Wiss. Er- 1: 113, 114 (key), 125, pl. 18 fig. 16 gebn. 2 (2): 65. (female) [unnecessary replacement Ropalidia fraterna; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. name for Icaria gallimathias de Saus- 26 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

sure]; 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- Soc. Zool. 8: 90 (listed); 1871, J. Proc. forsch. Ges. 26 (2): 216, 224 (female). Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 380 (cat.). - Dalla - von Schulithess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Re- Tonre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 (cat.); ise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, Wiss. Er- 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.) gebn. 2 (2): 64. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. [error: year of publication 1868]. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 341 (syn. of R. Ropalidia gracilis; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. galimatia (de Saussure)). Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold Icaria madecassa var.flavopicta de Saussure, de Belgique 4 (5): 50 (gracillis [!]; 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. "probablement un Parapolybia"). - 26 (2): 217 (key), 224, female - "Mad- Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. agascar meridionalis et centralis;. . .Nos- (12) 5: 3, 18 (syn.: Icaria deceptor si-Be" (?Geneve). Junior primary hom- Smith, 1863; redescription of type; onym of Icaria flavopicta Smith, 1857. distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Ropalidia galimatia; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58, 99 (in subgenus Ica- Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 341 (cat.; syn.: riola; list; female). Icaria madecassa de Saussure; distr.). - DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Entomol. 25: grandidieri (de Saussure) 83 (nest). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Icaria grandidieri de Saussure, 1890, in Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (list). - Gior- Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. dani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. 1: 113 (key), 120, pl. 4 figs. 5, 5b, fe- Nat. 16: 86, 87 (key), fig. 15. male, male - "Madagascar" (Geneve, DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Paris). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. gemmea Cheesman Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): Ropalidia gemmea Cheesman, 1952, Ann. 215, 221 (female, male). - Dalla Torre, Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 22, female, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). male "Papua, Owen Stanley Mts., Ko- - von Schulthess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Re- koda, 1200 ft." (holotype female Lon- ise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, Wiss. Er- don); also from Mondo. - Richards, gebn. 2 (2): 64; 1931, Mitt. Schweiz. 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 Entomol. Ges. (in subgenus Icarielia; list), 129 (key). 15 (2): 51, fig. 3 (com- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. pared to Icaria shestakovi n. sp.). Ropalidia grandidieri; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. gracilenta Richards Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 342 (cat.; Ropalidia gracilenta Richards, 1978, Aust. J. distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 61 (key), 98, figs. tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- 11, 15, female (in subgenus Icariola) - mol. 25: 83 (nest). - Richards, 1978, "New South Wales, near Ballina, North Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54, 58 (in Creek" [Australia] (Sydney); also from subgenus Icariola; nest; list). - Kojima, Queensland. - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. 1988, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 61: 297, Cat. Australia 2, Hym: 214 (in subgenus figs. 26-30 (larva). - Giordani Soika, Icariola; cat.). - Kojima, 1987, J. Aust. 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 83 Entomol. Soc. 26: 146, figs. 59-68 (lar- (distr.), 86, 87 (key), fig. 3. va); Kojima, 1987, J. Aust. Entomol. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Soc. 26: 149 (male; nest). DISTRIBUTION: Australia (New South Wales, granulata borneensis van der Vecht Queensland). Ropalidia granulata borneensis van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 190, female - gracilis (Smith) "Borneo: ... Bettotan near Sandakan" Icaria gracilis Smith, 1859, J. Proc. Linn. (Leiden); 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: Soc. Zool. 3: 167, female - "Aru" (Ox- 37 (distr.; nest). - Richards, 1978, Aust. ford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (nest). - Ma- Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); 1865, J. Proc. Linn. calintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 27

Washington 17: table 1 (in subgenus Evol. Instinct: 295 (in subgenus Anthre- Icariola). neida; ethology). - Richards, 1978, Ropalidia granulata; Macalintal and Starr, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58, 64, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: 65, 83, 94 (in subgenus Icariola; nest; table 2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphol- list; larva in key; description). - Kojima, ogy). 1982, Biotropica 14: 272 (in subgenus DISTRIBUTION: Borneo; Malay Peninsula. Icariola; nest); 1982, New Entomol. 31: granulata granulata van der Vecht 17 (ethology); 1984, Kontydi, 52: 52, fig. Ropalidia granulata van der Vecht, 1941, 2 (larva from the Philippines); 1984, Treubia 18: 113 (key), 189, female - Kontyfi, 52: 525 (key), 528, 530, 531 (in "Malay Peninsula, Pahang, Kuala subgenus Icariola; distr.; male genitalia). Teku" (Leiden); also from Sumatra. - - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Mat- Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. thews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 349 (colony population). - Wenzel, 1991, in Ross Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Icariola; list). and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 487 - Kojima and Yamane, 1990, in Saka- (nest). - It6, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. gami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Wasps: 87 (in subgenus Icariola; ethol- Eq. Sumatra: 35 (key), 37 (distr.). ogy). - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Sumatra. Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: tables gregaria gregaria (de Saussure) 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). ?Polistes bioculata Fabricius 1804, Syst. Ropalidia gregaria gregaria; Richards, Piez.: 278, female - "nova Cambria" 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (Kovenhavn). - de Saussure, 1853, Itt. (nest), 62 (key), 86 (in subgenus Icario- Fam. Vesp. 2: 41 (species dubiae; ? Icar- la; "two [subspecies] can be recognized ia). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: in the Australia-New Guinea region. The 117 (syn.: Icaria artifex de Saussure). - forms of Malaya will require separate Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. study."). - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Ser. 61: 86 ("... examined the female Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 214 (in type of P. bioculata ... It is in bad con- subgenus Icariola; cat.). - It6, 1986, J. dition and might be either R. gregaria Aust. Entomol. Soc. 25: 309 (ethology). or R. fasciata. From the colour, it can - Kojima, 1987, J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. hardly have been captured in New South 26: 145, figs. 52-58 (larva). - Sprad- Wales. We propose to ignore the bery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. name"). Biol. Wasps: 351 (colony population). - Icaria gregaria de Saussure, 1854, 1tt. Fam. It6 and Yamane, 1992, J. Ethol. 10: 63 Vesp.: 236, female - "La Nouvelle Hol- (ethology). - Ito, 1993, Behav. Soc. lande" (coll. Romand; type depository Evol. Wasps: 27, 46, 66, 68 (in subgenus unknown); 1862, Stett. Entomol. Ztg. Icariola; ethology). - Borsato, 1994 23: 137. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. (1993), Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 125 (3): 9: 119 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 250 (in subgenus Icariola; distr.). 19: 73 (cat.). DISTRIBUTION: Philippine Is. excluding Pala- Ropalidia gregaria; Tillyard, 1926, Insects wan; Sulawesi; Australia (Northern Ter- Aust. New Zealand: 297. - van der ritory). Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn.: Icar- ia cohni du Buysson, L. impetuosa gregaria spilocephala (Cameron) Smith, I. spilocephala Cameron), 111 Icaria spilocephala Cameron, 1906, Tijdschr. (key), 149 (distr. [including subspecies Entomol. 49: 230, female - "Etna Bay" spilocephala]). - Cheesman, 1952, Ann. [New Guinea] (lectotype Amsterdam). - Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 20 (male). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 van der Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden (syn. of R. gregaria (de Saussure)). 57: 27 (distr.; nest). - Baltazar, 1966, Icaria cohni du Buysson, 1909, Bull. Soc. Pac. Insects Monogr. 8: 291 (in subge- Entomol. France 1909: 306, male - nus Anthreneida; cat.). - Iwata, 1976, "Bougainville" (Paris). - van der Vecht, 28 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. of R. gre- Ital. 125 (3): 250 (in subgenus Icariola; garia (de Saussure)). - Richards, 1978, distr.). Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 86 (kohni Ropalidia gregaria; Naumann, 1993, in Nau- [!]; syn. of R. gregaria spilocephala mann et al., Cape York Penin. Sci. Exp. (Cameron)). Wet Season 1992 Rep. 2: 180 (distr.). Icaria picta; du Buysson, 1911, Abh. Senck- DISTRIBUTION: East Australia; New Guinea; enb. Naturforsch. Ges. 34: 229 (distr.). New Ireland; Solomon Is.; Fiji. Ropalidia cohni; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. L6opold guttatipennis (de Saussure) de Belgique 4 (5): 51. ?Polistes punctum Fabricius, 1804, Syst. ?Ropalidia cyathiformis; Bequaert, 1932, Piez.: 273 - "nova Cambria" (Koben- Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. havn). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. Ldopold de Belgique 4 (5): 51 (recorded 9: 152 (unidentified sp.). from New Guinea; syn: variegata Smith, ?Vespa punctum; Jurine, 1807, Nouv. Meth. picta de Saussure) [misidentification?]. Class. Hym.: 169. Ropalidia spilocephala; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. Icaria guttatipennis de Saussure, 1853, Itt. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. Leopold Fam. Vesp. 2: 40, pl. 5 fig. 8, female - de Belgique 4 (5): 51. "Le Senegal" (Paris). - Smith, 1856, Ropalidia gregaria inquieta Cheesman, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London (2) 3, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5: Proc.: 129 (ethology); 1857, Cat. Hym. (12) 3, Br. Mus. 5: 97, pl. 6 (cat.; nest). - Ra- 20, female, male - "Papua, . .. Mafulu, doszkowski, 1881, J. Sci. Math. Phys. 4000 ft." (lectotype male London); also Nat. Lisboa 8 204. - from 3 other localities in New Guinea. (31): Andr6, 1889, Le Naturaliste: 189 (ethology). - Kohl, - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. 1891, Ann. Naturforsch. Hofmus. Wien Ser. 61: 86 (designation of lectotype [er- 9: 343. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. ror in locality: Mafalu]; syn. of R. gre- 9: 119 (cat.). - Gribodo, 1894, in Emery garia spilocephala). et al., Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) Ropalidia gregaria var. tolerans Cheesman, 4: 125, 126 (compared to I. ambigua n. 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 (5): 3 (as sp.). - Magretti, 1898, Ann. Mus. Civ. subspecies), 21 (as var.), female - "Cy- Stor. Nat. Genova (2) 19 (= 39): 35. - clops Mts. Sabron" [New Guinea] (lec- du Buysson, 1898, Ann. Soc. Entomol. totype London). - Richards, 1978, Aust. France 66, 2-3: 361. - Dalla Tonre, J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 86 (designation 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). of lectotype; syn. of R. gregaria spilo- - von Schulthess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Re- cephala). ise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, Wiss. Er- Ropalidia gregaria spilocephala; Richards, gebn. 2 (2): 66. - von Schulthess, 1913, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 6, Heft 3: 340; 62 (key), 86 (syns.: Icaria kohni [!] du 1914, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 1914: 290 Buysson, Ropalidia gregaria inquieta (distr. [erroneously recorded from Cheesman, Ropalidia gregaria var. to- Asia]). - du Buysson, 1914, in Voy. Al- lerans Cheesman; possibly syn. of Icar- luaud et Jeannel, Afr. Or., R6s. Sci., Ins. ia impetuosa Smith; "I examined the Hym., 3, Vesp.: 156. - Roubaud, 1916, holotype male [!] in the Zoological Mu- Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (10) 1 (1): 141 seum, Amsterdam."; description; nest). (ethology). - von Schulthess, 1928, - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia Senckenbergiana 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 215 (in subgenus Ropalidia guttatipennis; Bequaert, 1918, Icariola; cat.). - Spradbery and Kojima, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 250 (key), 1989, Jpn. J. Entomol. 57: 636 (nest; 342, figs. 243-245, pl. 1 fig. 11 (cat.; colony population). - Spradbery, 1991, syn.: Icaria politica de Saussure; distr.). in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. - Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: Wasps: 351 (colony population). - Bor- 187 (Rhopalidia [!]; Zaire). - Verlaine, sato, 1994 (1993), Boll. Soc. Entomol. 1930 (1929), Bull. Ann. Soc. R. Belge. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 29

Entomol. 69: 283 (ethology). - van der sects 17: 418 (in subgenus Anthreneida; Vecht, 1959, Arch. Neerl. Zool. 13, cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: suppl.: 245 (?syn. of R. punctum (Fabri- 111, 132 (in stigma group of subgenus cius)). Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Anthreneida; key). Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in subgenus Ica- DISTRIBUTION: South China; Hong Kong. riola; nest; list). - Kojima and King, 1986, New Entomol. 35: 4, figs. 1-11 hongkongensis juncta van der Vecht (larva). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Ropalidia hongkongensis juncta van der Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 351 (col- Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 141, male, fe- ony population). - Dejean and Turillaz- male - "Tjiboerial near Buitenzorg, zi, 1992, Trop. Zool. 5: 237-247 (tro- W.-Java" (holotype female Leiden); also phobiosis with homopterans). from Bangka; Myanmar; India; 1962, DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Gambia; Cote d'Iv- Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 22 (in subgenus oire; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Ga- Anthreneida; distr.). - Das and Gupta, bon; Congo; Zaire; Tanzania; Kenya; 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 418 Somalia; Angola; South Africa (Trans- (cat.; distr.); 1989, Orient. Insects Mon- vaal, Kwazulu-Natal). ogr. 11: 132, map 19 (in stigma group of subgenus Anthreneida; key; female; hirsuta Richards distr.). Ropalidia hirsuta Richards, 1978, Aust. J. DISTRIBUTION: India (Meghayala); Myanmar; Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 62 (key), 81, fe- Bangka; Java. male (in subgenus Icariola) - "North- ern Territory, Port Darwin" [Australia] horni Sonan (London). - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Ropalidia horni Sonan, 1938, Arb. Morphol. Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 215 (in Tax. Entomol. 5: 260, female -- "Zam- subgenus Icariola; cat.). boanga, South Mindanao, Philippines" DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Northern Territory). (Eberswalde). - van der Vecht, 1941, hongkongensis hongkongensis (de Saus- Treubia 18: 112 (key), 171 (female, sure) male; fig; distr.); 1962, Zool. Verh., Lei- Icaria hongkongensis de Saussure, 1854, Jtt. den 57: 33 (distr.). - Baltazar, 1966, Pac. An- Fam. Vesp. 2: 239, female - "La Chine. Insects Monogr. 8: 292 (in subgenus - Hong-Kong" (London). - Smith, 1857, threneida; cat.). Yoshikawa et al. Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 99 (cat.). - Dalla 1969, Nat. Life S. E. Asia 6: 166 (; Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 (cat.); subgenus Anthreneida; colony popul 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). tion). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zou Ropalidia hongkongensis; Dover, 1926, Chi- Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Icariola - na J. Sci. Arts 4: 233 (distr.). - Liu, list). Kojima, 1982, Biotropica 14: 272 1936-37, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 11: (in subgenus Icariola; nest). - Jeanne et 206, 340 (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1941, al., 1983, Zoomorphologie 103: 155 (in Treubia 18: 110 (key), 139 (in stigma subgenus Anthreneida; morphology). - group; female, male; distr.). - Lee, 1981, Kojima, 1984, Kontyu', 52: 53, 54, fig. Wuyi Sci. J. 1: 198 (in subgenus An- 4 (larva); 1984, Kontyfu, 52: 525 (key), threneida; distr.); 1985, Econ. Insect 529 (Popalidia [!] by miss type-setting; Fauna China 30 Hym.: Vespoidea: 46 in subgenus Icariola; distr.), 530, 531 (key), 48, pl. 3 fig. 3 (in subgenus An- (male genitalia). - Kojima and Tano, threneida; distr.). Richards, 1978, 1985, Kontyui 53: 524, 525 (distr.). - Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in sub- Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, genus Icariola; list). Soc. Biol. Wasps: 351 (colony popula- Ropalidia hongkongensis hongkongensis; tion). - Wenzel, 1991, in Ross and Mat- Lee, 1982, Hornets from Agric. Regions thews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 487 (nest). - China: 83 (honkongensis[!]; key), 83, pl. Starr, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. 3 fig. 3 (in subgenus Anthreneida). - Biol. Wasps: 527 (nest). - Macalintal Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. In- and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Wash- 30 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

ington 17: fig. 1, table 1 (in subgenus Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); 1871, J. Icariola; morphology). Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 380 (cat.). - DISTRIBUTION: Palawan; Panay; Samar; Ley- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 te; Mindanao; North Borneo. (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia humboldti Cheesman 18: 104 (syn. of R. gregaria (de Saus- Ropalidia maculiventris humboldti Chees- sure)). man, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: Ropalidia impetuosa; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. 2, 5, female - "Hollandia" [New Guin- Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold ea] (London); also from 4 other locali- de Belgique 4 (5): 51. - Richards, 1978, ties in New Guinea; and Waigeu Is. Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in sub- Ropalidia humboldti; Richards, 1978, Aust. genus Icariola; list), 86 (possible syn.: J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56 (in subgenus Ropalidia gregaria spilocephala (Cam- Ropalidia; list). - Macalintal and Starr, eron)). 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: DISTRIBUTION: Ceram; Bacan; Ambon. tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Ropalidia; mor- phology). incurva Cheesman DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Ropalidia incurva Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 7, female, cgnobilis (de Saussure) male - "Papua, Mondo, 4000 ft" (ho- Icaria ignobilis de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- lotype female London). didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: DISTRIBUTION: Eastem New Guinea. 114 (key), 127, pl. 4 figs. 7, 7b, female, male - "Madagascar" (Geneve, Paris). insolens Cheesman - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 Ropalidia novaeguineae insolens Cheesman, (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senck- 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, enb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 216, 224 24, female - "Japen, Mt. Baduri, 1000 (female, male), 225 (perhaps small form ft." (lectotype London); also from Hum- of Icaria madecassa de Saussure). boldt Bay and Waigeo. Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Ropalidia insolens; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. 19: 73 (cat.). Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Icaria madecassa var. ignobilis; von Schul- Icarielia; list), 129 (key). - Kojima, thess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostaf- 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 328. rika 1903-1905, Wiss. Ergebn. 2 (2): DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. 64-65. Ropalidia galimatia var. ignobilis; Bequaert, integra Cheesman 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 341 Ropalidia integra Cheesman, 1952, Ann. (cat.; distr.). Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 22, female, Ropalidia ignobilis; FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. "4male" - "Papua, Kokoda, 1200 ft" R. Entomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. (holotype female London). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 Entomol. 25: 85 (distr.; nest). - Kojima, 1988, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 61: 299, (in subgenus Icarielia; list), 128 (key), 129 from ... figs. 44-46 (larva). - Wenzel, 1991, in ("Described female type, Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: male paratype. The specimen in the 487 (nest); 1992, Insectes Soc. 39: 31 London NH labelled type is a female . . . (caste dimorphism). but is, I think, a specimen of R. demi- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. nutiva Cheesman. The paratype, though labelled male, is ... a female without a impetuosa (Smith) gaster ... It is a very different species Icaria impetuosa Smith, 1860 (1861), J. and agrees with the description. I have Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 5: 131, female - transferred the type label to this speci- "Batchian; Amboyna" (lectotype Ox- men."). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., ford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Leiden 70: 328, figs. 13, 26. Zool. 7: 41 (distr.); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 31 interjecta (de Saussure) Zool. 11: 380 (cat.). - Dalla Tonre, 1894, Icaria interjecta de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Cat. Hym. 9: 119 (cat.); 1904, Genera Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 216 Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). - Cameron, (key), 225, female, male - "Madagascar. 1906, in Wichmann, Nova Guinea 5, - Nossi-B6" (Geneve). - Dalla Torre, Zool. 1: 63 (distr.); 1913, Bijdr. Dierkd. 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). 19: 76 (distr.). - von Schulthess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Re- Ropalidia irritata; Bequaert, 1932, Res. ise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, Wiss. Er- Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold gebn. 2 (2): 65. de Belgique 4 (5): 51. - Cheesman, Ropalidia interjecta; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 9 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 342 (cat.; (redescription of type; distr.). - Rich- distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 86, 87 (key), fig. 17. 56 (in subgenus Ropalidia; list). DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. DISTRIBUTION: Western New Guinea. interrupta interrupta van der Vecht ivorina Cheesman Ropalidia variegata interrupta van der Ropalidia ivorina Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 158, female - Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 25, female - "Thursday Island" [Australia] (Cam- "Papua, Kokoda, 1200 ft" (London); bridge). also from Mafulu (4000 ft). - Richards, Ropalidia interrupta interrupta; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58, (in subgenus Icarielia; list), 129 (key). 90 (in subgenus Icariola; list; distr.). - - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, 70: 328. Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 215 (in subgenus DISTRIBUTION: Eastern New Guinea. Icariola; cat.). DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Thursday Is.). jacobsoniflavoscutellata Das and Gupta Ropalidia jacobsoni flavoscutellata Das and interrupta flavinoda van der Vecht Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: Ropalidia variegata flavinoda van der Vecht, 419. Nomen nudum. 1941, Treubia, 18: 158, female - "Cape Ropalidia jacobsoni flavoscutellata Das and York" [Australia] (Cambridge). Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. Ropalidia interrupta flavinoda; Richards, 11: 146 (key), 147, fig. 28I, map 24, fe- 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 91. male, male (in sumatrae group of sub- - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia genus Anthreneida) - "India: Assam: 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 215 (in subgenus Rongooni" (holotype female Calcutta). Icariola; cat.). DISTRIBUTION: India (Assam). DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland). irrequieta (Kohl) jacobsonijacobsoni (du Buysson) Icaria irrequieta Kohl, 1907, Denkschr. K. Icaria jacobsoni du Buysson, 1908, Notes Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. -Naturw. K1. Leyden Mus. 30: 123, female - "aux en- 71 (1): 222, pl. 2 figs. 1, 13, 14, female virons de Batavia" [Java] (lectotype Leiden); also from another locality. - - "Siudarabien (Ras Fart6k)" (?Wien). van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 157 Ropalidia irrequieta; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. (designation of lectotype). Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 342 (cat.). Ropalidia variegata jacobsoni; van der DISTRIBUTION: Yemen. Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104, 156 (key), irmtata (Smith) 157 (distr.). - 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden Icaria irritata Smith, 1863 (1864), J. Proc. 57: 29 (in subgenus Anthreneida; ethol- Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 42, female - "My- ogy; distr.). - Yoshikawa, 1964, Nat. sol" (Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Life S. E. Asia 3: 396, pl. 4 figs. 5, 6, Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (irritator [!]; 8, 10, pl. 7 fig. 19 (nest). - Iwata, 1969, distr.); 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 8: Kontyu, 37: 438 (in subgenus Anthre- 90 (listed); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. neida; nest); 1976, Evol. Instinct: 295, 32 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

297, 198 (in subgenus Anthreneida; Berland and Grass6, 1951, in Grasse, ethology). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Trae Zool. 10 (2): 1165 (nest). - Wenzel, Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (nest). - Ya- 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. mane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta Mat- Wasps: 496, 498, 512 (in subgenus Icar- sumurana, n. ser. 15: 32 (distr.). - Ya- ielia; nest). mane, 1986, Monit. Zool. Ital. (n. ser.) Ropalidia flavopicta javanica van der Vecht, 20: 135 (in subgenus Icariola; etholo- 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 49 (key), gy). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and 54, female, male, nest (in subgenus Icar- Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 349, 353, ielia) - "East Java, Blawan" (holotype 374 (colony population). - Jeanne, 1991, female Leiden); also from Flores. - Iwa- in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. ta, 1976, Evol. Instinct: 295 (in subge- Wasps: 395 (ethology). - It6, 1993, Be- nus Icarielia; ethology). - Richards, hav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 27, 41, 52, 71 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 50 (ethology). (nest). - Jeanne, 1991, in Ross and Mat- Ropalidiajacobsoni; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. thews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 212 (colony Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (list). - Kojima population). and Yamane, 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci. Ka- Ropalidia flavopicta flavopicta; Richards, goshima Univ. (Earth Sci. Biol.) 17: 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 55 110, figs. 30-36 (larva). - Kojima and (nest, citing van der Vecht, 1940). Yarnane, 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Ropalidia javanica; Kojima, 1996, Zool. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 34 Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 326, 334, figs. (key), 36 (distr.). 45, 49, 52, 56, 75-77 (taxonomy; distr.). Ropalidia jacobsoni jacobsoni; Das and DISTRIBUTION: Java; Flores. Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 418 (cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. kurandae Richards 11: 113, 146, map 24 (in sumatra group Ropalidia kurandae Richards, 1978, Aust. J. of subgenus Anthreneida; key; female, Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 55 (nest), 62 (key), male; distr.). 65 (larva in key), 106, figs. 29, 35, 40, DIsTIBUTION: India; Myanmar; Bangka; Su- female, male, nest (in subgenus Icariola) matra; Java; Sulawesi. - "Queensland Q2, Cairns north of El- jaculator (Smith) lis beach" (holotype female Canberra); Odynerusfallax Smith, 1863 (1864), J. Proc. also from numerous other localities in Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 40, female - "My- Queensland. - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. sol" (Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 137 (distr.). 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Odynerus jaculator Smith, 1871, J. Proc. Spradbery and Kojima, 1989, Jpn. J. En- Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 377. Replacement tomol. 57: 639 (nest, colony population). name for 0. fallax Smith, 1863, non - Jeanne, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, 1861. Soc. Biol. Wasps: 203, 212, 225 (colony Odynerus tertius Dalla Torre, 1889, Wien. population). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross Entomol. Ztg. 8: 125. Unnecessary re- and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 351 placement name for Odynerus fallax (colony population). - Naumann, 1993, Smith, 1863, non 1861 and de Saussure, in Naumann et al., Cape York Penin. 1852; 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 100 (cat.); Sci. Exp. Wet Season 1992 Rep. 2: 180 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 55 (cat.). (distr.). - Borsato, 1994 (1993), Boll. DISTRIBUtION: New Guinea (Misool). Soc. Entomol. Ital. 125 (3): 250 (in sub- javanica van der Vecht genus Icariola; distr.). - Macalintal and Ropalidia flavopicta; van der Vecht, 1940, Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington Entomol. Meded. Ned. Indie 6: 47, pl. 5 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; (nest). - Richards and Richards, 1951, morphology). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 8 Meded., Leiden 70: 328; 1996, Zool. (nest: calyptodomous, laterinidial). - Meded., Leiden 70: 350. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 33

DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland); New Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Guinea. Icariola; list). DISTRIBUTION: Sumba; Roti; Timor; Wetar; latebalteata (Cameron) Romang; Kisar; Moluccas. Icaria latebalteata Cameron, 1902, J. Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc. 37: 100, female - laticincta floresiana van der Vecht "Kuching, Sarawak" (London). - Dalla Ropalidia laticincta floresiana van der Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 16, (cat.). - Cameron, 1906, Tijdschr. En- male, female - "Flores, Boa Wae, 450 tomol. 49: 231 (latibalteata [!]; com- m" (holotype male Leiden). pared to L spilocephala n. sp.). DISTRIBUTION: Flores. Ropalidia latebalteata; Dover, 1931 (1930), J. Fed. Mal. St. Mus. 16: 257 (Selangor, lefebvrei (Le Guillou) Polistes lefebvrei Le Guillou, 1841, Rev. Perak). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 113 (key), 178 (female; distr.); 1962, Zool. 1841: 325, female - "Triton-Bay" Zool. Verh., Leiden, 57: 35 (in subgenus [New Guinea] (Paris); 1841, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 10: 322. Anthreneida; distr.). -- Kojima and Ya- lefebvrei; de Saussure, 1854, Et. mane, 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci. Kagoshima ?Icaria Univ. (Earth Sci. Biol.) 17: 105, figs. 8- Fam. Vesp. 2: 241 (unidentified species). Icaria lefebvrei; Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. 15 (in subgenus Anthreneida; larva). - in Sakagami Mus. 5: 95 (cat.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Kojima and Yamane, 1990, - et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 (cat.). Dalla Torre, 1894, Hym. Cat. 9: 119 (cat.); 1904, Sumatra: 35 (key), 36 (distr.). - Macal- - intal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). du Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Buysson, 1911, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- Anthreneida; morphology). forsch. Ges. 34: 229 (taxonomy; distr.). DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Borneo; Su- Ropalidia lefebvrei; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. L6opold matra. de Belgique 4 (5): 50. latetergum Richards DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Ropalidia latetergum Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (list), 65 leopoldi Bequaert (key), 69, female (in subgenus Polistra- Ropalidia leopoldi Bequaert, 1932, R6s. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold tus) - "Queensland Q2, Kuranda" de Belgique 4 (5): 47, female - "Nou- (Melbourne), 122 (key). - [Australia] velle-Guinee hollandaise. Lac d'Angi- Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, - Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 214 (in subgenus Gita" [Anggi Gita] (Brussels). Rich- ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: cat.). - Kojima, 1993, New Polistratus; 58 (in subgenus Icarielia; list), 129 Entomol. 42: 4 Naumann, (biology). (key). - Kojima and Spradbery, 1987, 1993, in Naumann et al., Cape York - Wet Season 1992 Rep. Kontyfu, 55: 606, figs. 28-36 (larva). Penin. Sci. Exp. Spradbery and Kojima, 1989, Jpn. J. En- 2: 180 (distr.). - Borsato, 1994 (1993), Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 125 (3): 250 (in tomol. 57: 649 (nest). - Spradbery, subgenus Polistratus; distr.). 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Australia (North Queensland). Wasps: 351 (colony population). - Ko- DISTRIBUTION: jima and Kojima, 1994, Tropics 4: 49 laticincta laticincta van der Vecht (caste differentiation). - Kojima, 1996, Ropalidia laticincta laticincta van der Vecht, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 328, figs. 11, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 14, male, 24. female (in subgenus Anthreneida) - Icaria spec.; von Schulthess, 1932, Res. "Sumba, Waikarudi" (holotype male Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold Basel); also from Timor, Roti, Wetar, de Belgique 4 (5): 40 (Nouvelle-Guine6, Roma, Kisar, Moluccas. Lac de Angi-Gita). Ropalidia laticincta; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. 34 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199 lepida van der Vecht lugubris (Srmith) Ropalidia lepida van der Vecht, 1962, Zool. Icaria lugubris Smith, 1858, J. Proc. Linn. Verh., Leiden 57: 42 (key), 43 (fig.), 66, Soc. Zool. 2: 115, female - "Borneo female, male (in subgenus Icarielia) - (Sarawak)" (lectotype Oxford). - de "Luzon: ... Damalon" [Philippines] Saussure, 1862, Stettin. Entomol. Ztg. (holotype female Leiden). - Baltazar, 23: 134. - Smith, 1863 (1864), J. Proc. 1966, Pac. Insects Monogr. 8: 293 (in Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); 1871, J. subgenus Icarielia; cat.). - Kojima, Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 (cat.). - 1982, Kontyfi 50: 109, 110 (in subgenus Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 Icarielia; key). - Kojima and Tano, (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 1985, Kontyfi 53: 525, 526 (distr.; fig.; (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1962, Zool. male genitalia). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 36 (designation of lec- Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 328, figs. 2, 15. totype). DISTRIBUTION: Luzon; Mindanao. Ropalidia krishna Dover and Rao, 1922, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 18: 246, fe- longipetiokata (Cameron) male - "Calcutta and environs" [India] Icaria longipetiolata Cameron, 1911, Nova (Calcutta). - Dover, 1925 (1924), J. Guinea 9, Zool. 2: 189, female - "Lor- Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 20: 302 (syn. entz River" (lectotype Amsterdam). - of Ropalidia lugubris (Smith)). van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 105 Ropalidia lugubris; Dover, 1925 (1924), J. (subfamily Polybiinae). Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 20: 302 (syn: Ropalidia longipetiolata; Bequaert, 1932, R. krishna). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Zool. Suppi. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus L6opold de Belgique 4 (5): 50 ("prob- Anthreneida; list). ablement un Parapolybia"). - Rich- Ropalidia sumatrae lugubris; van der Vecht, ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 1941, Treubia 18: 104, 185 (distr.); 58 (in subgenus Icarielia; list), 128 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 36 (in (key). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Yamane Leiden 70: 328. and Yamane, 1979, Insecta Matsumu- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. rana, n. ser. 15: 32 (in subgenus Anthre- neida). - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), loriana (du Buysson) Orient. Insects 17: 425 (in subgenus An- Polybia loriana du Buysson, 1909, Ann. threneida; cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova (3) 4 [= Monogr. 11: 136, map 20 (in sumatrae 44]: 314, female - "Nouvelle Guinee S. group of subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). E. Moroka 1300 m" (Paris). DISTRIBUTION: India (West Bengal); Borneo. Parapolybia loriana; von Schulthess, 1913, luzonensis Kojima Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 153 Ropalidia flavopicta flavobrunnea; van der (key), 158, pl. 11 fig. 5 (female). Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 59 Ropalidia loriana; van der Vecht, 1966, [partim]. Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6. - Richards, Ropalidia luzonensis Kojima, 1996, Zool. 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 Meded., Leiden 70: 343, figs. 98-100, (in subgenus Icarielia; list), 128 (key). 102-106, female - "Philippines, Mon- - Kojima and Spradbery, 1987, Kontyfi, talba [probably Montalban, outside Que- 55: 607, figs. 37-41 (larva). - Sprad- zon City, Luzon, 14°44'N, 121007'E]" bery and Kojima, 1989, Jpn. J. Entomol. (Leiden); the unique holotype "is listed 57: 633 (nest; colony population). - under R. flavopicta flavobrunnea by van Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, der Vecht (1962: 59)". Soc. Biol. Wasps: 351 (colony popula- DISTRIBUTION: Luzon. tion). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., mackayensis Richards Leiden 70: 328. Ropalidia mackayensis Richards, 1978, Aust. DISnuBUTION: New Guinea. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 62 (key), 105, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 35

fig. 14, female, male (in subgenus Ica- Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56 (in subgenus riola) - "Queensland Q2, 35 miles SE. Ropalidia; list). - Kojima, 1984, Kon- of Ayr" [Australia] (holotype female tyfi, 52: 359, figs. 28-33 (larva). - Canberra); also from numerous other lo- Spradbery and Kojima, 1989, Jpn. J. En- calities in Queensland. - Cardale, 1985, tomol. 57: 643 (colony population; Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. nest). - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Sphec.: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: tables - Jeanne, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, 1, 2 (in subgenus Ropalidia; morpholo- Soc. Biol. Wasps: 203, 212, 225 (colony gy). population). - Kojima, 1993, New En- Icaria maculiventris; de Saussure, 1853, Et. tomol. 42: 4 (biology). - It6, 1993, Be- Fam. Vesp. 2: 23. - Smith, 1857, Cat. hav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 89 (in subgenus Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 95 (cat.); 1859, Proc. Icariola; ethology). - Kojima, 1996, Linn. Soc. Zool. 3: 167 (female; distr.); Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 328; 1996, 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 350. 41 (distr.); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland). Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.) [error: Sula- wesi]; 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 8: maculata (Radoszkowski) 90 (distr.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Icaria maculata Radoszkowski, 1881, J. Sci. Zool. 11: 379 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Math. Phys. Nat. Acad. Lisboa 8, (31): Cat. Hym., 9: 119 (cat. [erroneously re- 204, male - "Angola" (type depository corded from "Australia"]); 1904, Gen- unknown). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. era Insectorum 19: 74 (cat., as 1894). - Hym. 9: 119 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insec- Schulz, 1904, Berl. Entomol. Z., 49: 225 torum 19: 74 (cat.). - Bequaert, 1918, (Papua) [partim]. - Cameron, 1906, in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 342 ("a Wichmann, Nova Guinea 5, Zool. 1: 62 very doutful species"). (distr.). - du Buysson, 1911, Abh. DISTRIBUTION: Angola. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 34: 229 maculiventris macutiventris Guenin-Mene- (distr.). - Meade-Waldo, 1912, Ann. ville Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 9: (distr. [erroneous- Ropalidia maculiventris Guerin-Meneville, ly recorded from Borneo]). 1831, in Duperrey, Voyage Coquille, DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Zool., Atlas, Ins.: pl. 9 fig. 8 - "Dory" maculiventris pratti Cheesman [= Manokwari, New Guinea] (Genova); Ropalidia pratti Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. 1838, , in Duperrey, Voyage Coquille, Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 6, female, male - Zool. 2, Texte 2nd part, 1st div.: 266 - "Papua, Kokoda" (holotype female (Rhopalidia [!]). Ducke, 1913: Dtsch. also from Ekeikei. - Richards, Entomol. Z. 1913: 331 (Rhopalidia [!]; London); [!] 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56 correct name of Icaria maculipennis (in subgenus Ropalidia; list). -- Macal- de Saussure). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. intal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 39: 244; 1932, Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. Ropalidia; morphology). LUopold de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - Guig- Ropalidia maculiventris pratti; Kojima and lia, 1948 (1947-49), Ann. Mus. Civ. Spradbery, 1987, Konty4f, 55: 601, figs. Stor. Nat. Genova, 63: 177 (Rhopalidia; 1-7 (larva) - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross type: a damaged specimen from "Austr. and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 351, Voy. Coquille" ex coll. Gu6rin-M6ne- 354 (colony population). ville in MCG). - Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Eastern New Guinea. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 4 (female; DISTRIBUTION: distr. [erroneously recorded from Cele- magnanima albitarsis van der Vecht bes and Borneo]). - van der Vecht, Ropalidia magnanima albitarsis van der 1968, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. C Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 125, female - Biol. Med. Sci. 71: 418, fig. 3g (mor- "Tenasserim: . .. Haundraw Valley" phology). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. [Myanmar] (London); also from Viet- 36 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

nam; 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 9 (in Insects 17: 427 (in subgenus Icarielia; subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Das and cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 113 (key), 151, map 25 (in subgenus 419 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.); Icarielia). - Gusenleitner, 1996, Linz. 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 110, Biol. Beitr. 28: 16 (compared to R. ob- 116 (key), map 14 (distr.). scura n. sp.). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Vietnam. Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 328, 340. magnanima anthracina Das and Gupta DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar. Ropalidia magnanima anthracina Das and malayana (Cameron) Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: Icaria 419. Nomen nudum. malayana Cameron, 1903, J. Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc. 39: 171, female- "Sa- Ropalidia magnanima anthracina Das and rawak" Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. (London). 11: 110, 115 Icaria parvimaculata Cameron, 1907, J. (key), 116, figs. 25g, 27a, Straits Br. R. map 14, male (in marginata group of Asiat. Soc. 48: 25, female subgenus Anthreneida) - "Burma: Ka- - "Marup" [N. Borneo] (London). - maeng in Myitkyina District" (Calcut- Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: ta). 351 (syn. of R. malayana). DISTRIBUTION: Myarmar. Ropalidia delicata Dover, 1931 (1930) J. Fed. Mal. St. Mus. 16: 257, female - magnanima magnanima van der Vecht "Kuala Lipis (Bencha Forest Reserve), Icaria guttatipennis; Bingham, 1897, Fauna Pahang, FM.S." (London). - van der Br. India, Hym. 1: 386 (key), 387 (fe- Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. of R. male; distr.) [misidentification of gutta- malayana (Cam.)). - Kojima, 1996, tipennis from Africa]. Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 351 (syn. of Ropalidia guttatipennis; Dover, 1929, Bull. R. malayana). Raffles Mus. 2: 46 (distr.) [misidentifi- Ropalidia malayana; van der Vecht, 1941, cation of guttatipennis de Saussure]. Treubia 18: 104 (syn.: R. delicata Do- Ropalidia magnanima magnanima van der ver), 112 (key), 174 (taxonomy; female, Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 109 (key), 125, male; distr.); 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden male, female - "Burma: ... Schwego 57: 34 (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). Myo" (holotype female Venezia); also - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. from Tenasserim; 1962, Zool. Verh., Ser. 61: 58 Leiden 57: 9 (in 57, (in subgenus Anthreneida subgenus Anthreneida; and - and distr.; type location stated to be "Lon- Icariola; list). Kojima Ya- don"). - Richards, 1978, mane, 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Aust. J. Zool. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 34 Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Icariola; 36 list). - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Ori- (key), (distr.). - Macalintal and Starr, ent. Insects 17: 419 (in subgenus An- 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: threneida; cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; mor- Monogr. 11: 110, 116, map 14 (in mar- phology). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Med- ginata group of subgenus Anthreneida; ed., Leiden 70: 349, 350, 357 (key), figs. key). 1, 2, 5, 7-9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 26, 27 DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Malay Peninsula. (taxonomy; syn.: Icaria parvimaculata, Ropalidia delicata). malaisei van der Vecht Ropalidia malayana var. parvimaculata; van Ropalidia malaisei van der Vecht, 1962, der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104, 176 Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 42 (key), 65, (taxonomy; female; distr.); 1962, Zool. male, female (in subgenus Icarielia) - Verh., Leiden 57: 34 (in subgenus An- "Burma: North East Burma, ... Pun- threneida; distr.). kataung, Road Sadon-Myitkyina" (ho- Ropalidia malayana parvimacula [!]; Gus- lotype female Leiden); also from Sadon. enleitner, 1996, Linz. Biol. Beitr. 28: 18 - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. (compared to R. vietnama n. sp.). 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 37

DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Polistes ferruginea; Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Sunda Shelf; Borneo. Piez.: 277. Epipona marginata Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. marginata jucunda (Cameron) Nat. Insectes Hym. 1: 541, male, female Icaria jucunda Cameron, 1898, Mem. Proc. - "Inde" (coll. Serville, ?Torino). - Manchr. Lit. Philos. Soc. 42 (11): 46, Smith, 1852, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2)9: female - "New Guinea" (Oxford). - 47. Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Icaria marginata; de Saussure, 1854, Et. 19: 73 (cat.). - Cameron, 1906, Tijdschr. Fam. Vesp. 2: 237 (taxonomy; "Indes Entomol. 49: 230 (compared to I. prui- Orientales"). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. nosa n. sp.). Br. Mus. 5: 97 (cat.). - de Saussure, Icaria . pruinosa Cameron, 1906, Tijdschr. 1862, Stettin. Entomol. Ztg. 23: 139. - Entomol. 49: 228, female - "Digoel" Gribodo, 1884, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. [New Guinea] (lectotype Amsterdam). - Nat. Genova (2) 1 (= 21): 355. - Dalla van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 (cat.); (syn. of R. marginata jucunda (Cam.)). 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). Ropalidia jucunda; Bequaert, 1932, Res. - Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold 1: 387 (key), 388 (distr.). de Belgique 4 (5): 50. Icaria ferruginea; de Saussure, 1853, Et. Ropalidia pruinosa; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Fam. Vesp. 2: 38 ("Indes Orientales"). Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: de Belgique 4 (5): 51. 97(cat.); 1858, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. Ropalidia marginatajucunda; van der Vecht, 2: 115 (distr.); 1858 (1859), J. Proc. 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn: L pruinosa Linn. Soc. Zool. 3: 22 (distr.); 1863 Cameron), 124 (distr.); 1962, Zool. (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 42 Verh., Leiden 57: 13 (specimens from (distr.); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. the Philippines placed under jucunda in Zool. 7: 138 (distr.). - Home, 1870, 1941 paper are to be in sundaica). - Bal- Trans. Zool. Soc. London 7: 169 (ethol- tazar, 1966, Pac. Insects Monogr. 8: 292 ogy) [misidentification?]. - Smith, 1871, (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.). - Rich- J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 378 (distr.) ards 1978,: 60 (key), 100 (in subgenus [misidentification?]. - Andr6, 1889, Le Icariola; female, male; distr.). - Yamane Naturaliste: 189. [misidentification?]. - and Yamane, 1979, Insecta Matsumu- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 118 rana, n. ser. 15: 6 (compared to R. spa- (cat.) [misidentification?]. - Bingham, tulata). - Yamane and Okazawa, 1981, 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: 386 Rep. Fac. Sci. Kagoshima Univ. (Earth (key), 387 (female; distr.). - Cameron, Sci. Biol.) 14: 69, fig. 4 (larva). - Car- 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 495 dale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, (male). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera In- Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 215 (in subgenus sectorum 19: 73 (cat.) [misidentifica- Icariola; cat.). - Spradbery and Kojima, tion?]. 1989, Jpn. J. Entomol. 57: 637 (colony Ropalidia ferruginea; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. population; parasite). - Spradbery, 1991, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 247 [misiden- in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. tification?]. - Dover and Rao, 1922, J. Wasps: 352 (colony population). Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 18: 244 [mis- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; New Britain; identification?]. - Salt and Bequaert, Australia (Thursday Is., Queensland). 1929, Psyche 36: 263 (record of stylop- ized specimen). - Dover, 1931 (1930), J. marginata marginata (Lepeletier) Fed. Malay. St. Mus. 16: 257 (distr.). - Vespa ferruginea Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Lee, 1982, Hornets from Agric. Regions Syst. 2: 280 - "India orientali" (Koben- China: 83 (key), 85, pl. 5 fig. 5 (in sub- havn). Junior primary homonym of Ves- genus Anthreneida); 1985, Econ. Insect pa ferruginea Gmelin, 1790, and Vespa Fauna China 30 Hym.: Vespoidea: 46 ferruginea Olivier, 1792. (key), 49 (in subgenus Anthreneida; fe- 38 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

male, distr.) [error: year of publication sectes Soc. 38: 213 (ethology). - Gad- 1792]. agkar et al., 1991, Naturwissenschaften Ropalidia marginata; Dover and Rao, 1922, 78: 523 (castes). - Gadagkar et al., 1991, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 18: 244. - Entomon, 16: 167 (ethology). - Gadag- Gadgil and Mahabal, 1974, Curr. Sci. kar et al., 1991, Ecol. Entomol. 16: 435 43: 482 (ethology). - Richards, 1978, (ethology). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in sub- and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 349, genus Icariola; list), 64 (key), 65 (larva 352, 354 (colony population). - Ross in key). - Gadagkar, 1980, Curr. Sci. 49: and Carpenter, 1991, in Ross and Mat- 772 (ethology). - Belavadi and Govin- thews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 459, 460, 464 dan, 1981, Colemania 1: 95 (in subgenus (biology). - Chandrashekara and Gad- Icariola; ethology). - Gadagkar et al., agkar, 1992, J. Insect Behav. 5: 193 1982, Proc. Symp. Ecol. Anim. Pop. (ethology). - Venkataraman and Gad- Zool. Surv. India 4: 49; 1982, Proc. In- agkar, 1992, Insectes Soc. 39: 285 dian Acad. Sci. Anim. Sci. 91: 539 (ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1993, Ex- (ecology). - Gadagkar and Joshi, 1982, perientia 49: 714 (ethology); 1993, in in Breed et al., Biol. Soc. Insects: 187 Keller, Queen Number Soc. Insects: 188 (ethology); 1983, Anim. Behav. 31: 26 (ethology). - Ito, 1993, Behav. Soc. (ethology). - Gadagkar, 1985, Proc. In- Evol. Wasps: 51, 74, 131, 133 (etholo- dian Acad. Sci. Anim. Sci. 94: 319 gy). - Raghuwanshi, 1993, Ind. J. Zool. (ethology). - Muralidharan et al., 1986, Spectrum 3 (1-2): 5 (morphology). - Ra- J. Genet. 65: 153 (ethology). - Gadagkar ghuwanshi and Pathak, 1993, Ind. J. et al., 1988, Proc. R. Soc. London B Zool. Spectrum 4 (1-2): 19 (physiology). Biol. Sci. 233: 175 (ethology). - Ven- - Gadagkar, 1994, in Agrawal, Perspect. kataraman et al., 1988, Behav. Ecol. So- Entomol. Res.: 263 (ethology). - Gad- ciobiol. 23: 271 (ethology). - Gadagkar, agkar and Bonner, 1994, J. Biosci. 19 1990, Proc. R. Soc. London B Biol. Sci. (2): 219 (ethology). - Premnath et al., 329: 20 (ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1994, in Lenoir et al., Insect. Soc.: 242 1990, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Anim. Sci. (ethology). - Gadagkar, 1995, Curr. Sci. 99: 141 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 1990, in 68: 185 (ethology); 1995, in Ramamur- Veeresh et al., Soc. Insects Environ.: 9 thi and Bali, Readings Behav.: 8 (ethol- (ethology). - Venkataraman and Gad- ogy); 1995, in Ramamurthi and Bali, agkar, 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. In- Readings Behav.: 135 (ethology). - Ito, - sects Environ.: 71 (ethology). Chan- 1995, Pac. Sci. 49: 42 (ethology). - drashekara and Gadagkar, 1990, in Ve- Premnath et al., 1995, Behav. Ecol. 6 eresh et al., Soc. Insects Environ.: 73 (2): 117 (ethology); 1995, in Ramamur- (ethology); 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. thi and Bali, Readings Behav.: 160 Insects Indian Perspec.: 153 (ethology). (ethology). - Shakarad and Gadagkar, - Chandran and Gadagkar, 1990, in Ve- 1995, Ecol. Entomol. 20 (3): 273 (ethol- eresh et al., Soc. Insects Environ.: 78 ogy); 1995, in Ramamurthi and Bali, (ethology). - Nair et al., 1990, in Ve- Readings Behav.: 144 (ethology). - Ar- eresh et al., Soc. Insects Environ.: 79 athi and Gadagkar, 1995, in Ramamurthi (ethology). - Chandrashekara et al., and Bali, Readings Behav.: 153 (ethol- 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. Insects En- ogy). - Venkataraman and Gadagkar, viron.: 81 (ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1995, Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. Part 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. Insects En- B Biol. Sci. 61 (4): 299-313 (ethology). viron.: 227 (ethology). - Belavadi and - Gadagkar, 1996, in Turillazzi and Veeresh, 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. In- West-Eberhard, Nat. Hist. Evol. Paper sects Environ.: 481 (prey record). - Wasps: 248 (ethology); 1996, J. Indian Gadagkar, 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. Inst. Sci. 75 (3): 333 (ethology); 1996, Insects Indian Perspec.: 129 (ethology). Insectarium 33 (4): 18 (ethology). - - Chandrashekara and Gadagkar, 1991, Strassmann et al., 1996, Mol. Ecol. 5 Ethology 87: 269 (ethology); 1991, In- (3): 459 (genetics). - Premnath et al., 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 39

1996, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 39: 125 1884, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova (ethology). (2) 1 [= 21]: 356. Ropalidia marginata marginata; van der Icaria marginata; Cameron, 1905, Tijdschr. Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 109 (key), 117 Entomol. 48: 73. - Fullaway, 1913, (fig.; taxonomy; distr.); 1962, Zool. Proc. Hawaii. Entomol. Soc. 2: 283 Verh., Leiden 57: 11 (in subgenus An- (distr.). - von Schulthess, 1927, Suppl. threneida; distr.). - Yamane and Ya- Entomol. 16: 83 (distr.); 1932, Res. mane, 1979, Insecta Matsumurana, n. Scient. Voy. ind. Or. Neerl Leopold 4, 5: ser. 15: 32 (in subgenus Anthreneida; 40. distr.). - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Ropalidia ferruginea; Dover, 1929, Bull. Orient. Insects 17: 419 (cat.; distr.); Raffles Mus. 2: 46; 1931, J. Fed. Malay 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 110, St. Mus. 16: 257. 118, map 15 (in marginata group of Ropalidia marginata var. sundaica "v. d. subgenus Anthreneida; key; female, Vecht (in lit.)" Bequaert and Yasumatsu, male; fig.; distr.). 1939, Tenthredo 2: 315. Nomen nudum. Ropalidia marginata indica van der Vecht, Ropalidia marginata sundaica Esaki, 1939, 1941, Treubia 18: 121 ("holotype" from Vol. Jubilare pro Prof. S. Yoshida: 238. Amballa) [replacement name for Vespa Nomen nudum. ferruginea Fabricius, 1793]; 1962, Zool. Ropalidia marginata var. sundaica Yasumat- Verh., Leiden 57: 5 (clarification that su, 1940, Akitu 2: 184. Nomen nudum. this is a replacement name for ferrugi- Ropalidia marginata sundaica van der nea Fabricius, and not to be considered Vecht, 1941 Treubia 18: 122, female, as a new taxon). male - "Koeripan, between Batavia and DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan; India; Sri Lanka. Buitenzorg, W. Java" (holotype female Leiden); also from Mariana Is.; Malay marginata rufitarsis van der Vecht Peninsula; Bangka; Borneo; KarimaJ Icaria guttatipennis; Bingham, 1897, Fauna Djawa Isl. - Yasumatsu, 1945, Mush Br. India, Hym. 1: 386 (key), 387 (mis- 16: 35 (distr.). - van der Vecht, 1962, identification of guttatipennis from Af- Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 12 (distr.; bio- rica; female; distr.). - Cameron, 1900, nomics). - Baltazar, 1966, Pac. Insects Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 501 (misi- Monogr. 8: 292 (in subgenus Anthrenei- dentification?; compared to L wrough- da; cat.). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. Instinct: toni, n. sp.). 295 (in subgenus Anthreneida; etholo- Ropalidia marginata rufitarsis van der gy). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 122, female - Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (nest). - Kojima, "Tenasserim: Haundraw Valley" 1984, Konty4, 52: 55, fig. 5 (larva); [Myanmar] (London); also from Bhamo 1984, Kontyci 52: 523 (key), 526, 530, and Tavoy; 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 531 (in subgenus Icariola; fig.; distr.; 57: 12 (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). male genitalia;). - Miyano, 1994, Nat. - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Hist. Res., spec. issue, (1): 209 (distr.); Insects 17: 420 (in subgenus Anthrenei- 1994, Nat. Hist. Res., spec. issue, (1): da; cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 237 (ethology; nest). - Yamane, 1991, 11: 118 (key), 119, map 15 (in margin- Proc. Jpn. Soc. Syst. Zool. 45: 55 ata group of subgenus Anthreneida). (distr.). - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar. Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: table 1 (in subgenus Icariola). - Kusigemati et marginata sundaica van der Vecht al., 1996, Occasion. Pap. Kagoshima ?Polistes sumatrae Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Univ. Res. Center S. Pacif. 30: 12 Piez.: 273 - "Sumatra" (Kobenhavn); (distr.). non Ropalidia sumatrae (Weber) [= Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier); Kojima Vespa sumatrae Weber, 1801]. and Yamane, 1990, in Sakagami et al., UIcaria ferruginea; Smith, 1871, J. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 378. - Gribodo, 34 (key), 35 (distr.). 40 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Borneo; threneida; cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Bangka; Sumatra; Java; Kanman Djawa; Monogr. 11: 111, 133 (in subgenus An- Lesser Sunda Is.; Sulawesi; Talud Is.; threneida; key; distr. [record from Java Tukang Besi Is.; Philippine Is.; Mariana probably erroneous]). Is.; Palau Is.; Volcano Is. Ropalidia mathematica; Richards, 1978, mathematica binotata van der Vecht Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in sub- "Icaria genus Icariola; list). variegata var., non type!"; de Saus- DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; Lombok; Flores; sure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 25. - von ?Java. Schulthess, 1927, Suppl. Entomol. 16: 83 (distr.). mathematica nigroplagiata (Cameron) Ropalidia mathematica binotata van der Icaria nigroplagiata Cameron, 1900, Ann. Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 131, female, Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 498, female - male - "W. Java, Tapos on Mt. Gedeh "Khasia Hills" [India] (Oxford). - Dalla (800 m)" (holotype female Leiden); also Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 from Bali; Sumatra; Bangka; 1962, (cat.). - Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay Nat. Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 19 (distr.; biol- Hist. Soc. 24: 714 (cat.). ogy; nest). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. Instinct: Ropalidia mathematica nigroplagiata; van 295 (in subgenus Anthreneida; etholo- der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104, 132 gy). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. (distr.). - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (nest). - Kojima and Orient. Insects 17: 421 (cat.; distr.); Yamane, 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci. Kagoshi- 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 111, ma Univ. (Earth Sci. Biol.) 17: 114, figs. 133 (key), 134, map 19 (in stigma group 43-49 (larva). of subgenus Anthreneida; female; distr.). Ropalidia mathematica; Kojima and Ya- DISTRIBUTION: India (Meghalaya, Uttar Pra- mane, 1990, in Sakagamni et al., Nat. desh, Tripura). Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 34 (key), 35 (distr.). mathematica sumbaensis van der Vecht DISTRIBUTION: Bangka; Sumatra; Java; Bali; Ropalidia mathematica sumbaensis van der Sumbawa; Flores; Karimon Djawa; Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 20, Straits Sunda. female, male (in subgenus Anthreneida) - "Sumba: Langgaliru" (holotype fe- mathematica mathematica (Smith) male Basel); ? also from Timor. Polybia mathematica Smith, 1860 (1861), J. DISTRIBUTION: Sumba; ?Timor. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 5: 90, female - "Makassar" [Sulawesi] (Oxford); 1863 mathematica torrida (Smith) (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 139 Icaria torrida Smith, 1863 (1864), J. Proc. (distr.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 42, female - "Ce- 11: 384 (cat). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. ram" (Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Hym. 9: 164 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insec- Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); 1871, J. torum 19: 78 (cat.). - van der Vecht, Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 380 (cat.). - 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6 (= Ro- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 palidia mathematica). (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 Parapolybia mathematica; von Schulthess, (cat.). - von Schulthess, 1927, Suppl. 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: Entomol. 16: 83 (distr.) [misidentifica- 164 (syn. of Icaria stigma Smith, ac- tion?]. cording to Meade-Waldo, in litt.). Ropalidia torrida; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Ropalidia mathematica mathematica; van Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 110 (key), de Belgique 4 (5): 51. 130 (in stigma group; female; distr.); Ropalidia mathematica torrida; van der 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 18 (in Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104, 133 subgenus Anthreneida; distr.: Celebes; (distr.); 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 20 Flores). - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.; "Per- Orient. Insects 17: 420 (in subgenus An- haps this form will eventually prove to 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 41

be closer to R. socialis or unicolor than Icaria fulvipennis Gribodo, 1892 (1891), to R. mathematica."). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital., 23: 245, fe- DISTRIBUTION: Moluccas. male - "Marang (Sumatra)" (Genova). melania Richards - Dalla Tonfe, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 Ropalidia melania Richards, 1978, Aust. J. (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 55 (nest), 57 (list), (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 65 (larva in key), 122 (key), 126, fe- 18: 104 (syn. of R. modesta (Smith)). - Icaria ungulata Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. male, nest (in subgenus Polistratus) India, Hym. 1: 387 (key), 391, female - "New Guinea: Morobe District, Wau" "Tenasserim" [Myanmar] (London). - (London). - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: tables 19: 74 (cat.). - Dover, 1931 (1930), J. 1, 2 (in subgenus Polistratus; morphol- Fed. Malay St. Mus. 16: 257 (distr.). - ogy). van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. (syn. of R. modesta (Smith)). mimikae (Meade-Waldo) Ropalidia ungulata; Dover, 1931 (1930), J. Icaria mimikae Meade-Waldo, 1912, Ann. Fed. Mal. St. Mus. 16: 257 (distr.). Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 9: 448 (key), 450, Ropalidia modesta; van der Vecht, 1941, female (in subgenus Icariastrum) - Treubia 18: 104 (syn: L fulvipennis Gri- "Mimika River" [New Guinea] (Lon- bodo, I. ungulata Bingham), 112 (key), don). 187 (taxonomy; fig.; distr.); 1962, Zool. Ropalidia mimikae; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Verh., Leiden 57: 36 (in subgenus An- Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold threneida; ethology; distr.). - Richards, de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - Cheesman, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 9 57 (in subgenus Anthreneida; nest; list). (redescription of the type). - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Insects 17: 421 (in subgenus Anthrenei- da; cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. minor (de Saussure) 11: 112 (key), 135, map 20 (sumatrae Icaria hova var. minor de Saussure, 1900, group of subgenus Anthreneida; female; Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 fig.; distr.). - Kojima and Yamane, 1990, (2): 217 (key), 228, female - "In Mad- in Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps agascar vulgaris" (Geneve). Bees Eq. Sumatra: 35 (key). Ropalidia hova var. minor; Bequaert, 1918, DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Thailand; Malay Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 342 (cat.; Java. distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- Peninsula; Borneo; Sumatra; tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- mondoensis Cheesman mol. 25: 84 (nest). Ropalidia mondoensis Cheesman, 1952, Ropalidia hova minor; Richards, 1978, Aust. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 6, female J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (in subgenus - "Papua, Mafulu, 4000 ft" (London); Icariola; nest). also from Mondo (5000 ft). - Richards, Ropalidia minor; Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 56 Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 88 (key), fig. 11. (in subgenus Ropalidia; list). DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. DISTRIBUTION: Eastern New Guinea. modesta (Smith) montana Carl Icaria modesta Smith, 1858, J. Proc. Linn. Icaria montana Carl, 1930, Memoires du Soc. Zool. 2: 115, female - "Borneo "Globe" 49: 22. Nomen nudum. (Sarawak)" (Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Ropalidia montana; Carl, 1934, Rev. Suisse Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); Zool. 41: 675, figs. 1-6, 8-13, female, 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 male, nest - "le versant m&idional des (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: Nilgiris ... Coonoor" [India] (Geneave). 119 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: - Richards and Richards, 1951, Trans. 74 (cat.). R. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 6 (nest 42 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

[incorrectly as "pharagmocyrrarus"]). - Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: Berland and Grasse, 1951, in Grasse, 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). Trait6 Zool. 10 (2): 1164. - van der DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Northern Territory, Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 42 Western Australia). (key), 70 (in subgenus Icarielia; distr.); 1968, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. C mutabilis torresiana Richards Biol. Med. Sci. 71: 418, fig. 3c (mor- Ropalidia mutabilis torresiana Richards, phology). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. Instinct: 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 96, 295 (in subgenus Icarielia; ethology). - female - "Queensland Q3, Iron Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Range" [Australia] (Canberra); also Ser. 61: 55, 59 (in subgenus Icarielia; from two other localities in Queensland. nest; list), 128 (key). - Yamane and Ya- - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia mane, 1979, Insecta Matsumurana, n. 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 216 (in subgenus ser. 15: 32 (in subgenus Icarielia; distr.). Icariola; cat.). - Yamane et al., 1983, Insectes Soc. 30: DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland). 416 (biology). - Jeanne et al., 1983, nigemma van der Vecht Zoomorphologie 103: 155 (in subgenus Ropalidia nigerrima van der Vecht, 1962, Icarielia; morphology). - Das and Gup- Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 38 (key), 39, fe- ta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 427 male - "Berangas, South East Borneo" (in subgenus Icarielia; cat.; distr.); 1989, (Leiden). - Kojima and Yamane, 1990, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 113 (key), in Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps 148, map 25 (in subgenus Icarielia; fe- Bees Eq. Sumatra: 34 (key), 36 (distr.). male; distr.). - Belavadi and Veeresh, - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. Insects En- Soc. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in sub- viron.: 481 (prey record). - Spradbery, genus Paraicaria; moxphology). 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. DISTRIBUTION: Borneo; Sumatra. Wasps: 349, 352 (colony population). - Wenzel, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, nigra (Smith) Soc. Biol. Wasps: 497, 501, 512 (in sub- Icaria nigra Smith, 1859, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. genus Icarielia; nest). - Downing, 1991, Zool. 3: 167, female - "Aru" (lectotype in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Wasps: 548, 551 (morphology). - Jeanne Soc. Zool. 7: 41 (distr.); 1863 (1864), J. and Hunt, 1992, J. Biosci. 17: 1-14 (bi- Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); ology); 1992, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 128: 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 8: 90 139 (associates). - It8, 1993, Behav. (listed); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 85, 87, 88, 89, 132 11: 379 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. (in subgenus Icarielia; ethology). - Ko- Hym. 9: 120 (cat); 1904, Genera Insec- jima, 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: torum 19: 74 (cat.). -- Meade-Waldo 325, 328, figs. 9, 22. and Morley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. DISTRIBUTION: India (Kerala, Karnataka, (8) 14: 406 (syn.: Ancistrocerus cathar- Tamil Nadu). inae (Cam.) as var.). Icaria morosa Smith, 1863 (1864), J. Proc. mutabilis mutabilis Richards Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 42, female - "Wai- Ropalidia mutabilis mutabilis Richards, giou" (Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); 1871, J. (nest), 60 (key), 94, female, male, nest Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 380 (cat.). - (in subgenus Icariola) - "Northern Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119, fe- Territory, Downs Homestead, 2 miles male, (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum ENE. Victoria River, 16024'S., 19: 74 (cat.) - Schulz, 1904, Berl. En- 131002'E." [Australia] (holotype female tomol. Z. 49: 226 (distr.). - Cheesman, Canberra); also from numerous other lo- 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 10 calities in Northern Territory, and West- (syn. of Ropalidia nigra (Smith)). ern Australia. - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Icaria spilostoma Cameron, 1906, in Wich- 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 43

mann, Nova Guinea 5, Zool. 1: 62, fe- neously recorded from Makasar in Cel- male, male - "Manokwari" [New Guin- ebes]). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. ea] (lectotype female London, no. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus Polistra- 18873). - Meade-Waldo, 1912, Ann. tus; list, syn.: spilostoma (Cameron)), Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 9: 448 (distr.); 1915, 121 (key). Br. Orn. Union Exp. N. Guinea, London Ropalidia spilostoma; Bequaert, 1932, Res. sep.: 10 (as 1912). - van der Vecht, Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 de Belgique 4 (5): 51. (syn. of Ropalidia nigra (Smith)). - Ropalidia morosa; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. L6opold (12) 5: 10 (syn. of Ropalidia nigra de Belgique 4 (5): 51. (Smith)). DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Odynerus sariensis Cameron, 1906, in Wich- mann, Nova Guinea 5, Zool. 1: 63, fe- nigrescens van der Vecht male - "Siari" (lectotype Amsterdam). Ropalidia flavopicta nigrescens van der - van der Vecht, 1934, Tijdschr. Ento- Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 58 mol. 77, Verslag: 8 (syn. of Ropalidia (key), 59, female (in subgenus Icarielia) nigra (Smith)). - "Los Bafios" [Philippines] (Gaines- Odynerus confraternus Cameron, 1911, ville). - Baltazar, 1966, Pac. Insects Nova Guinea 9, Zool. 2: 192, female - Monogr. 8: 293 (in subgenus Icarielia; "Lorentz River" (lectotype Amster- cat.). dam). - van der Vecht, 1934, Tijdschr. Ropalidia nigrescens; Kojima, 1982, Kontyu' Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 (syn. of Ropal- 50: 109 (key), 116 (in subgenus Icarie- idia nigra (Smith)). lia; female, male; larva; distr.) - Jeanne Icaria confratemus; Meade-Waldo and Mor- et al., 1983, Zoomorphologie 103: 155 ley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: (in subgenus Icarielia; morphology). - 506. Kojima and Jeanne, 1986, Biotropic. Ancistrocerus catharinae Cameron, 1913, 18: 324 (nest). - Wenzel, 1991, in Ros& Bijdr. Dierkd. 19: 78, female - "Wai- and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 497, geu" (lectotype Amsterdam). - Meade- 501 (in subgenus Icarielia; nest). - Ma- Waldo and Morley, 1914, Ann. Mag. calintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 406 (var. of Icaria ni- Washington 17: 112, tables 1, 2 (in sub- gra) - van der Vecht, 1934, Tijdschr. genus Icarielia; morphology). - Kojima, Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 (syn. of Ropal- 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 326. idia nigra (Smith)). DISTRIBUTION: Luzon. Icaria nigra var. catharinae; Meade-Waldo and Morley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. nignor Richards (8) 14: 406. Ropalidia nigrior Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Ropalidia confratemna; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 55 (nest), 59 (list), Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold 63 (key), 113, 128 (key), fig. 45, female, de Belgique 4 (5): 50. nest (in subgenus Icarielia) - "Queens- Ropalidia nigra; Bequaert, 1932, R6s. land Q3, Iron Range" [Australia] (Can- Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold berra); also from two other localities in de Belgique 4 (5): 50. - van der Vecht, Queensland; and New Guinea (proba- 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 bly). - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Aus- (syns.: Icaria spilostoma Cameron, Ody- tralia 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 217 (in nerus sariensis Cameron, Odynerus con- subgenus Icarielia; cat.). - Naumann, fraternus Cameron, Ancistrocerus ca- 1993, in Naumann et al., Cape York tharinae Cameron). - Cheesman, 1952, Penin. Sci. Exp. Wet Season 1992 Rep. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 10 (re- 2: 180 (distr.). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. description of type female, description Meded., Leiden 70: 328. of male; syns.: Icaria morosa Smith, DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Queensland; ?New Icaria spilostoma Cameron; distr. [erro- Guinea. 44 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199 nigrita Das and Gupta male - "Mossambique" (?Berlin); 1862, Ropalidia nigrita Das and Gupta, 1984 in Peters, Reise Mossambique, Zool. V: (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 421. Nomen 470, pl. 30 fig. 9 (female). - de Saus- nudum. sure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Mada- Ropalidia nigrita Das and Gupta, 1989, Ori- gascar 20, Hym. 1: 114, 333, footnote ent. Insects Monogr. 11: 11 1 (key), 130, (female). - Kohl, 1893 (1892), Jahrb. figs. 24b, 24n, 25n, 26F, 26f, 26H, 26h, Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 10 (2): 189. - 27K, 27n, map 19, male, female (in stig- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 ma group of subgenus Anthreneida) - (cat.). - Stadelmann, 1898, Dtsch. Ost- "India: Manipur: Moirang, 500 m" (ho- Afrika 4, Hym.: 33. - Dalla Torre, 1904, lotype male Calcutta); also from another Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). locality in Manipur. Ropalidia nobilis; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. DIsTRIUTION: India: Manipur. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 343 (cat.; probable nigrofemorata (Cameron) syn. of R. guttatipennnis (de Saussure); Icaria nigrofemorata Cameron, 1910, Wiss. distr.). - Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. Exp. Kilimand- Afr. 6: 187 (Rhopalidia [!]; distinct from jaro 2 (8), Vesp.: 170, female - "Usam- guttatipennnis; distr.). - Salt, 1927, Psy- bara" [Tanzania] (?Stockholm). - von che 34: 185 (distr.; record of stylopized Schulthess, 1913, Ark. Zool. 8 (17): 13 specimen). - Salt and Bequaert, 1929, (the type has lost its metasoma and can- Psyche 36: 263 (record of stylopized not be identified). - Bequaert, 1918, specimen). - FitzGerald, 1940, Proc. R. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 343 (cit- Entomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. En- ing von Schulthess, 1913). tomol. 15: 34 (distr.; nest). - Richards, DIsTRIBuTION: Tanzania. 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in subgenus Icariola; nest; list). - 'tilssoni Giordani Soika Giordani Soika, 1981, Boll. Soc. Ento- ?opalidia nilssoni Giordani Soika, 1991, mol. Ital. 113: 173, fig. 1 (compared to Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 79, 83, 86 R. unidentata n. sp.). - Macalintal and (key), "male" [female] - "Madagascar: Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington Saonierana, Ivongo Rantabade" (Upp- 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; sala). morphology). DIsTRIBUTION: Madagascar. DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania (including Zanzibar); nitidula (de Saussure) Mozambique. Icaria nitidula de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- novaeguineae didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: (von Schulthess) 113 (key), 122, pl. 18 fig. 17, female - Parapolybia novaeguineae "de Saussure "Madagascar" (?Berlin). - Dalla Torre, nom. mus." von Schulthess, 1913 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 (cat.). - de (April), Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- 12: 154 (key), 162 (description based on notes received from Meade-Waldo) - forsch. Ges. 26 (2): 217, 227 (male). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum "Neu-Guinea" (London). 19: 74 (cat.). Polybia novaeguineae du Buysson, 1913 Ropalidia nitidula; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. (July), Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 343 (cat.; 297, female - locality not stated, but ev- distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. idently from New Guinea (Oxford, Lon- Suppl. Ser. 61: 54, 58 (in subgenus Ica- don [with a label "Polybia Novae-Gui- riola; nest; list). - Giordani Soika, 1991, neae Sauss." written by Smith]) Uunior Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 85 (key). secondary homonym of Ropalidia no- DISTRIBUTrION: Madagascar. vaeguineae (von Schulthess)]. - van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6 nobilis (Gerstaecker) (syn. of Ropalidia novaeguineae (von Icaria nobilis Gerstaecker, 1857, Monatsber. Schulthess)). K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin: 464, fe- Ropalidia novae guineae [!]; Cheesman, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDILNI 45

1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 23 Venezia); also from two other localities (redescription of a type of Polybia no- in Madagascar. vaeguineae du Buysson). DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Ropalidia novaeguineae; van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6. -- ochracea van der Vecht Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ropalidiaflavopicta ochracea van der Vecht, Ser. 61: 59 (in subgenus Icarielia; listed 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 49 (key), as R. novaeguineae (von Schulthess)), 56, female, male (in subgenus Icarielia) 129 (R. novaeguineae (du Buysson); - "Central Sumba, Lokojengo" (holo- key). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., type female Basel); also from elsewhere Leiden 70: 328. on Sumba. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Ropalidia ochracea; Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 326, 336, figs. novissima Giordani Soika 46, 57, 78-80 (taxonomy; distr.). Ropalidia novissima Giordani Soika, 1944, DISTRIBUTION: Sumba. Atti Ist. Ven. Sci., Lett. Arti Cl. Sci. Mat. Nat. 103 (2): 176, female - "Africa opifex van der Vecht orientale: Banno" (Venezia); 1952 Ropalidia opifex van der Vecht, 1962, Zool. (1951), Riv. Biol. Colon. 11: 88 (distr.); Verh., Leiden 57: 42 (key), 68, female 1973, Boll. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Venezia (in subgenus Icarielia) - "Malaya: Se- 24: 37 (holotype in coll. Giordani Soi- langor ... Kuala Lumpur, Ampang" ka). (London); also from Borneo; biology. - DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia. Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 55, 59 (in subgenus Icarielia; nursei van der Vecht nest; list), 128 (key). - Lee, 1982, Hor- Ropalidia rufoplagiata nursei van der Vecht, nets from Agric. Regions China: 83 1941, Treubia 18: 167, female - "India: (key), 93, pl. 3 fig. 7 (in subgenus Icar- ... Bombay Pres., Matheran" (London). ielia); 1982, Zool. Res. 3: 86 (in sub- - Yamane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta genus Icariolia [!]; distr.); 1985, Econ. Matsumurana, n. ser. 15: 32 (in subge- Insect Fauna China 30 Hym.: Vespo- nus Anthreneida). - Das and Gupta, idea: 46 (key), 51, pl. 3 fig. 7 (in sub- 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 422 (in genus Icarielia; female; distr.); 1987, in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.); 1989, Ori- Forest Insects Yunnan: 1348 (in subge- ent. Insects Monogr. 11: 137 (key), 138 nus Icariolia [!]; key). - Maschwitz et (in sumatrae group of subgenus Anthre- al., 1990, J. Nat. Hist. 24: 1311 (in sub- neida). genus Icarielia; nest). - Kojima, 1996, Ropalidia nursei; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 328, figs. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus 1, 14. Anthreneida; list). DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Borneo; DISTRIBUTION: India (Maharashtra). China (Yunnan). obscura Gusenleitner opulenta (Smith) Ropalidia obscura Gusenleitner, 1996, Linz. Icaria Cat. Hym. Br. Biol. Beitr. 28: 15, figs. 2, 4, female (in opulenta Smith, 1857, Mus. 5: 99, female - "Borneo (Sara- subgenus Icariellia [!]) - "Thailand, wak)" (lectotype London); 1858, J. Ching Mai, Province: Doi Suthep" (ho- Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 2: 115 (male). -- lotype San Francisco). - Kojima, 1996, de Saussure, 1862, Stettin. Entomol. Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 328. Ztg. 23: 133. - Smith, 1863 (1864), J. DISTRIBUTION: Thailand. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); obscunor Giordani Soika 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 Ropalidia obscurior Giordani Soika, 1991, (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 79, 87 120 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: (key), 89, female, male - "MADAGAS- 74 (cat.). CAR: Rogez, dintorni" (holotype female Ropalidia opulenta; van der Vecht, 1941, 46 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Treubia, 18: 113 (key), 185 (ref.; female, ornatipes (Cameron) male; fig.; distr.); 1962, Zool. Verh., Lei- Icaria ornatipes Cameron, 1908, Dtsch. En- den 57: 36 (in subgenus Anthreneida; tomol. Z. 1908: 564, female - "Borneo designation of lectotype; distr.). - Rich- ... Kuching" (holotype London). ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: Ropalidia ornatipes; van der Vecht, 1941, 57 (in subgenus Anthreneida; list). - Treubia, 18: 113 (key), 180 (ref.; female; Macalintal and Stanr, 1996, Mem. Ent. fig.; distr.); 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden Soc. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in sub- 57: 35 (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). genus Anthreneida; morphology). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. DISTRIUTION: Borneo. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus Anthreneida; list). - Kojima and Yamane, 1990, in ornaficeps (Cameron) Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Icaria ornaticeps Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Bees Eq. Sumatra: 35 (key). Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 496, female - "Khasia DISTRIBUTION: Bomeo; Sumatra. Hills" [India] (Oxford, London); also from Sarawak; 1903, J. Straits Br. R. palawana Kojima and Tano Asiat. Soc. 39: 173. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Ropalidia palawana Kojima and Tano, 1985, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). - Mea- Kontyfi 53: 520, female - "Palawan, de-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Mantalingajan, Pingisan 600 m" [Phil- (8) 7: 100 (syn. of Icaria flavopicta ippines] (Kobenhavn). - Kojima, 1996, Smith). - Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay Nat. Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 326, 341 Hist. Soc. 24: 714 (cat.). - van der (distr.). Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 49 DISTRrIuION: Palawan. (record from Sarawak is erroneous). papuana (Cameron) Ropalidia flavopicta ornaticeps; van der Polybia papuana Cameron, 1913, Bijdr. Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 49 Dierkd. 19: (in 77, female - "Waigeu" (lec- subgenus Icarielia; taxonomy; distr.). totype Amsterdam). - van der Vecht, - Yoshikawa, 1964, Nat. Life S. E. Asia 1934, Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 3: pl. 6 figs. 15, 16, pl. 7 fig. 17 (in (syn. of R. festina (Smith)); 1966, Zool. subgenus Icariela[!]; nest). -- Iwata, Verh., Leiden 82: 6. 1969, Kontyfi, 37: 439 (in subgenus Ropalidia papuana; van der Vecht, 1966, Icarielia; nest); 1976, Evol. Instinct: 295 Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6. (in subgenus Icarielia; ethology). - Ya- mane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta Mat- pendula (Smith) sumurana, n. ser. 15: 32 (in subgenus Icaria pendula Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Icarielia; distr.). - Das and Gupta, 1984 Mus. 5: 98, female - "India (Bareily)" (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 427 (in sub- (London); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. genus Icarielia; cat.; distr.); 1989, Ori- Zool. 11: 378 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, ent. Insects Monogr. 11: 150 (key), 151, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 (cat.); 1904, Genera map 25 (in subgenus Icarielia; female, Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). - van der male; fig.; distr.). Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. of R. Ropalidia ornaticeps; Yoshikawa et al., variegata (Smith)). 1969, Nat. Life S. E. Asia 6: 167, pl. 51 Ropalidia pendula; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. (in subgenus Icarielia; nest; colony pop- Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus ulation). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Icariola; list). Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 352 (col- DISTRIBUTION: India. ony population) [citing Yoshikawa et al. petulans Cheesman (1969), without nomenclatural consid- Ropalidia fluviatilis petulans Cheesman, eration]. - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2 Leiden 70: 325, 326, 336, figs. 47, 50, (petulaus [!]), 18, female - "Japen Is., 53, 58, 59, 61, 81-87 (taxonomy; distr.). Mt. Baduri, 1000 ft." (London) [accord- DISTRIBUTION: India; Myanmar; Thailand; ing to the label in the drawer, missing]. Cambodia; Malay Peninsula; Vietnam. Ropalidia petulans; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 47

Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus pilosa (Smith) Icariola; list). Icaria pilosa Smith, 1858 (1859), J. Proc. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Linn. Soc. Zool. 3: 22, male -- "Cele- bes" (lectotype Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. phalansterica (de Saussure) Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); Icaria phalansterica de Saussure, 1853, Et. 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 Fam. Vesp. 2: 35, p1. 4 fig. 3, pl. 5 fig. (cat.). - Dalla Toffe, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 1, female - "Madagascar" (Geneve, 120 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: Paris). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. 74 (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia Mus. 5: 96 (cat.). - Andr6, 1889, Le Na- 18: 117 (designation of lectotype). turaliste: 189 (ethology). - de Saussure, Ropalidia pilosa; van der Vecht, 1941, Treu- 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar bia, 18: 109 (key), 116 (ref.; female, 20, Hym. 1: 115 (key), 140 (female, male; fig.; distr.); 1962, Zool. Verh., Lei- male). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. den 57: 9 (in subgenus Anthreneida; 9: 120 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus Anthre- 218, 232. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera neida; list). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Med- Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). - von Schul- ed., Leiden 70: 350. thess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostaf- DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi. rika 1903-1905, Wiss. Ergebn. 2 (2): 65 (ethology). plebeiana Richards Ropalidia phalansterica; Bequaert, 1918, ?Icaria plebeja de Saussure, 1863, M6m. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 343 (cat.; Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 17: 235, distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- female - "Nouvelle-Hollande" (coll. tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- Heyden and de Saussure; current depos- mol. 25: 85 (Madagasar: Perinet, Nossi- itory unknown). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Be Is.). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Cat. Hym. 9: 120 (cat.; cites de Saus Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 83 (probable sure, 1862, but distribution is in Austra syn.: R. pulchella (de Saussure); distr.), lia); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 7 86, 87 (key), fig. 8. (cat.; as 1894). DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Rhopalidia [!] sp.; McKeown, 1942, Austra- lian Insects: 195 (nest). philippinensis (de Saussure) Ropalidia plebeiana Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Icaria philippinensis de Saussure, 1854, Et. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (nest), 58 (ple- Fam. Vesp. 2: 240, female - "Les Iles biana [!]; in subgenus Icariola; list; Philippines" (London). - Smith, 1857, syn.: R. plebeja (de Saussure, 1863) non Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 99 (cat.); 1871, 1862, 62 (key), 65, (larva in key), 75, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 (cat.) figs. 7-8, 17, female, male, intersex - - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 "New South Wales, Nelligen" [Austra- (cat.). - Casto de Elera, 1895, Cat. Sist. lia] (holotype female Canberra); also Fauna Filip. 2: 243 (listed). - Ashmead, from other localities in New South 1904, J. N. Y Entomol. Soc. 12: 7 Wales, and Victoria, ACT, Queensland. (distr.); 1904, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. - - Hook and Evans, 1982, J. Aust. En- Brown, 1906, Philipp. J. Sci. 1: 688 tomol. Soc. 21: 271 (ethology). - Ito, (listed from the Philippines). 1985, J. Ethol. 3: 21 (biology). - Car- Ropalidia philippinensis; van der Vecht, dale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, 1941, Treubia 18: 110 (key), 163 (Phil- Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 216 (plebiana [!]; ippine Is.: Mindanao, Luzon). - Balta- in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - It6 and Hi- zar, 1966, Pac. Insects Monogr. 8: 293 gashi, 1987, Appl. Entomol. Zool. 22: (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.). - Ko- 519 (biology). - Kojima, 1987, J. Aust. jima, 1984, Kontyui, 52: 524 (key), 527 Entomol. Soc. 26: 143, figs. 23-33 (lar- (in subgenus Icariola). va); 1993, Jpn. J. Entomol. 61: 213 DISTRIBUTION: Luzon; Mindanao. (ethology). - It6 et al., 1988, Res. Popul. 48 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Ecol. 30: 279 (biology). - Yamane et al., Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 1990, in Veeresh et al., Soc. Insects En- 19: 74 (cat.). viron.: 679 (ethology). - Yamane et al., Ropalidia pomicolor; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. 1991, Insectes Soc. 38: 105 (ethology). Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 343 (cat.; - Yamane, 1991, Insectarium 28 (5): distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- 144 (ethology). - Spradbery, 1991, in tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: mol. 25: 85 (distr.). - Richards, 1978, 349, 352, 354 (colony population). - Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in sub- Wenzel, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, genus Icariola; list). - Giordani Soika, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 487 (nest). - It6, 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 86, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 76 88 (key). (ethology). - Kojima and Spradbery, DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. 1994, Aust. Entomol. 21: 113 (distr.; ethology). - Borsato, 1994 (1993), Boll. prasina (de Saussure) Soc. Entomol. Ital. 125 (3): 250 (in sub- Icaria prasina de Saussure, 1900, Abh. genus Icariola; distr.). - Makino et al., Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 1994, Insectes Soc. 41: 411 (ethology). 215, 216 (key), 220, female - "Mada- DIsmIBUroN: Australia (east coastal area, gascar, Imerina" (Geneve). - Dalla Tor- Canberra). re, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). plebeja (de Saussure) Ropalidia prasina; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Icaria plebeja de Saussure, 1862, Stettin. En- Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 343 (cat.; tomol. Ztg. 23: 138, female - "Goron- distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. talo" [Sulawesi] (Leiden). Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 85, 87 (key). Ropalidia plebeja: van der Vecht, 1941, DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Treubia 18: 111 (key), 169 (redescrip- proletaria Richards tion of the type); 1962, Zool. Verh., Lei- den 57: 33 (in subgenus Anthreneida; Ropalidia proletaria Richards, 1978, Aust. J. distr.). Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 60 (key), 96, fe- DIsTRIBUrnON: male (in subgenus Icariola) - "North Sulawesi. Queensland" [Australia] (London); also molitica (de Saussure) ? from Northern Territory. - Cardale, rcaria politica de Saussure, 1854, JEt. Fam. 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. 2: 240 (perhaps var. of guttatipen- Vesp. Sphec.: 216 (in subgenus Icariola; nis de Saussure), female, male - "Le Se- cat.). negal" (Paris). - Smith, 1857, Cat. DISTRIBUTION: Australia (North Queensland, Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 97 (cat.). - Dalla Tor- ?Northern Territory). re, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 (cat.); 1904, pseudomalayana Kojima Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). Ropalidia malayana; van der Vecht, 1941, Ropalidia politica; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Treubia 18: 174-176 [partim]; 1962, Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 34 [partim]. Icariola; list). Ropalidia pseudomalayana Kojima, 1996, DIsTRIBUrION: Senegal. Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 349, 356, 357 pomicolor (de Saussure) (key), figs. 4, 6, 12, 13, 17, 22-25, 28, Icaria pomicolor de Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. 34-40, female - "Borneo: Sarawak, Vesp. 2: 32, pl. 5 fig 3, female - "Mad- Sarikei Dist., Rejang Delta" (Leiden); agascar" (Paris). - Smith, 1857, Cat. also from two other localities in Borneo; Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 95 (cat.). - de Saus- Bangka. sure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Mada- DISTRIBUTION: Borneo; Bangka. gascar 20, Hym. 1: 113 (key), 117. - pulchella (de Saussure) Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 Icaria pulchella de Saussure, 1900, Abh. (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senck- Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 215 enb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 214. - (key), 223, fig. 4, female - "Nossi-B6" 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 49

(Geneve). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). Sci. Nat. 16: 85 (key). Ropalidia pulchella; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 343 (cat.; revolutionalis (de Saussure) distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. Icaria revolutionalis de Saussure, 1853, Et. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 83 (probable syn. of Fam. Vesp. 2: 29, pl. 5 fig. 7, female - R. phalansterica (de Saussure)). "La Nouvelle Hollande ou la Tasmanie" DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. (Paris); 1863, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. ranavali (de Saussure) Nat. Geneve 17, 1: 235 (revolutinalis Icaria ranavali de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- !]).- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: 120 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 114 (key), 138, pl. 18 figs. 18, 18c, fe- 74 (cat.). Ropalidia revolutionalis; Richards, 1978 male, male - "Madagascar" (Geneve, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 Berlin, ?Paris). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. (list), 60 (key), 91, figs. 18, 24, 32, 39, Hym. 9: 120 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 43 (in subgenus Icariola; female, male, nest; distr.; biology). - Owen, 1979, (2): 218, 230. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen- Toxicon 17: 519-523 (venom analysis era Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). Bull. [according to Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Ropalidia ranavali; Bequaert, 1918, Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 344 (cat.; 216, species identification doubtful]). - distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Hook and Evans, 1982, J. Aust. Ento- Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in subgenus Ica- mol. Soc. 21: 271 (biology; nest). - Car- riola; nest; list). - Giordani Soika, 1991, dale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 84, 86, 87, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 216 (in subgenus fig. 9 (distr.; probable var. of R. venus- Icariola; cat.). - Kojima, 1987, J. Aust tula (de Saussure); key). Entomol. Soc. 26: 144, figs. 34-43 (la DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. va). - 1t6, 1987, J. Ethol. 5: 115 (etho reactionalis (de Saussure) ogy). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Icaria reactionalis de Saussure, 1853, Et. Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 349, 353, 374 (colony population). - Ross and Fam. Vesp. 2: 28, female - "La Nou- velle-Guin6e" (coll. Guerin-Meneville, Carpenter, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 460 (biology). - It6, current depository unknown). - Smith, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 25, 27, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 95 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 28, 29, 32, 57, 66, 71, 72, 79, 87, 105, (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 124, 125, 126 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Borsato, 1994 (1993), Boll. (cat.). Soc. Entomol. Ital. 125 (3): 251 (in sub- Ropalidia reactionalis; Bequaert, 1932, Res. genus Icariola; distr.). Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neerl. Leopold DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland). de Belgique 4 (5): 51. - Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 22 romandi cabeti (de Saussure) (group offestina; female). Icaria cabeti de Saussure, 1853, tt. Fam. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Vesp. 2: 26, pl. 4 fig. 2, pl. 5 fig. 2, female - "La Tasmanie" (lectotype Par- regina (de Saussure) is). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: Icaria regina de Saussure, 1900, Abh. 118 (cabetii [!]; cat.); 1904, Genera In- Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 215 sectornm 19: 73 (cat.). - du Buysson, (key), 220, female - "Madagascar. An- 1911, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. tananarivo" (Geneve). - Dalla Torre, 34: 229 (compared to R. lefebvrei (Le 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). Guillou)). - Richards 1978, Aust. J. Ropalidia regina; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 111 (designation of Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 344 (cat.; distr.). - lectotype). 50 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Ropalidia cabeti; Tillyard, 1926, Ins. Aust. Icaria romandi; Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. New Zealand: 297 (nest). - Mackeown, Hym. 9: 120 (romandii [!]; cat.); 1904, 1942, Australian Insects: 190 (Rhopali- Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). du dia [!]; nest). - van der Vecht, 1968, Buysson, 1911, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. C Biol. forsch. Ges. 34: 229 (compared to R. le- Med. Sci. 71: 418, fig. 3d (morphology). febvrei (Le. Guillou)). Ropalidia romandi cabeti; Richards 1978, Ropalidia romandi romandi; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54, 59 Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 59 (list), (list), 63 (key), 65 (larva in key), 110 63, 65 (key), 109 (in subgenus Icarielia; (in subgenus Icarielia; female, male; bi- female, male), 129 (key). - Cardale, ology; nest). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Br. Mus. 5: 96 (cat.). - Cardale, 1985, Vesp. Sphec.: 217 (in subgenus Icarie- Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. lia; cat.). - Borsato, 1994 (1993), Boll. Sphec.: 217 (in subgenus Icarielia; cat.). Soc. Entomol. Ital. 125 (3): 251 (distr.). - Kojima, 1987, J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 26: 146, figs. 68-79 (larva). - Borsato, 70: 328, figs. 10, 23. 1994 (1993), Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Northern Territory). 125 (3): 251 (distr.). -- Yamane and It6, 1994, Psyche 101: 145 (nest). - Macal- rufocollayis atrata van der Vecht intal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Ropalidia rufocollaris atrata van der Vecht, Washington 17: table 1. 1941, Treubia 18: 139, female, male - Ropalidia romandi; Jeanne, 1991, in Ross "Siam, Doi Setep" (holotype female and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 203, Cambridge); also from Luang Prabang. 212, 225 (colony population). - Sprad- DISTRIBUTION: Thailand; Laos. bery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 353 (colony population). - rufocollais rufocollaris (Cameron) Kojima, 1993, New Entomol. 42: 4 (bi- Icaria rufocollaris Cameron, 1900, Ann. ology). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 497, female - et al., Cape York Penin. Sci. Exp. Wet "Khasia Hills" [India] (London, Ox- Season 1992 Rep. 2: 179 (distr.). - Ito, ford). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera In- 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 81, 85, sectorum 19: 74 (ruficollaris [!]; cat.). - 86, 87, 132 (in subgenus Icarielia; ethol- Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. ogy). - Kojima, 1993, Jpn. J. Entomol. 24: 714 (cat.). 61: 835 (ethology); 1994, J. Ethol. 12: 1 Ropalidia rufocollaris; Dover, 1925 (1924), (ethology); 1994, J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 20: 301 33: 45 (ethology). - Yamane and It8, (ruficollis [!]; var. of R. artifex). - van 1996 (1994), Psyche 101: 145 (nest). - der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 110 (key), Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. 137 (in stigma group; male; fig.; distr.); Soc. Washington 17: table 2 (in subge- 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 22 (in nus Icarielia; morphology). - Kojima, subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Rich- 1996, Insectes Soc. 43: 411 (colony cy- ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: cle). 57 (in subgenus Anthreneida; list). - Ya- DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland, New mane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta Mat- South Wales). sumurana, n. ser. 15: 32 (in subgenus Anthreneida). romandi romandi (Le Guillou) Ropalidia rufocollaris rufocollaris; Das and Polistes romandi Le Guillou, 1841, Rev. Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: Zool. 4: 325, female - "Australie Sept." 421 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.; [North Australia] (Paris); 1841, Ann. distr.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: Soc. Entomol. France 10: 322. 111 (key), 125, map 17 (in stigma group ?Icaria romandi; de Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. of subgenus Anthreneida; female, male; Vesp. 2: 41. - Smith, 1957, Cat. Hym. distr.). Br. Mus. 5: 96 (cat.). DISTRIBUTION: India (Meghalaya, Assam, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 51

Sikkim, Tipura; Uttar Pradesh, West sakalava (de Saussure) Bengal); Tibet; Myaninar; Thailand. Icaria sakalava de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 217 rufoplagiata gravelyi Dover and Rao (key), 228, female - "Madagascar, An- Ropalidia gravelyi Dover and Rao, 1922, J. tananarivo" (Geneve). - Dalla Torre, Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 18: 244, fe- 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). male - "Kavalai, Cochin State, 1,000- - von Schulthess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Re- 3,000 ft." [India] (Calcutta). ise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, Wiss. Er- Ropalidia rufoplagiata var. gravelyi; van der gebn. 2 (2): 65 (male). Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104. Ropalidia sakalava; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Ropalidia rufoplagiata gravelyi; van der Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 344 (cat.; Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 168 (distr.); distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 33 (in Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 83, fig. 4 (distr.), 85, subgenus Anthreneida; ethology). - Ya- 87 (key). mane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta Mat- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. sumurana, n. ser. 15: 32 (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Das and Gupta, santoshae Das and Gupta 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 422 (in Ropalidia santoshae Das and Gupta, 1984 subgenus Anthreneida; cat.; distr.); (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 422. Nomen 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 137 nudum. (key), 138, map 21 (in sumatrae group Ropalidia santoshae Das and Gupta, 1989, of subgenus Anthreneida; female; fig.; Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 111 (key), distr.). 123, figs. 241, 251, 26C, 26c, 27f, map DISTRIBUTION: India (Uttar Pradesh, Kama- 27, male, female (stigma group of sub- taka, Kerala); Myanmar; Thailand; Ma- genus Anthreneida) - "India: Megha- lay Peninsula; Sumatra. laya: Shillong: Mawmluh" (holotype male Calcutta); also from Sikkim, Arun- rufoplagiata rufoplagiata (Cameron) achal Pradesh, West Bengal. Icaria rufoplagiata Cameron, 1905, Tijdschr. DISTRIBUTION: India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pra- Entomol. 48: 71, male, female - "Tjandi desh, West Bengal, Meghalaya). near Semarang" (lectotype female Am- schulthessi (de Saussure) sterdam) [also with a label on which are in "Icaria rufoplagiata Cam. Type, Java" Icaria schulthessi de Saussure, 1890, and "Holo- Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. (in Cameron's handwriting) 1: 113 (key), 117, pl. 18 figs. 14, 14b, type design. by J. v.d.Vecht '33" (in van - - female "Madagascar... dans l'Est" der Vecht's handwriting)]. van der - Dalla Cat. Hym. Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 167 (designa- (Zurich). Torre, 1894, 9: 120 (schulthessii [!]; cat.). - de Saus- tion of lectotype). sure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ropalidia rufoplagiata; van der Vecht, 1941, Ges. 26 (2): 214. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Treubia 18: 111 (key), 165 (fig.; distr.). Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). Ropalidia rufoplagiata rufoplagiata; van der Ropalidia schulthessi; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Vecht, 1962, Zool . Verh., Leiden 57: 32 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 344 (cat.; (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.; ethol- distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- ogy). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 54, 57 (in subgenus mol. 25: 85 (nest). - Richards, 1978, Anthreneida; nest; list). - Das and Gup- Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (in sub- ta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 422 genus Icariola; nest). - Giordani Soika, (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.); 1989, 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 86, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 112, 137, 87 (key), fig. 10. map 21 (in sumatrae group of subgenus DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Anthreneida; key). DISTRIBUTION: India; Bangka; Java; Sumba- scitula (Bingham) wa. Icaria scitula Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. In- 52 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

dia, Hym. 1: 387 (key), 392, female- sepicana Richards "Rangit Valley, Sikhim" [India] (Lon- Ropalidia sepicana Richards, 1978, Aust. J. don). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insec- Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (list), 122 (key), torum 19: 74 (cat.). 127, figs. 22, 27, female, male (in sub- Ropalidia scitula; van der Vecht, 1941, Treu- genus Polistratus) - "New Guinea: Se- bia 18: 110 (key), 142 (male; distr.); pik district, Sepik River, Kondanggei" 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 42 (key), (holotype female Canberra); also from 47 (in subgenus Icarielia; taxonomy; two other localities in New Guinea. dist.). - Richards, 1978, Austr. J. Zool. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Suppl Ser. 61: 58 (in subgenus Icariola; sericea (Cameron) list). - Yamane and Yamane, 1979, In- Icaria sericea Cameron, 1905, Tijdschr. En- secta Matsumurana, n. ser. 15 (in sub- tomol. 48: 73, female - "Sikkim Hi- genus Icarielia). - Das and Gupta, 1984 malaya" [India] (London). - Aiyar, (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 428 (in sub- 1916, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 714 genus Icarielia; cat.); 1989, Orient. In- (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1962, Zool. sects Monogr. 11: 113 (key), 152, map Verh., Leiden 57: 49 (probable syn. of 12 (in subgenus Icarielia). - Kojima, Ropalidia flavopicta ornaticeps (Cam- 1996, Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 325, eron)), 50 (locality label "Sikkim" ap- 326, 328, figs. 7, 20. parently incorrect). DISTRIBUTION: India (Sikkim, West Bengal, Ropalidia sericea; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Meghalaya); Myanmar. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus Anthreneida; list). - Kojima, 1996, scottiana (de Saussure) Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 340 (probably Icaria scottiana de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- in R. flavopicta group; "valid species didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: and the locality label of the type is cor- 113 (key), 124, female - "Madagascar rect"). ... dans le Sud-Est" (Geneve). - Dalla DISTRIBUTION: India (Sikkim). Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 (cat.). - sexmaculata (Cameron) de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Na- Icaria sexmaculata Cameron, 1911, Nova turforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 214. - Dalla Tor- Guinea 9, Zool 2: 188, female - "Bivak re, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 Island" (lectotype Amsterdam); also (cat.). from another locality in New Guinea. Ropalidia scottiana; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Ropalidia sexmaculata; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 344 (cat.; Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. LUopold distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Soc. de Belgique 4 (5): 51. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 86 (key). DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. DISTRIBuTrION: Madagascar. shestakovi (von Schulthess) semihyalinata (Meade-Waldo) Icaria shestakovi von Schulthess, 1931, Mitt. Icaria semihyalinata Meade-Waldo, 1912, Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 15 (2): 51, fig. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 9: 449 (key), 2, male, female - "Madagascar" (Zur- 451, female (in subgenus Icariola) - ich). "Mimika River" [New Guinea] (Lon- Ropalidia shestakovi; Giordani Soika, 1991, don). Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 83 (distr.), Ropalidia semihyalinata; Bequaert, 1932, 86, 87 (key), fig. 2. Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. LUopold de Belgique 4 (5): 51. - Chees- socialis socialis (de Saussure) man, 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: Icaria socialis de Saussure, 1862, Stettin. 3, 24 (semihyalineata [!]; redescription). Entomol. Ztg. 23: 136, female - "Prob- - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. ablement l'archipel indien" (Leiden). - Ser. 61: 56 (in subgenus Ropalidia; list). Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 120 DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 53

(cat.). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia dia, Hym. 1: 386 (key), 387 (distr.). - 18: 104 (syn. of R. mathematica unicol- Rothney, 1903, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. or (Smith)), 133. London, 1903: 107. - Maxwell-Lefroy, Ropalidia mathematica unicolor (Smith); 1909, Indian Insect Life (Calcutta): 215, van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 fig. 120 (ethology). (syn.; I. socialis de Saussure), 133. Ropalidia marginata indica van der Vecht, Ropalidia socialis socialis; van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 121 (new name for 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 21 (in Vespa ferruginea Fabricius, 1793, non subgenus Anthreneida; taxonomy; distr.; Vespa ferruginea Gmelin, 1790, non "Whether R. socialis is indeed conspe- Icaria ferruginea auctt.) [partim; speci- cific with R. unicolor cannot be deter- mens from India: Haryana: Ambala be- mined with certainty at this moment."). long here]. DISTRIBUTION: Timor. Ropalidia spatulata van der Vecht, 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 9, male (in sub- socialis trimaculata van der Vecht genus Anthreneida) - "S. India, Kerala Ropalidia socialis trimaculata van der Vecht, State, Walayar Forest, 700 ft." (Leiden); 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 21, female also from Haryana, Maharashtra, Tamil - "Sumba, Pogobina" (Basel). Nadu; and Pakistan [partim]. - Yoshi- DISTRIBUTION: Sumba. kawa, 1964, Nat. Life S. E. Asia 3: 396, socialistica (de Saussure) pl. 3 fig. 4, pl. 4 fig. 11 (nest). - Iwata, Icaria socialistica de Saussure, 1853, Et. 1969, Konty4i, 37: 437 (in subgenus An- Fam. Vesp. 2: 27, pl. 4 fig. 6., female - threneida; nest); 1976, Evol. Instinct: "La Tasmanie" (lectotype Paris). - 295, 297 (in subgenus Anthreneida; Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 96 ethology). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. (cat.) - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in subgenus 121 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: Icariola; nest; list). - Yamane and Ya- 74 (cat.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. mane, 1979, Insecta Matsumurana, n. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 81 (designation of ser. 15: 4 (key), 6, 32 (in subgenus An- lectotype; type locality probably erro- threneida; female; fig.; distr.). - Das and neous). Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: Ropalidia socialistica; Tillyard, 1926, Insects 422 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.; Aust. New Zealand: 297. -- Richards, distr.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 110 (key), 119, map 16 (in marginata (list), 62, 64 (key), 81, figs. 10, 28, 38 group of subgenus Anthreneida; female, (in subgenus Icariola; female, male; male; distr.). - Byragi-Reddi and Subba distr.). - Hook and Evans, 1982, J. Aust. Reddi, 1994, Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Entomol. Soc. 21: 271 (nest; biology). - Acad. Part B Biol. Sci. 60 (1): 57 (pol- Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, lination of Vitex negundo (Verbenaceae). Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 216 (in subgenus - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Icariola; cat.). - 1t6, 1993, Behav. Soc. Soc. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in sub- Evol. Wasps: 89, 134 (in subgenus Ica- genus Icariola; morphology). riola; ethology). DISTRIBUTION: India (Kerala). DISTRIBUTION: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Northen Territory). stigma nigrolineata van der Vecht Ropalidia stigma nigrolineata van der Vecht, spatulata van der Vecht 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 18, fe- Icaria ferruginea (Fabricius); de Saussure, male, male - "Burma ... Shan States 1853, tt. Fam. Vesp. 2: 38, female, fig. Road, 40 km east of Taunggyi" (holo- (misidentification of V. ferruginea Fa- type female Stockholm); also from bricius, 1793). - Home, 1870, Trans. Taunggyi. - Das and Gupta, 1984 Zool. Soc. London 7(3): 169 (ethology). (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 422 (in sub- - Andr6, 1889, Le Naturaliste: 189 genus Anthreneida; cat.; distr.); 1989, (nest). - Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. In- Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 127 (key), 54 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

129, map 18 (stigma group of subgenus Icaria stigma; du Buysson, 1913, Bull. Soc. Anthreneida). Entomol. France 1913: 296. - von DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar. Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Ento- stigma rufa van der Vecht mol. Ges., 12: 164. Ropalidia van der Ropalidia artifex; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. stigma rufa Vecht, 1941, Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 247. - Dover, 1925 Treubia 18: 130, female - "N.E. Assam, (1924), J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 29: Sadiya" [India] (Calcutta); also from J. Fed. Dibrugarh, Meghalaya; and Hainan Is. - 301; 1931, Malay St. Mus. 16: Yamane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta 257 (taxonomy; distr.). - Carl, 1934, Matsumurana, n. ser. 15: 4 (key), 7, 32 Rev. Suisse Zool. 41: fig. 7 (male geni- (in subgenus talia). Anthreneida; fig., ethology; Ropalidia stigma stigma; van der Vecht, distr.). - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 422 (in subgenus An- 1941, Treubia 18: 110 (key), 126 (in threneida; cat.; distr.); 1989, Orient. In- stigma group; fig.; distr.); 1962, Zool. sects Monogr. 11: 127 (key), 129, map Verh., Leiden 57: 16, fig. 2g (in subge- 18 (in subgenus Anthreneida; female; nus Anthreneida; distr.; nest). - Baltazar, distr.). 1966, Pac. Insects Monogr. 8: 293 (in DISTRIBUTION: India (Assam, Meghalaya); subgenus Anthreneida; cat.). - Yoshi- Nepal; China (Hainan). kawa et al., 1969, Nat. Life S. E. Asia 6: 166 (in subgenus Anthreneida; colony stigma stigma (Smith) population). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Polybia stigma Smith, 1858, J. Proc. Linn. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53 (in subgenus Soc. Zool. 2: 114, male - "Borneo (Sa- Icariola; nest). - Das and Gupta, 1984 rawak)" (Oxford) ("probably the male (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 423 (in sub- of P. decorata"); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. genus Anthreneida; cat.; distr.). - Ko- Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); 1871, J. jima, 1984, Kontyfu, 52: 524 (key), 527 Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 384 (cat.). - (in subgenus Icariola; fig.; distr.). - Ko- Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. jima and Yamane, 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci. 1: 384 (female, distr.). - Dalla Torre, Kagoshima Univ. (Earth Sci. Biol.) 17: 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 166 (cat.); 1904, 112, figs. 37-42 (larva). - Kojima and Genera Insectorum 19: 78 (cat.). - von Tano, 1985, Kontyfi 53: 523 (distr.). - Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Ento- Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insects mol. Ges. 12: 164 (according to Meade- Monogr. 1 1: 1 1 1 (key), 127, map 18 (in Waldo (i. litt.), same as P. mathematica subgenus Anthreneida; female, male; Smith and Icaria). - van der Vecht, fig.; distr.). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6 (= Ro- and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 353 palidia stigma (Smith)). (colony population). ?Icaria bioculata (Fabricius); de Saussure, Ropalidia stigma; Kojima and Yamane, 1867, Reise Novara Zool. 2 (Hym.): 22. 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Icaria artifex; Smith, 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 34 (key), 35 Soc. Zool. 11: 379 (? India; Java) [mis- (distr.). - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, identification] . - Bingham, 1897, Fauna Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: tables Br. India, Hym. 1: 386 (key), 389 (fe- 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). male; distr.). - Cameron, 1905, Tijdschr. DISTRIBUTION: India; Sri Lanka; Myanmar; Entomol. 48: 71 (distr.); 1907, J. Strait Thailand; Malay Peninsula; Vietnam; Br. R. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 48: 26. - Max- Borneo; Sumatra; Java; Bali; Philippine well-Lefroy, 1909, Indian Insect Life: Is. 215, fig. 120 (nest). - von Schulthess, 1914, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 259. subclavata (de Saussure) Parapolybia stigma; von Schulthess, 1913, Icaria subclavata de Saussure, 1890, in Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 164 Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. (incertae sedis; Icaria according to 1: 113 (key), 134, pl. 4 figs. 6, 6b, fe- Meade-Waldo, in litt.): male, male - "Madagascar" (Geneve). 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 55

- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 7: 321 male - local- (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senck- ity unknown (London) [metasoma miss- enb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 218, 232. ing]. - de Saussure, 1853, Itt. Fam. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Vesp. 2: 246 (distr.). - Smith, 1857, Cat. 19: 74 (cat.). Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 100 (cat.). -- van der Ropalidia subelavata; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. of R. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 344 (cat.; sumatrae (Weber)). distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- Icaria sumatrae; de Saussure, 1854, Jtt. Fam. tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- Vesp. 2: 241 (taxonomy; distr.). - Smith, mol. 25: 85 (distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 98 (cat.; 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 84, syns.: Vespa multillata Illiger, Polistes fig. 6 (distr.), 86, 87 (key). pubescens Fabricius); 1871, J. Proc. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 (cat.). Icaria speciosa de Saussure, 1855, Rev. sumatrae (Weber) Mag. Zool. (2) 7: 374, male - "Suma- Vespa sumatrae Weber, 1801, Observ. En- tra" (Kobenhavn). - Smith, 1857, Cat. tomol. Kiliae: 103 - "Sumatra" (?Ber- Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 98 (cat.); 1858, J. lin). Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 2: 115 (distr.). - Vespa mutillata Illiger, 1802, Magaz. Insek- de Saussure, 1862, Stettin. Entomol. tenk. 1: 189 - "Sumatra" (Berlin). - de Ztg. 23: 134. - Smith, 1863 (1864), J. Saussure, 1854, Et. Farn. Vesp. 2: 241 Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); (syn. of Icaria sumatrae (Weber)). - 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 379 Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 (cat.). - Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. In- (syn. of Anthreneida sumatrae) - van dia, Hym. 1: 387 (key), 390 (fig.; distr.). der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 of R. sumatrae (Weber)). (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 Polistes pubescens Fabricius, 1804, Syst. (cat.). - Brown, 1906, Philipp. J. Sci. 1: Piez.: 279 - "Sumatra" (Kobenhavn) 688 (erroneously listed from the Philip- (?syn.: Vespa mutillata Illiger, Vespa su- pines). - Schulz, 1912, Berlin. Entomol. matrae Weber). - de Saussure, 1853, Et. Z. 57: 88 (syn.: Eumenesformicaria Fa- Fam. Vesp. 2: 42 (species dubiae; ? Icar- bricius). - Meade-Waldo and Morley, ia); 1854, tt. Fam. Vesp. 2: 241 (syn. of 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 406 Icaria sumatrae (Weber)). - Dalla Torre, (syn.: Icaria rufinoda Cam.). - von 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 (syn. of Anthre- Schulthess, 1914, Zool. Jarhb. Syst. 37: neida sumatrae). - van der Vecht, 1941, 259; 1927, Suppl. Entomol. 16: 83. -- Treubia 18: 104 (syn. of R. sumatrae von Schulthess, 1932, Res. Scient. Voy. (Weber)). Ind. Or. Neerl. Leopold 4 (5): 40. - van Eumenes formicaria Fabricius, 1804, Syst. der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. Piez.: 288 - "America meridionali" (fe- of R. sumatrae (Weber)). male and male Kobenhavn). - de Saus- Icharia [!] marangensis Gribodo, 1892 sure, 1875, Smithson. Misc. Coll. 254: (1891), Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 23: 379 (? Montezumia or a Polistes). - Dal- 243, female - "Marang (Sumatra) ... la Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 24 (cat.; Perak (Malacca)" (Genova). - Dalla unidentified sp.); 1904, Genera Insecto- Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 119 (Icaria; rum 19: 25 (cat.; unidentified sp.). - cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 Schulz, 1912, Berlin. Entomol. Z. 57: 88 (Icaria; cat.). - von Schulthess, 1914, (label on types reads "Sumatra"; syn. of Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 259. - van der Icaria speciosa de Saussure). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (Icaria; Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. of syn. of R. sumatrae (Weber)). Ropalidia sumatrae (Weber)). -Das and Anthreneida sumatrae; Dalla Torre, 1894, Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: Cat. Hym. 9: 121 (cat.; syn.: Vespa mul- 424 (formicaris [!]). tillata Illiger, Polistes pubescens Fabri- Anthreneida coronata White, 1841. Ann. cius, Anthreneida coronata White). 56 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Icaria rufinoda Cameron, 1904, J. Straits. Br. 16-22 (larva). - Das and Gupta, 1984 R. Asiat. Soc. 41: 121, female - "Sin- (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 424 (in sub- gapore" (London). - Meade-Waldo and genus Anthreneida; cat.; distr.); 1989, Morley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 112 (key), 14: 406 (syn. of Icaria speciosa) - van 136, map 20 (in sumatrae group of sub- der Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 104 (syn. genus Anthreneida; distr.). of R. sumatrae (Weber)). DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Thailand; Malay Ropalidia speciosa; Dover, 1929, Bull. Raf- Peninsula; Singapore Vietnam; China fles Mus. 2: 47; 1931, J. Fed. Malay St. (Yunnan); Borneo; Bangka; Sumatra. Mus. 16: 256. - Lee, 1982, Hornets taiwana birmanica van der Vecht from Agric. Regions China: 83 (key), 90, pl. 3 fig. 4 (in subgenus Anthrenei- Ropalidia taiwana birmanica van der Vecht, da); 1982, Zool. Res. 3: 86 (Popalidia 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 23, male [!]; in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.);. female (in subgenus Anthreneida) - 1985, Econ. Insect Fauna China 30 "North East Burma, Sadon, 1200 m" Hym.: Vespoidea: 46 (key), 51, pl. 3 fig. (holotype male Stockholm); also from 4 (in subgenus Anthreneida; female, two other localities in Myanmar. - Das male; distr.); 1987, in Forest Insects and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects Yunnan: 1348 (in subgenus Anthrenei- 17: 425 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.); da; key). 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 135, Ropalidia sumatrae; van der Vecht, 1941, map 20 (in sumatrae group of subgenus Treubia 18: 104 (syn.: Icaria marangensis Anthreneida; key). Gribodo, Vespa mutillata Ihger, Polistes DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar. pubescens Fabricius, 1. rufinoda Cameron, taiwana taiwana Sonan Eumenes formicaria Fabricius, Anthrenei- Ropalidia taiwana Sonan, 1935, Trans. Nat. da coronata White, 1. speciosa de Saus- Hist. Soc. Formosa 25: 199 (key), 201, sure), 113 (key), 181 (taxonomy; female, female, male - "Shinchiku" [Taiwan] male; fig.; distr.). - Baltazar, 1966, Pac. (holotype female Wufeng); also from Insects Monogr. 8: 293 ("erroneous rec- Hori, Koshun, Urai, Hassen-zan. - van ord from the Philippines"). - van der der Vecht, 1941, Treubia, 18: 111 (key), Vecht, 1968, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. 143 (female, male; fig.). - Tano, 1980, Ser. C Biol. Med. Sci. 71: 418, fig. 3f Hymen. Comm. (11): 17 (distr.). - Das (morphology). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus An- 17: 425 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.); threneida; list; syn.: speciosa (de Saus- 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 111, sure)). - Kojima and Yamane, 1990, in 135 (in sumatrae group of subgenus An- Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps threneida; key). - Starr, 1992, Bull. Bees Eq. Sumatra: 35 (key), 36 (distr.). - Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3: 116 (key; syn.: It8, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 89, R. formosana Kuo). - Ito, 1993, Behav. 134 (sumatorae [!]; in subgenus Anthre- Soc. Evol. Wasps: 20 (ethology). neida; ethology). - Macalintal and Starr, Ropalidia taiwana taiwana; Iwata, 1976, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: ta- Evol. Instinct: 295 (in subgenus Anthre- bles 1, 2 (in subgenus Anthreneida; mor- neida; ethology). - Lee, 1982, Hornets phology). from Agric. Regions China: 83 (key), Ropalidia sumatrae sumatrae; van der Vecht, 92, pl. 2 fig. 3 (in subgenus Anthrenei- 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 35, pls. 1 da); 1985, Econ. Insect Fauna China 30 and 3 (in subgenus Anthreneida; ethol- Hym.: Vespoidea: 46 (key), 52, pl. 2 fig. ogy). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. Instinct: 295 3 (in subgenus Anthreneida; female; (in subgenus Anthreneida; ethology). - distr.). Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ropalidia taiwana var. koshunensis Sonan, Ser. 61: 54 (nest). - Kojima and Ya- 1935, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 25: mane, 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci. Kagoshima 199 (key), 202, female - "Kuraru (Ko- Univ. (Earth Sci. Biol.) 17: 107, figs. shun)" [Taiwan] (Wufeng). 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 57

Ropalidia taiwana koshunensis; Iwata, 1969, DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Borneo; Su- Kontyfu 37: 367 (in subgenus Anthrenei- matra. da; ethology); 1969, Kontyii 37: 438 (in subgenus Anthreneida; nest; biology); tomentosa (Gerstaecker) Iwata, 1976, Evol. Instinct: 295, 297 Icaria tomentosa Gerstaecker, 1857, Monats- (ethology; in subgenus Anthreneida). - ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin: 464, Tano, 1980, Hymen. Comm. (11): 17 female - "Mossambique" (?Berlin); (distri.). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and 1862, in Peters, Reise Mossamb., Zool. Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 353 (col- 5: 471, pl. 30 fig. 10 (female). - Dalla ony population). - It8, 1993, Behav. Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 (cat.). - Soc. Evol. Wasps: 51 (koshuensis [!]; von Schulthess, 1899, Bull. Soc. Vau- ethology). doise Sci. Nat. (4) 35: 269 (distr.). - Dal- Ropalidiaformosana Kuo, 1987, in Kuo and la Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: Yeh, J. Natl. Chiayi Inst. Agric. 16: 84, 74 (cat.). - du Buysson, 1914, in Voy. male, female - "Chiai" (holotype male Alluaud et Jeannel, Afr. Or., Res. Sci., Wufeng). - Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Ins. Hym. 3: 156. - von Schulthess, Nat. Sci. 3: 116 (examination of "co- 1923, in Michaelsen, Beitr. Kennt. Land- types"; syn. of R. taiwana). und Susswasserfauna Deutsch-Siidwes- DISTRIBUTION: North Myanmar; South China; tafrikas 2 (2): 135 (distr.). Taiwan. Ropalidia tomentosa; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 344 (cat.; prob- thailandia Gusenleitner able syn.: R. aethiopica (du Buysson); Ropalidia thailandia Gusenleitner, 1994, distr.). - FitzGerald, 1940, Proc. R. En- Linz. Biol. Beitr. 26: 325-329, female tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- (in subgenus Icarielia) - "Thailand: mol. 15: 34 (distr.; nest). - Richards, Phang Nga, Takus Pa., KHAO SOK N. 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, P." (Linz). 58 (in subgenus Icariola; nest; list). - DISTRIBUTION: Thailand. Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. timida van der Vecht Soc. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in sub- Ropalidia timida van der Vecht, 1962, 42 genus Icariola; morphology). (key), 62, plate 6, female, male (in sub- DISTRIBUTION: Kenya; Mozambique; Namib- genus Icarielia) - "Singapore" (holo- ia. type female London); also from Malaya; Borneo; Sumatra; ethology. - Pagden, trichophthalma Richards 1976, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. C Ropalidia trichophthalma Richards, 1978, Biol. Med. Sci. 79: 508 (ethology). - Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (nest), Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. 62 (key), 102, female, male (in subgenus Ser. 61: 55 (in subgenus Icarielia; nest), Icariola) - "Queensland Q2, Forest 58 (in subgenus Icariola; list). - Kojima road near Ingham" [Australia] (holotype and Yamane, 1990, in Sakagami et al., female Canberra); also from numerous Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: other localities in Queensland. - Carda- 35 (key), 37 (distr.). - Jeanne, 1991, in le, 1985, Zoolog. Cat. Australia 2, Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: 217 (in subgenus 212 (colony population). - Spradbery, Icariola; cat.). - Jeanne, 1991, in Ross 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 203, Wasps: 353 (colony population). - It6, 212, 225 (colony population). - Kojima, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 89 (in 1993, New Entomol. 42: 4 (biology). - subgenus Icarielia; ethology). - Macal- Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al., intal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Cape York Penin. Sci. Exp. Wet Season Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus 1992 Rep. 2: 179 (distr.). - Ito, 1993, Icariola; morphology). - Kojima, 1996, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 89, 134 (in Zool. Meded., Leiden 70: 325, 326, 328, subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Macal- figs. 8, 21. intal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. 58 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in subgenus fig. 2, "male" [female] - "Tanzania: Icariola; morphology). Dar Es Salaam" (Monaco). DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland). DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania. turneri Richards variabilis (de Saussure) Ropalidia turneri Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Icaria variabilis de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (nest), 62 (key), didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: 65 (larva in key), 73, figs. 13, 21, 31, 114 (key), 135, pl. 18 fig. 15, female, 36, female, male (in subgenus Icariola) male - "Madagascar" (Gen6ve, Paris). - "Queesnland Q2, Kuranda, 1100 ft" - Dalle Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 [Australia] (holotype female Canberra); (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senck- also from 6 other localities in Queens- enb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 218, 231. land. - Yamane and Okazawa, 1981, - Dalle Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Rep. Fac. Sci. Kagoshima Univ. 14: 69, 19: 74 (cat.). fig. 5 (larva from New Guinea) [proba- Ropalidia variabilis; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. bly R. cristata Kojima, according to Ko- Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 344 (cat.; jima, 1989]. - Cardale, 1985, Zoolog. distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Cat. Australia 2, Hym.: Vesp. Sphec.: Suppl. Ser. 61: 53, 58 (in subgenus Ica- 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - riola; nest; list). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Jeanne, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 84 ), 86 Soc. Biol. Wasps: 404 (ethology). - Ko- (key), 87, fig. 7 (distr.). jima, 1993, New Entomol. 42: 4 (biol- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. ogy). - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. Soc. Washington 17: tables variegata dichroma van der Vecht 1, 2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). Ropalidia variegata dichroma van der Vecht, DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland). 1941, Treubia 18: 157, female, male - "Timor" (holotype female Leiden); unicolor (Smith) 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 31 (in Icaria unicolor Smith, 1859, J. Proc. Linn. subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). Soc. Zool. 3: 168, female - "Key Is- DISTRIBUTION: Timor. land" [= Kei] (Oxford); 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 138 (distr.); variegata vanegata (Smith) 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 380 Epipona variegata Smith, 1852, Ann. Mag. (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: Nat. Hist. (2) 9: 48, female - "Poona" 121 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: [India] (London). 74 (cat.). Icaria variegata; de Saussure, 1854, IEt. Fam. Ropalidia mathematica unicolor; van der Vesp. 2: 237, pl. 4, fig. 3a (nest) [error: Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 133 (distr.; "La China"]. - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. specimens from Timor were placed in Br. Mus. 5: 97 (cat.). - Home, 1870, Ropalidia socialis socialis in his 1962 Trans. Zool. Soc. London 7: 169, pl. 20 paper). figs. 8, 9 (ethology). - Smith, 1871, J. Ropalidia unicolor; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 11: 378 (in Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. Leopold subgenus Epipona). - Andr6, 1889, Le de Belgique 4 (5): 51 ("probablement Naturaliste: 189 (nest). - Dalla Torre, un Parapolybia"). - van der Vecht, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 (cat.). - Bing- 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 21 (in ham, 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: subgenus Anthreneida; Kei Is.) - Rich- 386 (key), 388 (distr.). - Cameron, 1900, ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 495 (male). 58 (in subgenus Icariola; list). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum DISTRIBUTION: Kei Is. 19: 74 (cat.; L. picta de Saussure and L. pendula Smith are placed under this spe- unidentata Giordani Soika cies with a query.). - Schulz, 1912, Ber- Ropalidia unidentata Giordani Soika, 1981, lin. Entomol. Z. 57: 88 (syn. of Icaria Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 113: 172, 175, cyathiformis (Fabricius)). - von Schul- 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 59

thess, 1927, Suppl. Entomol. 16: 83 114 (key), 129, pl. 4 figs. 4, 4b, female (distr.) [misidentification?]. - "Madagascar" (Geneve). - Dalla Tor- Ropalidia variegata; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. re, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 (cat.). - de Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 247. -- Dover Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- and Rao, 1922, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. forsch. Ges. 26 (2): 217, 227 (male). - ser.) 18: 244. - Dover, 1925 (1924), J. Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 20: 302; 19: 75 (cat.). 1929, Bull. Raffles Mus. 2: 47 (distr.); Ropalidia velutina; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. 1931 (1930), J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. 26: Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 345 (cat.; 257 (distr.). - van der Vecht, 1941, Treu- distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- bia 18: 104 (syn.: L pendula Smith). - tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- Berland and Grass6, 1951, in Grasse, mol. 25: 85 (distr.). - Giordani Soika, Trait6 Zool. 10 (2): 1163, fig. 1032. - 1991, Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 82 Davis, 1966, Nature 210: 966 (etholo- (distr.), 85 (key). gy); 1996, Entomol. News 77: 271 DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. (ethology). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 59 (in subgenus venustula (de Saussure) Icariola; list) [error: author (de Saus- Icaria venustula de Saussure, 1900, Abh sure)]. - Ross and Carpenter, 1991, in Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2) Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 218, 219 (key), 231, male - "Madagas. 458, 460, 463 (biology). - Wenzel, car; Imerina" (Gen6ve). - Dalla Torre 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 75 (cat.). Wasps: 487 (nest). - It6, 1993, Behav. Ropalidia venustula; Bequaert, 1918, Bul: Soc. Evol. Wasps: 20, 51, 52, 66, 105 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 345 (cat (ethology). - Theraulez and Bonabeau, distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. SoL 1995, J. Theor. Biol. 177: fig. la (nest). Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 84 (probable var. of - Macalintal and Starr, 1996, Mem. Ent. ranavali (de Saussure); distr.), 86 (key). Soc. Washington 17: tables 1, 2 (in sub- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. genus Icariola; morphology). vietnama Gusenleitner Ropalidia variegata variegata; van der Ropalidia vietnama Gusenleitner, 1996, Linz. Vecht, 1941, Treubia 18: 112 (key), 154 Biol. Beitr. 28: 15, 17, figs. 6, 7, female, (distr.); 1962, Zool. Verh., Leiden 57: 29 nest (in subgenus Anthreneida) - "Vi- (in subgenus Anthreneida; taxonomy; etnam, Nam Cat Tien, 11°26'N distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. 107°26'E" (holotype Linz). Suppl. Ser. 61: 54 (nest). - Yamane and DISTRIBUTION: Vietnam. Yamane, 1979, Insecta Matsumurana, n. ser. 15: 4 (key), 11, 32 (in subgenus An- vitripennis (de Saussure) threneida; fig.; ethology; distr.). - Das Icaria vitripennis de Saussure, 1890, in and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 17: 425 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.; 1: 113 (key), 130, female - "Madagas- distr.). - Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. car" (London) - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Insects Monogr. 11: 113 (key), 144, map Hym. 9: 121 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, 24 (in sumatrae group of subgenus An- Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 threneida; female, male; fig.; distr.). (2): 217, 229 (female). - Dalla Torre, DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan; India (Punjab, Delhi, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 75 (cat.). Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Gu- Ropalidia vitripennis; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. jarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 345 (cat.; Karnataka, Tamil Nadu); Nepal; Myan- distr.). - FitzGerald, 1950, Proc. R. En- mar; Malay Peninsula; China. tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- mol. 25: 83 (distr.). - Richards, 1978, velutina (de Saussure) Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: 58 (in sub- Icaria velutina de Saussure, 1890, in Gran- genus Icariola; list). - Kojima, 1988, J. didier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: Kansas Entomol. Soc. 61: 300, figs. 47, 60 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

48 (larva). Giordani Soika, 1991, Lav. Suppl. Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus Polistra- Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 85 (key). tus; list), 121 (key). - Kojima, 1988, J. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 61: 297, figs. 31- 32 (larva). - van der Vecht and Carpen- wollastoni (Meade-Waldo) ter, 1990, Zool. Verh., Leiden 260: 47 Icaria wollastoni Meade-Waldo, 1912, Ann. ("erroneously placed in Polistratus by Mag. Nat. Hist (8) 9: 448 (key), 449, Richards (1978)"). female (in subgenus Icariastrum) - DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. "Mimika River" [S. W. New Guinea] (London). zonata (Cameron) Ropalidia wollastoni; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Icaria zonata Cameron, 1906, in Wichmann, Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. Leopold Nova Guinea 5, Zool. 1: 61, female - de Belgique 4 (5): 51. - Cheesman, "Moaif" [New Guinea] (lectotype Am- 1952, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 6 sterdam); also from another locality in (redescription of the type). New Guinea. - Meade-Waldo, 1911, Icaria sericea Cameron, 1911, Nova Guinea Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)7: 100 (syn. of 9, Zool. 2: 188, female - "Bivak Is- I. festina). - van der Vecht, 1934, land" (lectotype Amsterdam). Junior Tijdschr. Entomol. 77, Verslag: 8 (syn. primary homonym of I. sericea Camer- of R. festina (Smith)). on, 1905. NEW SYNONYMY Ropalidia zonata; Cheesman, 1952, Ann. Ropalidia sericea; Bequaert, 1932, Res. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 3, 22. - Rich- Scient. Voyage Indes Or. N6erl. Leopold ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: de Belgique 4 (5): 51. 58 (in subgenus Icarielia; list), 129 DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. (key). - Kojima, 1996, Zool. Meded., wudai wudai Cheesman Leiden 70: 328. Ropalidia wudai Cheesman, 1952, Ann. DIsTRIBUTION: New Guinea. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 2, 14, female - "Papua, Kokoda, 1200 ft" (London); Species originally described as Icaria or been also from Owen Stanley Range. - Rich- (= Ropalidia) having ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: erroneously placed in Ropalidia, 57 (in subgenus Polistratus; list). now placed in other genera DISTRIBUTION: Northeastern New Guinea. wudai trullissima Cheesman Icaria aberrans Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Ropalidia wudai trullissima Cheesman, Soc. Entomol. Ital. 23: 246. female - Ann. Nat. Hist. "India" (Genova). - Dalla Torre, 1894, 1952, Mag. (12) 5: 2, Cat. Hym. 9: 117 (cat.). - Bingham, 15, female - "Dutch New Guinea, Cy- 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: 387 clops Mts., 930 ft." (London). - Rich- ards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 61: (key), 391 (female). - Dalla Torre, 1904, 57 (in subgenus Polistratus; list). Genera Insectorum 19: 73 (cat.). = DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern New Guinea. Charterginus aberrans (Gribodo) (Epi- ponini), fide Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps xanthura (de Saussure) Am.: 131. Icaria xanthura de Saussure, 1854, JEt. Fam. Icaria annulipes Cameron, 1913 = Polybia. Vesp. 2: 236, female - "Madagascar" orientalis, fide Meade-Waldo and Mor- (coll. Baly; current depository un- ley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: known); 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Mad- 406. See Parapolybia varia varia. agascar 20, Hym. 1: 113, 125 (female). Icaria aterrima Kirby, 1900, Bull. Liverpool - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 121 Mus. 3: 23, female - "Abd-el-Kuri" (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 75 (London); 1903, in Forbes, Nat. Hist. of (cat.). Sokotra, Zool. Hym.: 256, pl. 16 fig. 8. Ropalidia xanthura; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 73 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 345 (cat.; (cat.). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. distr.). - Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool. Nat. Hist. 39: 305 (?syn. of Odynerus 19979KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 61

melanchrous Kohl). = Leptochilus ater- Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 108. See Polybioides rimus (Eumeninae), fide Giordani Soika, raphigastra. 1974, Boll. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Venezia Icaria singapurensis Cameron, 1904 = Po- 25: 73 (in subgenus Lionotulus; syn.; lybia orientalis de Saussure, syn. by Do- distr.). [= Pseudopterocheilus sp., ac- ver, 1929, Bull. Raffles Mus. 2: 46. See cording to unpublished note by van der Parapolybia varia varia. Vecht, 1979, on a label in a drawer at Icaria sulciscutis Cameron, 1901 = Polybia the Natural History Museum, London.] (Parapolybia) sumatrensis de Saussure, Icaria cameroni Dalla Torre, 1904 = Para- syn. by Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. polybia varia (Fabricius). Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 108; = Polybia sulcis- Icaria carinata Cameron, 1900 = Parapo- cutis (Cameron), fide Schulz, 1907, Ber- lybia varia (Fabricius), fide van der lin. Entomol. Z. 51: 328. See Polybioi- Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 31. des raphigastra. Icaria carinifera Schulz, 1907, Berlin. En- Icaria tinctipennis Cameron, 1900 = Para- tomol. Z. 51: 328 = Parapolybia varia polybia indica tinctipennis (Cameron), (Fabricius). fide van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Icaria flavobilineata Cameron, 1902, J. Leiden 82: 29. Straits. Asiat. Soc. 37: 102, "Kuching, Icaria wroughtoni Cameron, 1900 = Polybia Sarawak" = Polistes flavobilineatus (Parapolybia) orientalis de Saussure, (Polistini), fide Meade-Waldo, 1911, fide Meade-Waldo and Morley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 102. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 406. See Icaria fulvinerva Cameron, 1900 = Para- Parapolybia varia varia. polybia indica var. fulvinerva (Camer- Odynerus petiolatus Smith, 1859, J. Proc. on), fide van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Linn. Soc. Zool. 3: 164, "Aru", "Key" Verh., Leiden 82: 30. = Ropalidia petiolata; Bequaert, 193M Icaria fuscipennis Cameron, 1900 = Polybia Res. Scient. Voyage Indes Or. Neer: (Parapolybia) orientalis de Saussure, Leopold de Belgique 4 (5): 50 = Pa- fide Meade-Waldo 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. chymenes (Eumeninae), according to ar Hist. (8) 7: 108. See Parapolybia varia unpublished note by van der Vecht. varia. Icaria grossepunctata Kirby, 1900, Bull. Genus Parapolybia de Saussure Liverpool Mus. 3: 20, female - "Soko- tra: Goahal Valley, E. Sokotra"; 1903, Parapolybia de Saussure, 1854, Et. Fain. in Forbes, Nat. Hist. of Sokotra, Zool. Vesp. 2: 207, division of subgenus Po- Hym.: 249, pl. 16 fig. 5. - Bequaert, lybia of genus Polybia Lepeletier (3 spe- 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 284 cies). (?syn. of Labus socotrae Kohl, 1907). = Type species: Polybia indica de Saussure, Cyrtolabulus grossepunctatus (Eumeni- 1854, by subsequent designation of nae), fide Giordani Soika, 1974, Boll. Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. India, Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Venezia 25: 74. Hym. 1: 382. Icaria leptogaster Cameron, 1901 = Poly- Lit.: von Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. bioides raphigastra (de Saussure), syn. Entomol. Ges. 12: 152 (raised to generic by van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., rank). - van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Leiden 82: 13. Verh., Leiden 82: 5, 21-40 (revision of Icaria quadrimaculata Cameron, 1900 = East Asian and Indo-Australian species). Parapolybia varia (Fabricius), fide van - Gadagkar, 1991, in Ross and Mat- der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: thews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 149-190 30. (ethology). Icaria rubriscutis Cameron MS (newly pub- lished by Meade-Waldo in 1911, Ann. Species list Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 108) = Polybia (Parapolybia) sumatrensis de Saussure, escalerae (Meade-Waldo) fide Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. Polybia escalerae Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 109, female (in Mus. 5: 133 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, subgenus Parapolybia) - "Dupu1ln Cat. Hym. 9: 164 (cat.). - Bingham, Baktiari, S. W. Persia" (London). 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: 383 Parapolybia escalerae; von Schulthess, (key), 384 (distr.) [partim]. -- Dalla Tor- 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: re, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 77 153 (key), 159. - van der Vecht, 1966, (cat.). - Dover, 1926, China J. Sci. Arts. Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 21 (distr.). - 4: 234 (distr.). - Dover, 1929, Bull. Raf- Gusenleitner, 1988, Linz. Biol. Beitr. 20: fles Mus. 2: 46 (distr.). - van der Vecht, 714 (distr.). 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 27 (ma- DIsTRIBUTION: Thrkey; Iran; Pakistan. terial reported by Bingham partly sub- species bioculata, and perhaps partly P. indica bioculata van der Vecht varia (Fabricius)). Polybia indica (de Saussure); Bingham, Stelopolybia indica; du Buysson, 1913, Bull. 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: 383, Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 298. 384, fig. 115 (female). Parapolybia indica; von Schulthess, 1913, Parapolybia indica bioculata van der Vecht, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 153 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 26 (key), (key), 154, pl. 11 fig. 1, pl. 1lB fig. 7 29, fig. llc, female - "Birma: Tenas- (distr.). - Liu, 1936-37, Peking Nat. serim ... Haundraw Valley" (London). Hist. Bull. 11 (3): 205, 340 (cat.; distr.). - Lee, 1982, Hornets from Agric. - Sonan, 1944, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Regions China: 98 (key), 102, pl. 1 fig. Taiwan 34: 342 (key; distr.). - Berland 1 (female); 1982, Zool. Res. 3: 85 and Grass6, 1951, in Grasse, Trait6 Zool. (distr.). - Das and 1984 Gupta, (1983), 10 (2): 1151. - Iwata, 1969, Kontyu' 37: Orient. Insectsl7: 429 (cat.). Lee, 1985, 439 (nest). - Matsuura, 1975, Shoku- Econ. Insect Fauna China, 30 Hym.: butsu-boeki, 29: 294, 295 (nest); 1976, Vespoidea: 55 (key; female), pl. 1 fig. 1; Nankiseibutsu 18: 5. - Sekijima et al., 1987, in Forest Insects Yunnan: 1350 1980, Bull. Fac. Agric. Mie Univ. 61: 11 (key). - Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. (ethology). - Jeanne et al., 1983, Zoom- Insects Monogr. 11: 179, map 27 (distr.). orphologie 103: 155, fig. 17 (morphol- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; South China. ogy). - Kojima, 1983, Kontyfu 41: 17- indica fulvinerva (Cameron) 19 (ethology). - Sugiura et al., 1983, Icaria fulvinerva Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Bull. Fac. Agric. Mie Univ. 66: 11 Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 504, female - "Khasia (ethology); 1983, Bull. Fac. Agric. Mie Hills" [India] (lectotype Oxford). - Dal- Univ. 66: 27 (ethology). - Yamane and la Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: Maeta, 1985, Kontya 53: 576. - Sprad- 73 (cat.). - Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay Nat. bery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Hist. Soc. 24: 714 (cat.). - van der Biol. Wasps: 356 (colony population). - Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 30 Jeanne, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, (designation of lectotype). Soc. Biol. Wasps: 394 (ethology). - Parapolybia indica va. (or subsp.) fulviner- Ross and Carpenter, 1991, in Ross and va; van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 458 (biol- Leiden 82: 26 (key), 30. ogy). - Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Hist. Parapolybia indicafulvinerva; Das and Gup- Mus. Nat. Sci., Taichung 3: 132 (pres- ta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insectsl7: 429 ence in Taiwan requires confirmation). - (cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: Kojima, 1992, Insectes Soc. 39: 275 179, map 27 (distr.). (ethology); 1992, Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 4: DISTRIBUTION: India (Meghalaya). 183 (ethology). - It6, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 7, 20, 133 (ethology). - indica indica (de Saussure) Yamane et al., 1995, Proc. Japan. Soc. Polybia indica de Saussure, 1854, lAt. Fam. Syst. Zool. 54: 75 (syn.: P. takasogona), Vesp. 2: 207, pl. 26 fig. 3, female (in 77 (key). division Parapolybia) - "La Chine" Parapolybia takasagona Sonan, 1944, Trans. (Paris). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 34: 342 (key), 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 63

344, female, male - "Taipei, Tamaru, male - "Fornosa: ... Pilam" (Leiden); Rato" [in Chinese characters] [Taiwan] also from 4 other localities in Taiwan; (holotype female Wufeng). - Kuo and Myanmar (Tenasserim); China (Fukien); Yeh, 1987, J. Natl. Chiayi Inst. Agric. India (Umbaso); Thailand. - Tano, 1976, 16: 82 (fig.). - Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Hym. Comm. (3): 8, 10 (key; distr.). - Hist. Mus. Nat. Sci., Taichung 3: 112, Yamane and Yamane, 1979, Insecta figs. 28b, 30 (syn.: nodosa van der Matsumurana n. ser. 15: 4 (key), 15, 32 Vecht; distr.; ethology). - Yamane et al., (male; fig.; distr.). - Das and Gupta, 1995, Proc. Japan. Soc. Syst. Zool. 54: 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 432 75 (redescription of the type; syn. of (cat.). - Yamane, 1984, Zool. Jahrb. Parapolybia indica). Syst. 111: 119 (ethology). - Das and Parapolybia indica indica; van der Vecht, Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 26(key), 11: 177 (key), 183, map 29 (female, 27, fig. 1 la-b (distr.). - Iwata, 1969, male; distr.). - Wenzel, 1991, in Ross Kontyfi 37: 437-443 (nest). - Giordani and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 488 Soika, 1976, Ann. Hist. -Nat. Mus. Natl. (nest). - Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Hist. Hung. 68: 287 (distr.). - Iwata, 1976, Mus. Nat. Sci., Taichung 3: 113 (syn. of Evol. Instinct: 301, 303, 305-306 (ethol- takasagona).4 - Yamane et al., 1995, ogy). - Lee, 1981, Wuyi Sci. J. 1: 198 Proc. Japan. Soc. Syst. Zool. 54: 75 (tax- (distr.); 1982, Nat. Enemies Ins. 4: 55 onomy), 77 (key). (distr.); 1982, Hornets from Agric. DISTRIBUTION: India; Nepal; Myanmar; Thai- Regions China: 98 (key; female, male), land; China; Taiwan. pl. 1 fig. 10; 1982, Zool. Res. 3: 85. - Das and Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. In- persica (Meade-Waldo) sectsl7: 429 (cat.). - Lee, 1985, Econ. Polybia persica Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Insect Fauna China, 30 Hym.: Vespo- Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 108, female (in 1 10 (female, subgenus Parapolybia) - "Kuh Sefid, S. idea: 55 (key), 56, pl. fig. W Persia" (London). male); 1987, in Forest Insects Yunnan; 1913, 1349 (key). - Das and Gupta, 1989, Ori- Parapolybia persica; von Schulthess, 177 178, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 153 ent. Insects Monogr. 11: (key), - Zool. map 27 (distr.). - Lee and Ma, 1992, in (key), 160. van der Vecht, 1966, Icono. Forest Insects Hunan China: 1325 Verh., Leiden 82: 21. (distr.). DISTRIBUTION: Iran. DISTRIBUTION: India; Myanmar; Borneo; Chi- na; Taiwan; Korea; Japan. 4 Starr (1992: 113-114) suggested that van der Vecht's (1966) failure to mention P. takasagona was due to "his indica tinctipennis (Cameron) aversion to the language spoken by his wartime cap- Icaria tinctipennis Cameron, 1900, Ann. tors." Van der Vecht was indeed forced into brutal ser- Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 503, female - vitude by the Japanese army during the Second World "Khasia Hills" [India] (Oxford). - Dalla War, and thus it is plausible that this harsh experience Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 74 could have resulted in an aversion to Japanese. However, (cat.). - Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay Nat. we do not believe van der Vecht was the kind of tax- onomist to allow animosity against a language to affect Hist. Soc. 24: 714 (cat.). his scientific work. We also must disagree with Starr's Parapolybia indica tinctipennis; van der suggestion that van der Vecht's failure to cite Sonan's Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 26 (1944) paper was due to anything other than simple (key), 29. - Das and Gupta, 1984 oversight. Consider the following facts: (1) the Zoolog- (1983), Orient. Insectsl7: 429 (cat.); ical Record did not list P. takasagona; (2) the number 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. 11: 179, (no. 245) of Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan, in which P. fig. 30a, map 27 (distr.). takasogona was described, was (and is) rarely available DISTRIBUTION: India (Assam, Meghalaya). in Europe, because of the War, despite the previous cir- culation of the journal in Europe; (3) the reprints of the nodosa van der Vecht paper were not distributed worldwide; and (4) van der Parapolybia nodosa van der Vecht, 1966, Vecht did cite papers published in Japanese, in other Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 25 (key), 39, fe- works (see 1968, Bijdr. Dierkd. 38: 97-109). 64, AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199 varia fi4rva van der Vecht 15. - Dover, 1931, J. Fed. Malay St. Parapolybia varia subsp. (or var.?)ffurva van Mus. 16: 258 (distr.). der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: Polybia artifex Smrlith, 1860 (1861), J. Proc. 39, female, male - "New Guinea: West Linn. Soc. Zool. 5: 90, female - "Ma- New Guinea, Vogelkop ... Kebar Val., kassar" [Sulawesi] (Oxford); 1863 West of Manokwari, 550 m" (holotype (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 139 female Honolulu). (distr.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. DIsTRiBUrION: N. W. New Guinea. 11: 384 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 162 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insec- varia varia (Fabricius) torum 19: 76 (cat.). - von Schulthess, Vespa varia Fabricius, 1787, Mant. Insecto- 1913. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: rum 1: 293 - "China" (Kobenhavn). - 164 (var. of Parapolybia orientalis, Gmelin, 1790, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, 1 (5): close to "carinata Smith"). 2754. - Olivier, 1792, Encycl. Meth. In- Icaria quadrimaculata Cameron, 1900, Ann. sectes 6: 674. - Fabricius, 1793, Ento- Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 496, male - "Ben- mol. Syst. 2: 282. gal, probably Barrackpore" (Oxford). - Polistes varia; Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: Rotliey, 1903, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. 279. - de Saussure, 1852, Et. Fam. Vesp. London 1903: 107. - Dalla Torre, 1904, 1: 265 (unidentified species, "Eumenes Genera Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.). - Ai- ?") - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: yar, 1916, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 135 (varius; unidentified); 1904, Genera 714 (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Insectorum 19: 72 (varius; unidentified). Verh., Leiden 82: 30 (syn. of P. varia Polybia orientalis de Saussure, 1854, Et. (Fab.)). Fam. Vesp. 2: 208, pl. 26 fig. 2, female Icaria carinata Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. (in subgenus Parapolybia) - "La Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 499, male - "Khasia Chine" (London, no. 18.738). - Smith, Hills" [India] (Oxford). Junior primary 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 133 (cat.). homonym of Icaria carinata de Saus- - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 165 sure, 1890. - Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay (cat.) - Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. India, Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 714 (cat.). Hym. 1: 383, fig. 116 (key; distr.). - Icaria wroughtoni Cameron, 1900, Ann. Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 500 - "Poona" 19: 78 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911, (holotype female London, no. 18.730). - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 108 (in sub- Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum genus Parapolybia; Icariafuscipennis as 19: 75 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo and Mor- var.). - Schulz, 1912, Berlin Entomol. Z. ley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 57: 86, 101 (syn. of Polybia varia (Fa- 406 (syn. of Polybia orientalis de Saus- bricius)). - Meade-Waldo and sure). - Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay Nat. Morley, Hist. Soc. 24: 714 (cat.). 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 406 Icaria (in subgenus Parapolybia; syn.: Icaria fuscipennis Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6: 501, female - wroughtoni Cameron, L fuscipennis "Khasia Hills" Cameron, I. annulipes - [India] (Oxford). - Dalla Cameron). Ai- Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 73 yar, 1916, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: - 714 (cat.). - (cat.). Meade-Waldo, 191 1, Ann. Mag. Dover and Rao, 1922, J. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 108 (var. of Polybia or- Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. ser.) 18: 243 ientalis de - Saussure). - Meade-Waldo (distr.). Matsumura and Uchida, 1926, and Morley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Insecta Matsumurana 1: 35 (Polibia [!]; (8) 14: 406 (syn. of Polybia orientalis distr.). - Dover, 1926, China J. Sci. Arts de Saussure). - Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay 4: 234; 1929, Bull. Raffles Mus. 2: 46 Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 714 (cat.). (syn.: Icaria singapurensis Cameron; Icaria cameroni Dalla Toffe, 1904, Genera distr.). - Matsumura, 1930, Thous. In- Insectorum 19: 73, replacement name sects Japan. Rev. 2: 10, pl. 2 fig. 8; for Icaria carinata Cameron, 1900, non 1931, 6000 Illust. Insects Japan-Emp.: de Saussure, 1890. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 65

Icaria singapurensis Cameron, 1904, J. Parapolybia varia; Liu, 1936-37, Peking Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc. 41: 120, female Nat. Hist. Bull. 11 (3): 205, 348 (cat.; - "Singapore" (Singapore). - Dover, distr.). - Sonan, 1944, Trans. Nat. Hist. 1929, Bull. Raffles Mus. 2: 46 (syn. of Soc. Taiwan 34: 342 (key), 343 (distr.). Polybia orientalis de Saussure). - Liu, - Yano, 1952, in Icono. Ins. Japan. 2nd 1936-37, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 2: 347. ed.: 1458. - Ishikawa, 1965, in Icono. Icaria carinifera Schulz, 1906, Berlin. En- Insects Japan. Color Nat. Ed. 3: 292. - tomol. Z. 51: 328, replacement name for van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden Icaria carinata Cameron, 1900, non de 82: 25 (key), 30, figs. 8-12, pl. 3 (syn.: Saussure, 1890. Polybia orientalis de Saussure, P. artifex Polybia varia; Schulz, 1912, Berlin. Ento- Smith, Icaria quadrimaculata Cameron, mol. Z. 57: 86, 101 (syn.: Polybia or- L carinata Cameron, L wroughtoni ientalis de Saussure). Cameron, I. fuscipennis Cameron, L sin- Icaria annulipes Cameron, 1913, Ind. For. gapurensis Cameron, I. annulipes Cam- Rec. 4: 115, female, male - "Dehra eron, Stelopolybia disticha du Buysson; Dun" [India: Uttar Pradesh] (London, distr.: "occurrence in the Moluccas re- no. 18.732a & b). - Meade-Waldo and quires confirmation"); 1968, Proc. K. Morley, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. C Biol. Med. Sci. 14: 406 (syn. of Polybia orientalis de 71: 418, fig. 3i (morphology). Iwata, Saussure). - Aiyar, 1916, J. Bombay 1969, Kontyfi 37: 441 (nest). - Kim, Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 714 (cat.). 1970, Illust. Encycl. Fauna Flora Korea Stelopolybia disticha du Buysson, 1913, 11, Ins. 3: 544, 802, pl. 50 fig. 618 (syn.: Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 298, Polybia orientalis de Saussure, Polistes female - "Chine: Kiang-si ...; Chang- varius "Dalla Torre" [!], Icaria singa- Hai" (Paris). - van der Vecht, 1966, purensis Cameron). - Matsuura, 1975, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 31 (syn. of Par- Shokubutsu-boeki 29: 294; 1976, Nank- apolybia varia (Fabricius)). iseibutsu 18: 5. - Iwata, 1976, Evol. In- Stelopolybia orientalis; du Buysson, 1913, stinct: 303, 305-306 (ethology). - Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 298, Tano, 1976, Hym. Comm. (3): 8, 10 299. (key; distr.; nest). - Yamane, 1976, In- Parapolybia orientalis; von Schulthess, sectarium 13: 206 (ethology). - van der 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: Vecht, 1979, Entomol. Ber. (Amster- 153 (key), 155, pl. 11 fig. 3, liB fig. 8 dam) 33: 30 (distr.). - Yamane and Ter- (male; distr.); 1927, Suppl. Entomol., ayama, 1983, Mem. Kagoshima Univ. Berlin 16: 83 (distr.). - Ma, 1936, En- Res. Ctr. S. Pacific 3: 169-173 (trigon- tomol. Phytopath. 4: 66. - Yasumatsu, alyid parasite). - Jeanne et al., 1983, 1937, Fukuoka Hakubutsugaku-Zasshi Zoomorphologie 103: 155, fig. 8 (mor- 2(2): 70 (distr.). phology). - Yamane, 1984, Zool. Jahrb. Parapolybia orientalis var. "carinata Smith Syst. 1 1 1: 1 19 (nest); 1985, J. Ethol. 3: i. litt."; von Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. 27 (ethology). - Das and Gupta, 1984 Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 155, 156, (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 430 (cat.). - pl. 1lB fig. 9. - van der Vecht, 1966, Lee, 1987, in Forest Insects Yunnan; Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 31 ("evidently 1349 (key). - Das and Gupta, 1989, Ori- von Schulthess misread the label on a ent. Insects Monogr. 11: 177 (key), 180, specimen of Icaria carinata Cameron"). map 28 (female, male; fig.; distr.). - Parapolybia disticha; von Schulthess, 1927, Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Suppl. Entomol., Berlin 16: 83 (distr.). - Soc. Biol. Wasps: 356, 358, 381 (colony Liu, 1936-37, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. population). - Jeanne, 1991, in Ross and 11: 205, 337 (cat.). - Sonan, 1944, Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 394 (ethol- Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 34: 342 ogy). - Ross and Carpenter, 1991, in (key; distr.). - Kim, 1970, Illust. Encycl. Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: Fauna Flora Korea 11, Insecta 3: 803 460 (biology). - Downing, 1991, in (distr.). Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 66 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

549 (morphology). - Starr, 1992, Bull. Entomol. Ges. 12: 164 (incertae sedis): Natl. Hist. Mus. Nat. Sci., Taichung 3: According to van der Vecht (1966, Zool. 111-112, figs. 26-27, 28a, 29 (distr.; Verh., Leiden 82: 6), the type is lost and ethology). - Lee and Ma, 1992, in the identity of this species is uncertain. Icono. Forest Insects Hunan China: 1325 Van der Vecht considered that this spe- (distr.). - It6, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. cies is probably a Polistes. Judging from Wasps: 7, 20, 22, 41 (ethology). - Ya- the fact that the species that Smith de- mane et al., 1995, Proc. Japan. Soc. scribed as Polybia have the first meta- Syst. Zool. 54: 77 (key). somal segment more or less petiolate, Parapolybia varia varia; Giordani Soika, Polybia luctuosa might be, if it is Pol- 1976, Ann. Hist. -Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. istes, P. meadeanus or its related spe- 68: 287 (distr.). - Lee, 1981, Wuyi Sci. cies, or otherwise be Ropalidiini. How- J. 1: 198 (distr.); 1982, Hornets from ever, we could not find any Ropalidiini Agric. Regions China: 98 (key), 100, pl. or Polistes species from Borneo that 2 fig. 1 (female, male); 1982, Zool. Res. match the description of Polybia luctuo- 3: 85 (distr.); 1985, Econ. Insect Fauna sa. Unless the type is found, it is better China, 30 Hym.: Vespoidea: 55 (key), to ignore this name. 57, pl. 2 fig. 1 (female, male). Polybia mathematica Smith, 1860 = Ropal- DISTRIBUTION: India; Nepal; Myanmar; Thai- idia mathematica (Smith), by von Schul- land; Malay Peninsula; Singapore; Bor- thess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. neo; Sulawesi; Sumbawa; Sumba; Phil- Ges. 12: 164, as Icaria mathematica. ippine Is.; Riouw-Archipelago (= Ke- Parapolybia meadeana von Schulthess, pulauan Riau); China; Korea; Japan. 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 153 (key), 161, figs. 2, 12, 13, female, Indo-Australian species originally male - "Kina Balu, Borneo" and "Per- described as Parapolybia or Polybia, ak, Sawarak [Sarawak!]" (London). = now placed in other genera Polistes meadeanus (Polistini), fide van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: Polybia andrei du Buysson, 1913, Bull. Soc. 6. Entomol. France 1913: 296, male - Parapolybia novaeguineae von Schulthess, "Presqu'ile de Malacca: P6rak" (Paris) 1913 = Ropalidia novaeguineae, fide = Polistes meadeanus (von Schulthess) van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden (Polistini), fide van der Vecht, 1966, 82: 6. Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 5. Polybia novaeguineae du Buysson, 1913 = Polybia decorata Smith, 1858 = Ropalidia Ropalidia novaeguineae (von Schul- decorata (Smith), fide du Buysson, thess), fide van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. 1913, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: Verh., Leiden 82: 6. 296, as Icaria decorata. Polybia papuana Cameron, 1913 = Ropali- Polybia limatula Smith, 1863 = Ropalidia dia papuana (Cameron), fide van der conservator (Smith), fide Meade-Waldo, Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6. 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 448, Polybia shelfordi du Buysson, 1913, Bull. as Icaria conservator. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 297, female Polybia loriana du Buysson, 1909 = Ropal- - "Kuching (Borneo)" (Oxford) = Pol- idia loriana (du Buysson), by van der istes meadeanus (von Schulthess) (Pol- Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 6. istini), fide van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Polybia luctuosa Smith, 1858, J. Proc. Linn. Verh., Leiden 82: 6. Soc. Zool. 2: 114, female - "Borneo Polybia stigma Snith, 1858 = Ropalidia (Sarawak)"; 1863 (1864), J. Proc. Linn. stigma (Smith), fide du Buysson, 1913, Soc. Zool. 7: 139 (distr.); 1971, J. Proc. Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 296, Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 384 (cat.). - Dalla as Icaria stigma. Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 164 (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 77 (cat.). Genus Polybioides du Buysson - von Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Polybioides du Buysson, 1913, Bull. Soc. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 67

Entomol. France 1913: 299, genus (3 thess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. species). Ges. 12(4): 163 (female; distr.). Type species: "Polybioides tabidus (F.)" Polybioides tabida var. melaina; du Buysson, [= Vespa tabida Fabricius, 1781], by 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Afr. subsequent designation of Ducke, Or., Res. Sc., Ins. Hym., 3, Vesp.: 164. 1914, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 330. Polybioides melaina; Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Lit.: Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 240, 337, fig. Hist. 39: 239-240 (key to African 239 (key; cat.; ethology; distr.). - Schou- species). - van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. teden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 186 (me- Verh., Leiden 82: 5-21 (revision of laenaina [!]; distr.). - Bequaert, 1922, Oriental species). Rev. Zool. Afr. 10: 316 (ethology; distr.). - von Schulthess, 1928, Senck- Species list enbergiana 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). - Be- quaert, 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 2: 173; 1938, Explor. Parcs Nation. Con- angustus van der Vecht go Belge Miss. G. F de Witte (1933- Polybioides angustus van der Vecht, 1966, 1935) 11: 9, 10 (distr.). -- Berland and Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 13 (key), 20, fe- Grasse, 1951, in Grasse, Traite Zool. 10 male - "Palawan: ... S. slope of Mt. Bal- (2): 1163, fig. 1023E (nest). - Bergmans abag, Mantalingajan Range, 2800 ft." and Brosnens, 1953, Cerc. Zool. Congol. (Chicago). - Tano, 1996, Entomol. J. Fu- 21 (1): 12-14 (ethology). - Walrecht, kui 19: 8 (distr.). 1963, Biol. Jaarb. Dodonaea 31: 244 DISTRIBUTION: Palawan. (nest). - van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. gracilis van der Vecht Verh., Leiden 82: 6, 7 (melainus; tax- Polybia sumatrensis de Saussure; Bingham, onomy; ethology). -- Iwata, 1976, Evol. 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: 383, 385 Instinct: 301, 305 (melanius [!]; etholo- [partim]. gy). - Wenzel, 1991, in Ross and Mat- Polybioides gracilis van der Vecht, 1966, thews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 493, fig. 14.31, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 13 (key), 19, fe- 512 (melainus; nest). male - "Tenasserim: . . . Ataran Valley" DISTRIBUTION: Zaire; Uganda. (London); also from other localities in psecas du Buysson Tenasserim; and Vietnam. - Das and Polybioides psecas du Buysson, 1913, Bull. Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 299, female 432 (cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Monogr. - "Esp?ces indo-malaises" (Paris). - von 11: 185, fig. 31, map 30 (female; distr.). Schulthess, 1927, Suppl. Entomol., Berlin DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Malay Peninsula; 16: 84 (distr.). - van der Vecht, 1966, Vietnam. Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 12 (key), 17, figs. melainus (Meade-Waldo) 2, 5, 7 (male; syn.: Polybia pendleburyi melaina Dover; distr.). - Kojima and Yamane, Polybia Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. 1990, in Sakagani et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 110, female, male Wasps Bees Eq. Sumatra: 37 (distr.). (in subgenus Parapolybia) - "Between Proc. R. Salt Lake and Wawamba, near Mount Polybia pendleburyi Dover, 1927, En- female tomol. Soc. London 1: 40, female - "Bukit Ruwenzori, Uganda" (lectotype Kutu, Selangor, 3500 ft." (London). - Do- London). - von Schulthess, 1912, Wiss. ver, 1931, J. Fed. Malay. St. Mus. 16: 259 Ergebn. Dtsch. Z. Afrik. Exp., (1907- (distr.). - van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., 08), 4, Lf. 10: 292 (distr.). - Bequaert, Leiden 82: 17 (syn. of psecas). 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 2: 173 DISTRIBUTION: Thailand; Malay Peninsula; (designation of lectotype). Borneo; Polybia tabida var. melaina; von Schulthess, Sumatra; Nias. 1913, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 6 (3): 341 raphigastra (de Saussure) (distr.). Polybia raphigastra de Saussure, 1854, lt. Parapolybia tabida var. melaina; von Schul- Fam. Vesp. 2: 204, female (in division 68 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

My) - "L'Amerique? Etiquet6 par erreur Ann. Wurzburg 4: 201 (syn. of raphi- de Pulo-Pinang (Asie)" [the original la- gastra). bel was presumably correct] (Torino). - Polybia sulciscutis; Schulz, 1907, Berlin. En- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 165 tomol. Z. 51: 328-331, fig. 4 (male; (cat.); Genera Insectorum 19: 78 (rha- distr.). phigastra [!]; "Amerika"; cat.). - "Icaria rubriscutis Cameron MS" Meade- Ducke, 1910, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 541 (not Polybia). - Schulz, 191 1, Zool. 7: 108 (syn. of Polybia sumatrensis de Ann. Wurzburg 4: 201 (syn.: Icaria sul- Saussure). Unavailable under Article ciscutis Cameron). - von Schuithess, 1 1 (e) of the Code. 1914, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 261 (distr.). Parapolybia rhaphigastra [!]; von Schul- - Dover, 1931 (1930), J. Fed. Malay. St. thess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Mus. 16: 259 (rhaphigastra [!]; [incor- Ges. 12: 153 (key), 156, pl. 11 fig. 4, pl. rectly] said to be "widely distributed all 1lB fig. 10 (syn.: Polybia sumatrensis over the Indo-Malayan region"). de Saussure, Icaria sulciscutis Cameron, Polybia sumatrensis de Saussure,.1855, Rev. 1. rubriscutis Cameron MS; distr.). Mag. Zool. (2) 7: 374, "male" [female] Polybioides sumatrensis; du Buysson, 1913, - "Sumatra" (holotype female London, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 299 no. 18.737). - Smith, 1858, J. Proc. (key). Linn. Soc. Zool. 2: 113 (distr.); 1863 Polybioides raphigastra; von Schulthess, (1864), J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 7: 139 1927, Suppl. Entomol., Berlin 16: 84 (distr.); 1871, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. (rhaphigastra [!]; distr.). - Pagden, 11: 384 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. 1958, Malay. Nat. J. 12: 113 (ethology). Hym. 9: 166 (cat.). - Bingham, 1897, - van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Lei- Fauna Br. India, Hym. 1: 385 (female; den 82: 9, 12 (key), 13, figs. 1, 4, 6, pls. distr.) [partim]. - Dalla Torre, 1904, 1-2 (syn.: Polybia sumatrensis de Saus- Genera Insectorum 19: 78 (cat.). - Bing- sure, Icaria leptogaster Cameron, Icaria ham, 1905, Fasc. Malay. 3: 49 (distr.). - sulciscutis Cameron; male; ethology; Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. distr.); 1968, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Hist. (8) 7: 108 (in subgenus Parapoly- Ser. C Biol. Med. Sci. 71: 417, fig. 3b bia; syn.: Icaria sulciscutis Cameron, (morphology). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. In- 1901, Icaria rubriscutis Cameron MS). stinct: 302, 304 (ethology). - Das and - Dover, 1927, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: London 1: 40; 1929, Bull. Raffles Mus. 432 (cat.). - Kojima and Yamane, 1990, 2: 46 (distr.). in Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Icaria leptogaster Cameron, 1901, Proc. Bees Eq. Sumatra: 37 (distr.). - Sprad- Zool. Soc. London 1901 (2): 29, female bery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. - "Patalung, Malay Peninsula" (Cam- Biol. Wasps: 358 (colony population). - bridge, U. K.). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen- Wenzel, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, era Insectorum 19: 74 (cat.; error: "Ma- Soc. Biol. Wasps: 498, 501, fig. 14.30, layische Inseln"). - von Schulthess, 512 (ethology). - Turillazzi and Fran- 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent Ges. 12: 164 cescato, 1994, Rend. Fis. Accad. Lincei (perhaps identical with Parapolybia sul- (9) 5 (4): 367 (ethology). ciscutis = rhaphigastra). DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula; Borneo; Su- Icaria sulciscutis Cameron, 1901, Proc. Zool. matra; Nias; Natuna I. Soc. London 1901 (2): 30, female - tabidus (Fabricius) "Bukit Tomah, Singapor" [Bukit Ti- Vespa tabida Fabricius, 1781, Spec. Insect. mahl] (holotype female London, no. 1: 468 - "Africa aequinoctiali" (holo- 18.729). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins type female London); 1787, Mant. Ins., 19: 74 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911, 1: 293. - Gmelin, 1790, Syst. Nat. ed. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 108 (syn. of 13, 1 (5): 2754. - Olivier, 1792, Encycl. sumatrensis). - Schulz, 191 1, Zool. Method. Ins. 6: 673. - Fabricius, 1793, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 69

Entomol. Syst.: 281. - de Saussure, Soc. Entomol. Ital. 48: 83-87 (tabidus; 1853, Et. Fiam. Vesp. 2: 42 (species du- ethology). - Darchen, 1976, C. R. Se- biae; ? Icaria). ances Acad. Sci. (D) 282: 457 (tabidus; Polybia tabida; de Saussure, 1854, Itt. Fam. ethology). - Iwata, 1976, Evol. Instinct: Vesp. 2: 209, pl. 24 fig. 4 (female). - 305 (tabidus; ethology). - Giordani Soi- Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 133 ka, 1977, Steenstrupia 4: 128 (tabidus; (cat.). - Kohl, 1894, Ann. Naturhist. distr.). - Jeanne et al., 1983, Zoomor- Hofmus. Wien, 9: 343. - Dalla Torre, phologie 103: 155 (tabidus; morpholo- 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 166 (cat.); 1904, gy). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Genera Insectorum 19: 78 (cat.). - Tul- Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 358 (tabi- gren, 1904, Ark. Zool. 1: 456 (distr.). - dus; colony population). - Wenzel, Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 323; 1912, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Berlin. Entomol. Z. 57: 85. - von Schul- Wasps: 493, fig. 14.31, 497, 498, 512 thess, 1913, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin (tabidus; nest). - Dejean and Turillazzi, 6(3): 341 (syn.: Polybia bucula du 1992, Trop. Zool. 5: 237 (trophobiosis Buysson; distr.); 1914, Dtsch. Entomol. with homopterans). - Francescato et al., Z. 1914: 290. 1993, Actes Coll. Insectes Soc. 8: 121 Polybia bucula du Buysson, 1902, Bull. Soc. (swarming behavior). - It6, 1993, Be- Entomol. France 1902: 253, female - hav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 89 (ethology). - "Assinie ...; Congo fran9ais: rivigere Dejean et al., 1994, J. Afr. Zool. 108 (3): de San Benito ...; entre Sam Quito et 251 (tabidus; ethology). - Turillazzi et N'jole; N'Kogo, Ogoou6 ...; Came- al., 1994, Insectes Soc. 41: 327 (tabidus; roun" (London). - von Schulthess, caste polymorphism). - Francescato et 1913, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 6(3): 341 al., 1994, Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 6: 422 (syn. of Polybia tabida de Saussure). - (swarming behavior). - Dejean and Fot- Richards, 1969, Mem. Soc. Entomol. so, 1995, Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 7: 11 (ta- Ital. 48: 83-84 (?distinct species). bidus; nesting associations). Parapolybia tabida; von Schulthess, 1913, DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; C6te d'Ivoire; Ghana; Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12 (4): Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; 152 (key), 162, pl. 11 fig. 6; pl. 11B fig. Gabon; Congo; Zaire; Uganda; Kenya. 11 (syn.: Polybia bucula du Buysson; distr.). tabidus var. isabellinus (von Schulthess) Polybioides tabida; du Buysson, 1913, Bull. Polybia, tabida var. isabellina von Schul- Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 299; 1914, thess, 1913 (March), Mitt. Zool. Mus. in Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Afr. Or., Res. Berlin 6(3): 341, female - "Port, West- Sc., Ins. Hym., 3, Vesp.: 163 (distr.). - afrika" (Berlin, Zriich). Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Parapolybia tabida var. isabellina von Hist. 39: 239 (key), 338, fig. 238 (ethol- Schulthess, 1913 (April), Mitt. Schweiz. ogy; cat.; distr.). - Bouvier, 1919, Bull. Entomol. Ges. 12(4): 163 (as "nov. Soc. Entomol. France 1918: 278 (ethol- var."; female; distr.). ogy). - Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Polybioides tabida var. isabellina; Bequaert, - 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 338 Afr. 6: 186 (distr.). Bequaert, 1922, (cat.); 1922, Rev. Zool. Afr. 10: 316 Rev. Zool. Afr. 10: 310, 315 (ethology; - distr.). - Bischoff, 1927, Biol. Hym.: (distr.). von Schulthess, 1928, Senck- 271 (nest). - von Schulthess, 1928, enbergiana 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). Senckenbergiana 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). - DIsTRIBUTION: Ghana; Cameroon; Equatorial Berland and Grass6, 1951, in Grasse, Guinea; Zaire. Traite Zool. 10 (2): 1163 (nest). - van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: Genus Belonogaster de Saussure 6, 7 (tabidus; taxonomy; ethology); 1968, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. C Belonogaster de Saussure, 1854, ltt. Fam. Biol. Med. Sci. 71: 417, fig. 3a (tabidus; Vesp. 2: 235, genus, replacement name morphology). - Richards, 1969, Mem. for Raphigaster de Saussure, 1853. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Type species: Vespa juncea Fabricius, adenensis adenensis Giordani Soika 1781, by subsequent designation of Belonogaster abyssinicus adenensis Giordani Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. India, Soika, 1957, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Exp. Hym. 1: 468. S. W. Arabia 1937-38, 1 (31): 484, fe- Raphigaster de Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. male, male - "Western Aden Protector- Vesp. 2: 12, genus (7 species). Non ate: Jebel Jihaf, 7100 ft" (holotype fe- Raphigaster Laporte, 1832. male London); 1973, Boll. Mus. Civ. Belenogaster Walker, 1871, List Hym. Col- Stor. Nat. Venezia 24: 47. lected by J. K. Lord, Egypt and Arabia Belonogaster adenensis adenensis; Richards, etc. (London): 39; Kirby, 1881, Proc. 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- Zool. Soc. London: 649. Incorrect spell- mol. 44: 40, 46 (key), 99, fig. 77 (distr.); ing of Belonogaster de Saussure. 1985 (1984), Fauna Saudi Arabia 6: 436, Lit.: Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. 437 (key), 438 (distr.). Hist.) Entomol. 44: 31-114 (revision). - DISTRIBUTION: Yemen. Hensen and Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 11-31 adenensis somaliensis Richards (revision of Mal- Belonogaster adenensis somaliensis Rich- agasy species). - Gadagkar, 1991, in Bull. Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: ards, 1982, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 149-190 (ethology). Entomol. 44: 40, 46 (key), 100, female, male - "Somali Republic" (holotype female London); also from Ethiopia. Species list DISTRIBUTION: Somalia; Ethiopia. ambiko Hensen and Blommers abyssinica du Buysson Belonogaster ambiko Hensen and Blommers, Raphigasterjunceus var. de Saussure, 1853, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 12 (key), Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: pl. 2 fig. 2. 14, figs. 5-6, male - "Madagascar; (Ta- Belonogaster abyssinicus du Buysson, 1906, mat.); P6rinet; 950 m; 48016E, 18°56S" Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1906: 190, (Leiden). female, male - "Abyssinie" (lectotype DISTRBUTION: Madagascar. female Paris); 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 214, 223, 263, pl. 4 fig. apicalis de Saussure 4, pl. 5 fig. 6 (ethology). - von Schul- Belonogaster apicalis de Saussure, 1900, thess, 1912, Soc. Entomol. 27: 42 (com- Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 pared to B. atratus n. sp.); 1913, Mitt. (2): 207 (key), 208, female - "Mada- Zool. Mus. Berlin 6 (3): 338. Be- gascar" (lectotype Geneve). - Dalla Tor- quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. re, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 39: 328 (cat.). - Scott, 1933, Ann. Mag. (cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Nat. Hist. 12: 120 (Ethiopia; Eritrea). - Entomol. France 78 (2): 214, 230 (ethol- Giordani Soika, 1939, Atti Mus. Civ. ogy). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Stor. Nat. Trieste 14 (11): 170 (distr.); Nat. Hist. 39: 329 (cat.). - Richards, 1940, Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Trieste 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- 14 (18): 286 (distr.). - Richards, 1982, mol. 44: 47(key), 105, figs. 85-86 (des- Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: ignation of lectotype; distr.). - Hensen 40, 44-45 (key), 96, fig. 71 (abyssinica; and Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. designation of lectotype; distr.). 130: 14 (key), 15. DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. arabica Giordani Soika acaulis Richards Belonogaster grisea arabicus Giordani Soi- Belonogaster acaulis Richards, 1982, Bull. ka, 1957, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Exp. S. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 34 W. Arabia 1937-38, 1 (31): 484, - female, (key), 61, fig. 18, female "South Af- male - "Western Aden Protectorate: rica: Natal National Park" (London). Dhala, 4800-5500 ft. "(holotype female DISTRIBUrION: South Africa. London); also from other localities; 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 71

1973, Boll. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Venezia Belonogaster malagassus de Saussure, 1900, 24: 47. Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 Belonogaster arabica; Richards, 1982, Bull. (2): 207 (key), 210, female - "Mada- Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 40, gascar" (lectotype Geneve). - Dalla Tor- 45 (key), 96, figs. 72-73 (distr.).; 1985 re, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (1984), Fauna Saudi Arabia 6: 436, 437 (malagassa; cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, (key), 438 (distr.). Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 214, DISTRIBUTION: Yemen; Saudi Arabia. 230. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. atrata von Schulthess Nat. Hist. 39: 335 (cat.). - Richards, Belonogaster atratus von Schulthess, 1912, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- Soc. Entomol. 27: 41, female -- "Wes- mol. 44: 110 (?syn. of eumenoides de tafrika, Uelleburg" (lectotype Zurich); Saussure). - Hensen and Blommers, 1913, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 6 (3): 337, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 16 (des- fig. 1 (female). - Richards, 1982, Bull. ignation of lectotype; syn. of bicolor). Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 34 Belonogaster malagassus var. de Saussure, (key), 59 (atrata; designation of lecto- 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. type). 26 (2): 210. DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon. Belonogaster prasinus var. bicolor; du Buys- son, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France aurata Richards 78 (2): 229. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Belonogaster aurata Richards, 1982, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 336 (cat.). Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 34 DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. (key), 59, fig. 14, female - "Nigeria: Lagos" (London). bimaculata Richards DISTRIBUTION: Nigeria. Belonogaster bimaculata Richards, 1982, barbata Richards Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Belonogaster barbata Richards, 1982, Bull. 37, 45 (key), 78, figs. 49-50, female, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 39 male - "Zambia: Abercorn" (holotype (key), 92, fig. 66, female - "Congo: female London); also from 6 other lo- Voka" (Paris). calities in Zambia. DISTRIBUTION: Congo. DISTRIBUTION: Zambia. betsileo Hensen and Blommers brachystoma Kohl Belonogaster brevipetiolata; Richards, 1982, Belonogaster brachystomus Kohl, 1894 Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 101, fig. 80 (male) [partim]. 9: 322 (key), 326, 334, pl. 15 fig. 78, pl. Belonogaster betsileo Hensen and Blom- 17 fig. 136, female, male - "Ostafrika mers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 12 Delagoa-Bay" (lectotype male Wien). - (key), 15, figs. 7-8, male - "Betsileo, Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 Madagascar" (London). (brachystoma; cat.); 1904, Genera Insec- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. torum 19: 80 (brachystoma; cat.). - du bicolor de Saussure Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belonogaster bicolor de Saussure, 1900, France 78 (2): 217, 219, 252, 265. - von Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 Schulthess, 1914, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. (2): 207 (key), 208, female - "Mada- 1914: 290 (compared to B. rothkirchi n. gascar" (lectotype Geneve). - Dalla Tor- sp.). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. re, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 Nat. Hist. 39: 329 (cat.). - Giordani Soi- (cat.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. ka, 1961, S. Afr. Anim. Life 8: 450 (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 47 (key), 104 (distr.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (designation of lectotype; distr.). - Hen- (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 39, 41 (key), sen and Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. En- 68, figs. 33-34 (brachystoma; distr.). tomol. 130: 12 (key), 16, fig. 10 (syn.: DISTRIBUTION: Zambia; Zimbabwe; Tanzania malagassus de Saussure; distr.). (including Zanzibar); Malawi; Mozam- 72 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

bique; South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal, (= Congo River)] (unique Leiden). - Transvaal). Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hof- mus. Wien 9: - brevipedolata de 334. Dalla Torre, 1894, Saussure Cat. Hym. 9: 114 (brunea [!]; cat. [er- Belonogaster brevipetiolatus de Saussure, recorded from 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar roneously "Austr., New 20, Guinea"]). - Gribodo, 1895, Mem. R. Hym. 1: 89 (key), 98, pl. 4 fig. 1, Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 5: 335. - Dalla female, male - "Madagascar. - Fian- Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 arantsoa (pays des Betsileo.) et environs recorded d'Andgrangoloaka (a la limite (brunea [!]; cat.; from "Unter- est de la Guinea"). - du Buysson, 1909, Ann province d'Imerina) ... Cote sud ... Soc. Entomol. France 78 Nosibe" (Geneve). - Kohl, 1894 (1893), (2): 217, 219, Ann. 245, 264, pL. 6 fig. 2 (male; ethology); Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 321, 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. 323 (key), 334, pl. 15 fig. 83, pl. 16 figs. Res. Ins. 95, 99, 120. - Or., Sci., Hym. 3, Vesp.: 162. Gribodo, 1894, in Emery - Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 226. - Be- et al., Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 4: 123. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 39: 234, 329 (cat.; syn.: B. distinguendus 9: 114 - de (brevipetiolata; cat.). Saus- Kohl). - Salt and Bequaert, 1929, Psy- sure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. che 36: 262 record of Ges. - (distr.; stylopized 26 (2): 207 (key). Dalla Tonre, specimen). - Bequaert, 1938, Explor. 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (brevi- Parcs Nation. petiolata; cat.). -- du Buysson, 1909, Congo Belge Miss. G. E Ann. de Witte (1933-1935) 11: 8, 9, 10 Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 214, (distr.). - Benoit, 1956, Ann. Mus. R. 227, 263, pl. 6 fig. 1 (ethology). - Be- Congo Belge 8 (Sci. Zool.) 51: 552 quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. (distr.). 39: 329 (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1968, Proc. K. Ned. Belonogaster distinguendus Kohl, 1894 Akad. Wet. Ser. C Biol. (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien Med. Sci. 71: fig. 4d (brevipetiolata; 9: 322, 323 (key), morphology). - Richards, 1982, Bull. 328, 335, pl. 15 figs. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 33, 79-81, 94, pl. 16 fig. 98, pl. 17 fig. 141, 46 (key), 101, fig. 79 (brevipetiolata; female, male - "Westafrika: Chutes de - Samlia, Riv. N. Gamio, Mocquereys nest; distr.) [partim, not male]. Hensen " and Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. Grand Bana . . (lectotype male Wien). 130: 12 (key), 16, figs. 11, 12 (brevi- - Dalla TonTe, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 petiolata; compared to B. erythroceph- (distinguenda; cat.); 1904, Genera Insec- ala n. sp.; distr.). torum 19: 80 (distinguenda; cat.). -- DISTRIBUrION: Madagascar. Schulz, 1905, Hym. Studien: 15. - Be- quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. brevitarsus Richards 39: 329 (syn. of B. brunneus Ritsema). Belonogaster brevitarsus Richards, 1982, - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Hist.) Entomol. 44: 64 (designation of 35, 39, 42 (key), 92, figs. 67, 68, male, lectotype; marked as "Syn. n."). female - "Uganda: Mabira forest, Belonogaster brunnea brunnea; Richards, Chagwe, 3500-3800 ft, [1070-1160 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- ml" (holotype male London); also from mol. 44: 38, 41-43 (key), 64, figs. 23- two other localities in Uganda; and Ke- 25 (distr.). nya; Zaire; Rwanda. DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ghana; DISTRIBUTION: Uganda; Kenya; Rwanda; Nigenia; Bioko; Gabon; Congo; Zaire; Zaire. Rwanda; Burundi. brunnea brunnea Ritsema brunnea nigriclava Richards Belonogaster brunneus Ritsema, 1874, Belonogaster brunnea nigriclava Richards, Tijdschr. Entomol. 17: 177, 202, female 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- - "Neder-Guinea" [labeled '"Congo'" mol. 44: 38, 43 (key), 66, figs. 26-27, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDINI 73

male, female - "Uganda: Mt Kokan- (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 67 (designa- jero, SW. Mt Elgon, 6400 ft [1950m]" tion of lectotype). (holotype male London); also from 12 Belonogaster clypeata clypeata; Richards, other localities in Uganda; and Kenya; 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- Zambia; Malawi; Tanzania; Zaire. mol. 44: 34, 41 (key), 67, figs. 28-31 DISTRIBUTION: Uganda; Kenya; Zaire; Tan- (distr.). zania; Zambia; Malawi. DISTRIBUTION: Uganda; Tanzania (including Zanzibar); Zaire; Malawi; Zambia; Zim- brunnescens Richards babwe; Mozambique; South Africa Belonogaster brunnescens Richards, 1982, (Transvaal, Kwazulu-Natal, Western Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Cape). 38, 45 (key), 70, male, female - "Zim- babwe: Mashonaland" (holotype male clypeata fuscata Richards London); also from Ethiopia; Gabon; Belonogaster clypeata fuscata Richards, Congo; Zaire; Zimbabwe; Zambia; Ke- 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- nya; Uganda; Mozambique; Malawi; mol. 44: 34, 41 (key), 67, female, male Tanzania (Zanzibar); South Africa - "Uganda: Ankole-Toro border, east of (Transvaal). Lake George, 4500 ft [1370 m]" (ho- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; Kenya; Uganda; lotype female London); also from five Tanzania (including Zanzibar); Congo; other localities in Uganda; and Zambia; Zaire; Gabon; Malawi; Zambia; Zimba- Angola; Zaire. bwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Trans- DISTRIBUTION: Uganda; Zaire; Zambia; An- vaal). gola. dayi Hensen and Blommers clypeata clypeata Kohl Belonogaster dayi Hensen and Blommers, Belonogaster clypeatus Kohl, 1894 (1893), 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 12 (key), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 321 16, figs. 9, 36, 37, 42, male, female - (key), 328, 335, pl. 15 figs. 88, 91, pl. "Madagascar: Tamat.; P6rinet" (holo- 17 figs. 124, 144, 149, female, male - type female London); also from 3 other "Deutsch-Mozambique" (lectotype localities in Madagascar; nest is also male Wien); also from Madagascar [er- noted. ror]. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. 114 (clypeata; cat.). - Stadelmann, 1898, Deutsch Ost-Afrika 4, Hym.: 35. discifera Hensen and Blommers - von Schulthess, 1899, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Belonogaster discifera Hensen and Blom- Sci. Nat. (4) 35: 269 (distr.). - Dalla Tor- mers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 14 re, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (cly- (key), 18, figs. 13, 14, male, female - peata; cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. "Rep. Malgache, Manjakandriana, Man- Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 217, 219, draka, 1300 m" (holotype male Amster- 244, 264, pl. 2 figs. 9, 10, pl. 5 figs. 1, dam); also from other locality in Mad- 2 (ethology); 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et agascar. - Wenzel, 1991, in Ross and Jeannel Afr. Or., Res. Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 506 (nest). Vesp.: 162. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 329 (cat.). - Schou- dubia Kohl teden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 185 Belonogaster dubius Kohl, 1894 (1893), (distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1935, Mem. Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 322, Estud. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra (1) 82: 323 (key), 329, 335, pl. 15 figs. 79, 80, 14 (distr.). - Bequaert, 1938, Explor. 94, pl. 16 fig. 100, pl. 18 fig. 145, fe- Parcs Nation. Congo Belge Miss. G. F. male, male - "Ostafrika: Dar es Sa- de Witte (1933-1935) 11: 9 (distr.). - laam" (lectotype male Wien). - Dalla Guiglia, 1940, Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 (dubia; Agrar. Fac. Agrar. Portici 31: 278 cat.). - Stadelmann, 1898, Deutsch Ost- (distr.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. Afrika 4, Hym.: 35 - Dalla Torre, 1904, 74 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (dubia; cat.). Hist.) Entomol. 44: 54 (designation of - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. lectotype; marked as "Syn. n."). France 78 (2): 215, 219, 235, 263 (ethol- DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea; Li- ogy). - Roubaud, 1910, C. R. Acad. Sci. beria; COte d'Ivoire; Ghana; Niger; Ni- Paris 151: 553-556 (ethology). - von geria; Bioko; Congo; Zaire; Uganda; Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Ber- Rwanda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; lin 6 (3): 338; 1913, Ark. Zool. 8 (17): Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozam- 14 (syn.: B. massaicus Cameron). - du bique; South Africa (Transvaal, Buysson, 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jean- Kwazulu-Natal). nel Afr. Or., Res. Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, erythrocephala Hensen and Blommers Vesp.: 161. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Belonogaster brevipetiolata; de Saussure, Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 235 (key), 236 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. 330 - Madagascar (ethology), (cat.). Schouteden, 20, Hym. 1: 98, pl. 4 fig. 1 [partim]. - 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 184 (distr.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. von Schulthess; 1929, Rev. Zool. Bot. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 101, fig. 79, female Afr. 17 (2): 187 (distr.). - Salt and Be- [partim]. quaert, 1929, Psyche 36: 262 (record of Belonogaster erythrocephala Hensen and stylopized specimen). - Bequaert, 1938, Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. Explor. Parcs Nation. Congo Belge 130: 12 (key), 19, figs. 15, 16, male, fe- Miss. G. F. de Witte (1933-1935) 11: 8, male - "Rep. Malgache, Nosy Be, Dza- 9, 10 (distr.). - Guiglia, 1940, Boll. Lab. mandzar" (holotype male Amsterdam); Zool. Gen. Agrar. Fac. Agrar. Portici 31: also from two other localities in Mada- 279 (distr.). - Marino Piccioli, 1968, gascar. Monit. Zool. Ital. (n. ser.) 2, Suppl.: 203 DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. (ethology). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 35, 38, eumenoides de Saussure 43 (key), 53, figs. 10, 11 (dubia; desig- Belonogaster eumenoides de Saussure, 1890, nation of lectotype; syn.: B. occidentalis in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Tullgren, B. massaicus Cameron; distr.). Hym. 1: 89 (key), 94, pl. 17 fig. 12, fe- - Kojima and Keeping, 1988, Kontyd, male - "Madagascar... aux environs 56: 817 (dubia; larva). d'AndrangoloakV" (lectotype Geneve); Belonogaster saevus var. de Saussure, 1890, also from another locality. - Dalla Torre, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 (cat.). - Kohl, Hym. 1: 92, in footnote (female). 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Belenogaster [!] occidentalis Tullgren, 1904, Wien 9: 335. - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Ark. Zool. 1: 455, pl. 25, fig. 14, female, Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 207 male - (key), 209. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera [Cameroon] "Itoki" (lectotype Insectorum 19: 80 (cat.). - du Buysson, male Stockholm); also from Bonge, Ek- Ann undu; - 1909, Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): Tanzania: Dar-es-Salaam. Be- 215, 234, 263, 4 6 quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. pl. fig. (male; ethol- 39: ogy). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. 336 (syn. of B. saevus de Saussure). Nat. Hist. 39: 330 (syn.: pomicolor - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. de Hist.) Saussure, ornatus de Saussure; cat.). - Entomol. 44: 54 (Belonogaster; Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. designation of lectotype). Hist.) Entomol. 44: 47 (key), 110, figs. Belonogaster massaicus Cameron, 1910, in 91, 92 (designation of lectotype; ?syn.: Sjostedt, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. malagassus de Saussure; distr.) [partim]. Exp. Kilimandjaro 2 (8), Hym. 6: 171, - Hensen and Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. female - "Kilimandjaro: Kibonoto Entomol. 130: 14 (key), 20, figs. 2, 17- 1000-1200 m" [Tanzania] (lectotype 19, 43 (female, male; nest; distr.). Stockholm). - von Schulthess, 1913, ?Belonogaster pictus de Saussure, 1900, Ark. Zool. 8 (17): 14 (syn. of B. dubius). Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. (2): 207 (key) [Junior primary hom- 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 75

onym of Belonogaster pictus Kohl, Gribodo, 1895, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. 1894]. Bologna (5) 5: 335. - Dalla Torre, 1904, DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (cat.). - du facialis du Buysson Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belonogaster facialis du Buysson, 1908, France 78 (2): 216-217, 257. - Be- Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1908: 65, fe- quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. male - "Afrique orientale anglaise: 39: 330 (cat.; "perhaps a variety of B. Boura, Wa-Tafta" [Kenya] (lectotype griseus (Fabricius)"). - Richards, 1982, Paris); also from Senegal; and Congo; Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 40, 45 (key), 100, fig. 78 (distr.); 1985 215, 238; 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jean- (1984), Fauna Saudi Arabia 6: 436, 437 nel Afr. Or., R6s. Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, (key), 438 (dist.). Vesp.: 161. - von Schulthess, 1913, Ark. DISTRIBUTION: Saudi Arabia. Zool. 8 (17): 14 (syn.: sex-maculatus filivenris (de Saussure) Cameron). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Raphigasterfiliventris de Saussure, 1853, Et. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 330 (cat.). - Rich- Fam. Vesp. 2: 16, pl. 2 fig. 5, female - ards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) "Le Senengal?" (Paris). - Dalla Torre, Entomol. 44: 34, 44 (key), 80, figs. 51- 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 (Rhaphigas- 53 (designation of lectotype; distr.). ter[!]). DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Congo; Kenya; Belonogaster filiventris; Smith, 1857, Cat. Uganda; Tanzania (including Zanzibar); Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 94 (cat.). -- Dalla Tor- Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique; South re, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 (cat.), 116 Africa (Kwazulu-Natal). (?syn. of B. longistyla). - Kohl, 1894 fanemitra Hensen and Blommers (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien Belonogaster fanemitra Hensen and Blom- 9: 335. - Gribodo, 1894, in Emery et al., mers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 14 Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: (key), 22, figs. 20, 38, 39, male, female 123; 1895, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bolo- - "Madagascar, Sambirano, Manonga- gna (5) 5: 335. - Bingham, 1903, Ann. rivo, 1150 m" (holotype female Paris); Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 12: 47, 68. - Dalla also from other locality in Madagascar. Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. (cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 216, 218, 241, ferruginea Richards 264, pl. 4 fig. 1, pl. 6 fig. 3 (male; ethol- Belonogaster ferruginea Richards, 1982, ogy); 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Afr. Or., Res. Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, Vesp.: 36 (key), 52, female - "Grande Co- 162. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. more: La Grille (Guiri), 850-900 m" Nat. Hist. 39: 331 (cat.; syn.: B. braunsii (Paris). Kohl, B. kohli Schulz, B. gracilis Cam- DISTRIBUTION: Comoros. eron). - Salt, 1927, Psyche 34: 185 filiformis (de Saussure) (distr.; record of stylopized specimen). - Raphigasterfiliformis de Saussure, 1853, Itt. von Schulthess, 1928, Senckenbergiana Fam. Vesp. 2: 18, pI. II fig. 4, female - 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). - Salt and Bequaert, "Djidda en Arabie" (lectotype Paris). - 1929, Psyche 36: 262 (record of stylop- Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 94 ized specimen). - Bequaert, 1938, Ex- (syn. of Belonogaster macilentus (Fabri- plor. Parcs Nation. Congo Belge Miss. cius)). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. G. F. de Witte (1933-1935) 11: 9 (distr.). 9: 114 (Rhaphigaster[!]). - Richards, - Giordani Soika, 1961, S. Afr. Anim. 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- Life 8: 450 (distr.). - Marino Piccioli, mol. 44: 100 (designation of lectotype). 1968, Monit. Zool. Ital. (n. ser.) 2, Belonogaster filiformis; Kohl, 1894 (1893), Suppl.: 203-206 (ethology). - Richards, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 335. - 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114. - mol. 44: 36, 42 (key), 75, figs. 45-47 76 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

(syn.: B. gracilis Cameron, B. sexma- neve). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. culatus Cameron, B. buyssoni Meade- Nat. Hist. 39: 331 (cat.). - Richards, Waldo; distr.). 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- Belonogaster gracilis Cameron, 1910, in mol. 44: 39, 44 (key), 69, fig. 37 (syn.: Sj6stedt, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. indicus var. claripennis; distr.). Exp. Kilimandjaro 2 (8), Hym. 6: 173, Belonogaster indicus var. claripennis du female - "Kilimandjaro: Kibonoto, cul- Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. tivated zone, 1300-1900 m" [Tanzania] France 78 (2): 217, 219, 259, pl. 4 fig. (lectotype Stockholm). - von Schul- 9, female, male - "Afrique orientale al- thess, 1913, Ark. Zool. 8 (17): 14 (syn. lemande: Kigonsera; Ouganda" [Tanza- of B. filiventris (de Saussure)). - Rich- nia] (holotype female Paris). - Bequaert, ards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 333 Entomol. 44: 76 (designation of lecto- (cat.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. type; marked as "Syn. n."). (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 69 (syn. of B. Belonogaster sexmaculatus Cameron, 1910, freyi du Buysson). in Sjostedt, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. DISTRIBUTION: Zaire; Kenya; Tanzania; Zam- Exp. Kilimandjaro 2 (8), Hym. 6: 174, bia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Botswana; male - "Kilimandjaro: Kibonoto, culti- South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal, Free vated zone" [Tanzania] (Stockholm). - State, Transvaal). von Schulithess, 1913, Ark. Zool. 8 (17): 14 (syn. of B. facialis du Buysson). - fuscipennis du Buysson Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Belonogaster griseus var. fuscipennis du Hist.) Entomol. 44: 76 (syn. of B. fili- Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. ventris (de Saussure)). France 78 (2): 251, 264, female, male - Belonogaster buyssoni Meade-Waldo, 191 1, "Congo fran9ais: Haute Sanga" (lecto- Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 99, female type female Paris). - Bequaert, 1918, - "Iganga Busoga, S. Nigeria" (Lon- Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 332 (cat.). don). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. - Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: Nat. Hist. 39: 329 (cat.; "Probably a 186 (distr.). - von Schulthess, 1928, synonym of B. pusillus Kohl"); 1928, Senckenbergiana 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 2: 173 (the Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. type is from Uganda, not S. Nigeria, as Hist.) Entomol. 44: 86 (designation of stated by error in the original descrip- lectotype). tion). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. Belonogaster fuscipennis; Richards, 1982, (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 76 (syn. of B. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: filiventris (de Saussure)). 39 (key), 86 (distr.). DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; Nigeria; Cameroon; DISTRIBUTION: Congo; Zaire; Sudan. Zaire; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; An- grisea (Fabricius) gola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mo- Vespa grisea Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ento- zambique; South Africa (Kwazulu-Na- mol.: 372 - "Sierra Leon Africae" (ho- tal, Transvaal, Western Cape). lotype female London); 1781, Spec. In- flava Richards sectorum 1: 468; 1787, Mant. Insecto- Belonogasterflava Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. rum 1: 293. - Gmelin, 1790, Syst. Nat., Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 36 (key), ed 13, 1 (5): 2753. - Olivier, 1792, En- 75, figs. 43, 44, female - "Uganda: Bu- cycl. M6thod. Insectes 6: 672. - Fabri- dongo Forest, Unyoro, 3400 ft [1040 cius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 279. ml" (London); also from Cameroon. Sphex grisea; Christ, 1791, Naturg. Insek- DISTRIBUTION: Uganda; Cameroon. ten.: 313. Eumenes grisea; Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: freyi du Buysson 286. Belonogaster freyi du Buysson, 1909, Ann. Raphigaster rufipennis; de Saussure, 1853, Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 217 (key), Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 15, pl. 2 fig. 6, (fe- 255, female - "Afrique australe" (Ge- male) [Misidentification of Sphex rufi- 19971997KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 77

pennis DeGeer]. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Schulthess, 1912, Wiss. Ergebn. D. Z. Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (Rhaphigaster [!]; syn Afrik. Exp., (1907-08), 4, Lf. 10: 291; of B. grisea). 1912, Soc. Entomol. 27: 41 (compared Belonogaster rufipennis; Smith, 1857, Cat. to B. atratus n. sp.); 1913, Mitt. Zool. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 93. - Saunders, 1872, Mus. Berlin 6 (3): 339; 1914, Dtsch. En- Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 1872: tomol. Z. 1914: 288. - du Buysson, 36 (record of stylopized specimen). - 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Afr. Radoszkowski, 1876, Horae Soc. Ento- Or., Res. Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, Vesp.: 162. mol. Ross. 12, 2: 141; 1881, J. Sci. - Roubaud, 1916, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Math. Phys. Nat. Acad. Lisbon 8 (31): (10), 1, 1: 110, 139 (ethology). - Be- 203. - Fox, 1891, Entomol. News 2: 42. quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. -- Schletterer, 1891, Ann. Soc. Entomol. 39: 236 (key), 237, 331 (cat.; distr.; syn.: Belg. 35: 28. - Distant, 1892, A Natu- B. macilenta (Fabricius), B. linearis ralist in the Transvaal: 210. - Gribodo, (Olivier), B. rufipennis (de Saussure), B. 1894, in Emery et al., Mem. R. Accad. pictus Kohl, B. erythrospilus Cameron, Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 123 (rufipennis?). - B. fulvipennis de Saussure). - Schoute- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 den, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 185 (distr.). (syn. of B. grisea). - Gribodo, 1895, - von Schulthess, 1922, Dtsch. Entomol. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 5: Z.: 400 (distr.); 1928, Senckenbergiana 335. -- du Buysson, 1898, Ann. Soc. 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.); 1929, Rev. Zool. Entomol. France 66, 2-3: 362. [Misiden- Bot. Afr. 17 (2): 187 (distr.). - Salt and tification of Sphex rufipennis DeGeer]. - Bequaert, 1929, Psyche 36: 262 (record Dalla Tonre, 1904, Genera Insectorum of stylopized specimen). - Bequaert, 19: 80 (syn. of B. grisea). - Salt and 1933, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 117 Bequaert, 1929, Psyche 36: 263 (syn. of (distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1935, Mem. B. griseus (Fabr.); record of stylopized Estud. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra (1) 82: specimen). 13 (distr.). - Bequaert, 1938, Explor. Belonogaster griseus; Smith, 1857, Cat. Parcs Nation. Congo Belge Miss. G. F Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 94 (cat.). - Saunders, de Witte (1933-1935) 11: 8, 9, 10 1872, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London (distr.). - Guiglia, 1938, Ann. Mus. Civ. 1872: 36 (record of stylopized speci- Stor. Nat. Genova 58: 182 (distr.); 1939, men). - Radoszkowski, 1881, J. Sci. Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 17: 192 Math. Phys. Nat. Acad. Lisboa 8 (31): (distr.); 1940, Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. 203. - Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturh- Agrar. Fac. Agrar. Portici 31: 279 ist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 335. - Gribodo, (var.?). - FitzGerald, 1940, Proc. R. En- 1894, in Emery et al., Mem. R. Accad. tomol. Soc. London Ser. A Gen. Ento- Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 123. - Dalla Tonre, mol. 15: 35 (distr.). - Berland and Gras- 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (grisea; cat.; se, 1951, in Grasse, Trait6 Zool. 10 (2): syn.: Vespa macilenta Fabricius, B. ru- fig. 1008-1. - Benoit, 1956, Ann. Mus. fipennis de Saussure). - Magretti, 1898, R. Congo Belge 8 (Sci. Zool.) 51: 552 Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova (2), 19: 37. - (distr.). - Marino Piccioli, 1968, Monit. Bingham, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ital. (n. ser.) 2, Suppl.: 203 (ethol- (7) 12: 47. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera ogy). - Marino Piccioli and Pardi, 1970, Insectorum 19: 80 (grisea; cat.; as Monit. Zool. Ital. (n. ser.) 3, Suppl.: 197 1894). - von Schulthess, 1907, Voeltz- (ethology.). - Pardi and Marino Piccioli, kow, Reise in Ostafrika 1903-1905, 1970, Monit. Zool. Ital. (n. ser.) 3, Wiss. Ergebn. 2 (2): 64. - du Buysson, Suppl. (11): 235 (ethology). - Pardi, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 1977, Boll. Inst. Entomol. Univ. Bolo- 217, 218, 247, 264, pl. 2 figs. 11-12, pl. gna 33: 281 (ethology). - Marino Pic- 4 fig. 8, pI. 5 fig. 3 (male; ethology). - cioli and Pardi, 1978, Monit. Zool. Ital. Cameron, 1910, Ann. Transvaal Mus. 2, (n. ser.) 10, Suppl.: 179 (ethology). - 3: 155. - Roubaud, 1910, C. R. Acad. Pardi and Marino Piccioli, 1981, Monit. Sci. Paris 151: 553 (ethology). - von Zool. Ital. (n. ser.) 14, Suppl. (9): 131 78 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

(ethology). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. of filiventris (de Saussure)). - Giordani Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 39, 45 Soika, 1961, S. Afr. Anim. Life 8: 450 (key), 87, fig. 62 (grisea; syn.: B. pictus (braunsi [!]; syn. offiliventris (de Saus- Kohl, B. griseus var. pallens du Buys- sure)). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. son, ?B. braunsii Kohl, B. erythrospilus (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 88 (?syn. of Cameron; distr.). - Jeanne et al., 1983, grisea). Zoomorphologie 103: 155, figs. 7, 12, Belonogaster griseus var. pallens du Buys- 18 (grisea; morphology). - Spradbery, son, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. 78 (2): 216, 250, 265, female, male - Wasps: 354, 355, 357 (grisea; colony "Dakar" (lectotype female Paris). -- population). - Jeanne, 1991, in Ross and Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 393 (gre- Hist. 39: 332 (cat.). - Schouteden, 1919, sea; ethology). - Ross and Carpenter, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 186 (distr.). - Rich- 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. Biol. ards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Wasps: 463 (grisea biology). - Down- Entomol. 44: 88 (designation of lecto- ing, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. type). Biol. Wasps: 549 (grisea; morphology). Belonogaster erythrospilus Cameron, 1910, - It6, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: in Sj6stedt, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. 20, 40, 104, 131, 132 (ethology). Exp. Kilimandjaro 2 (8), Hym. 6: 172, Belonogaster fulvipennis [!]; de Saussure, female, male - "Meru low lands, Ngare 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar na nyuki" [Tanzania] (lectotype male 20, Hym. 1: 87 footnote, 90 [misspelling Stockholm); also from Kilimandjaro and of rufipennis]. - Kohl, 1894 (1893), Usambara. - von Schulthess, 1913, Ark. Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 335. - Zool. 8 (17): 14 (syn. of grisea). - Be- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 quaert, 1933, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 117 (perhaps color form of griseus). - (cat.). Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Belonogasterpictus Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 88 (designation of Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 320, 323 lectotype, listed as both female and (key), 324, 337, pl. 16 fig. 118, pl. 18 male; ?syn. of B. grisea). figs. 142, 146, 152, 156, female, male - DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; "Camerun"; (lectotype female Wien); Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ghana; also from other localities. - Dalla Torre, Nigeria; Chad; Sudan; Cameroon; Bio- 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (picta; cat); ko; Gabon; Central African Republic; 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (picta; Congo; Zaire; Uganda; Rwanda; Burun- cat.). - Tullgren, 1904, Ark. Zool. 1: 454 di; Kenya; Tanzania (including (Belenogaster [!]). - Cameron, 1906, Zanzibar); Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Trans. S. Afr. Philos. Soc. 16 (4): 327. Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; - Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 321. - South Africa (Transvaal, Kwazulu-Na- Maidl, 1913, Sitz. Ber. K. Akad. Wiss. tal, Western Cape); Swaziland. Wien, Math. Naturw. K1. 122 (4), Abt. 1: 560. - Zavattari, 1909, Il Ruwenzori, guenni (de Saussure) Parte Scientif. 1, Zool.: 211. - Richards, Raphigaster guerini de Saussure, 1853, 1Et. 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- Fam. Vesp. 2: 17, pl. 2 fig. 3, female - mol. 44: 88 (designation of lectotype). "Madagascar" (Genova). - Dalla Torre, ?Belonogaster braunsii Kohl, 1894 (1893), 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (Rhaphigaster Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 323 (key), 331, 334, female - "Stidafrika: Belonogaster guerini; Smith, 1857, Cat. Port Natal" (type depository unknown). Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 91 (cat.). - de Saus- - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 sure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Mada- (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 gascar 20, Hym. 1: 89 (key), 91 (male). - (braunsi [!]; cat.). Bequaert, 1918, - Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 331 (syn. Hofmus. Wien 9: 335. - Dalla Torre, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 79

1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (guerinii [!]; nation of lectotype; distr.). - Hensen and cat.). - Gribodo, 1894, in Emery et al., Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 130: 14 (key), 23 (sexes associated by 123. - von Schulthess, 1899, Bull. Soc. Richards doubtfully conspecific). Vaudoise Sci. Nat. (4), 35: 269 (distr.). DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 207 (key), 208. hirsuta Richards - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Belonogaster hirsuta Richards, 1982, Bull. 19: 80 (cat.). - von Schulthess, 1907, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 41 Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostafrika 1903- (key), 55, male - "Tanzania: Mahali 1905, Wiss. Ergebn. 2 (2): 65. - du peninsula, Kungwe Camp" (London). Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania. France 78 (2): 214, 225, pl. 5 figs. 8-14 indica de Saussure (ethology; distr. erroneous). - Bequaert, Raphigaster indicus de Saussure, 1853, ltt. 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 332 Fam. Vesp. 2: 17, female - "Les Indes (cat.; distr. erroneous). - Salt and Be- Orientales. Bombay" (Paris). - Dalla quaert, 1929, Psyche 36: 262 (record of Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (Rhaphi- stylopized specimen). - Richards, 1982, gaster [!]). Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Belonogaster indicus; Smith, 1857, Cat. 46 (key), 102, fig. 81 (distr.). - Hensen Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 94 (cat.); 1871, J. and Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11: 378 (cat.). - 130: 12 (key), 23, fig. 44 (distr.; nest). de Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Madagascar 20, Hym. 1: 87. - Kohl, guichardi Richards 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Belonogaster guichardi Richards, 1982, Wien 9: 335. - Gribodo, 1894, in Emery Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: et al., Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 40, 44 (key), 94, fig. 70, male, female - 4: 123. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. "Oman: Dhofar, Ayun Pools, 700 m" 9: 115 (indica; cat.). - Gribodo, 1895, (holotype male London); also from two Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 5: 335 other localities in Oman; 1985 (1984), - Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. India, Hym. Fauna Saudi Arabia 6: 436, 437 (key), 1: 382, fig. 114 (female, male; distr.). - 438 (Oman). Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum DISTRIBUTION: Oman. 19: 80 (indica; cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): hildebrandti de Saussure 214, 258 (female). - Bequaert, 1918, Belonogaster hildebrandti de Saussure, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 333 (cat.). 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar - Berland and Grasse, 1951, in Grass6, 20, Hym. 1: 89 (key), 95, pl. 17 fig. 11, Traite Zool. 10 (2): 1152. - Richards, female, male - "Madagascar, region 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- centrale" (lectotype female Berlin). - mol. 44: 31, 35 (key), 58 (indica; rede- Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hof- scription of the type). - Das and Gupta, mus. Wien 9: 335. - Dalla Torre, 1894, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: 432 (in- Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (hildebrandtii [!]; dica; cat.); 1989, Orient. Insects Mon- cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senck- ogr. 11: 186 (key), 187, map 30 (indica; enb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 207 (key), distr.). 210. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insec- DISTRIBUTION: India. torum 19: 80 (cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 214, jordani Richards 232, pl. 4, fig. 5, pl. 5 figs. 5, 7 (ethol- Belonogaster jordani Richards, 1982, Bull. ogy). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 38 Nat. Hist. 39: 333 (cat.). - Richards, (key), 83, female - "Angola: Quirim- 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- bo" (London). mol. 44: 47 (key), 108, fig. 90 (desig- DISTRIBUTION: Angola. 80 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199 juncea colonialis Kohl (?London, Kiel). - Jurine, 1807, Nouv. Belonogaster colonialis Kohl, 1894 (1893), M6th. Class. Hym.: 172 (cinereus; fe- Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 320, male, male). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. 323 (key), 335, pl. 15 figs. 72, 84, pl. Hym. 9: 165 (syn. of B. juncea). 17 figs. 132, 139, female, male - "Os- Zethus guineensis; Fabricius, 1804, Syst. tafrika: Dar-es-Salaam" (lectotype male Piez.: 283. Wien). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. Zethus cinereus; Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 9: 114; 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 283. (cat.). - Fox, 1896, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Polistes cinerea; Latreille, 1809, Gen. Crus- Philadelphia 48: 555. - Stadelmann, ta. Insestes 4: 142. 1898, Dtsch. Ost-Afrika 4, Hym.: 35. - Raphigasterjunceus; de Saussure, 1853, lt. Bingham, 1909, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lon- Fam. Vesp. 2: 14, p1. 2 fig. 2 (female, don 19 (2): 181. - Zavattari, 1909, II male). - Dalla Tonfe, 1894, Cat. Hym. Ruwenzori, Parte Scientif. 1, Zool.: 210. 9: 115 (Rhaphigaster [!]). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Raphigaster guineensis; Smith, 1856, Trans. Hist. 39: 334 (syn. of B. juncea). - Gior- R. Entomol. Soc. London (2) 3, Proc.: dani Soika, 1961, S. Afr. Anim. Life 8: 129 (ethology). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. 451. - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. Hym. 9: 115 (Rhaphigaster [!]; syn of (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 48 (designa- B. juncea (Fabr.)). tion of lectotype). Belonogaster junceus; Smith, 1857, Cat. Belonogaster junceus var. colonialis; Be- Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 93 (cat.; syn.: Vespa quaert, 1938, Explor. Parcs Nation. Con- juncea Fabricius, Vespa Guineensis Fa- go Belge Miss. G. E de Witte (1933- bricius, Vespa cinerea Fabricius); 1859, 1935) 11: 9 (distr.). Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London (2) 5 Belonogaster juncea colonialis; Richards, (3): 130 (record of stylopized specimen). 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- - Gerstaecker, 1862, in Peters, Natur- mol. 44: 35, 44 (key), 48 (distr.). - wiss. Reise Mossambique, Hym.: 468; Keeping and Crewe, 1983, J. Entomol. 1871, Arch. Naturg. 38, 1: 351. - Walk- Soc. South. Africa 46: 309 (ethology.). er, 1871, List Hym. Egypt: 39. - Ger- - Kojima and Keeping, 1984, J. Ento- staecker, 1873, in v. d. Denken's Reisen mol. Soc. South Africa 48: 234-237 in Ost-Afrika 3, 2, Gliederth.: 324. - (larva). Ritsema, 1874, Tijdschr. Entomol. 17: DISTRIBUTION: Congo; Zaire; Uganda; Kenya; 177, 201, 210. - Magretti, 1884, Ann. Tanzania (including Zanzibar); Angola; Mus. Civ. Genova 21: 599 (ethology). - Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozam- Gribodo, 1884, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova bique; South Africa (Transvaal, Kwa- 21: 289. - Schletterer, 1891, Ann. Soc. zulu-Natal). Entomol. Belgique 35: 28. - von Schul- thess, 1893, Entomol. Nachr. 19: 18. - juncea juncea (Fabricius) Kohl, 1893 (1892), Jahrb. Hamburg. Vespa juncea Fabricius, 1781, Spec. Insec- Wiss. Anst. 10 (2): 186; 1894, Ann. Na- torum 1: 468 - "Africa aequinoctiali" turhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 336. - Gribo- (holotype female London); 1787, Mant. do, 1894, in Emery et al., Mem. R. Ac- Insectorum 1: 293. - Gmelin, 1790, cad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 123. - Dalla Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 1 (5): 2754. - Christ, Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (juncea; 1791, Naturg. Inseckten 6: 673. -- Oliv- cat.; syn.: Vespa juncea Fabricius, V. ier, 1792, Encycl. M6thod. Insectes 6: Guineensis Fabricius, V. cinerea Fabri- 673. cius). - Gribodo, 1895, Mem. R. Accad. ?Vespa guineensis Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Sci. Bologna (5) 5: 334. - Magretti, Syst. 2: 277 - "Guinea" (holotype fe- 1898, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova (2), 19: male Kiel). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. 36. - Stadelmann, 1898, Dtsch. Ost-Af- Hym. 9: 115 (syn of B. juncea). rika 4, Hym.: 35. - Bingham, 1903, Ann Vespa cinerea Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 12: 48. - Dalla Tor- Syst. 2: 279 - "Africa aequinoctiali" re, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80, pl. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 81

5, fig. 6 (juncea; cat.; as in 1894). - Tull- (1939), Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 17: 99 gren, 1904, Ark. Zool. 1: 453 (Beleno- (distr.); 1952 (1951), Riv. Biol. Colon. gaster [!]; ethology). - du Buysson, 11: 88 (distr.); 1961, S. Afr. Anim. Life 1908, in A. Chevalier, L'Afrique Centra- 8: 451 (Zambia; Zimbabwe; South Af- le Fran9aise: 707; 1909, Ann. Soc. En- rica: Transvaal). - Richards, 1969, Mem. tomol. France 78 (2): 213, 220, 263, pl. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 48: 87-93 (etholo- 2 figs. 1-7, pl. 3 figs. 1-7, pl. 4 figs. 3, gy). - Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and 12-13, pl. 5 fig. 4, pl. 7 fig. 2 (female, Matthews, Soc. Biol. Wasps: 354, 355 male; ethology). - Bingham, 1909, (juncea; colony population). - Ross and Trans. Zool. Soc. London 19, 2: 181. - Carpenter, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Roubaud, 1910, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Soc. Biol. Wasps: 463 (juncea; biology). 151: 553-556 (ethology). - Cameron, - It6, 1993, Behav. Soc. Evol. Wasps: 1910, Ann. Transvaal Mus. 2, 3: 156; 20 (juncea), 132 (juncus [!]; ethology). 1910, in Sjostedt, Wiss. Ergebn. Belonogasterjuncea juncea; Richards, 1982, Schwed. Zool. Exp. Kilimandjaro 2 (8), Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Hym. 6: 171. - Schulz, 1911, Zool. Ann. 35, 44 (key), 47, figs. 1-5 (?syn.: Vespa Wurzburg 4: 200. - von Schulthess, guineensis Fabricius; distr.). - Das and 1912, Wiss. Ergebn. D. Z. Afrik. Exp., Gupta, 1984 (1983), Orient. Insects 17: (1907-08), 4, Lf. 10: 291; 1912, Soc. 433 (cat.). - Richards, 1985 (1984), Fau- Entomol. 27: 41; 1913, Mitt. Zool. Mus. na Saudi Arabia 6: 426 (,. junceus), 436, Berlin 6 (3): 337; 1913, Ark. Zool. 8 437, 438, fig. 10 (key; distr.; list). - Das (17): 14. - Maidl, 1913, Sitz. Ber. K. and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insects Mon- Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturw. Ki. ogr. 11: 186 (key), 188, fig. 32, map 30. 122, Abt. 1 (4): 560. - von Schulthess, - Dejean and Turillazzi, 1992, Trop. 1914, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 1914: 288. - Zool. 5: 237-247 (trophobiosis with du Buysson, 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et homopterans). - Francescato et al., Jeannel Afr. Or., Res. Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, 1994, Ethol. Ecol. Evol. Spec. Issue 3: Vesp.: 160. - Roubaud, 1916, Ann. Sci. 53-56 (ethology). - Tindo et al., 1994, Nat. Zool. (10) 1 (1): 110-139 (etholo- in Lenoir et al., Insect. Soc.: 532 (ethol- gy). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. ogy). Nat. Hist. 39: 236 (key), 333 (syns: Ves- DISTRIBUTION: Libya; Senegal; Gambia; pa cinerea Fabricius, Raphigaster gui- Mali; Chad; Sudan; Guinea; Sierra Le- neensis (Smith), B. colonialis Kohl; cat.; one; Liberia; C6te d'Ivoire; Ghana, distr.). - Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Togo; Benin Republic; Nigeria; Came- Afr. 6: 184 (distr.; misidentified by von roon; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Gabon; Congo; Schulthess as abyssinicus). - von Schul- Zaire; Uganda; Rwanda; Kenya; Tanza- thess, 1922, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. nia; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Mozam- Wien, Math. Naturh. K1. 98 (6): 96 bique; South Africa; Saudi Arabia; In- (distr.). - Salt, 1927, Psyche 34: 185 dia. (distr.; record of stylopized specimen). - kelnerpillautae Richards von Schulthess, 1928, Senckenbergiana Belonogaster kelnerpillautae Richards, 1982, 10 (3/4): 95 (distr.); 1929, Rev. Zool. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Bot. Afr. 17 (2): 186 (distr.). - Salt and 36 (key), 77, female - "Congo: Dimon- Bequaert, 1929, Psyche 36: 262 (record ika" (Paris); also from other locality in of stylopized specimen). - Guiglia, 1932 Congo. (1931), Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 10: DISTRIBUTION: Congo. 118 (distr.). -- Bequaert, 1938, Explor. Parcs Nation. Congo Belge Miss. G. F. kohli Schulz de Witte (1933-1935) 11: 8, 9, 10 Belonogaster kohli Schulz, 1906, Spolia (distr.). - Guiglia, 1939, Mem. Soc. En- Hym.: 322, female - "Insel Fernando tomol. Ital. 18: 88; 1940, Boll. Lab. Po" [Malabo (Santa Isabel)] (London). Zool. Gen. Agrar. Fac. Agrar. Portici 31: - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 279 (distr.). - Giordani Soika, 1940 Hist. 39: 331 (syn. of B. filiventris (de 82 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Saussure)). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. 128, 131 (male). - Gribodo, 1894, in Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 35 (key), Emery et al., Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bo- 53, fig. 9 (Bioko, Congo, Uganda). logna (5) 4: 123. - Dalla Torre, 1894, DISTRIBUTION: Bioko; Congo; Uganda. Cat. Hym. 9: 114 (cat.). - Gribodo, 1895, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) latenitia Gerstaecker 5: 334. - Dtsch. lateritius Stadelmann, 1898, Ost- Belonogaster Gerstaecker, 1857, Afrika 4, Hym.: 35. - von Schulthess, Monatsber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Ber- 1899, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 35: lin 1857: female - (4), 463, "Mossambique" 269 (distr.). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera (Berlin); 1862, in Peters, Naturwiss. Re- Insectorum 19: 80 ise Mossambique, Hym.: 468, pl. 30 fig. (cat.). - Zavattari, 7. - Kohl, 1893 (1892), Jahrb. Hamburg. 1909, Il Ruwenzori, Parte Scientif. 1, Wiss. Anst. 10 (2): 186; 1894, Ann. Na- Zool.: 211, 271. - Richards, 1982, Bull. turhist. Hofimus. Wien 9: 336. - Gribo- Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 72 do, 1894, in Emery et al., Mem. R. Ac- (syn. of B. lateritia Gerstaecker). cad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 123. - Dalla Belonogaster agilis Kohl, 1893 (1892), Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (lateritia; Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 10 (2): cat.). - Gribodo, 1895, Mem. R. Accad. 187, figs. 1, 4, 9, 10, 15, female, male - Sci. Bologna (5) 5: 335. - Dalla Torre, "Ost-Afrika: Mbusini (Usegua)" [An- 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (later- gola] (lectotype male Wien); 1894, Ann. itia; cat.). - du Buysson, 1908, Resultats Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 321, 323 Scientif. in Voy. Afrique d'Ed. Fod: 593; (key), 327, 334, pl. 15 fig. 73, pl. 16 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): figs. 96, 115, pl. 17 figs. 134, 151, 155. 216, 218, 256, 264 (male; ethology). - - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 Hist. 39: 235 (key), 238, 334 (cat.). - (cat.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. Schouteden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 72 (designa- 186 (distr.). - von Schulthess, 1922, tion of lectotype; syn. of B. lateritia Dtsch. Entomol. Z.: 400 (distr.); 1923, Gerstaecker). in Michaelsen, Beitr. Kennt. Land- und Belonogasterfleckii Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Susswasserfauna Deutsch-Siidwestafri- Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 322 (key), kas 2 (2): 135 (distr.). - Bequaert, 1938, 332, 335, female - "Sudwestafrika: Da- Explor. Parcs Nation. Congo Belge maraland" (lectotype Wien). - Dalla Miss. G. F. de Witte (1933-1935) 11: Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (cat); 9 (distr.). - Guiglia, 1940, Atti Mus. Civ. 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (flecki Stor. Nat. Trieste 14 (19): 288. - Gior- [!]; cat.). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. dani Soika, 1961, S. Afr. Anim. Life 8: Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 334 (syn. of B. la- 450 (distr.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. teritius var. agilis Kohl). - Richards, Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 36, 37, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- 44 (key), 72, figs. 32, 38 (lateritia; syn.: mol. 44: 72 (designation of lectotype; B. elegans Gerstaecker, B. fleckii Kohl, syn. of B. lateritia Gerstaecker). B. agilis Kohl; distr.). - Jeanne et al., Belonogaster lateritius var. agilis; du Buys- 1983, Zoomorphologie 103: 155 (later- son, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France itia; morphology). 78 (2): 257. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Belonogaster elegans Gerstaecker, 1857, Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 334 (cat.; syn.: B. Monatsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin: 463, fleckii Kohl). female - "Mossambique" (type depos- Belonogaster lateritius var. elegans; du itory unknown); 1862, in Peters, Natur- Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. wiss. Reise Mossambique, Hym.: 469, France 78 (2): 257, 264. - Bequaert, pl. 30 fig. 8. - Kohl, 1893 (1892), Jahrb. 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 334 Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 10 (2): 187; 1894, (cat.). - Salt and Bequaert, 1929, Psyche Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 321, 36: 262 (record of stylopized specimen). 323 (key), 335, pl. 15 fig. 76, pl. 17 figs. - Giordani Soika, 1935, Mem. Estud. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 83

Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra (1) 82: 14 near Masindi Port, 3400 ft [1040m]" (distr.). (holotype male London); also from three DISTRIBUTION: Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; other localities in Uganda; and Zambia; Malawi; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Kenya; Mozambique; South Africa; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; Tanzania; Angola. South Africa (Western Cape, Free State, DISTRIBUTION: Kenya; Uganda; Tanzania; Natal, Transvaal); Lesotho. Angola; Zambia; Mozambique; South leonhardii du Buysson Africa (Transvaal, Kwazulu-Natal, West- Belonogaster leonhardii du Buysson, 1909, em Cape). Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 217, macilenta (Fabricius) 252, female - "Ouganda anglais: Ir- Vespa macilenta Fabricius, 1781, Spec. In- aouer" (lectotype Paris). - Bequaert, sect. 1: 468 - "Africa aequinoctiali" 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 335 (holotype male London); 1787, Mant. (cat.); 1938, Explor. Parcs Nation. Con- Insect. 1: 293. - Gmelin, 1790, Syst. go Belge Miss. G. F de Witte (1933- Nat. ed. 13, 1 (5): 2754. - Olivier, 1792, 1935) 11: 9 (distr.). - Benoit, 1956, Ann. Encycl. Method. Insect. 6: 673. - Fabri- Mus. R. Congo Belge 8 (Sci. Zool.) 51: cius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 280. - de 553 (leonhardi [!]). - Richards, 1982, Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 15 Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: (syn. of Raphigaster rufipennis). - Dalla 36, 43 (key), 87 (designation of lecto- Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 115 (syn. of type), figs. 60-61 (distr.). B. grisea); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: DISTRIBUTION: Uganda; Burundi; Zaire. 80 (syn. of B. grisea). - Bequaert, 1918, leonina Richards Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 331 (syn. Belonogaster leonina Richards, 1982, Bull. of B. grisea (Fabricius)). Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 39, Zethus macilentus; Fabricius, 1804, Syst. 43 (key), 90, figs. 63-65, male, female Piet.: 283. Belonogaster macilentus; Smith, 1857, Cat. - "Sierra Leone: Mattru" (holotype male London); also from Congo; Gabon; Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 94 (syn.: Raphigastrer Uganda. filiformis de Saussure, Zethus macilentus DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Gabon; Congo; (Fabricius)). - Gribodo, 1894, in Emery Uganda. et al., Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: 123. - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. levior Richards (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 36, 37 (key), Belonogaster levior Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. 81, figs. 55-57 (macilenta; syn.: B. pus- Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 34, 41 illus Kohl; distr.). (key), 58, female, male - "Uganda: Bu- Belonogaster pusillus Kohl, 1894 (1893), dongo Forest, Unyoro, 3400 ft [1040 Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 320, m]" (holotype female London); also 323 (key), 325, 337, pl. 15 figs. 75, 77, from Congo; Liberia. pl. 16 fig. 116, pl. 17, figs. 137, 140, DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; Congo; Uganda. 143, 148, female, male - Westafrika: Si- erra Leone (?Brussels). - Dalla Torre, libera Richards 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (pusilla; cat.); Belonogaster libera Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (pusil- Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 42 (key), - 1: male - "Liberia: la; cat.). Tullgren, 1904, Ark. Zool 86, Robertsport" (Lei- 454 (Belenogaster [!]). - du Buysson, den). 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): DISTRIBUTION: Liberia. 215, 218, 239, 264, pl. 4 fig. 2 (etholo- longitarsus Richards gy); 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel Belonogaster longitarsus Richards, 1982, Afr. Or., R6s. Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, Vesp.: Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 161. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. 40, 45 (key), 97, figs. 74-76, male, fe- Nat. Hist. 39: 235 (key), 236, 336 (cat.; male - "Uganda: banks of Victoria Nile distr.). - Salt and Bequaert, 1929, Psy- 84 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

che 36: 263 (record of stylopized spec- Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 (2): 207 imen). - Bequaert, 1938, Explor. Parcs (key). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera In- Nation. Congo Belge Miss. G. F de Wit- sectorum 19: 80 (longistyla; cat.). - von te (1933-1935) 11: 9 (distr.). - Richards, Schulthess, 1907, Voeltzkow, Reise in 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- Ostafrika 1903-1905, Wiss. Ergebn. 2 mol. 44: 81 (syn. of macilenta). (2): 64. - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. DIsTRBUTrION: Sierra Leone; Guinea-Bissau; Entomol. France 78 (2): 214, 231. - Be- Liberia; Cote d'Ivoire; Ghana; Nigeria. quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. maculata Richards 39: 335 (cat.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Belonogaster maculata Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 103, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 36 108, 113 (longestylus [!]; syn. of B. ma- (key), 71, female - "Uganda: eastem decassa de Saussure). - Hensen and Mbale district, S. of Mt Elgon, 2700- Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 3000 ft [820-915 m]" (Oxford); also 130: 23 (longestylus [!]; syn. of B. ma- from other locality in Uganda; and Ke- decassa). nya. Belonogaster keiseri Richards, 1982, Bull. DIsTRIBUTION: Uganda; Kenya. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 46 (key), 104, fig. 84, male - Madagascar: madecassa (de Saussure) Diego-Suarez, Joffreville (Leiden). - Raphigaster madecassus de Saussure, 1853, Hensen and Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 16, pl. 2 fig. 7, female Entomol. 130: 23 (syn. of B. madecassa - "Madagascar" (Genova). de Saussure). Belonogaster madecassus; Smith, 1857, Cat. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar; Comoros. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 94. - de Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar mandraka Hensen and Blommers 20, Hym. 1: 89 (key), 98. - Kohl, 1894 Belonogaster mandraka Hensen and Blom- (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien mers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 14 9: 337. - Gribodo, 1894, in Emery et al., (key), 23, fig. 23, female - "Rep. Mal- Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (5) 4: gache, Manjakandriana, Mandraka, 1200 123. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: m" (unique Amsterdam). 116 (madecassa; cat.). - de Saussure, DIsTRIBUTION: Madagascar. 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. maromandia Richards 26 (2): 207 (key), 211. - Dalla Torre, Belonogaster maromandia Richards, 1982, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (ma- Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: decassa; cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. 47 (key), 108, female - "Madagascar: Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 261. - Be- Province de Amalalava, Maromandia" quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Paris). - Hensen and Blommers, 1987, 39: 335 (cat.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 14 (key), 24, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 46 figs. 40, 41 (male; distr.). (key), 103, figs. 82, 83 (madecassa; DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. distr.). - Hensen and Blommers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 12 (madecassum menelikii Gribodo [!]; key), 23, figs. 1, 3, 21, 22, 45 (ma- Belonogaster menelikii Gribodo, 1879, Ann. decassa; syn.: keiseri Richards; nest; Mus. Civ. Genova (1) 14: 342, female - distr.). "Mahal-Uonz" (Genova); 1881, Ann. Belonogaster longistylus de Saussure, 1890, Mus. Civ. Genova 16: 288 (male); 1884, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 20: 384; 1884, Hym. 1: 89 (key), 97, pl. 17 fig. 13, fe- Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 21: 288. - Kohl, male - "Madagascar" (lectotype Ge- 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. neve). - Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Na- Wien 9: 320, 323 (key), 337, pl. 15 figs. turhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 336. - Dalla 81, 92, pl. 17 fig. 135. - Gribodo, 1894, Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (longis- in Emery et al., Mem. R. Accad. Sci. tyla; cat.). - de Saussure, 1900, Abh. Bologna (5) 4: 123. - Dalla Torre, 1894, 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 85

Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (cat.). - Fox, 1896, Zambia; Malawi; Tanzania; South Afri- Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 48: ca. 555. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insec- DISTRIBUTION: Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; torum 19: 80 (meneliki [!]; cat.). - Malawi; South Africa (Transvaal). Schulz, 1911, Zool. Ann. Wurzburg 4: 200. - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. nigricans Richards (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 35, 38, 43 Belonogaster nigricans Richards, 1982, Bull. (key), 52, 113, fig. 8 (meneliki [!]; Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 36 distr.). (key), 77, fig. 48, female - "Congo: Di- Belonogaster griseus var. menelikii; du Buys- monika" (holotype Paris); also from 3 son, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France other localities in Congo. 78 (2): 250, 265, pl. 7 fig. 1 (ethology) DISTRIBUTION: Congo. [partim]; 1914, in Voy. Alluaud et Jean- nitida Richards nel Afr. Or. Res. Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, Belonogaster nitida Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Vesp.: 163. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 40 (key), Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 332 (cat.). - Schou- 60, figs. 15, 16, male - "Nigeria: East- teden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 186 em province, Oguta, east of Onitsha" (distr.). - von Schulthess, 1928, Senck- (unique London). enbergiana 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). - Guig- DISTRIBUTION: Nigena. lia, 1932 (1931), Mem. Soc. Entomol. ornata de Saussure Ital. 10: 119 (meneliki [!]; distr.). - Be- Belonogaster ornatus de Saussure, 1900, quaert, 1933, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 116 (possibly distinct species; distr.; re- (2): 207 (key), 209, female, male - cords by du Buysson, 1909, Schouteden, "Madagascar" (lectotype male Geneve). 1919, von Schulthess, 1928, dubious). - - Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum Guiglia, 1939, Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 19: 80 (ornata; cat.). - Bequaert, 1918, 17: 192 (meneliki [!]); 1939, Mem. Soc. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 330 (syn. Entomol. Ital. 18: 88 (meneliki [!]); of B. eumenoides de Saussure). - Rich- 1940, Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Trieste ards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 14 (19): 288 (meneliki [!]). - Giordani Entomol. 44: 110 (?syn. of B. eumeno- Soika, 1940, Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. ides de Saussure). - Hensen and Blom- Trieste 14 (18): 286 (meneliki [!]; distr.); mers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 14 1952 (1951), Riv. Biol. Colon. 11: 88 (key), 25, figs. 24, 25 (ornata; designa- (meneliki [!]; distr.). - Iwata, 1966, Mu- tion of lectotype; syn.: pomicolor de shi 39: 57 (ethology); 1976, Evol. In- Saussure; distr.). stinct: 303, 307, 308 (ethology). Belonogaster pomicolor de Saussure, 1900, DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia. Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 26 multipunctata Richards (2): 207, 209, female, male - "Mada- Belonogaster multipunctata Richards, 1982, gascar" (lectotype female Geneve). - Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 36 (key), 55, female - "Uganda: Enteb- 19: 80 (cat.). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. be, 3800-4000 ft [1160-1220 m], for- Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 330 (syn. of B. est within 4 miles [6.5 km] of Kitabi eumenoides de Saussure). - Richards, Hill" (Oxford). 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- DISTRIBUTION: Uganda. mol. 44: 110 (?syn. of eumenoides de Saussure). - Hensen and Blommers, neavei Richards 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 25, 26 Belonogaster neavei Richards, 1982, Bull. (designation of lectotype; syn. of B. or- Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 39, nata de Saussure). 45 (key), 89, male, female - "Kenya: DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Masongaleni, ca 38°2'E, 2°4'S, 3000 ft [915 m]" (holotype male London); also pennata Richards from 6 other localities in Kenya; and Belonogaster pennata Richards, 1982, Bull. 86 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 36, Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (pe- 43 (key), 51, fig. 7, female, male - tiolata; cat.; error: "Polistes petiolata "Zaire: Shaba prov. (Katanga), Kam- Lepeletier, Encycl. method. Insect. X. bove, 4000-5000 ft [1220-1500 m]" 1825 p. 173 n. 16" [absent in Lepeletier, (holotype female London); also from 6 1825]); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 other localities in Zaire; and Gabon; (petiolata; cat.). - Tullgren, 1904, Ark. Congo; Rwanda; Angola; Kenya; Ugan- Zool. 1: 461 (Belenogaster [!]). - da; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimba- Schulz, 1912, Berlin. Entomol. Z. 57: bwe; South Africa. 62. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. DISTRIBuTION: Gabon; Congo; Zaire; Ugan- Nat. Hist. 39: 335 (cat.; syn.: B. brachy- da; Kenya; Rwanda; Tanzania; Angola; cerus Kohl). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; South Af- Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 35, 37, rica. 43 (key), 71, figs. 36, 37 (petiolata; syn.: B. brachycerus Kohl, ?V. linearis Oliv- petiolata (DeGeer) ier; distr.). - Keeping and Crewe, 1983, Vespa petiolata DeGeer, 1778, M6m. Hist. J. Entomol. Soc. South. Africa 46: 309 Insectes 7: 610, pl. 45, fig. 10 - "Cap- (petiolata; ethology.). - Kojima and de-Bonne-Esperance" (holotype female J. - Keeping, 1984, Entomol. Soc. South. Stockholm). Goze, 1783, in DeGeer, Africa 48: 237 (petiolata; larva). - Abh. Gesch. Insekten 7: 217, T. 45, F et 10. - Keeping al., 1986, J. Chem. Ecol. 773 Retzius, 1783, Gen. Spec. Insect. (petiolata; ethology). - Keeping and 6: 64. Crewe, 1987, in Eder and Rembold, ?Vespa linearis Olivier, 1792, Encycl. Meth- Chem. Biol. Soc. od. - Insects: 383 (petiolata; Ins. 6: 673 "Cap de Bonne Esper- ethology). - Keeping, 1990, J. Insect ance" (lost). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Behav. 3 (1): 85 (petiolata; ethology); Hym. 9: 116 (?syn. of B. petiolata). - 1990, Ethology 85: 1 (petiolata; ethol- Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. J. Entomol. Soc. Hist. 39: 331 (syn. of B. ogy); 1990, South. Af- grisea (Fabri- rica 54: 17 (petiolata; ethology). - cius)). Spradbery, 1991, in Ross and Matthews, ?Polistes linearis; Latreille, 1809, Gen. Soc. Biol. Crust. Insectes 4: 142. Wasps: 354, 355, 357, 373 (petiolata; colony population). - Jeanne, Belonogaster brachycerus Kohl, 1894 1991, in Ross and Matthews, Soc. (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien Biol. 9: 323, Wasps: 393 (petiolata; ethology). - Ross 324, 331, pl. 15 fig. 82, pl. 17 and Carpenter, 1991, in Ross and Mat- fig. 138, female - Stidafrika: Cap b. sp. thews, Soc. Biol. 464 (type depository unknown). - Dalla Tor- Wasps: (petiolata; re, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 (brachycera; biology). - Keeping, 1992, Behav. Ecol. cat.); 1904, Sociobiol. 31: 211 (petiolata; ethology). Genera Insectorum 19: 80 - Behav. Soc. (brachycera; cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, It6, 1993, Evol. Wasps: Ann. Soc. 20, 34, 104 (petiolata; ethology). - Entomol. France 78 (2): 217, Keeping, 1995, Insectes Soc. 42 218, 254, 264 (male; ethology). - von (3): 317 Schulthess, 1914, (petiolata; etfiology). Dtsch. Entomol. Z. DISTRIBUTION: Malawi; Zimbabwe; South Af- 1914: 290 (compared to B. rothkirchi n. rica sp.). - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. (Western Cape, Free State, Trans- Nat. Hist. 39: 335 (syn. of B. petiolata vaal, Kwazulu-Natal); Lesotho. (DeGeer)). pileata Richards ?Belonogaster linearis; Kohl, 1894 (1893), Belonogaster pileata Richards, 1982, Bull. Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 336. - Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 37, Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 41 (key), 62, figs. 21, 22, female, male (cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 - "Kenya: Tareta forest (near Tanzanian (cat.). border)" (holotype female London); Belonogaster petiolatus; Kohl, 1894 (1893), also from three other localities in Kenya; Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 337. - and Tanzania; Malawi. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 87

DISTRIBUTION: Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi. 37, 43 (key), 80, fig. 54, female, male - "Uganda: top of escarpment, east of prasina de Saussure Batiaba, L. Albert, 3200 ft [980m]" (ho- Belonogaster prasinus de Saussure, 1890, in lotype female London); also from two Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. other localities in Uganda; and Kenya; 1: 89 (key), 92, pl. 19 fig. 5, female, Congo; South Africa. male - "Madagascar ... aux environs DISTRIBUTION: Congo; Uganda; Kenya; South de Fort-Dauphin" (lectotype male Ge- Africa (Kwazulu-Natal). neve); also from 2 other localities. - Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hof- rothkirchi von Schulthess mus. Wien 9: 337. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Belonogaster rothkirchi von Schulthess, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (prasina; cat.). - de 1914, Soc. Entomol. 29: 4, male -- "Ka- Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenb. Natur- merunberg, Soppo" (lectotype Zurich); forsch. Ges. 26 (2): 207 (key). - Dalla 1914, Dtsch. Entomol. Z.: 288 (fig.). - Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. (prasina; cat.). - von Schulthess, 1907, Hist. 39: 336 (cat.). - Richards, 1982, Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostafrika 1903- Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 1905, Wiss. Ergebn. 2 (2): 65. - du 42, 45 (key), 85, fig. 59 (designation of Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. lectotype). France 78 (2): 214, 228. - Bequaert, DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon. 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 335 (cat.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. saeva de Saussure (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 47 (key), 107, Belonogaster saevus de Saussure, 1890, in figs. 87, 89 (prasina; designation of lec- Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym. totype; distr.). - Hensen and Blommers, 1: 92, footnote, female - "l'Afrique 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 14 (key), tropicale" (type depository unknown). - 26 (prasina; distr.). Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hof- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. mus. Wien 9: 337. - Dalla Tonre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (saeva; cat.); 1904, principalis Richards Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (saeva; cat.). Belonogaster principalis Richards, 1982, - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: France 78 (2): 215, 219, 242, 264, pl. 4 38 (key), 82, female - "Guinea-Bissau: figs. 10, 11 (male). - von Schulthess, Principe I., between Roca Esperanza and 1912, Wiss. Ergebn. D. Z. Afrik. Exp., Roca Sundi" [sic] (unique London). (1907-08), 4, Lf. 10: 291; 1913, Mitt. DISTRIBUTION: Principe. Zool. Mus. Berlin 6 (3): 338. - Be- punctata Richards quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 234 (key), 336 (cat.; distr.). - Schou- Belonogaster punctata Richards, 1982, Bull. teden, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 184 Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 42 (distr.). - Bequaert, 1938, Explor. Parcs (key), 84, male - "Cameroun: Kumba" Nation. Congo Belge Miss. G. E de Wit- (unique London). te (1933-1935) 11: 9 (distr.). - Giordani DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon. Soika, 1977, Steenstrupia 4: 127 (distr.). punctilla Richards - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Belonogaster punctilla Richards, 1982, Bull. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 38, 48 (key), 61, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 38 figs. 19, 20 (saeva; distr.). (key), 83, female - "Uganda: Mpanga DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Ghana; Came- forest, Toro, 4800ft [1460m]" (unique roon; Congo; Zaire; Uganda; Kenya; London). Tanzania; Malawi; South Africa (Cape DISTRIBUTION: Uganda. of Good Hope). pusilloides Richards saussurei Kirby Belonogaster pusilloides Richards, 1982, Belonogaster saussurei Kirby, 1881, Proc. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: Zool. Soc. London: 649, female, male - 88 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

"Socotra" (lectotype male London). - nia; Zimbabwe; Zambia; Malawi; Mo- Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. Naturhist. Hof- zambique; South Africa; Niger. mus. Wien 9: 337. - Dalla Torre, 1894, DISTRIBUTION: Niger; Kenya; Tanzania; Zam- Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (saussureii [!]; cat.). - bia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Kirby, 1898, Proc. Zool. Soc. London: South Africa (Free State, Kwazulu-Na- 386; 1903, in Forbes, Nat. Hist. of So- tal). kotra, Zool. Hym.: 248, pl. 16 fig. 2 (Be- lenogaster [!]; syn.: B. tricolor Taschen- tanosy Hensen and Blommers berg; ethology). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Belonogaster tanosy Hensen and Blommers, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (cat.). - Kohl, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 14 (key), 1907, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 27, figs. 29-31, male, female - "Mad- Math. Naturh. K1. 71 (1): 223, pl. 5 figs. agascar, Fort Dauphin, 500 m" (holo- 18, 20, 31. - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. type male London); also from four other Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 262. - Be- localities in Madagascar. quaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. DISTRIBUrION: Madagascar. 39: 336 (cat.; syn.: B. tricolor Taschen- tarsata Kohl berg). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. Belonogaster tarsatus Kohl, 1893 (1892), (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 40, 44 (key), Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 10 (2): 93, fig. 69 (designation of lectotype; 187, figs. 2, 5, 7, 8, 11, 16, female, male syn.: B. tricolor Taschenberg; distr.); - "Ost-Afrika: Mbusini (Usegua ...) 1985 (1984), Fauna Saudi Arabia 6: 436, (lectotype male Wien); 1894, Ann. Na- 437 (key; distr.), 438 (list). turhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 321, 323 (key), Belonogaster tricolor Taschenberg, 1883, Z. 333, 337, pl. 15 16 Ges. figs. 85, 86, pl. figs. Naturw. Halle 56: 175, female - 97, 119, pl. 17 figs. 150, 153, 154. - Insel Socotra (Socotora) (type deposito- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 ry unknown). - Kohl, 1894 (1893), Ann. (tarsata; cat.). - Stadelmann, 1898, Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 337. - Dalla Deutsch Ost-Afrika 4, Hym.: 35. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (cat.). - Torre, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 Kirby, 1903, in Forbes, Nat. Hist. of So- (tarsata; cat.). - du Buysson, 1909, Ann. kotra, Zool. Hym.: 248 (Belenogaster Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): 215, 219, [!]; syn. of B. saussurei). - Dalla Torre, 237, 263, pI. 4 fig. 7. - Bequaert, 1918, 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 (cat.). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 336 - du (cat.). Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. France 78 (2): 261. - Bequaert, 1918, Hist.) Entomol. 44: 37, 44 (key), 73, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 336 (syn. figs. 39-41 (tarsata; designation of lec- of B. saussurei Kirby). totype; distr.). DISTRBUTION: Yemen (including Socotra). DisTRIBUTION: Tanzania (including Zanzibar). scutifera Hensen and Blommers tessmanni von Schulthess Belonogaster scutifera Hensen and Blom- Belenogaster [!] tessmanni von Schulthess, mers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 12 1910, Soc. Entomol. 25: 45, female, (key), 26, figs. 26-28, male, female - male - "Spanisch Guinea ... Uelleborg, "Madagascar Est: Ambodivoangy" (ho- ... Benitogebiet ... Alcu Benitogebiet lotype male Tervuren); also from other ... Spanisch Guinea Hinterland, Nko- locality in Madagascar. lontangan" (Berlin); 1913, Mitt. Zool. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. Mus. Berlin 6 (3): 339. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 337 somereni Richards (Belonogaster; cat.); 1938, Explor. Parcs Belonogaster somereni Richards, 1982, Bull. Nation. Congo Belge Miss. G. E. de Wit- Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 35, te (1933-1935) 11: 9 (Belonogaster; 44 (key), 50, fig. 6, male, female - "Ke- ?Zaire). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. nya: Teita Hills (ca 3803'E, 2°4'S)" (ho- (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 101 (Belono- lotype male London); also from Tanza- gaster; types not found; "I have not 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 89

been able to identify this species with turgida Kohl any certainty, though it is probably dis- Belonogaster turgidus Kohl, 1894 (1893), tinct") [error: type locality Guinea-Bis- Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 322 sau]. (key), 333, 337, pl. 15 fig. 74, pl. 16 fig. DISTRIBUTION: Equatorial Guinea; Cameroon; 114, female - "Fernando Po" (Wien). - ?Zaire. Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (turgida; cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum tipuliformis Hensen and Blommers 19: 80 (turgida; cat.). - du Buysson, Belonogaster tipuliformis Hensen and Blom- 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 (2): mers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 12 260. - Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. (key), 28, fig. 32, female - "Madagas- Nat. Hist. 39: 337 (cat.). - Richards, car; (Tamat.); Perinet; 950 m; 48°16E, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ento- 18°56S" (holotype Leiden); also from mol. 44: 34 (key), 60, fig. 17 (turgida). two other localities in Madagascar. DISTRIBUTION: Bioko. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. ugandae Richards trandraka Hensen and Blommers Belonogaster ugandae Richards, 1982, Bull. Belonogaster trandraka Hensen and Blom- Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 42 mers, 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 12 (key), 54, fig. 12, male - "Uganda: (key), 30, figs. 33, 34, female - "Mad- eastern Mbale district, S. of Mt Elgon, agascar Est: Ambodivoangy" (Tervur- 3700-3900 ft [1130-1190m]" (Lon- en). don). DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. DISTRIBUTION: Uganda. turbulenta Kohl vadoni Hensen and Blommers Belonogaster turbulentus Kohl, 1894 (1893), Belonogaster vadoni Hensen and Blommers, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 323 1987, Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: 14 (key), (key), 330, 337, pl. 15 fig. 87, pl. 16 fig. 30, female - "N. E. Madagascar, Fam- 101, pl. 17 fig. 147, female - "Westaf- panambo" (Tervuren). rika: Sierra Leone" (Wien). - Dalla Tor- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. re, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 116 (turbulenta; vasseae du Buysson cat.); 1904, Genera Insectorum 19: 80 Belonogaster vasseae du Buysson, 1906, (turbulenta; cat.). - Tullgren, 1904, Ark. Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1906: 189, Zool. 1: 454 (Belenogaster [!]). - du female - "bassin inf6rieur du Zambeze, Buysson, 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. de la vallee de la Muza, a une altitude France 78 (2): 215, 216, 240, 264, pl. 2 de 1.000 a 1.200 metres" (lectotype Par- fig. 13. - von Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. is); 1909, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 78 Zool. Mus. Berlin 6 (3): 338; 1914, (2): 213, 219, 263, pI. 2 fig. 8 (etholo- Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 1914: 290 (com- gy). - von Schulthess, 1912, Soc. En- pared to B. rothkirchi n. sp.) - Bequaert, tomol. 27: 42; 1913, Mitt. Zool. Mus. 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 235 Berlin 6 (3): 337. -- du Buysson, 1914, (key), 236, 337 (cat.; distr.). - Schoute- in Voy. Alluaud et Jeannel, Afr. Or., Res. den, 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 185 (distr.). Sci., Ins. Hym. 3, Vesp.: 160 (male). - - von Schulthess, 1928, Senckenbergi- Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. ana 10 (3/4): 96 (distr.). - Salt and Be- Hist. 39: 234, 337 (cat.). - Schouteden, quaert, 1929, Psyche 36: 263 (record of 1919, Rev. Zool. Afr. 6: 184 (distr.). - stylopized specimen). - Bequaert, 1938, Bequaert, 1938, Explor. Parcs Nation. Explor. Parcs Nation. Congo Belge Congo Belge Miss. G. F de Witte Miss. G. F. de Witte (1933-1935) 11: 8, (1933-1935) 11: 9 (distr.). - Benoit, 9, 10 (distr.). - Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. 1956, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge 8 (Sci. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44: 36 (key), Zool.) 51: 552 (distr.). - Giordani Soika, 74, fig. 42 (turbulenta; distr.). 1977, Steenstrupia 4: 127 (distr.). - DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Congo; Zaire. Richards, 1982, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. 90 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

Hist.) Entomol. 44: 35, 41 (key), 56, fig. his stay in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch 13 (designation of lectotype; distr.). Museum, Leiden, supported by the Neder- DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon; Congo; Zaire; landse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Uganda; Rwanda; Kenya; Tanzania; An- Onderzoek and Japan Society for the Pro- gola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mo- motion of Science. JK thanks C. van Ach- zambique. terberg for the help during his stay in the Netherlands. His thanks are also due to B. Species originally described as Brugge, W. Hogenes, T. Huddleston, D. Not- Belonogaster, now placed in another genus ton, and C. O'Toole for assistance in exam- ining the types. Comments on an earlier ver- sion by A. S. Menke and S6. Yamane im- Belenogaster [!] bidentatus Kirby, 1884, proved the manuscript; we thank them for Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 13: 410, female their patience in carefully reading through [male, according to Bequaert, 1928] - this catalog. We are grateful to R. Fu, W. "Pandana, Fiji, Aug. 1874" (London). - Hogenes, X. Ke, C. Pepperman, H. Tamura, Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 114 (bi- G. Tweehuysen and S6. Yamane for their dentata; cat.) = Eumenes [Delta] insu- help in making some literature available to laris Smith, 1857, syn. by Bequaert, us. Unpublished notes by the late J. van der 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 2: 164. Vecht in the archives of the Nationaal Na- tuurhistorisch Museum helped us on various ACKNOWLEDGMENTS occasions in putting species in their proper places. We are pleased to have the opportu- A large part of the section dealing with the nity to publish some more of the late J. van genus Ropalidia was completed by JK during der Vecht's work.

REFERENCES Bequaert, J. C. dae; Polistinae, Epiponini). J. Hym. 1918. A revision of the Vespidae of the Bel- Res. 5: 157-165. gian Congo based on the collection of Dalla Torre, K. W. the American Museum Congo expedi- 1904. Vespidae. Genera Insectorum 19: 1- tion, with a list of Ethiopian diplopter- 108. ous wasps. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Das, B. P., and V. K. Gupta 39: 1-384. 1984 (1983). A catalogue of the families Sten- Carpenter, J. M. ogastridae and Vespidae from the In- 1991. Phylogenetic relationships and the ori- dian subregion (Hymenoptera: Vespi- gin of social behavior in the Vespidae. dae). Orient. Insects 17: 395-464. In K. G. Ross and R. W. Matthews 1989. The social wasps of India and the ad- (eds.), The social biology of wasps, pp. jacent countries. Orient. Insects Mon- 7-32. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press. ogr. 11: 1-292. 1993. Biogeographic patterns in the Vespidae Giordani Soika, A. (Hymenoptera): two views of Africa 1991. Vespoidei raccolti da L. A. Nilsson nel and South America. In P. Goldblatt Madagascar con una tabella per la de- (ed.), Biological relationships between terminazione delle Ropalidia del Mad- Africa and South America, pp. 139- agascar (Hymenoptera Vespoidea). 155. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 79-90. 1996. Phylogeny and biogeography of Pol- Hensen, R. V. and L. H. M. Blommers 1987. Revision of the Malagasy species of istes. In S. Turillazzi and M. J. West- Belonogaster de Saussure (Hymenop- Eberhard (eds.), Natural history and tera; Vespidae). Tijdschr. Entomol. 130: evolution of paper-wasps, pp. 18-57. 11-31. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Jeanne, R. L. Carpenter, J. M., J. W. Wenzel, and J. Kojima 1991. The swarm-founding Polistinae. In K. 1996. Synonymy of the genus Occipitalia G. Ross and R. W. Matthews (eds.) The Richards, 1978, with Clypearia de social biology of wasps. pp. 191-231. Saussure, 1854 (Hymenoptera: Vespi- Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press. 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 91

Kojima, J. nus Ropalidia (= Icaria) (Hym., Ves- 1997. Subgeneric affiliation of Ropalidia pidae) (first part). Treubia 18: 103-190. thailandia Gusenleitner (Hymenoptera: 1962. The Indo-Australian species of the Vespidae): a case showing ambiguity of ge- the subgenera of the genus Ropalidia. nus Ropalidia (Icaria) (Hymenoptera, Zool. Meded., Leiden (in press). Vespidae) (second part). Zool. Verh., Meade-Waldo, G. Leiden 57: 1-72, 8 pls. 1913. New species of Diploptera in the col- 1966. The east-Asiatic and Indo-Australian lection of the British Museum. Ann. species of Polybioides du Buysson and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11: 44-54. Parapolybia de Saussure (Hym., Ves- Richards, 0. W. pidae). Zool. Verh., Leiden 82: 1-42, 3 1978. The Australian social wasps (Hyme- pIs. noptera: Vespidae). Aust. J. Zool. Wenzel, J. W. Suppl. 61: 1-132. 1993. Application of the biogenetic law to be- 1982. A revision of the genus Belonogaster havioral ontogeny: A test using nest ar- de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). chitecture in Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 44 paper wasps. J. Evol. Biol. (2): 31-114. 6: 229-247. Saussure, H. de Wenzel, J. W., and J. M. Carpenter 1862. Sur divers vespides Asiatiques et Afri- 1994. Comparing methods: adaptive traits cains du Musee de Leyden. Stettin. En- and tests of adaptation. In Eggleton, P tomol. Ztg. 23: 129-207. and R. I. Vane-Wright (eds.), Phyloge- Vecht, J. van der netics and ecology, pp. 79-101. Lon- 1941. The Indo-Australian species of the ge- don: Academic Press. 92 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

INDEX OF ROPALIDIINI Species, subspecies, and varieties are indexed. Genus names are given in parentheses; when they are regarded as valid in the latest citations, the generic names are given in boldface; when they are synonyms or belong to non-ropalidiine genera, the generic names of the original descriptions are not boldfaced. aberrans (Icaria), 60 bipartita (Ropalidia), 11 abyssinica (Belonogaster), 70 birmanica (Ropalidia), 56 acaulis (Belonogaster), 70 bispinosa (Ropalidia), 11 adenensis (Belonogaster), 70 borneensis (Ropalidia), 26 aethiopica (Ropalidia), 7 brachycerus (Belonogaster), 86 africana (Icaria), 7 brachystomna (Belonogaster), 71 agilis (Belonogaster), 82 braunsii (Belonogaster), 78 albitarsis (Ropalidia), 35 brazzai (Ropalidia), 11 albobalteatus (Polistes), 23 brevipetiolata (Belonogaster), 71, 72, 74 alleni (Ropalidia), 16 brevita (Ropalidia), 12 ambigua (Icaria), 12 brevitarsus (Belonogaster), 72 ambiko (Belonogaster), 70 brunnea (Belonogaster), 72 anarchica (Ropalidia), 8 brunnea (Ropalidia), 12 andamanensis (Ropalidia), 8 brunnescens (Belonogaster), 73 andrei (Polybia), 66 bucula (Polybia), 69 angustus (Polybioides), 67 buyssoni (Belonogaster), 76 annulipes (Icaria), 60, 65 antennata (Ropalidia), 8 cabeti (Ropalidia), 49 anthracina (Ropalidia), 36 cagayanensis (Icaria), 17 apicalis (Belonogaster), 70 cameroni (Icaria), 61, 64 arabica (Belonogaster), 70 canaria (Ropalidia), 12 aristocratica (Ropalidia), 8 capensis (Ropalidia), 12 artifex (Icaria), 54 carinata (Icaria), 61, 64 artifex (Polybia), 64 carinata (Ropalidia), 13 artifex (Ropalidia), 8 carinifera (Icaria), 61, 65 aterrima (Icaria), 60 cariniscutis (Icaria), 19 atra (Ropalidia), 9 cariniscutis (Polistratus), 7, 12 atrata (Belonogaster), 71 catharinae (Ancistrocerus), 4, 43 atrata (Ropalidia), 50 catharinae (Ropalidia), 13 aurata (Belonogaster), 71 celebensis (Ropalidia), 13 australis (Ropalidia), 9 ceylonica (Icaria), 17 cincta (Ropalidia), 13 bambusae (Ropalidia), 9 cinerea (Vespa), 80 barbata (Belonogaster), 71 claripennis (Belonogaster), 76 bensoni (Ropalidia), 9 clavata (Ropalidia), 14 betsileo (Belonogaster), 71 clypeata (Belonogaster), 73 bicincta (Ropalidia), 10 clypeata (Ropalidia), 14 bicolor (Belonogaster), 71 cohni (Icaria), 27 bicolor (Paraicaria), 7, 10 colonialis (Belonogaster), 80 bicolor (Ropalidia), 10 colorata (Ropalidia), 14 bicolorata (Ropalidia), 10 confraternus (Odynerus), 5, 43 bidens (Ropalidia), 11 conservator (Ropalidia), 15 bidentatus (Belonogaster), 90 conspicua (Ropalidia), 16 bilineata (Icaria), 4, 17 constitutionalis (Ropalidia), 16 bimaculata (Belonogaster), 71 copiaria (Ropalidia), 16 bimaculata (Ropalidia), 7 coronata (Anthreneida), 6, 55 binghami (Ropalidia), 11 crassa (Ropalidia), 16 binotata (Ropalidia), 40 crassipunctata (Ropalidia), 16 bioculata (Icaria), 54 cristata (Ropalidia), 17 bioculata (Parapolybia), 62 curvilineata (Ropalidia), 17 bioculata (Polistes), 27 cyathiformis (Ropalidia), 17, 28 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI 93

darwini (Ropalidia), 18 fraterna (Ropalidia), 25 dayi (Belonogaster), 73 freyi (Belonogaster), 76 deceptor (Ropalidia), 18 fulvinerva (Parapolybia), 61, 62 decorata (Ropalidia), 18, 66 fulvipennis (Belonogaster), 78 delicata (Ropalidia), 36 fulvipennis (Icaria), 41 deminutiva (Ropalidia), 19 fulvopruinosa (Ropalidia), 25 democratica (Ropalidia), 19 furva (Parapolybia), 64 dichroma (Ropalidia), 58 fuscata (Belonogaster), 73 discifera (Belonogaster), 73 fuscata (Ropalidia), 9 dispila (Ropalidia), 19 fuscipennis (Belonogaster), 76 disticha (Stelopolybia), 65 fuscipennis (Icaria), 61, 64 distigma (Ropalidia), 19 distinguendus (Belonogaster), 72 galimatia (Ropalidia), 25 domestica (Ropalidia), 19 gallimathias (Icaria), 25 dubia (Belonogaster), 73 gemmea (Ropalidia), 26 dubia (Ropalidia), 20 goodfellowi (Ropalidia), 15 ducalis (Ropalidia), 20 gracilenta (Ropalidia), 26 duchaussoyi (Ropalidia), 20 gracilis (Belonogaster), 76 gracilis (Polybioides), 67 eboraca (Ropalidia), 20 gracilis (Ropalidia), 26 elegans (Belonogaster), 82 grandidieri (Ropalidia), 26 elegantula (Ropalidia), 20 granulata (Ropalidia), 27 erratica (Ropalidia), 20 gravelyi (Ropalidia), 51 erythrocephala (Belonogaster), 74 gregaria (Ropalidia), 7, 27 erythrospila (Ropalidia), 20 grisea (Belonogaster), 76 erythrospilus (Belonogaster), 78 grossepunctata (Icaria), 61 escalerae (Parapolybia), 61 guerini (Belonogaster), 78 eumenoides (Belonogaster), 74 guichardi (Belonogaster), 79 eurostoma (Ropalidia), 21 guineensis (Vespa), 80 excavata (Ropalidia), 21 guttatipennis (Icaria), 36, 39 extrema (Ropalidia), 21 guttatipennis (Ropalidia), 28 facialis (Belonogaster), 75 hildebrandti (Belonogaster), 79 fallax (Odynerus), 32 hirsuta (Belonogaster), 79 fanemitra (Belonogaster), 75 hirsuta (Ropalidia), 29 fasciata (Icaria), 23 hongkongensis (Ropalidia), 29 fasciata (Ropalidia), 21 horni (Ropalidia), 29 fasciola (Ropalidia), 23 hova (Icaria), 25 ferruginea (Belonogaster), 75 humboldti (Ropalidia), 30 ferruginea (Icaria), 21, 37, 39, 53 ferruginea (Vespa), 37 ignobilis (Ropalidia), 30 festina (Ropalidia), 23 impetuosa (Ropalidia), 4, 30 filiformis (Belonogaster), 75 incurva (Ropalidia), 30 filiventris (Belonogaster), 75 indica (Belonogaster), 79 flava (Belonogaster), 76 indica (Parapolybia), 61, 62 flavinoda (Ropalidia), 31 indica (Ropalidia), 39, 53 flavobilineata (Icaria), 61 inquieta (Ropalidia), 28 flavobrunnea (Ropalidia), 23 insolens (Ropalidia), 6, 30 flavopicta (Icaria), 26 insularis (Icaria), 15 flavopicta (Ropalidia), 7, 24, 32 integra (Ropalidia), 30 flavoscutellata (Ropalidia), 31 interjecta (Ropalidia), 31 flavoviridis (Ropalidia), 24 intermedia (Icaria), 4, 21 fleckii (Belonogaster), 82 interrupta (Ropalidia), 31 floresiana (Ropalidia), 33 iracunda (Ropalidia), 23 fluviatilis (Ropalidia), 24 irrequieta (Ropalidia), 31 formicaria (Eumenes), 55 irritata (Ropalidia), 31 formosa (Ropalidia), 24 isabellinus (Polybioides), 69 formosana (Ropalidia), 57 ivorina (Ropalidia), 31 94 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

jacobsoni (Ropalidia), 31 melania (Ropalidia), 41 jaculator (Ropalidia), 6, 32 menelikii (Belonogaster), 84 javanica (Ropalidia), 32 mimikae (Ropalidia), 41 jordani (Betonogaster), 79 minor (Ropalidia), 41 jucunda (Ropalidia), 37 modesta (Ropalidia), 41 juncea (Belonogaster), 70, 80 mondoensis (Ropalidia), 41 juncta (Ropalidia), 29 montana (Ropalidia), 41 morosa (Icaria), 42 keiseri (Belonogaster), 84 multipunctata (Belonogaster), 85 kelnerpillautae (Belonogaster), 81 mutabilis (Ropalidia), 42 kohli (Belonogaster), 81 mutillata (Vespa), 55 koshunensis (Ropalidia), 56 mysolicus (Odynerus), 16 krishna (Ropalidia), 34 kurandae (Ropalidia), 32 neavei (Belonogaster), 85 nigerrima (Ropalidia), 42 lapiniga (Ropalidia), 23 nigra (Ropalidia), 4, 42 latebalteata (Ropalidia), 33 nigrescens (Ropalidia), 43 lateritia (Belonogaster), 82 nigricans (Belonogaster), 85 latetergum (Ropalidia), 33 nigriclava (Belonogaster), 72 laticincta (Ropalidia), 33 nigrior (Ropalidia), 43 lefebvrei (Ropalidia), 33 nigrita (Ropalidia), 44 leonhardii (Belonogaster), 83 nigrofemorata (Ropalidia), 44 leonina (Belonogaster), 83 nigrolineata (Ropalidia), 53 leopoldi (Ropalidia), 33 nigroplagiata (Ropalidia), 40 lepida (Ropalidia), 34 nilssoni (Ropalidia), 44 leptogaster (Icaria), 61, 68 nitida (Belonogaster), 85 levior (Belonogaster), 83 nitidula (Ropalidia), 44 libera (Belonogaster), 83 nobilis (Ropalidia), 44 limatula (Polybia), 5, 15, 66 nodosa (Parapolybia), 63 linearis (Vespa), 86 novaeguineae (Polybia), 44, 66 longipetiolata (Ropalidia), 4, 34 novaeguineae (Ropalidia), 44, 66 longistylus (Belonogaster), 84 novissima (Ropalidia), 45 longitarsus (Belonogaster), 83 nursei (Ropalidia), 45 loriana (Ropalidia), 34, 66 luctuosa (Polybia), 66 obscura (Ropalidia), 45 lugubris (Ropalidia), 34 obscurior (Ropalidia), 45 luzonensis (Ropalidia), 34 occidentalis (Belonogaster), 74 ochracea (Ropalidia), 45 macilenta (Belonogaster), 83 opifex (Ropalidia), 45 mackayensis (Ropalidia), 34 opulenta (Ropalidia), 6, 45 maculata (Belonogaster), 84 orientalis (Polybia), 64 maculata (Ropalidia), 35 ornata (Belonogaster), 85 maculifrons (Icaria), 21 ornaticeps (Ropalidia), 46 maculiventris (Ropalidia), 6, 35 ornatipes (Ropalidia), 46 madecassa (Belonogaster), 84 madecassa (Icaria), 25 palawana (Ropalidia), 46 magnanima (Ropalidia), 36 pallens (Belonogaster), 78 malagassus (Belonogaster), 71 papuana (Ropalidia), 6, 46, 66 malaisei (Ropalidia), 36 parvimaculata (Icaria), 5, 15, 36 malayana (Ropalidia), 36 parvula (Ropalidia), 10 mandraka (Belonogaster), 84 pendleburyi (Polybia), 67 marangensis (Icaria), 55 pendula (Icaria), 21 marginata (Ropalidia), 37 pendula (Ropalidia), 46 maromandia (Belonogaster), 84 pennata (Belonogaster), 85 massaicus (Belonogaster), 74 persica (Parapolybia), 63 mathematica (Ropalidia), 40, 66 petiolata (Belonogaster), 86 meadeana (Parapolybia), 66 petiolatus (Odynerus), 61 melainus (Polybioides), 67 petulans (Ropalidia), 46 1997 KOJIMA AND CARPENTER: CATALOG OF ROPALIDIINI

phalansterica (Ropalidia), 47 sexmaculata (Ropalidia), 5, 52 philippinensis (Ropalidia), 47 sexmaculatus (Belonogaster), 76 picta (Icaria), 21, 28 shelfordi (Polybia), 66 pictus (Belonogaster), 74, 78 shestakovi (Ropalidia), 52 pileata (Belonogaster), 86 shiva (Ropalidia), 11 pilosa (Ropalidia), 47 singapurensis (Icaria), 61, 65 plebeiana (Ropalidia), 47 socialis (Ropalidia), 52 plebeja (Icaria), 47 socialistica (Ropalidia), 53 plebeja (Ropalidia), 48 somaliensis (Belonogaster), 70 politica (Ropalidia), 48 somereni (Belonogaster), 88 pomicolor (Belonogaster), 85 sordida (Ropalidia), 15 pomicolor (Ropalidia), 48 spatulata (Ropalidia), 12, 53 prasina (Belonogaster), 87 speciosa (Icaria), 55 prasina (Ropalidia), 48 spilocephala (Ropalidia), 5, 27 pratti (Ropalidia), 35 spilostoma (Icaria), 5, 42 principalis (Belonogaster), 87 stigma (Polybia), 18 proletaria (Ropalidia), 48 stigma (Ropalidia), 54, 66 pruinosa (Icaria), 5, 37 subclavata (Ropalidia), 54 psecas (Polybioides), 67 sulciscutis (Icaria), 61, 68 pseudomalayana (Ropalidia), 48 sumatrae (Icaria), 11 pubescens (Polistes), 55 sumatrae (Polistes), 39 pulchella (Ropalidia), 48 sumatrae (Ropalidia), 11, 55 punctata (Belonogaster), 87 sumatrensis (Polybia), 67, 68 punctilla (Belonogaster), 87 sumbaensis (Ropalidia), 40 punctum (Polistes), 13, 28 sundaica (Ropalidia), 39 pusilloides (Belonogaster), 87 pusillus (Belonogaster), 83 tabidus (Polybioides), 67, 68 taiwana (Ropalidia), 56 quadrimaculata (Icaria), 61, 64 takasagona (Parapolybia), 62 tanosy (Belonogaster), 88 ranavali (Ropalidia), 49 tarsata (Belonogaster), 88 raphigastra (Polybioides), 67 tertius (Odynerus), 32 reactionalis (Ropalidia), 49 tessmanni (Belonogaster), 88 regina (Ropalidia), 49 thailandia (Ropalidia), 57 revolutionalis (Ropalidia), 49 timida (Ropalidia), 57 romandi (Ropalidia), 50 tinctipennis (Parapolybia), 61, 63 rothkirchi (Belonogaster), 87 tipulifornis (Belonogaster), 89 rubriscutis (Icaria), 61, 68 tolerans (Ropalidia), 28 rufa (Ropalidia), 54 tomentosa (Ropalidia), 57 rufinoda (Icaria), 56 torresiana (Ropalidia), 42 rufipennis (Raphigaster), 76 torrida (Ropalidia), 40 rufitarsis (Ropalidia), 39 trandraka (Belonogaster), 89 rufocollaris (Ropalidia), 50 trichophthalma (Ropalidia), 57 rufoplagiata (Ropalidia), 51 tricinctella (Icaria), 14 tricolor (Belonogaster), 88 saeva (Belonogaster), 87 trimaculata (Ropalidia), 53 sakalava (Ropalidia), 51 trullissima (Ropalidia), 60 santoshae (Ropalidia), 51 turbulenta (Belonogaster), 89 sariensis (Odynerus), 5, 43 turgida (Belonogaster), 89 saussurei (Belonogaster), 87 turneri (Ropalidia), 58 schulthessi (Ropalidia), 51 scitula (Ropalidia), 51 ugandae (Belonogaster), 89 scottiana (Ropalidia), 52 ungulata (Icaria), 41 scutifera (Belonogaster), 88 unicolor (Ropalidia), 53, 58 semihyalinata (Ropalidia), 52 unidentata (Ropalidia), 58 sepicana (Ropalidia), 52 sericea (Icaria), 5, 60 vadoni (Belonogaster), 89 sericea (Ropalidia), 52 varia (Parapolybia), 64 96 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3199

variabilis (Ropalidia), 58 wegneri (Ropalidia), 11 variegata (Icaria), 8, 21, 40 wollastoni (Ropalidia), 60 variegata (Ropalidia), 22, 23, 58 wroughtoni (icaria), 61, 64 vasseae (Belonogaster), 89 wudai (Ropalidia), 60 velutina (Ropalidia), 59 venustula (Ropalidia), 59 xanthopoda (Icaria), 18 vietnama (Ropalidia), 59 xanthura (Icaria), 14 vitripennis (Ropalidia), 59 xanthura (Ropalidia), 60 waigeuensis (Ropalidia), 15 zonata (Ropalidia), 5, 60

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